Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity
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Transcript of Community Biodiversity Management - Benefits of Biodiversity
Biodiversity and Development COP1111 October 2012
Hugo Lamers & Bhuwon Sthapit
The benefits of native Garcinia and Mangifera species in South and South
East Asia showcasing integrated approach for on-farm (in situ)
conservation and use in practice
Outline presentation
• Importance and benefits of tropical fruit tree diversity• Where is diversity found; focus of the project• On-farm/in-situ conservation; why and how?• CBM approach, methods and tools • Garcinia & Mangifera in Western Ghats India• Take home message
Three type of benefits from TFT diversity
• Fundamental source for new seedling material through open pollination and human & natural selection
• Eco-system services (pollination, lower pest & disease pressure)
• Risk management (economic, agronomic resilience)• Source of food items (nutritional diversity)• Source of non-food items• Source of income
Global
Local
Private
1. Natural forest systems-wild species
2. Buffer zones in protected forests
3. Community forestry/economic forest
4. Home gardens
5. Semi-commercial orchards
6. Commercial orchards
7. Field gene banks
Context: Diverse production systems conserving tree genetic resources!
In-situ
On-farm
Ex-situ
Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity
Why on-farm/in-situ conservation of PGR?
• Allows the evolutionary process to create new diversity through geneflow and human and natural selection
• Enables interaction with other species and vital functions within agro-ecosystems (provision of eco-system services like pollination)
• Conserves and updates the cultural and traditional knowledge that is associated with the species or varieties about its uses, values and characteristics
• Recognizes farmers’ rights - farmers as breeders• Fruit tree species are recalcitrant – seeds loose
germination power in cold ex-situ storage – field gene banks always lack space
Global
Local
Private
On-farm/in-situ conservation through use
• What/which diversity is still there?• Why do people maintain diversity/what are the
benefits of TFT for rural communities?• Who/what are the driving forces or threats?• How is TFT diversity conserved on-farm/in-situ?• How to strengthen and support these practices?
How to intervene?
Agricultural & natural biodiversity
Social & institutional
empowerment
Livelihood benefits & income
CBM
Povertyreduction
Social inclusion
Community Biodiversity Managementkey outputs, tools, process & outcomes
Governance, Rules & Regulations, Recognition
Farm strategies & activities (SLA)
Knowledge, skills & values
Conservation
Driving force
Community Biodiversity Management
Process-led approach:• Consolidating local institutions’ and farmers’ roles• 9 steps from site selection to value addition
Type of Activities:• Documenting diversity• Creating awareness• Set-up local nurseries• Capacity building• Added value activities
Methods & tools:• Four Cell Analysis• Fruit Catalogue/CBR• Diversity fair• Community seed bank• Participatory variety
selection/breeding• Identify good practices• Identify custodian
farmers• Diversity Fund• Rapid Market Appraisal
Ok, but how is it done in the field?
• Salkani Cluster• Kuliveedu Cluster• Kumta Cluster
India
Karnataka State
Uttara Kannada dist
Western Ghats in India one of 34 hotspots of biodiversity
1.165 Households
Mosaic of landscapes: with patches of agricultural land and forests
1. Agricultural biodiversity:Diversity assessment & introduction of wild species in home gardens
CBM
2. Network of grafting experts to conserve the knowledge along unique fruit tree diversity
CBM
3. Social & Institutional empowerment: Village forest committees, betta-land regulations and the right of harvesting
CBM
4. Livelihood benefits & income:Product innovation & sales of traditional mango pickle and kokum jam by local women groups
CBM
Intermediate outcomes & impact 2012
1. Diversity and related knowledge assessed and documented; 48 M. indica (mango) varieties, 3 Garcinia species, 11 types taken up for promotion 8 pickle mango, 2 table mango and 1 Garcinia species (white kokum).
2. Conservation action identified and put in place through grafting experts
3. Village forest committees obtained for first time the right to join tender and won right of harvesting in buffer zone forest in 2012
4. High demand for mango appe midi saplings by local farming households, just as white type of G. indica
4. Women self help groups directly involved in the development and launch of new products like jam, pickle, candles, soap & instant powder for kokum juice
Study sites (4 countries; 22 sites; 36 communities; 15,000 HHs)
https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=214369556852953217892.00049798000cf458ac970&msa=0
Promoting Aroi-aroi Malaysia
Side grafting Thailand
Local food culture Thailand
Flyers produced
Way forward and take home message
• Not everywhere - works best in diversity hotspots
• CBM is challenging & requires shift in paradigm
• CBM is long-term effort – need more research in sentinel sites
• The only holistic & community-based approach to date
• If implemented successfully, it conserves biodiversity while creating multiple benefits such as increased incomes, lower income & harvest risks, enhance eco-system services, improved nutrition, strengthen local institutions, gender equality, recognition of custodianship and resilient communities
Thank you!
Hugo LamersSocio-economics & marketing
Bioversity International
www.bioversityinternational.orgwww.fruits4ever.net
http://tft.atbioversity.net
With many thanks for:Dr. Vasudeva (College of Forestry, Sirsi)Mr. Narasimha Hegde (Lifetrust, SirsiDr. Gajanana (IIHR, Bangalore)