“MALAYAJA” FOR EMPOWERING TRIBAL COMMUNITIES Sri K.Chandramouli,IAS Commissioner,AMR- APARD.
Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training...
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Transcript of Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training...
Community Action for Community Action for DevelopmentDevelopment
Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.DCentre Head, Research &Training
AMR-APARD
Community Action for Community Action for DevelopmentDevelopment
What is communityWhat is community What is developmentWhat is development What is community actionWhat is community action
CommunityCommunity
What comes first in your mind when What comes first in your mind when you think or hear the word you think or hear the word “COMMUNITY” ?“COMMUNITY” ?
What is a Community What is a Community
A Community is a set of A Community is a set of people living together people living together with common interest” with common interest”
We all live in a We all live in a community. There are community. There are different things that bind different things that bind us together. Let us try us together. Let us try to identify them. to identify them.
TerritoryTerritory Sharing resourcesSharing resources Administrative unit Administrative unit LanguageLanguage Religion Religion Culture Culture OccupationOccupation
What is DevelopmentWhat is Development
Development means on Development means on overall positive change in the overall positive change in the physical quality of life. This physical quality of life. This change for better change for better encompasses both economic encompasses both economic and social aspects. and social aspects.
Dimensions of Dimensions of DevelopmentDevelopment
Development has two dimensions Development has two dimensions
EconomicEconomic
Social Social It implies an improvement in It implies an improvement in
quality of life through better quality of life through better health, education, housing and health, education, housing and overall material and social welfare. overall material and social welfare.
Development Projects Development Projects
An analysis of development projects An analysis of development projects that have failed in the past shows that have failed in the past shows that failure occurs because: that failure occurs because:
the people concerned were not the people concerned were not involved in the planning, involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of implementation and monitoring of programmes which affected their programmes which affected their lives;lives;
there was an insufficient level of there was an insufficient level of participation of the beneficiaries.participation of the beneficiaries.
Community Action Community Action
Community action refers to the process Community action refers to the process of building social relationships in pursuit of building social relationships in pursuit of common community interests. of common community interests.
Community action is seen as being the Community action is seen as being the foundation of the community foundation of the community development process. development process.
Community development seeks to Community development seeks to empower individuals and groups of empower individuals and groups of people by providing these groups with people by providing these groups with the skills they need to affect change in the skills they need to affect change in their own communities. their own communities.
Community Action Community Action
Prepare to scale up
Prepare to mobilize Organize the community For action
Evaluate together
Explore the common issue & Set priorities
Act together
Plan together
Steps in Community Steps in Community ActionAction
Step 1: Step 1: Identify the problem/issue.Identify the problem/issue. Step 2: Step 2: select a strategy to solve the select a strategy to solve the
problemproblem Step 3: Step 3: Community MobilizationCommunity Mobilization Step 4: Step 4: Implementation through Implementation through
people’s participationpeople’s participation Step 5: Step 5: Assess the results and improveAssess the results and improve
Selecting Core AreasSelecting Core Areas
Identify core areas of community Identify core areas of community developmentdevelopment
PovertyPoverty Health – Maternal and child mortality, HIV/AIDs, Health – Maternal and child mortality, HIV/AIDs,
MalariaMalaria Education – Pre-primary, primary, secondaryEducation – Pre-primary, primary, secondary Women empowermentWomen empowerment Water and SanitationWater and Sanitation Prohibition of Alcohol Prohibition of Alcohol Agriculture and allied sectorAgriculture and allied sector Skill Improvement Skill Improvement
Prepare to mobilizePrepare to mobilize
Identify a common issue that the Identify a common issue that the whole community can get involvedwhole community can get involved
Gather information about the issue Gather information about the issue and the communityand the community
Identify resources and constraintsIdentify resources and constraints
Select a strategy Select a strategy
Depending on problem, plan for Depending on problem, plan for community dialogue and select a community dialogue and select a strategy.strategy.
Some problemsSome problems– require sensitization on the issue.require sensitization on the issue.– call for mobilization of communitycall for mobilization of community– need interaction with individual family need interaction with individual family
members.members.
Community Community mobilizationmobilization
A process whereby a group of people A process whereby a group of people become aware of a shared concern or become aware of a shared concern or common need and decide to take common need and decide to take action in order to create shared action in order to create shared benefits. benefits.
A continual and cumulative process A continual and cumulative process that involves communication, that involves communication, education, and organization, which education, and organization, which together lead to community action and together lead to community action and development. development.
Community
Community Community mobilizationmobilization
OutsideGroup
MobilizationParticipation Empowerment
Capacity building
resources
linkages
Key Task involved in Key Task involved in Community Community Mobilization Mobilization
Developing an on-going dialogue Developing an on-going dialogue between community membersbetween community members
Creating or strengthening Creating or strengthening community organizations community organizations (Committees etc.)(Committees etc.)
Creating an environment in which Creating an environment in which individuals can empower themselves individuals can empower themselves to address their own and their to address their own and their community’s needscommunity’s needs
Promoting community members’ Promoting community members’ participationparticipation
ImplementationImplementation
Implementation and constant Implementation and constant monitoringmonitoring
Assess the resultsAssess the results Revise the strategy wherever Revise the strategy wherever
necessarynecessary Scale up Scale up
Community mobilization – model filmCommunity mobilization – model film
Who are you?Who are you?
You are working for people, with You are working for people, with people as a Bharat Nirman people as a Bharat Nirman Volunteer, Volunteer, and and so…so…
What is your role?What is your role?
How can you help the people in the How can you help the people in the community?community?
Facilitator Facilitator
A pearl is beautiful but alone it A pearl is beautiful but alone it doesn't make a necklace. It is doesn't make a necklace. It is the thread which makes the the thread which makes the necklacenecklace
A facilitatorA facilitator
Role of BNVRole of BNV
BNV is community mobilizer. A mobilizer is BNV is community mobilizer. A mobilizer is a person who mobilizes, i.e. gets things a person who mobilizes, i.e. gets things moving. Social animator. A Catalyst moving. Social animator. A Catalyst
Bringing People TogetherBringing People Together Building TrustBuilding Trust Encouraging ParticipationEncouraging Participation Facilitating Discussion and Decision-Facilitating Discussion and Decision-
makingmaking Helping Things to Run Smoothly . Helping Things to Run Smoothly . Facilitation in community mobilization Facilitation in community mobilization
process process
Skills needed for Skills needed for BNVBNV
Attitudes include:Attitudes include: a willingness to examine and challenge a willingness to examine and challenge
their own assumptions, opinions and their own assumptions, opinions and beliefsbeliefs
a genuine respect for all community a genuine respect for all community membersmembers
a non- judgmental and accepting approacha non- judgmental and accepting approach an understanding that different people an understanding that different people
have different views and perspectiveshave different views and perspectives a belief in community capacity to take a belief in community capacity to take
effective action.effective action.
……..continued..continued
Skills include:Skills include: good communication skills, especially good communication skills, especially
listeninglistening good facilitation skills to enable good facilitation skills to enable
communities to conduct their own analysis communities to conduct their own analysis of their lives and situationsof their lives and situations
techniques to help facilitation awareness of techniques to help facilitation awareness of political, gender and cultural issues and political, gender and cultural issues and relationshipsrelationships
an ability to challenge assumptions an ability to challenge assumptions sensitively (e.g. about the role of women). sensitively (e.g. about the role of women).
……continued continued
Knowledge includes:Knowledge includes: the community mobilization processthe community mobilization process the principles of community the principles of community
mobilizationmobilization knowledge of Education related knowledge of Education related
Issues and problems, causes and Issues and problems, causes and effectseffects
understanding of the ethical issues understanding of the ethical issues related to community mobilization. .related to community mobilization. .
Conflict management Conflict management
Conflict is an inevitable result of Conflict is an inevitable result of social interaction and is not social interaction and is not necessarily negative. A distinction necessarily negative. A distinction must be made between positive must be made between positive and negative aspects of conflict. and negative aspects of conflict. When constructively managed, When constructively managed, conflict may lead to clearer ideas, conflict may lead to clearer ideas, innovative solutions and increased innovative solutions and increased effectiveness and commitment. effectiveness and commitment.
Factors contributing to conflictFactors contributing to conflict1)1) Diverse groupsDiverse groups
2)2) Strategic disagreementStrategic disagreement
3)3) Competition between groups Competition between groups
4)4) Unreasonable expectations Unreasonable expectations
5)5) Lack of common understanding Lack of common understanding
6)6) Goal conflictGoal conflict
7)7) Poor communication skills Poor communication skills
8)8) Unclear/unfair expectationsUnclear/unfair expectations
9)9) Power-plays and manipulationPower-plays and manipulation
ConclusionConclusion
Community action needs Community action needs continuous effortscontinuous efforts
Using its available resources for Using its available resources for the community effectivelythe community effectively
Obtaining support from the Obtaining support from the community,community,
Explore cooperation with other Explore cooperation with other agencies. agencies.
Thank youThank you