COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY

2011.GUGS 1

COMMUNITY CHEMISTRY

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

2011.GUGS 2

FINAL EXAM REVIEW TOPICS1. LAB SAFETY2. SCIENTIFIC METHOD3. METRICS4. DENSITY5. WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE6. ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE7. NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS8. PROPERTIES OF IONIC VS. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS9. SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY /POLAR VS. NON POLAR

MOLECULES10. pH

2011.GUGS 3

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

2011.GUGS 4

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they

are used:

2011.GUGS 5

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 types of safety apparel & explain why they

are used:1. Goggles: protect eyes2. Aprons: protect clothing3. Gloves: protect hands

2011.GUGS 6

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 safety RULES & explain why they are

enforced:

2011.GUGS 7

LAB SAFETY: procedures & equipmentList 3 safety RULES & explain why they are

enforced: possible answers1. Tie back long hair: won’t catch fire.2. Cover feet & legs: to protect from chemical

splashing/spills & broken glass.3. Know the procedure: to prevent unsafe errors.4. Remove dangling jewelry: can get caught on

things.5. Dispose of chemical wastes as directed: some

chemicals can be pollutants.

2011.GUGS 8

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is the EPA & what is it’s purpose?

2011.GUGS 9

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is the EPA & what is it’s purpose?

EPA stands for Environmental Protection Agency.

It is a U. S. government agency protects human health and the environment

2011.GUGS 10

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is OSHA & what is it’s purpose?

2011.GUGS 11

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWhat is OSHA & what is it’s purpose?

OSHA is the Occupational Health and Safety Administration.

Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatality by issuing and enforcing standards for workplace safety and health.

2011.GUGS 12

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN?

2011.GUGS 13

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT DO THE LETTERS MSDS MEAN?

MSDS stands for material safety data sheet .

2011.GUGS 14

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS?

2011.GUGS 15

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MSDS?

Material safety data sheet (MSDS) is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance. An important component of handling or working with a substance in a safe manner.

2011.GUGS 16

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS LD 50?

2011.GUGS 17

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSWHAT IS LD 50?

The LD50 is the dose that kills half (50%) of the animals tested (LD = "lethal dose"). The animals are usually rats or mice, although rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, and so on are sometimes used.

2011.GUGS 18

LAB SAFETY: EPA, OSHA & MSDSUsing an actual MSDS, provide the

following information:1. Name of substance: _____________2. Chemical formula: _______________3. Boiling Point: ___________________4. LD-50: _________________________

2011.GUGS 19

Scientific MethodList the steps in the Scientific Method:

2011.GUGS 20

Scientific MethodList the steps in the Scientific Method:1. State the problem (with variables).2. Form hypothesis.3. Develop an experimental design that has a

control.4. Gather data (perform experiment).5. Analyze data & FORM CONCLUSIONS.6. Evaluate the validity of the experiment.

2011.GUGS 21

Scientific MethodWHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL?

2011.GUGS 22

Scientific MethodWHAT IS THE EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL?

A sample in which a factor whose effect is being estimated is absent or is held constant, in order to provide a comparison.

2011.GUGS 23

Scientific MethodCOMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT

VARIABLES.

2011.GUGS 24

Scientific MethodCOMPARE THE DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT

VARIABLES.

The independent variable is the variable being manipulated/changed.

The dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.

The dependent variable responds to the independent variable.

2011.GUGS 25

Scientific MethodChoose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to show

where the volume reading should be correctly read.

2011.GUGS 26

Scientific MethodChoose the arrow on the graduated cylinder to show

where the volume reading should be correctly read.

***************

2011.GUGS 27

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.Measurement Metric Unit1. Length2. Mass3. Volume4. Time

2011.GUGS 28

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.Measurement Metric Unit1. Length M-meter2. Mass g-gram3. Volume L-liter4. Time s-seconds

2011.GUGS 29

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.Prefix Value

(decimal/fraction)1. Milli2. Kilo3. Deci4. Centi

2011.GUGS 30

THE METRIC SYSTEMCOMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE.Prefix Value

(decimal/fraction)1. Milli 1/1000 or 0.0012. Kilo 10003. Deci 1/10 or 0.14. Centi 1/100 or 0.01

2011.GUGS 31

DENSITYSTATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY.

2011.GUGS 32

DENSITYSTATE THE FORMULA FOR DENSITY.

Density is mass divided by volume:

D = m/V

2011.GUGS 33

DENSITYCalculate the density of an object

that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL.

2011.GUGS 34

DENSITYCalculate the density of an object

that has a mass of 7.0 g and a volume of 3.5 mL.

D = m / VD = 7.0 g / 3.5 mLD = 2 g / mL

2011.GUGS 35

DENSITY

WHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER?

2011.GUGS 36

DENSITYWHICH IS MORE DENSE THAN WATER?

Soda Can Sinks: MORE DENSE THAN WATER!

2011.GUGS 37

ELEMENTS & USING THE PERIODIC TABLE

There are approximately elements.

2011.GUGS 38


There are approximately 114 elements.

2011.GUGS 39


The 3 major types of elements are:

2011.GUGS 40


The 3 major types of elements are:Metal, nonmetals, & metalloids.

2011.GUGS 41


List 3 properties of metals.

2011.GUGS 42


List 3 properties of metals.1. Ductile (can be made into wire)2. Malleable (can be shaped)3. Good heat & electricity

conductors

2011.GUGS 43


What does the number35 represent?

2011.GUGS 44


What does the number35 represent?Atomic number

2011.GUGS 45


What do theletters Brrepresent?

2011.GUGS 46


What do theletters Brrepresent?The chemicalsymbol of theelement.

2011.GUGS 47


What does the number79.90 represent?

2011.GUGS 48


What does the number79.90 represent?Atomic mass

2011.GUGS 49


In the periodic table, families are arranged in ____________.

2011.GUGS 50


In the periodic table, families are arranged in vertical columns.

2011.GUGS 51


In the periodic table, periods are arranged in .

2011.GUGS 52


In the periodic table, periods are arranged in horizontal rows.

2011.GUGS 53


In the periodic table, there are periods.

2011.GUGS 54


In the periodic table, there are 7 periods.

2011.GUGS 55


In the periodic table, there are families.

2011.GUGS 56


In the periodic table, there are 18 families.

2011.GUGS 57


The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element’s

.

2011.GUGS 58


The chemical properties of an element relate most closely to the element’s

electronic structure.

2011.GUGS 59


Complete the table:

Group Family Name

12

1718

2011.GUGS 60


Complete the table:

Group Family Name

1 Alkali metals2

1718

2011.GUGS 61


Complete the table:

Group Family Name

1 Alkali metals2 Alkaline earth metals

1718

2011.GUGS 62


Complete the table:

Group Family Name


17 Halogens18

2011.GUGS 63


Complete the table:

Group Family Name


17 Halogens18 Noble gases

2011.GUGS 64


Complete the table:

Element Family Name

LiBaI

Ne

2011.GUGS 65


Complete the table:

Element Family Name

Li Alkali metalsBa Alkaline earth metalsI Halogens

Ne Noble gases

2011.GUGS 66


An element’s identity is based on it’s ________.

2011.GUGS 67


An element’s identity is based on it’s atomic number.

2011.GUGS 68


Identify the element which has an atomic number of 6.

2011.GUGS 69



Carbon.

2011.GUGS 70



2011.GUGS 71



Sulfur.

2011.GUGS 72


Identify the element that has the symbol Fe.

2011.GUGS 73


Identify the element that has the symbol Fe.

Iron.

2011.GUGS 74


Identify the element that has the symbol K.

2011.GUGS 75


Identify the element that has the symbol K.

Potassium.

2011.GUGS 76


Complete the table:Isotope Atomic

#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 30 36M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 77



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 30 36M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 78



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36

M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 79



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 80



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 35 80 35 -1

2011.GUGS 81



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 35 80 35 80-35 =

45-1

2011.GUGS 82



#Mass

## of

protons# of

neutrons

# of electrons

charge

L 34 34 + 30 = 64

34 30 36 34-36 =

-2M 35 80 35 80-35 =

4535 + 1 = 36

-1

2011.GUGS 83


Complete the table:Atom Metal or

Nonmetal?Cation or Anion?

Gains or loses electrons?

# of electrons gained or lost

Ion formed

Sodium, Na Na +

Sulfur, S S 2-

Magnesium, Mg

Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 84






Ion formed

Sodium, Na Metal Cation Loses 1 lost Na +

Sulfur, S S 2-

Magnesium, Mg

Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 85






Ion formed


Sulfur, S Nonmetal Anion Gains 2 gained S 2-

Magnesium, Mg

Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 86






Ion formed



Magnesium, Mg

Metal Cation Loses 2 lost Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Al 3+

2011.GUGS 87






Ion formed



Magnesium, Mg

Metal Cation Loses 2 lost Mg 2+

Aluminum, Al

Metal Cation Loses 3 lost Al 3+

2011.GUGS 88

FORMULAS & NAMES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS

Complete the table:Element Cation

formulaElement Anion

formulaCompound formula

Name

Calcium Nitrogen

Sodium Sulfur

Aluminum

Fluorine

2011.GUGS 89





Name

Calcium Ca2+ Nitrogen N3- Ca3N2Calcium nitride

Sodium Sulfur

Aluminum

Fluorine

2011.GUGS 90





Name


Sodium Na+ Sulfur S- Na2S Sodium sulfide

Aluminum

Fluorine

2011.GUGS 91




formulaCmpd formula

Name


Sodium Na+ Sulfur S- Na2S Sodium sulfide

Aluminum

Al3+ Fluorine F- AlF3Aluminum

fluoride

2011.GUGS 92


Write the formula for magnesium hydroxide:

2011.GUGS 93


Write the formula for magnesium hydroxide:Mg(OH)2

2011.GUGS 94


How many oxygen atoms are in the chemical formula Ba3(PO4)2?

2011.GUGS 95


Write the formula for barium phosphate:Ba3(PO4)2

2011.GUGS 96


How many oxygen atoms are in the chemical formula Ba3(PO4)2?

2 X 4 = 8

2011.GUGS 97

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

What is the difference between direct and indirect water use?

2011.GUGS 98


What is the difference between direct and indirect water use?

Direct water use is when you turn on a tap and water comes out– for example: Drinking a glass of water/cooking with water, showering.

Indirect water use is when you use a product or service that required water to be used for its production, or water use that you aren't readily aware of, for example: water used in the production of electricity.

2011.GUGS 99


List 4 ways you can conserve water:

2011.GUGS 100


List 4 ways you can conserve water:

2011.GUGS 101


List & describe the processes (steps) in the hydrologic cycle.

2011.GUGS 102

WATER & THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLEList the processes (steps) in the hydrologic cycle.1. Condensation: when warm air collides with cold air and

droplets form.2. Precipitation: droplets that after being condensed begin to

fall to the earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail, glaze, or snow.

3. Erosion: the movement of soil by wind or water.4. Melting: when a solid changes into a liquid.5. Percolation: the movement of water through the soil.6. Evaporation: The process of liquid water becoming vapor.

2011.GUGS 103

The Hydrologic Cycle: Insert the following termsIn the diagram:•Evaporation•Respiration•Transpiration•Precipitation•Runoff•Condensation

2011.GUGS 104

The Hydrologic Cycle: Insert the following termsIn the diagram:•Evaporation•Respiration•Transpiration•Precipitation•Runoff•Condensation

2011.GUGS 105


Huge underground storehouses of water made rock, sand, or gravel are known as ____________.

2011.GUGS 106


Huge underground storehouses of water made rock, sand, or gravel are known as aquifers.

2011.GUGS 107

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITYDefine:1. Solute:

2. Solvent:

2011.GUGS 108

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITYDefine:1. Solute: A substance dissolved in

another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount.

2. Solvent:

2011.GUGS 109

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITYDefine:1. Solute: A substance dissolved in another

substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount.

2. Solvent: a substance that dissolves another to form a solution; usually the component of a solution present in the greater amount.

2011.GUGS 110

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY

Define the following:1. Unsaturated2. Saturated3. Supersaturated4. Electrolyte

2011.GUGS 111


Define the following:1. Unsaturated: a solution that has

LESS than the maximum amount of solute.

2. Saturated3. Supersaturated4. Electrolyte

2011.GUGS 112


Define the following:1. Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than

the maximum amount of solute.

2. Saturated: a solution that has exactly the maximum amount of solute.

3. Supersaturated: 4. Electrolyte:

2011.GUGS 113


Define the following:1. Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than

the maximum amount of solute.2. Saturated: a solution that has exactly the

maximum amount of solute.

3. Supersaturated: a solution that has MORE than the maximum amount of solute.

4. Electrolyte:

2011.GUGS 114


Define the following:1. Unsaturated: a solution that has LESS than the maximum

amount of solute.2. Saturated: a solution that has exactly the maximum

amount of solute.3. Supersaturated: a solution that has MORE than the

maximum amount of solute.

4. Electrolyte: material containing free ions that can conduct an electrical current. Most electrolytes consist of ions in solution, and they are referred to as ionic solutions.

2011.GUGS 115


If the temperature of a solution with a gaseous solute increases, the solubility ______________.

2011.GUGS 116


If the temperature of a solution with a gaseous solute increases, the solubility decreases.

2011.GUGS 117


If the temperature of a solution with a solids solute increases, the solubility ________________.

2011.GUGS 118


If the temperature of a solution with a solids solute increases, the solubility increases.

2011.GUGS 119


Explain why water is known as the universal solvent.

2011.GUGS 120


Explain why water is known as the universal solvent.

Solutes for the most part are able to dissolve in water with the exception of some solutes like oil.

2011.GUGS 121


Explain what is meant by a polar molecule.Give an example.

2011.GUGS 122


Explain what is meant by a polar molecule.Give an example.A molecule that is positively charged on

one end & negatively charged on the other end.

Water is a polar molecule.

2011.GUGS 123


Explain why water and oil do not mix.

2011.GUGS 124


Explain why water and oil do not mix.Water is polar & oil is non polar.

2011.GUGS 125


Explain how water dissolves ionic compounds.

2011.GUGS 126


Explain how water dissolves ionic compounds.

Polar water molecules attract ions & pull the ionic compound apart.

2011.GUGS 127


COMPLETE THE TABLE:SOLUTE SOLUBLE IN

WATER?SOLUBLE IN

MINERAL OIL?

POLAR OR NON

POLAR?1 YES NO

2 NO YES

3 YES NO

2011.GUGS 128


COMPLETE THE TABLE:SOLUTE SOLUBLE IN

WATER?SOLUBLE IN

MINERAL OIL?

POLAR OR NON

POLAR?1 YES NO POLAR

2 NO YES NON POLAR

3 YES NO POLAR

2011.GUGS 129

SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITY: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS

COMPLETE THE TABLE:SOLUTE DISSOLVES

IN WATER?CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY IN WATER?

IONIC OR MOLECULAR

SOLUTE?1 YES NO

2 YES YES

3 NO NO

2011.GUGS 130




IONIC OR MOLECULAR

SOLUTE?1 YES NO MOLECULAR

2 YES YES

3 NO NO

2011.GUGS 131




IONIC OR MOLECULAR


2 YES YES IONIC

3 NO NO

2011.GUGS 132




IONIC OR MOLECULAR


2 YES YES IONIC

3 NO NO MOLECULAR

2011.GUGS 133


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofpotassium chloride (KCl) at 80oC?

2011.GUGS 134


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofpotassium chloride (KCl) at 80oC?50 grams

2011.GUGS 135


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofAmmonia (NH3) at 20oC?

2011.GUGS 136


Using the graph, what is the solubility ofAmmonia (NH3) at 20oC?52 grams

2011.GUGS 137


Using the graph, what temperature is need to dissolve 10 grams of potassium chlorate, KClO3 in 100 grams of water?

2011.GUGS 138


Using the graph, what temperature is need to dissolve 10 grams of potassium chlorate, KClO3 in 100 grams of water? 20 oC

2011.GUGS 139

pHComplete the table.

pH Acidic, basic, or neutral?

1

5

7

9

13

2011.GUGS 140

pHComplete the table.

pH Acidic, basic, or neutral?

1 acidic

5 acidic

7 neutral

9 basic

13 basic

2011.GUGS 141

pHAn example of a substance that is basic

is .

2011.GUGS 142

pHAn example of a substance that is

acidic is .

2011.GUGS 143

pHAn example of a substance that is

neutral is .

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