Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training...

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Community Action Community Action for Development for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD

Transcript of Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training...

Page 1: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Community Action for Community Action for DevelopmentDevelopment

Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.DCentre Head, Research &Training

AMR-APARD

Page 2: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Community Action for Community Action for DevelopmentDevelopment

What is communityWhat is community What is developmentWhat is development What is community actionWhat is community action

Page 3: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

CommunityCommunity

What comes first in your mind when What comes first in your mind when you think or hear the word you think or hear the word “COMMUNITY” ?“COMMUNITY” ?

Page 4: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

What is a Community What is a Community

A Community is a set of A Community is a set of people living together people living together with common interest” with common interest”

We all live in a We all live in a community. There are community. There are different things that bind different things that bind us together. Let us try us together. Let us try to identify them. to identify them.

TerritoryTerritory Sharing resourcesSharing resources Administrative unit Administrative unit LanguageLanguage Religion Religion Culture Culture OccupationOccupation

Page 5: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

What is DevelopmentWhat is Development

Development means on Development means on overall positive change in the overall positive change in the physical quality of life. This physical quality of life. This change for better change for better encompasses both economic encompasses both economic and social aspects. and social aspects.

Page 6: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Dimensions of Dimensions of DevelopmentDevelopment

Development has two dimensions Development has two dimensions

EconomicEconomic

Social Social It implies an improvement in It implies an improvement in

quality of life through better quality of life through better health, education, housing and health, education, housing and overall material and social welfare. overall material and social welfare.

Page 7: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Development Projects Development Projects

An analysis of development projects An analysis of development projects that have failed in the past shows that have failed in the past shows that failure occurs because: that failure occurs because:

the people concerned were not the people concerned were not involved in the planning, involved in the planning, implementation and monitoring of implementation and monitoring of programmes which affected their programmes which affected their lives;lives;

there was an insufficient level of there was an insufficient level of participation of the beneficiaries.participation of the beneficiaries.

Page 8: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Community Action Community Action

Community action refers to the process Community action refers to the process of building social relationships in pursuit of building social relationships in pursuit of common community interests. of common community interests.

Community action is seen as being the Community action is seen as being the foundation of the community foundation of the community development process. development process.

Community development seeks to Community development seeks to empower individuals and groups of empower individuals and groups of people by providing these groups with people by providing these groups with the skills they need to affect change in the skills they need to affect change in their own communities. their own communities.

Page 9: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Community Action Community Action

Prepare to scale up

Prepare to mobilize Organize the community For action

Evaluate together

Explore the common issue & Set priorities

Act together

Plan together

Page 10: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Steps in Community Steps in Community ActionAction

Step 1: Step 1: Identify the problem/issue.Identify the problem/issue. Step 2: Step 2: select a strategy to solve the select a strategy to solve the

problemproblem Step 3: Step 3: Community MobilizationCommunity Mobilization Step 4: Step 4: Implementation through Implementation through

people’s participationpeople’s participation Step 5: Step 5: Assess the results and improveAssess the results and improve

Page 11: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Selecting Core AreasSelecting Core Areas

Identify core areas of community Identify core areas of community developmentdevelopment

PovertyPoverty Health – Maternal and child mortality, HIV/AIDs, Health – Maternal and child mortality, HIV/AIDs,

MalariaMalaria Education – Pre-primary, primary, secondaryEducation – Pre-primary, primary, secondary Women empowermentWomen empowerment Water and SanitationWater and Sanitation Prohibition of Alcohol Prohibition of Alcohol Agriculture and allied sectorAgriculture and allied sector Skill Improvement Skill Improvement

Page 12: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Prepare to mobilizePrepare to mobilize

Identify a common issue that the Identify a common issue that the whole community can get involvedwhole community can get involved

Gather information about the issue Gather information about the issue and the communityand the community

Identify resources and constraintsIdentify resources and constraints

Page 13: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Select a strategy Select a strategy

Depending on problem, plan for Depending on problem, plan for community dialogue and select a community dialogue and select a strategy.strategy.

Some problemsSome problems– require sensitization on the issue.require sensitization on the issue.– call for mobilization of communitycall for mobilization of community– need interaction with individual family need interaction with individual family

members.members.

Page 14: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Community Community mobilizationmobilization

A process whereby a group of people A process whereby a group of people become aware of a shared concern or become aware of a shared concern or common need and decide to take common need and decide to take action in order to create shared action in order to create shared benefits. benefits.

A continual and cumulative process A continual and cumulative process that involves communication, that involves communication, education, and organization, which education, and organization, which together lead to community action and together lead to community action and development. development.

Page 15: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Community

Community Community mobilizationmobilization

OutsideGroup

MobilizationParticipation Empowerment

Capacity building

resources

linkages

Page 16: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Key Task involved in Key Task involved in Community Community Mobilization Mobilization

Developing an on-going dialogue Developing an on-going dialogue between community membersbetween community members

Creating or strengthening Creating or strengthening community organizations community organizations (Committees etc.)(Committees etc.)

Creating an environment in which Creating an environment in which individuals can empower themselves individuals can empower themselves to address their own and their to address their own and their community’s needscommunity’s needs

Promoting community members’ Promoting community members’ participationparticipation

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ImplementationImplementation

Implementation and constant Implementation and constant monitoringmonitoring

Assess the resultsAssess the results Revise the strategy wherever Revise the strategy wherever

necessarynecessary Scale up Scale up

Page 18: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Community mobilization – model filmCommunity mobilization – model film

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Who are you?Who are you?

You are working for people, with You are working for people, with people as a Bharat Nirman people as a Bharat Nirman Volunteer, Volunteer, and and so…so…

What is your role?What is your role?

How can you help the people in the How can you help the people in the community?community?

Page 20: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Facilitator Facilitator

A pearl is beautiful but alone it A pearl is beautiful but alone it doesn't make a necklace. It is doesn't make a necklace. It is the thread which makes the the thread which makes the necklacenecklace

Page 21: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

A facilitatorA facilitator

Page 22: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Role of BNVRole of BNV

BNV is community mobilizer. A mobilizer is BNV is community mobilizer. A mobilizer is a person who mobilizes, i.e. gets things a person who mobilizes, i.e. gets things moving. Social animator. A Catalyst moving. Social animator. A Catalyst

Bringing People TogetherBringing People Together Building TrustBuilding Trust Encouraging ParticipationEncouraging Participation Facilitating Discussion and Decision-Facilitating Discussion and Decision-

makingmaking Helping Things to Run Smoothly . Helping Things to Run Smoothly . Facilitation in community mobilization Facilitation in community mobilization

process process

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Skills needed for Skills needed for BNVBNV

Attitudes include:Attitudes include: a willingness to examine and challenge a willingness to examine and challenge

their own assumptions, opinions and their own assumptions, opinions and beliefsbeliefs

a genuine respect for all community a genuine respect for all community membersmembers

a non- judgmental and accepting approacha non- judgmental and accepting approach an understanding that different people an understanding that different people

have different views and perspectiveshave different views and perspectives a belief in community capacity to take a belief in community capacity to take

effective action.effective action.

Page 24: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

……..continued..continued

Skills include:Skills include: good communication skills, especially good communication skills, especially

listeninglistening good facilitation skills to enable good facilitation skills to enable

communities to conduct their own analysis communities to conduct their own analysis of their lives and situationsof their lives and situations

techniques to help facilitation awareness of techniques to help facilitation awareness of political, gender and cultural issues and political, gender and cultural issues and relationshipsrelationships

an ability to challenge assumptions an ability to challenge assumptions sensitively (e.g. about the role of women). sensitively (e.g. about the role of women).

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……continued continued

Knowledge includes:Knowledge includes: the community mobilization processthe community mobilization process the principles of community the principles of community

mobilizationmobilization knowledge of Education related knowledge of Education related

Issues and problems, causes and Issues and problems, causes and effectseffects

understanding of the ethical issues understanding of the ethical issues related to community mobilization. .related to community mobilization. .

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Conflict management Conflict management

Conflict is an inevitable result of Conflict is an inevitable result of social interaction and is not social interaction and is not necessarily negative. A distinction necessarily negative. A distinction must be made between positive must be made between positive and negative aspects of conflict. and negative aspects of conflict. When constructively managed, When constructively managed, conflict may lead to clearer ideas, conflict may lead to clearer ideas, innovative solutions and increased innovative solutions and increased effectiveness and commitment. effectiveness and commitment.

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Factors contributing to conflictFactors contributing to conflict1)1) Diverse groupsDiverse groups

2)2) Strategic disagreementStrategic disagreement

3)3) Competition between groups Competition between groups

4)4) Unreasonable expectations Unreasonable expectations

5)5) Lack of common understanding Lack of common understanding

6)6) Goal conflictGoal conflict

7)7) Poor communication skills Poor communication skills

8)8) Unclear/unfair expectationsUnclear/unfair expectations

9)9) Power-plays and manipulationPower-plays and manipulation

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ConclusionConclusion

Community action needs Community action needs continuous effortscontinuous efforts

Using its available resources for Using its available resources for the community effectivelythe community effectively

Obtaining support from the Obtaining support from the community,community,

Explore cooperation with other Explore cooperation with other agencies. agencies.

Page 29: Community Action for Development Dr. C. Krishna Mohan Rao, Ph.D Centre Head, Research &Training AMR-APARD.

Thank youThank you