COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ... · COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA...

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIADEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES

200 Pine StreetWilliamsport, PA 17701-6510

January 12, 1994SDMS DocID 2008174

Northcentral Regional Office

William D. SteutevilleU. S. Environmental Protection AgencyRegion III841 Chestnut BuildingPhiladelphia, PA 19107

RE: Logan BranchStream File 22997

Dear Bill:

As promised in yesterday's meeting, I am forwarding copies of some of our Logan Branch streamdata to all parties represented at the meeting. We believe this data supports our position that the benthicmacroinvertebrate community has been depressed in Logan Branch adjacent to Cerro for a long time.

Although absolute numbers of crustaceans may be higher in the most recent collection (1992)than in earlier collections (1978 and 1988), the spatial trend of drastic population reduction adjacent toCerro plants 4 and 1 is constant. I would not say that this data indicates any strong temporal trend ofimproving community health. A chronically toxic condition is indicated.

Because this data dates back to the early 1970's, it is hard for me to see the non-human healthaspects of the problem as an emergency. It is also somewhat embarrassing that we have not succeededin correcting the problem. As some of these reports indicate, correct causal relationships have beenelusive.

Also, I cannot resist this opportunity to re-state my position on stream sediment removal. I fear Iwas not clear yesterday. My position depends on which philosophy of site remediation prevails. If theCerro site could be stabilized within 12 to 18 months such that off-site migration of PCBs, lead, copper,and zinc were curtailed, I favor postponement of full scale stream sediment removal until the site isstabilized.

IAn Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer A R I 0006 i RecyctedPaper

William D. Steuteville -2- January 12, 1994

If site assessment and stabilization take longer, I favor removal of easily vacuumed deposits assoon as possible with the caveat that a re-visit may be necessary- after site stabilization. Of course, anydeposits that pose unreasonable threats to human health should be removed as they are found.

If you have any questions about any of this material, feel free to call me at 717-327-3660.

Sincerely,

Ronald E. HugheyAquatic BiologistWater Management Program

Enclosures

cc: Mark HerschMark HartleJim VaianaTom Schmick

RH/sks

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COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIAJanuary 23, 1989

SUBJECT: Aquatic Biological InvestigationLogan Branch - 22997June/July, 1988Centre County

Daniel L. AltersChief, Operations Section

TO:

FROM: Ronald E. HugheyAquatic BiologistBureau of Water Quality ManagementWilliamsport Regional Office

During June & July of 1988, I conducted an aquatic biological investigationon Logan Branch of Spring Creek in Centre County. A number of questionsprompted the investigation. The Corning Glass, Inc. industrial wastetreatment plant and Rockview Correctional Institute boiler blow downdischarges enter the head of Logan Branch without benefit of dilution. Thefirst dilution for these discharges consists of two springs that surface ona farm (Cullen's farm) just west of Pleasant Gap. These springs are about2 miles downstream from Coming's discharge. The Pennsylvania FishCommission Pleasant Gap hatchery is located just downstream from Cullen'sfarm and has four permitted outfalls between river mile 4.0 and 3.5. TheCerro Metals, Inc. discharge enters the lower end (river mile 0.3) ofLogan Branch via an unnamed spring run. In addition, polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs) have been found in fish flesh and sediments from LoganBranch, as well as on Cerro1s property. The purpose of this investigationwas to determine the health of Logan Branch's aquatic community inreference to these assaults.

Study Area

USGS topographical maps indicate that Logan Branch originates on NittanyMountairv-4toout 2.5 miles south of Pleasant Gap. I have never found anynatural Tfow 1n the channel upstream from a spring that discharges onCullen'sLfann about 0.5 miles southeast of Pleasant Gap. For purposes ofpermlttfftg, we have designated Cullen's Spring as the point of first usefor Logan Branch. The discrepancy between my observations and USGS mapsmay result from excessive water withdrawals by Rockview CorrectionalInstitute at their McBrlde Gap reservoir on Nittany Mountain.

Located entirely within Centre County, Logan Branch flows north fromCullen's Spring through Benner and Spring Townsships before joining SpringCreek in the Borough of Bellefonte. Its length, from our designated pointof first use, is 4.5 miles and its fall 1s 36 feet per mile. The streamtraverses a narrow and crooked valley and Is fed by a number of limestonesprings. Land use in the valley is primarly residential and lightindustrial with agriculture dominating on the hilltops. Logan Branch isclassified as a cold water fishery and is stocked by the Pennsylvania FishCommission.

ARI00085

Aquatic Biological InvestigationLogan Branch - 22997June/July, 1988Centre CountyPage 2January 23, 1989

Methods

The benthic macroi nvertebrate community was sampled and used to indicatethe health of Logan Branch. Much of Logan Branch has a sand-silt substratethat is not optimal for benthic macroinvertebrate colonization. In otherareas gravel-cobble substrates provide fair to good benthic habitat. Inorder to avoid the bias of different quality substrates, I used artificalsubstrate samplers in this study. The samplers were constructed from 3" by3" hardboard squares threaded on long bolts (Hester & Dendy, 1962). Eachsampler contained 8 squares and exposed approximately 1 sq. ft. of surfacearea. The three bottom plates were separated by 1/4" gaps and theremainder by 1/8" gaps. They were anchored by driving the long bolt intothe substrate such that the bottom plate of the sampler was about 1/4" fromthe stream bottom. The samplers were placed randomly within designatedsampling stations but always in areas that were 8" to 18" deep and invelocities ranging from 2 to 3 feet per second.

Four samplers were placed at each of 10 stations on June 16, 1988. Afteran 8 week colonization period, 38 samplers were retrieved and washed downin the field. The contents were preserved with formalin and returned tothe laboratory for sorting and enumeration. Two samplers were lost atstation 7. A student intern, Anthony Prosseda, assisted with the fieldwork and sample sorting. I did all the identifications and enumerations.I also measured the biomass of each sample by volume displacement. I usedvolume displacement instead of dry weights because neither oven noranalytical balance were conveniently available.

The station means for biomass, total individuals and some of the major taxagroups were compared by univariate analysis of varience and Fisher's leastsignificant differences (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967). The log normal(X -t- 1) transformation was applied to the data prior to analysis(Elliot, 1971). The differences were considered significant at P <0.05.

_. i.: Results•v

A glanc%at Figures 2 and 3 is revealing. The upper (stations 1, 2 and 3)and lower (stations 7, 8, 9 and 10) reaches of Logan Branch werecharacterized by very low biomass and few individuals. These stationsapproached sterility and indicated varying degrees of chronic toxicity.The middle reach (stations 4, 5 and 6) had high biomass and densepopulations, primarily of crustaceans and hydropsychid caddisflies.Collections at these stations were characteristic of a limestone streamwith some indication of organic enrichment at station 4. The number oftaxa (Figure 4) followed a similar but less marked trend, dampened by thecharacteristic low diversity of limestone streams. Given thatintroduction, I'll discuss conditions found at the individual stations intedious detail. All readers, other than my immediate supervisor, areinvited to skip to the discussion at the end.

ARI00086


Station 1 was located at river mile 4.5 and just upstream from the firstspring on Cullen's farm. Consequently, the stream flow was primarilyeffluent from the Corning and Rockview discharges. Principal land use inthe immediate area was agricultural. Riparian vegetation was mostly grass,weeds and shrubs which shaded about 50% of the stream. The banks werestable. The average stream width was about 8' and depths ranged from 8" inriffles to 12" in pools. The bottom substrate was about 10% boulders,10% rubble, 30% clay and 50% muck. I don't know if the muck was naturalsilt deposition or related to the discharges. Dense growths of Potomogetonand moderate growths of filamentous green algae stabilized the muck deposits

Average number of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volume were5.5, 42 arid 0.18 ml, respectively. Flatworms, orthocladan midges andpulmonate snails, in that order, were the most numerous groups (Figure 5).The collections were abnormally sparse and lacked most of themacroinvertebrates normally found in stream samples. I believe some toxicfactor was limiting.

Station 2 was located at river mile 4.4 and approximately 1,000' belowCullen's spring. Flow from this spring is about equal to the flow abovethe spring (Corning flow data). Therefore, Corning and Rockview effluentmake up about 50% of the stream flow at station 2 under normal flowconditions. Principal land use in the immediate area was agricultural.Riparian vegetation was mostly weeds and grass and shaded no more than 10%of the stream. Average stream width was about 8'. Average depths wereabout 8" in riffles and 12" in pools. The substrate composition was about20% rubble, 60% clay and 20% muck. Growths of watercress and filamentousgreen algae were dense. Lemna, Elodea and Potomogeton were present inmoderate quantities.

Average number of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volume were5.8, 96 and 0.45 m\# respectively. Individuals and volume weresignificantly higher than at station 1 but were very low relative to themiddle rfteh of the stream. Flatworms, pulmonate snails and midgesdominate*the samples. The community was not normal and Indicated a toxiccondttlorV. -

With perfect hindsight, I now see that I should have placed samplers in theshort spring run draining Cullen's spring. At the time, I felt that we hadalready put out more samplers than we could process. However, on the daythat we retrieved the samplers, I made some qualitative observations in thespring run. The run was about 20' wide and 4" deep. The substrate wasabout 20% boulders and 80% silt. The run was not shaded and was chokedwith growths of filamentous green algae, watercress and Potomogeton.Sparse growths of Fontlnails were also present. More important, I found anabundance of crustaceans (Lirceus and Gammarus), numerous midges andflatwprms, as well as some blackflies, snails, and leeches. The abundanceof crustaceans was a stark contrast to the collections made at stations 1

A R I 00087


Station 3 was located at river mile 4.3 and just downstream from adiversion dam at the upper end of the Pennsylvania Fish Commission PleasantGap facility. Blue Spring enters Logan Branch between stations 2 and 3 andthe stream appeared to have almost twice the flow as at station 2. At thispoint, the stream was confined between a hatchery raceway dike and arailroad bed giving it a channelized appearance. The banks were stable.The average width was about 12' and depths ranged from 8" in riffles to 18"in pools. Riparian vegetation was weeds and grass on the hatchery side andshrubs and trees on the railroad side. About 25% of the channel wasshaded. Substrate conditions were good. Composition was 10% boulders, 20%rubble, 20% gravel, 30% sand and 20% silt. Aquatic vegetation was denseand included filamentous green algae, Potomogeton, Lemna, Fissidens,El odea, and watercress.

The average number of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volumewere 9.5, 68 and 0.38 ml, respectively. Other than a decline inflatworm numbers, samples from this station were very similar to those fromstation 2. In spite of increased dilution, the community seemed depressedby a chronically toxic condition.

I made some qualitative macroi nvertebrate collections near station 3 inApril of 1986 (memo dated November 6, 1986). At that time, I found anabundance of crustaceans and diamesan midges. The collection was notparticularly diverse or sensitive but it indicated a much higher biomassthan found in this investigation. The decline in crustacean populationsfrom 1986 to 1988 may indicate a decline in water quality.

Station 4 was located at river mile 3.6 and about 500' downstream fromPennsylvania Fish Commission outfall 004. Land use in the area consistedof the hatchery and one dairy farm immediately upstream from this station.Riparian vegetation was primarily grass and weeds with scattered trees.About 20% of the stream was covered by canapty. The average stream widthwas 20l*t*nd depths ranged from 12" in riffles to 24" in pools. Thesubstrftt composition was about 15% boulders, 15% rubble, 15% gravel, 15%sand 4fcfc 40% silt. Filamentous green algae and Potomogeton were dense.

Average number of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volume were10.7, 1,341 and 9.8 ml, respectively. The difference in these samples andthose collected at stations 1, 2 and 3 had to be seen to be believed. Theleast replicate from station 4 had more biomass than all the replicatesfrom stations 1, 2 and 3 combined. Dense populations of crustaceans(Lirceus and Gamma rus) and flatwortns made up the bulk of the biomass. Alsonumerous were snails, mayflies, blackflies and midges. Dense populationsof crustaceans are a characteristic of limestone streams, but in this caseI think the density was enhanced by organic enrichment from the hatcherydischarge. The hatchery discharge also seemed to provide the dilutionneeded to neutralize the toxic condition occurring above the hatchery.Organically enriched is preferable to sterile.

ARI00088


Station 5 was located at river mile 2.3 and about 500' upstream from AxemanSpring. Principal land use in the immediate area was residential and lightindustrial. Riparian vegetation was lawn grass and shade trees.Approximately 60% of the stream channel was shaded. The banks were stableand in some places riprapped. The average stream width was about 18' anddepths ranged from 12" in riffles to 30" in pools. The bottom substratewas about 30% boulders, 15% rubble, 15% gravel, 30% sand and 10% silt.Fontinalis and diatoms were moderately dense on rock substrates. Sparsegrowths of Potomogeton and Elodea were also present.

The average number of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volumewere 12.0, 556 and 2.0 ml, respectively. The biomass and density numberswere significantly lower than station 4 but they were an order of magnitudeand significantly higher than stations 1, 2 and 3. Crustaceans wereabundant but not dominant at this station. Hydropsychid caddisflies werethe dominant group with a mean density of 267 per sq. ft. I don't know whycommunity dominance shifted from crustaceans toward caddisflies but it maybe related to distance from the last major spring discharge. Dominanceshifted back to crustaceans below Axeman Spring. Mayflies were also commonat station 5 and the collection was characteristic of healthy conditions.

Station 6 was located at river mile 1.6 and about 1,000' upstream fromCerro's upper plant. Principal land use in the immediate area wasresidential and light industrial. Riparian vegetation was an even mix ofweeds, shrubs and trees. Approximately 40% of the stream channel wasshaded. The banks were moderately stable. The average stream width wasabout 30' and depths ranged from 12" in riffles to 24" 1n pools. Thebottom substrate was about 10% boulders, 20% rubble, 35% gravel, 25% sandand 10% silt. Fontinalis growths were moderate. Sparse growths ofwatercr«ts» ValTsonerla and filgmenteous green algae were also present.

?Averag* mnfoer of taxa, individuals per sq. ft. and sample volume were10.8, Sl2 and 5.1 mV, respectively. Biomass and density were intermediatebetween stations 4 and 5. Biomass was not significantly different fromstation 4 and density was not significantly different from stations 4 or 5.Crustaceans dominated the collection and I think they were responding tothe Axeman Spring discharge. I believe the dense population of crustaceansat station 4 was a response to the Pennsylvania F1sh Commission dischargewhich 1s essentially enriched spring water. Caddisflies, mayflies andflatworms were also common at station 6 indicating healthy streamconditions.

flRI00089


Station 7 was located at river mile 0.8 and adjacent to the upstream end ofCerro's Plant #1. The principal land use in the immediate area wasindustrial. Riparian vegetation included shrubs on the west bank and thestone wall of Cerro's Plant #1 on the east bank. Approximately 30% of thestream channel was shaded. The stream was confined between the stone walland a railroad bed, therefore, the banks were quite stable. The averagestream width was about 30' and depths ranged from 12" in riffles to 24" inpools. The bottom substrate was about 20% boulders, 10% rubble,10% gravel, 35% sand and 25% silt. Fontinalis was moderately dense.Potomogeton and periphyton were sparse.

The average number of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volumewere 13.5, 270 and 0.4 ml, respectively. Density at this station wassignificantly lower than at stations 4 and 6, but not 5. However, biomasswas significantly lower than at stations 4, 5 and 6. The density valueswere a bit deceptive because of the high numbers of blackflies and midgesat this station. Blackflies and midges are relatively small organisms.The larger curstaceans and caddisflies that were dominant at stations 4, 5and 6 were conspicuously absent here. Mayfly density was. alsosignificantly lower than at stations 4, 5 and 6. A chronic toxic conditionwas indicated at station 7.

Station 8 was located at river mile 0.5 and just upstream from the railroadbridge at the lower end of Cerro's property. Principal land use in theimmediate area was industrial. The stream was confined between the highwayembankment on the east and fill supporting the Cerro site on the west.Consequently, the banks were stable. Riparian vegetation included enoughtrees and shrubs to shade about 30% of the channel. The average streamwidth was about 30' and average depth ranged from 12" in riffles to 36" inpools. The bottom substrate was about 10% boulders, 10% rubble, 30%gravel, 301 sand and 20% silt. Fontinalis, Potomogeton and watercressgrowths ere moderate. Periphyton was sparse.

of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volume were7.5, 3?rand 0.1 ml, respectively. Biomass and density were significantlylower than at mldreach stations 4, 5 and 6 but were not significantlydifferent from most upper and lower reach stations. Midges dominated thecollection. Mayflies and caddisflies were absent and crustaceans werescarce. A toxic condition was indicated.

Station 9 was not actually in Logan Branch but 1n the spring run thatreceives Cerro's treated effluent. This spring enters Logan Branch atriver mile 0.3 between stations 8 and 10. The samplers were located about30' upstream from the spring's confluence with Logan Branch. Land use inthe immediate area was industrial and residential. Riparian vegetation was

ARI00090


mostly shrubs and weeds which shaded about 20% of the spring channel.The spring run was about 10' wide, 12" deep in riffles and 24" deep inpools. Bottom substrate was about 20% boulders, 10% gravel, 10% sand, 30%clay and 30% muck. Fontinalis was dense and watercress growths weremoderate. Other periphyton was sparse.

Average number of taxa, individuals per square foot and sample volume were8.0, 42 and 0.1 ml, respectively. Biomass and density were significantlylower than at mid-reach stations 4, 5 and 6 but were not significantlydifferent from most upper and lower reach stations. Midges and mayflieswere about the only groups present. Midges dominated the collection butthere were also a fair number of mayflies present. Mayflies were, however,significantly fewer in number than in at mid-reach stations. The sparsecollection was characteristic of a toxic condition.

Station 10 was located at river mile 0.2 and just upstream from thePennsylvania Route 26 bridge in Bellefonte. Principal land use in theimmediate area was industrial. The stream banks were mostly fill andriprap and moderately stable. Riparian vegetation included enough treesand shrubs to shade about 30% of the channel. The average'stream width wasabout 30' and depths ranged from 18" in riffles to 36" in pools. Thebottom substrate was about 20% boulders, 10% rubble, 10% gravel, 40% sandand 20% silt. Fontinalis, Potomogeton and watercress growths weremoderate. Periphyton and Valisoneria were sparse. The average number oftaxa, individuals per square foot and sample volume were 8.5, 99 and0.2 ml, respectively. Biomass and density were significantly lower than atmid-reach stations 4, 5 and 6 but were not significantly different frommost upper and lower reach stations. Blackflies and midges dominated thecollection. Some flatworms and mayflies were also present. The collectionwas sparse and characteristic of a chronically toxic condition.

Discussion

Logan Branch 1s the result of limestone springs mixed with a little surfacewater. The degree of groundwater influence can be inferred from the watertemperatures (Figure 6) measured on the day we collected our substratesamplers. Temperature ranged from 12°C at station 9 to 22°C at station 1.The stream got progressively colder with distance downstream as more andlarger springs entered 1t. These temperatures were taken on the same dayfrom upstream to downstream. Therefore, the high temperatures weremeasured earlier in the day than the lower temperatures and differenceswere not the result of Insolation. Dips 1n the temperature curve indicatedmajor groundwater influences at stations 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Station 9 wasa spring. The point I want to make here is that the crustacean communityso commonly associated with limestone springs seemed to respond togroundwater inputs at stations 4 and 6 and was observed to be common inCullen's spring run above station 2. It did not respond to springdischarges at stations 2, 8, 9 and 10 nor was it present at stations 3and 7- AR I 0009 I


To restate the result, the upper reach of Logan Branch (river mile 4.5-4.3)was essentially sterile. The middle reach (river mile 3.6-1.6) supportedan abundant macroinvertebrate community generally characteristic of alimestone stream. The lower reach (river mile 0.8-0.2) was alsoessentially sterile. There were large differences in substrate quality atsome of these stations. Admittedly, all the mid-reach stations with highpopulations had good, habitable substrates. Some of the near sterilestations did not have good substrate, but others did. All stations hadample aquatic vegetation which is a preferred habitat of Gammarus andLirceus. I don't think habitat differences can explain the largedifferences in communities that colonized our artifical substrates. Ibelieve chronic toxicity was the difference.

Coincidental to this investigation, the Pennsylvania Fish Commission wasstudying fish populations in Logan Branch (personal communication,Martin Marcincko). During June of 1988, their crews electrofished thelength of Logan Branch beginning in Bellefonte (near my station 10) andending at the Plesant Gap hatchery (near my station 4). They observed astriking difference in the condition of trout and the abundance of sculpinsbehind the Cerro complex when compared to upstream reaches. Statisticalanalysis revealed that mean condition factor for brown trout in the lowerreach (comparable to my stations 7, 8 and 10) was significantly lower thanfor brown trout found upstream (comparable to my station 6). The sculpincatch per hour was 80, 60 and 270 near Cerro. The 270 figure came from theupstream end of the Cerro complex. At two stream segments furtherupstream, the catch of sculpins was 724 and 2,476 per hour. Our data isamazingly complementary considering that there was no planned coordination.The similarity of our findings is also impressive. Fish populations inlower Logan Branch were depressed either directly by the factor(s) thatwere limiting the invertebrates and/or they were limited indirectly byscarcity of food organisms.

Recommendations

This study does not establish causal relationships. It strongly suggeststhat we shouTd look for sources of toxic substances in the upper and lowerreaches of Logan Branch. These substances are likely to be present in lowconcentrations and perhaps only intermittently. The easiest place to startis in the upper reach with the point source discharges, Corning andRockview. I recommend that effluent biomonitoring conditions be added tothose permits. Further action in the upper reach would be contingent onthose biomonitoring results.

The lower reach is not so easy. Cerro, by its proximity to the problemseems the most likely suspect, but what is the causitive agent? Thisproblem seems to start above station 7 and there are no known point sources

ARI00092


immediately upstream. We have found PCBs on Cerro's property upstream fromstation 7 and in Logan Branch sediment collected near stations 7, 8 and 10.PCBs are known for their tendency to bioaccumulate and are chronicallytoxic to Gammarus at aqueous concentrations in the range of 3.3 to 4.9 ppb(Nebeker and Puglisi, 1974). Our stream sediment samples from thedepressed reach contained 3,600 ppb and 220 ppb of PCBs. However, watersamples collected in this area in November of 1987 by Department ofEnvironmental Resources' Central Office staff contained no PCBs. PCBs inthe bottom sediment may or may not be the problem.

We are currently negotiating removal of PCB-contaminated material from theCerro site. That effort will continue regardless of its relationship tothe depressed macroinvertebrate community because of the bioaccumulativenature of PCBs. If PCB contamination of stream sediment is limiting themacrobenthic community, in-stream conditions probably will not improveuntil contaminated sediments are flushed from the stream. It is fortunatethat the depressed reaches of Logan Branch are short relative to the lengthof the stream*

The same 1987 study that didn't find any PCBs in Logan Branch cited streamcriteria exceedances for lead in the upper and lower reaches of LoganBranch. When I saw this data, I was tempted to say "ah ha!" However, thecriterion used was 3.2 ppb and the exceedances were in the range of 3.2to 6.2 ppb of lead. I am not convinced that those concentrations of leadare toxic. All I can recommend is that we continue studying the upper andlower Logan Branch 1n hopes of establishing a positive causal relationship.Emphasis should probably be on metals and PCBs. I also recommend that wemonitor organic contaminant concentrations in wild trout from lower LoganBranch on an annual basis so that we can be sure that these fish are safefor human consumption.

cc:John Srifgfte

A R I 0 0 0 9 3

Literature Cited

E l l i o t , J. M. 1971. Some Methods for the Statistical Analysis of Samples ofBenthic Macroi nvertebrates. Scientific publ. #25 (1st ed.). FreshwaterBiol. Association. 148 p.

Hester, F. E. and J. S. Dendy. 1962. - A multiplate sampler for aquaticmacroinvertebrates. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 91(4):420-421.

Nebeker, A. V. and F. A. Puglisi. 1974. Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) on survival and reporduction of Dqphnia, Gammarus and Tanytarsus.Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103:722.

Snedecor, G. W. and W. C. Cochran. 1967. Statistical Methods (6th ed.). TheIowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. 593 p.

ARI00091*

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s t a t i o n

Figure 5. Abundances of important groups of macroinvertebrates collected on artificialsubstrate samplers in Logan Branch, Centre County in June and July 1988.

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3r,!"!FL!7. J. H ID If.

H I RUD I HE AGLIGuuHEiVi

Dr-iETISIIP H£MER ELLA

CGEHAGRIGNILAE 1 2

NIGRQNIC-i 1

HYDROP3YCHIDAEHYDROPTILIDAELEPIDGSTOMARHYACOPHILAELMI DAEEMPIDIDAE 1 3 3DRILLACARDI.OCLADIUGCRICOTOPUG 10 2 13 0CRYPTQCHIRONOMUSEUKIEFERIELLANANOCLADIUSPARAMETRIOCNEMUSFENTANEURINI 2 2 1 1 4PQLYPEDILUMPRGDIAMESAP5EUDODIAMESATHIENEMAMNIELLA3IMULIIDAE 1ANTCCHATIPULAPHYSIDAE 9 2 1 2 9 4 2PLANCRBIDAE 1 •*

TOTAL TAXA 7 4 5 6 7 4TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 57 44 41 25 73 99SAMPLE VOLUME ml 0.2 0.1 O.3 0.1 0.2 0.6

A R I O O I O I

GAi'lrLE 2C 7'L> '•: i 'III 7-L. V L1

I"U. CELLAR T A 32 47 1 7HIRUDTNEA 1GLIGCjCHErVPA 1 1 3 1 6LIRCEUS 3 1 4GAMMARU';; i 7 z \<\BAtZTISEPHEMERELLAAEECHNIDAECGEMAGRIGNIDAE 2 3 2 3.I-JIGRQNIAHYDROPSJYCHIDAEHYDRQPTILIDAELEPIDOSTOMARHYACGPHILAELMIDAEEMPIDIDAEBRILLACARDIOCLADIUSCRICOTOPUS 5 2 16 3 1 13CRYPTOCHIROWOMU3EUKIEFERIELLAMANDCLAD I USPARAI1ETR IOCNEI-1USPENTAMEURINI 1 3 3 11 3 22POLYPEDILUMPRODIAMESAPSEUDODIAMESA 1THIENEMAMNIELLASlfiULIIDftE 2 1ANTQCHA7IPULA 1PHY3IDAE 30 84 47 9 23 24PLANORBIDAE 2 3 13 5 5 7

TOTAL TAXA ^v_ 6 h g 9 n 10

TOTAL INDIVIDUAESL7 72. 142 85 5O 42 96SAMPLE VOLUME al&F*"- O.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.7

A R I O O I 0 2

PAW D,',

b. . 4 A 4C 4B 4L> ',JH

TURBELLAR1A 372 142 213 3bUHIRUDINEAGLIGQCHEATA 24 IS 24 6LIRCEUS 764 40O 615 510 f'2GAMMARUS 34O 326 496 290 (./.,BAET13 32 32 24 14 2".'EPHENE RE-ILL. AAESCHNIDAECOEIMAGR.IGNIDAEHIGRQNIAHYDROPGYCH.IDAE 1 1O 54 144HYDROPTILIDAE 1 3 1 3LEPIDOSTOMARHYACOPHILA 2 1ELMIDAEEMPIDIDAEBRILLACARDIOCLADIUS 14 6CRICOTOFUS 52 5 36 6 3CRYPTOCHIRONOMUS 1EUKIEFERIELLA . 1NANCCLADIUSPARAMETRIOCNEMUSPENTAMEURINIPOLYPEDILUM 1 2PRODIAMESAPSEUDODIAMESA 1 ^THIENEMANNIELLASIMULIIDAE IS 12 36 46 116 11ANTOCHATIPULAPHYSIDAE 18 17 16 46 3 10PL ANDREI I DAE ^ 2

TOTAL TAXA '- 1O 11 12 9 8 13TOTAL INDIVIDUKLa- 1635 955 1489 1285 316 493SAMPLE VOLUME ml 1O.5 7.0 11.5 10.0 2.0 2.S

ftRlOOIOS

HIRUDll-iEA!.jL I GGC! ifc.i-1 i f-t 1LIRCEU3 41 55 32 29 73GAMMARUS 05 47 714 575 :i74 -'64BAETIS 94 33 4 75 24 25EPHEP1ERELLA 2 9 15 10 3AESCHNIDAECOtir-SAGRIUMlL-AEN1GRONIAHYDROPSYCHI DAE 421 449 S 69 60 7HYDRQPTILIDAE 1LEP I DOST Gi l Af-:HYACDPHILA 4 2 2ELM IDAE 1 1 1 1EMP1DIDAEDRILLACARDIOCLADIUS iCRICOTGPU3 2 1CRYFTOCHIROMOMUSEUKIEFERIELLA 1 3 3 .NANOCLADIUS ' 1PARAMETRIOCMEMUS 4 2PENTANE'JRINI 1POL.YFEDILUM Q 3 16 2 5 '2PROD IAMESAP3EUDODIAMESA 1 4 1 •'-THIENEMANNIELLASIMULIIDAE 40 1O1 1 13 2OANTOCHATIPULAPHYSIDAE 5PLANORBIDAE ^ -«

TOTAL TAXA v 12 15 9 11 12 11TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 70S 709 91O 811 813 714SAMPLE VOLUME ml 1.5 2.0 6.O 4.5 5.O

A R l O O I O l t

SAMPLE ' 7B 7C HA GU LCI > !b

TURBELLArMA 26 2 3 7 U 4HIRUDINEAGLIGQCHEATA 3 2 2 4LIRCEU3 1GAHMARU3 3 3 2 2DAET13 1 12EPHEMERELLAAESCHHIDAE 1COENAGRIOf-JIDAENIGRONIAHYDROPSYCHIDAEHYDRGPTILIDAELEPID03TOMARHYACOPHILAELMIDAE 1 1EMPIDIDAEBRILLA A 1CARDIOCLADIUS 2 5 5CRICOTOPUS 6 1 53 3 0 2CRYPTOCHIRONOMU3 1 1 3EUKIEFERIELLANANOCLADIU3PARAMETRIOCNEMUSPENT ANEUR INI 11 7 13 7 5 L".POLYPEDILUM 1PRODIAMESA 1 1P3EUDODIAMESA 22 23 14 5 21 7THIEMEMANMIELLA 1SIMULIIDAE 61 223 3 2 1ANTOCHA 2TIPULAPHY3IDAE 4 1PLAMQRBIDAE , 1

?-'•TOTAL TAXA ?-" 14 13 8 6 8 9TOTAL INDIVIDUALS 199 34O 42 25 50 3OSAMPLE VOLUME ml 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

A R I O O I 0 5

L, :\( -"i 1.' i -i i »^

•i iJ

GL I GCiCHEATALIRGEUSGAMMARL'oDAETT jEPKEMEFVELLAAE3CHNJ.DAECGEMAGRIOHIDAENIGRONIAHYDROPSYCHIDAEHYDROPTILIDAELEFT DOG TOPI ARHYACOPHILAELM I DAEEMPIDIDAEBRILLACARDIOCLADIU3CRICOTOPUSCRYPTOCHIRONOMUSEUKIEFERIELLANANOCLADIUSPARAMETRIOCNEMUSPENTANEURIN.T.PQLYPEDILUMPRGDIAME3APSEUDODIAME3ATHIENEMANf-IIELLABIMULIIDAEANTOCHATIPULAPHYSIDAEFLANORBIDAE

12

17

11

126

7

71

10

i13

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41

23

16O

TOTAL TAXA - 5TOTAL INDIVIDUAUf . 16 'SAMPLE VOLUME ml 0. 1

1399o.: 0. 1

310. 1

A R I O O I 0 6

F.. :'..'

D L. I G C) C, r i E. A T r ;i 1!_!!•: CC USG'-iNMARUS 2 53MET 13 1EFHL>iEIRELLAAE^CHNIDAECJCJENAGRICNIDAEN IGF'ON.I AI-IYDRGPSYCHIDAEHYDRGPTILIDAELEPID03TOMARHYAGOFHILAELMIDAEEMPIDIDAEBRILLA 1CARDIOCLADIUS 2 1CRICOTDPUS 1 1CRYPrOCHlRGNOMUoIDKIEFERIELLA 1

•'MANGCLADIU3PARAMETRIGCMEMLJ3PLIMTANF.URINI '"i 5PGLYPEDILUMPF^ODIAMESA 1PSEUDODIAMESA 3 4THIENEMANNIELLASIMULIIDAE 5ANTQCHA 23TIPULAFHYSIDAEPLAMORBIDAE 1

TOTAL TAXA 13 7TOTAL INDIVIDUALS' 52 22SAMPLE VOLUME ml O.2 O.I

A R I O O I 0 7

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

March 8, 1993

SUBJECT: Aquatic BiologicalLogan Branch 22997

Investigation

Cross Reference:Industrial WasteCerro Metal Products CompanySpring Township, Centre County

TO: Thomas M. SchmickChief, Operations SectionWater ManagementNorthcentral Region

FROM: Ronald E. HugheyAquatic BiologistWater ManagementNorthcentral Region

On July 17, Pennsylvania Fish & Boat Commission personnel observedconditions in lower Logan Branch that could have indicated a toxic spill.They notified us and I conducted a follow-up investigation on July 22,1992. I found no evidence of a toxic spill, else this memo would have beenwritten long ago, but while there I conducted a minor benthos survey onlower Logan Branch. This memo documents the results.

I collected benthic macroinvertebrates from five locations, three from lowerLogan Branch and two from the spring run that receives Cerro's NPOES 001discharge (Figure 1, Table 1). Collections consisted of two, 1 metersquare kick net samples per site. I subsampled in the field, pickinganywhere from 1/10 to all of the sample depending on organism density. Ialso scanned each sample to find any scarce taxa that were missed insubsampling. The results were extrapolated to critters per square meter,which is certainly an overestimate of the scarce taxa, but they were so fewas to have no effect on the overall analysis. These samples were not trulyquantitative, but more like indices of abundance capable of demonstratinggross changes 1n Invertebrate density.

Results

IStation LBR1 was upstream from Cerro property near Don Shawley's garage,found a typical limestone community here, high in biomass but low indiversity. The collection contained ten taxa and Indicated a density ofover 3,000 critters per square meter. The crustaceans Lirceus and Gammarusmade up most of the biomass.

Aquatic Biological InvestigationLogan Branch 22997Cross Reference:

Industrial WasteCerro Metal Products CompanySpring Township, Centre County

Page 2March 8, 1993

Station LBR2 was adjacent to the lower end of Cerro property and LBR3 wasfurther downstream near the Route 26 bridge. Collections at these twosites were similar and demonstrated a drastic reduction in benthos biomass(Table 2). Most of the decline occurred in the Crustacea and a chronicallytoxic condition was indicated. This is not news. Depression of thebenthos adjacent to and downstream from Cerro has been documented since theearly 1970s.

Stations SPR1 and SPR2 were located on the spring run that receives Cerro'soutfall 001. This run enters Logan Branch between LBR2 and LBR3. I founda dense population of Gammarus upstream from the 001 discharge and almostnothing below it. This indicated a toxic response to Cerro's 001discharge. These results were surprising to me. Cerro's 001 discharge hadpreviously passed EPA's whole effluent toxicity testing. And, I am certain,that I have sampled this run in the past without finding this sort ofdiscrepancy. Unfortunately, those collections consisted of cursory kicksthat were never documented, and consequently have passed Into oblivion.

Conclusions

1. The benthos community of Logan Branch was depressed adjacent to anddownstream from Cerro property. There was no Indication that thiscondition was much different than documented by earlier Department ofEnvironmental Resources' investigations (1972, 1973, 1974, 1979, 1989and 1990). He are still working on the problem.

2. Cerro's NPDES 001 discharge was depressing the benthos community inthe spring run that receives the 001 discharge. A toxic response wasindicated.

Recommendation

Add a whole effluent toxicity testing permit condition to Cerro's NPDESpermit.

RH/bls

cc: Bob FreyRich AdamsJohn Arway, Pa. Fish and Boat Commission

A R I O O I 0 9

UTM OHIO AND 1«71 MAOMCTIC NORTHDECLINATION AT CCNTC* Of SHCCT

(

QUADRANGLE LOCATION

A R I O O I 1 0

Table: 1Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: July 22, 1992

Aquatic Biological InvestigationSampling Station Locations

Station

LBR1

LBR2

LBR3

SPR1

SPR2

River NileIndex

0.2

0.5

1.5

Township

BellefonteBorough

Spring

USGS Quad

5-12.1

5-12.1

InchesNorth

3.2

5.4

InchesWest

2.8

3.9

Spring

Spring

5-12.1

5-12.1

5.9

5.4

4.4

4.1

Spring 5-12.1 5.6 4.2

Description

About 1,000 ft. upstreamfrom Cerro and 3,000 ft.downstream from Axeman.

About 200 ft. downstreamfrom large spring nearCerro North Yard.

Near PA26 bridge

Upstream Cerro outfall001 about 100 ft.

Downstream Cerro outfall001 about 300 ft.

OCD

LOGAN BRANCHBENTHOS DATAAUC 7 1992

STATION"" L81 L82 LB3 SPR1 SPR2TAXA

Turballaria (Flatworms)Planaridaa 8 10

Annelida (EarthwortM, le*ches)Oligocheata 16

Isopoda (Sow Bugs)Asailidae

Lirceus 1584 3

A*ehipoda (Scuda)rida*

GaMMrus 1S28 130 68 2800 17

Eph«Mropttr«Bactid**

BMtis 64 164 179EphWMrtUidM

Ephwwrella 19 247 3 11

Trichopttra (CaddisfliM)HydropaychidM

Hydropcych* slo»tona« 64L«pido*toaatida«

LapidMtoM 10RhyacophilidM

Rhyacophila 8 18

Colaoptara (M«tla«)24 2

Dfpttra (MidgM, FUa«)Chlronoaiida*

Chironoaiini

Orthocladina*TanypodlnM

TOTAL TAXATOTAL INDIVIDUALS / SQ. M.

8

103312

71251

7385

26182118

9598

3010

S2853

522

647

A R I O O I 1 2

' + A

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

January 17, 1990

SUBJECT: Aquatic Biological InvestigationLogan Branch - 22997

. June/July, 1989Centre County

TO:

FROM:

Wi l l i am P. ParsonsEnvironmental Protection ManagerBureau of Water Quality ManagementWilliamsport Region

Ronald E. HugheyAquatic BiologistBureau of Water Quality ManagementWilliamsport Region

During the summer of 1988, I conducted an aquatic biological investigationon Logan Branch. Among other things, that investigation indicated a toxicdepression of the benthos community near Cerro Metals. The problem beganabove Cerro's NPDES outfall and was not related to their discharge. Duringthe summer of 1989, I conducted a follow-up investigation intending todetermine exactly where the problem started. The study area is describedin my 1988 memo and I will not repeat the description here. Student internBrian Trowbridge assisted with the field and lab work.

Methods

We suspected that stormwater runoff from Cerro's trailer parking lot mightbe causing the problem. This lot is located at the upstream end of Cerro'sproperty and a lot of oil drips from scrap metal in the trailers onto thelot. The lot is served by a collection sump and an oil/water separator.We used dye to determine the extent of the mixing zone and the point ofcomplete mix for the separator discharge. There was no discharge from theseparator during any of my visits to Cerro.

On June 7, we placed multiplate samplers (Hester and Dendy, 1962) at threelocations 1n Logan Branch. The control site was just upstream from theparking lot. The first "Impact" site was at the point of complete mix,approximately 700* below the separator. The third sampling station was2,500' downstream from the separator (Figure 1, Table 1). We placed foursamplers at Stations 1 and 3. Station 2 was split into east and west banksubstations and received four samplers per substation. Later, when wefound no difference between the substations, we combined them to increasethe number of replicates for station 2.

On July 20, we retrieved 14 of the 16 samplers. One was lost at each ofthe station 2 substations. We preserved the samples in the field andreturned them to the laboratory for sorting and enumeration. Exceptingsegmented worms and flatworms, enumeration was at the generic level.

f lRIOOl 13


We used one way analysis of variance and least significant di f ferences toanalyze the data (Snedecor and Cochran, 1967). Population data wastransformed wi th a log X + 1 transformation to satisfy assumptions ofnormality (El l iot, 1971). Statements of signif icance imply a 95% orgreater confidence level.

Resul ts

Resul ts were not clear cut. They were as fo l lows:

1. Significant differences between stations occurred for populations ofthe fol lowing:

FlatwormsWormsIsopodsAmphipodsMayfliesCaddisflies

2. There were no significant differences between stations for thefol lowing:

Number of taxaTotal individualsDiptera

3. Caddisflies disappeared between stations 1 and 2.

4. Amphipod and mayfly populations declined between stations 2 and 3.

5. Worms increased between stations 1 and 2.

6. Flatworms and Isopods were most numerous at station 2 but had similardensities at stations 1 and 3.

Confused? Look at figure 2. When the community composition is expressedas percentage, it is apparent that there 1s a problem occurring somewherebetween stations 1 and 3. At stations 1 and 2, the composited collectionswere dominated by crustaceans, but also included substantial percentages ofinsects. Diptera, mostly midge larvae, dominated the community atstation 3. Crustaceans and non-dipteran insects got much less of the pieat station 3.

flRIOOl


This looks like a toxic response. Midges in general are -nore tolerant oftoxic substances than crustaceans and other aquatic insects. I still thinkthe causative agent is stonnwater runoff from the Cerro area. Stormwaterpoint sources in the study area include the Cerro trailer parking lotdischarge between stations 1 and 2 and a large stormwater culvert thatenters Logan Branch from under Cerro property between stations 2 and 3.Judging from the deposits of sediment and litter, the culvert dischargeslarge volumes of dirty water during rainstorms.

Conclusions

I have done about all I can *1th this case. I know there is a toxicproblem in lower Logan Branch affecting the invertebrate community. I knowabout where it starts. I suspect, but don't know, that stonnwater runofffrom the Cerro area is causing the problem. The data did not positivelyimplicate the trailer parking lot discharge. I don't have a recommendationfor a solution. Stonnwater collection and treatment would be nice, but tomy knowledge is not practical.

Literature Cited

Elliot, J. M. 1971. Some Methods for the Statistical Analysis of Samplesof Benthic Macroi nvertebrates.Freshwater Biological Association,U. K. Ferry House, Ambleside, Westmorland, England. 144 pp.

Hester, F. E., and J. S. Dendy. 1962. A multiple-plate sampler foraquatic macroinvertebrates. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 91(4):420-421.

Snedecor, G. W. and H. C. Cochran. 1967. Statistical Methods (6th ed.).The Iowa State University Press, Ames, I o w a . 5 9 3 p.

REH/skb

cc: Bob FreyJohn Sengle

flRIOOl15

SCALE :2-;c:3

;"CO

CONTOUR I N T E R V A L 20C A T L ' 1 ' ' . ' - ' L - ' i S t * LC' . EL

A f C E ' i ' C H (.f C' l

Figure 1: Sampling locations for an aquatic biological investigation of Logan Branch inCentre County, June/July 1989. Reproduced from Bellefonte, PA 7.5" quadrangle,

flRIOOl16

oCD

Table:Stream:County:Date:

1Logan BranchCentreJune/July 1989

Aquatic Biological InvestigationSampling Station Locations

River MileStation Index Township

1.3

1.1

0.7

Spring

Spring

Spring

USGSQuad

5-12.1

5-12.1

InchesNorth

3.7

5-12.1 4.1

4.8

InchesWest

2.9

3.3

3.9

Description

Just upstream fromCerro trailer parking lot.

Approximately 700 ft.downstream from Cerrotrailer parking lot.

Approximately 2,500 ft.downstream from Cerrotrailer parking lot.

'1.3'' foUrr

G O Q

A R I O O I 1 8

A R I O O I 19

- ;o* • - c -i a r ^ c .

:" 2 •"?' r. l l ^ i5 E M " 5 * 3 ^ 9 .

^ a a T '_ 3 c '

- ~ S r o j J) l C '.

:.«.;••?'!J.:i: c l • • • 3 6 5 : .-i

/ - - • 3 . C C -

H R I O O I 2 0

B R I O O I 2

OA-soi l2-«7 v_*S;' COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

January 25, 1979Aquatic Biology InvestigationLogan Branch, Spring Creek Stream File: 4.20.3

SUBJECT: Industrial Waste—Cerro Metal ProductsSpring Township, Centre County6/27/78 and 8/11/78

T°- Daniel L. AltersChief, Operations SectionBureau of v/ater Quality Management

FROM: Gerald G. MillerRegional BiologistBureau of Water Quality ManagementWilliansport Regional Office

Tn an effort to determine whether the biological condition of theLogan Branch has improved in relation to in-house piping changesthat Cerro has made since 1974, EPS John Varner, Summer EFT BobBrcwnlee, and I conducted biological investigations on the LoganBranch on 6/27/78 and 8/11/78.

Benthic macroinvertebrates (fish food organisms) were collected atnumerous locations on the stream, in the area of the Cerro MetalProducts facilities (Figures 1 & 2, and Table I). Invertebrateswere collected qualitatively by using a hand screen and by handpicking. Collecting continued at each station until no new recogniz-able taxa appeared in the sample. In addition, quantitative Surberand Hester-Dendy samples were collected on 6/27/78 and 8/11/78respectively. The Hester-Dendy artificial substrate samplers wereplaced in the stream on 7/13/78. An attempt was made to collect tiroof each type of quantitative sample during the sampling sessions.Hester-Dendies were placed on the right and left sides of the streamchannel at each station. The Hester-Dendy samplers from substations2L and 3L were not found, probably because of vandalism. It alsoappeared that the Station 7L sampler was moved. Results of all ofthese samples are summarized on Tables II, III, and IV. The follow-ing is a discussion of that data, general field observations, anddata collected during earlier investigations:

(screens)*

A* MMB&^li^M***^ downstream, a trend towards fewer taxa andIn mi 'ftpuil^.ijija mil l apparent. A lower number of caddis fly taxawas mpatftlTf 'iffifciaftl ile. A moderate level of degradation wasindicated at Stations 3 and 4.

Sampling on the unnamed tributary, upstream and downstream from thepermitted Cerro discharge, resulted in finding similar conditions,although there appeared to be some effect on the standing crop atStation 2TA.

flR!OOI22

Daniel L. AltersPage 2January 25, 1979

Quantitative sampling (Surbers)

In comparison to Station 1, a moderate decrease in the number of taxawas apparent in the section of stream adjacent to and below theCerro plant. In addition, noticeably fewer individuals of the taxaOligochaeta, Lirceus, Gammarus, Baetis, Rhyacophila, Glossosorra,Hydroptila, Promoresia, and Cricotopus sp. 4 were found in thesamples below Station 1. Coincidentally, there was an increase innumbers of the taxa Ephemerella, Musidae sp., Empidae sp., andCricotopus sp. 2.

It should be noted that during the qualitative and quantitative(Surber) sampling at Stations 3 and 4, an oil residue was releasedfrom the bottom materials and vegetation when they were disturbed.This was probably a result of an oil spill which occurred a fewweeks earlier.

Quantitative sampling (Hester-Dendies)

As with the other sampling methods, a marked decrease in the numberof taxa was again noted in the stream below Station 1. A generaldecrease in the total number of individuals was also apparent in thissection of stream. Specifically, fewer individuals of the taxaLirceus, Gammarus, Baetis, Pseudocloen, Glossosoma, Simulidae sp.,and Physa were found on the samplers. There also appeared to be atrend toward fewer taxa and individuals in the samples collected onthe left side (looking upstream) of the stream. This is the bank ofthe stream on which the Cerro plant is located.

Comparisons with historical data

In an effort to make some comparisons with earlier data, I havetabulated on Tables V, VI, and VTI; numbers of taxa, numbers ofindividuals, numbers of mayfly taxa, numbers of caddisfly taxa, anddiversity indices for screen, Hester-Dendy, and Surber samples col-lected in the Logan Branch near the lower end of the Cerro facilities,from Pyffrt>«r 1971 through August 1978. Examination of the datasuggest* that the stream has improved between 1974 and 1978 with ageneral increase in the number of taxa, and increased numbers ofmayfly and caddisfly taxa. Furthermore, comparison of diversityindices from quantitative samples denotes an overall increase intheir values. Althcu i some of these changes were also apparent inthe Logan Branch above Cerro, thus simplifying either seasonal changesor improvement unrelated to their facilities, the magiitude of thechanges was greater at the lower sampling area.

Comparing with earlier samples collected in the unnamed tributary,it appears that conditions have improved at least slichtly.

A R i n n i

Daniel L. AltersPage 3January 25, 1979

Summary and Conclusions

1. Cerro Metal Products facilities had a moderate impact on thebenthic macroinvertebrate cumiunity of the Logan Branch. The impactwas apparent in the section of stream adjacent to Plant #4, which isabove the Cerro permitted discharge.

2. In comparison with the samples collected in 1974 and earlieryears, the benthic community has improved. The improvement waslikely a result of revamping the piping system within the plant andthus eliminating several unpermitted discharges.

Recommendations

1. Continue monitoring the benthic macroinvertebrate ccmnunity ofthe Logan Branch in an effort to document the anticipated additionalstream improvement. In particular, samples should be collected inthe section of the Logan Branch near the lower end of the Cerroproperty but above the area that could be affected by their permitteddischarge.

QGM:jlr

cc: Central Office Files

A R I O O I 2 U

Logan BranchSpring Creek6/27/78, 7/13/78, 8/11/78

Table I

Sampling Station Locations

6/27/78 Sampling Period

Station 1: Logan Branch; zone extending from upper end of Cerro weigh scalesparking lot to a point directly above coal yard.

Station 2: Logan Branch; zone extending from a point approximately 75' below4' X 4* square culvert to a point approximately 100 yards down-stream where building hangs over stream.

Station 3: Logan Branch; directly downstream from railroad bridge, but upstreamfrom mouth of tributary which conveys Cerro's permitted discharge.

Station 4: Logan Branch; directly above billow Street bridge.

Station 1TA: Unnamed tributary to Logan Branch; approximately 50 feet upstreamfrom Cerro permitted outfall.

Station 2TA: Unnamed tributary to Logan Branch; approximately 150' upstreamfrom confluence with Logan Branch.

7/13/78 to 8/11/78 Sampling Period

Station 1: Logan Branch; adjacent to wall at upper end of Cerro parking lot.

Station 2: Logan Branch; adjacent to raw materials doors at upper end ofplant.

Station 3: Logan Branch; at small dam between pipes 115 and #17.

Station 4: Logan Branch; directly above pipe #14.

Station 5: Logan Branch; directly above pipe #12.

Station 6: Logan Branch; adjacent to pipe at lower end of parking lot whichis located at lower end of Cerro plant #4.

Station 7: Logan Branch; adjacent to sli vt bend in wall.

Station 8: Logan Branch; 100' upstream from section of building which overhangsstream.

flR!OOI25

C«/i/77?e Coc#J7y X*°>? 'iw *-. "\ -^" '. • 1 j^Xviv;

X^ J//,47'30" 'SS sr*r£ COLLEGE a '

1 MUt

MOO 6000 7000 fid

I KHOMITERA R I

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

Light-duty

Unimproved dirt ..

R«ICK\1EW STATEOKRKVTIOVAL IXSTTTL1TIOX

• lMTB.IOA-OCOt.OCICM.te/ltvC* MAAMIWOTON O C — l.TJ

770-

FEET flRIO'0127

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

Heavy-duty Light-duty__

Medium-duty ______ Unimproved dirt,

Table: 11Name of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 6/27/78

TAXA

QUALITATIVE BENTHIC MACROim'ERTEERATE DATA

1Stations

2 3 4 1TA 2TA

Turbellaria (flatworms)

Turbellaria sp.

Annelida (earthworms, leeches)

Oliqochaeta sp.

Isopoda (sow bugs)

Lirceus •

Airphipoda (scuds)

Gammarus sp. 1

Gammarus sp. 2

Gammaridae sp.

Crangonyx

Ostracoda (seed shrimps)

Ostracoda sp.

Ephemeroptera (mayflies)

Baetis

Ephemerella (Ephemerella S.G.)

Paraleptophlebia

Hydracarina (water mites)

Hydracarina sp.

Lepidoptera (moths)

Lepidoptera sp.

Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)

Sialis

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

1X

xA

1

X

1

X

X

X

X.

X

X

X

1

I

!

!

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

!iii

i x 1

/ S R I O O I 2 8

Name of Strean: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 6/27/78

TAXA

QUALITATIVE BENTHIC MACROIHVERTEERATE DATA

1Stations

2 3 1 T A 2 T A

Trichootera (caddisflies)

Phyacophila

Glossosoma

Ochrotrichia

Neophylax

Hydropsyche

Coleoptera (beetles)

Proiroresia

Optioservus

Diptera (flies & midges)

Antocha

Simulium

Musidae (liimophora)

Ceratopogonidae (Palpomyia gr. )

Tipula

Empididae

CryptxxMronomus

Cricotopus sp. 1

Cricotopus sp. 2

EuXiefferiella

Psectrocladius

Diamesa

Orthocladii-is

Orthocladinae sp.

X

X

X

X

X

.X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

x

x

X1

i

\X

\

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Xi«

x

1

X

X X

X

ii*

!ii

_x *X «

x ix X

flRIOOI29

Table: IIName of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 6/27/78

TAXA

QUALITATIVE BEHTIIIC MA.CROINVERTEERATE DATA

Stations1 2 3 4 1TA 2TA

Cardiocladius

Gastropoda (snails, linpets)

Planorbidae

Pelecypoda (clams)

Sphaerium

•

TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA

"

.

-

X

X

22

-

X

14

X

:

14

1

X

11

1

1

i1

8 8

1 !i

:

!iii

-

A R I O O I 3 0

Table: IIIName of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 6/27/78

QLWJTITATIVE* BENTHIC MACROIIIVERTEERATE DATA

StationsTAXA l! 1, 2, 2, 3n . 3o 4, 4.

Turbellaria (flatworms)

Turbellaria sp.

Annelida (earthworms , leeches)

Oligochaeta sp.

Isopoda (sow bugs)

Lirceus •

Amphipoda (scuds)

Gamarus

Gantaridae sp.

Collenbola (springtails)

Collembola sp.

'lemeroptera (mayflies)

Baetis

Ephemerella

Hemiptera (bugs)

Hemiptera sp.

Veliidae

Hebridae


Hydracarina sp.

Trichoptera (caddisflies)

Ttayacophila

GlOSSOSCtTB

Hydroptila

12

11

12

123

.1

63

5

6 -

78

9

3

2

1

63

27

8

40

4

1

I1

j

i !

i(ii

16 9

13 f

i

1

2

1

13

10

;

!

3

1

2

7

1

!10 3

j. •

12

4

9

5

6

"C

15

1

1

2

10

1

1

1

1

*one square foot surber samples

Q R I O O I 3 !

Nace of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 6/27/78

QUANTITATIVE BENTHIC MACROIITVERTEERATE DATA

StationsTAXA

Pycnopsyche


Promoresia

Optioservus

Elmidae so.

Chrysomelidae sp.

Galerucella

HydroDhilidae

Diptera (flies, midges)

Antocha . .

Simulidae sp. •

Musidae (lirmoohora)*>

Empididae (hemerodromia)

Chironomidae sp.

Cricotopus sp. 1

Cricotopus sp. 2

Cricotopus sp. 3

Cricotopus sp. 4

Eukiefferiella sp. 1

Eukiefferiella sp. 2

Cardiocladius

Orthocladius

PseudodiaiTEsia pertinax

Paramstriocnemus

IT

10

3

2

1

1

1

5

9

1

13

4

1

11

2

4'

3

2

1}

4

1

2

3

1

2i .

15

4

1

9

11

2

1

2.

1

'

'

1i i

4

10

10

4

1

31 •

1

1

9

2

14

!

193

60

7

5

5

3.

2

i9

2

12

77

i

4, .i. *^

1

1

.

1

5

379

3

16

t

*•

2(

c

i:

i

!

• flRIOOI32

Name of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 6/27/78

QUANTITATIVE BENTHIC MACROINVERTEERATE DATA

StationsTAXA 1, !„ 2l 2. 3, . 3, 4, 4.

Diamesa

Gastropoda (snails, lirrqpets)

Physa

Planorbidae

•

TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA PER SO. FOOT

TOTAL NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS '

Diversity Index ( Dbar)

f\

»

2

28

405

3.38

-

3

13

158

2.44

1

13

59

3.09

8

40

2.55

i

16

334

2.21

•

1

12

120

2.0

•

! ij

3

13

445

1.07

1

16

34

1.4

A R I O O I 3 3

Table: IVName of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 8/11/78

TAXA

QUANTITATIVE* BENTHIC MACRQINVERTEERATE DATA

Stations1R 1L 2R 3R 4R 4L 5P.

Turbellaria (flatworrrs)

Turbellaria sp.

Annelida (earthwoms, leeches)

Oligochaeta sp.

Isopoda (sow bugs)

Lirceus •

Arrphipoda ( scuds )

Gammarus

Collembola (springtails)

Isotornurus Palustris

Ephemeroptera (mayflies)

Baetis

Pseudocioen

Ephenerella

Tricorythodes

Hemiptera (bugs)

Hemiptera sp.


Hydracarina sp.


Glossosoma

Hydropsyche

Hy dropsy chidae sp.

Cheumatopsvche

31

1

27

108

16

1

7

1

32

r3

3

29

116

9

21

19

1

1

5

153

12

5

13

25

8

14

3

•

l »•

2

11i

! ii

j

! i!

10

3

4

2

15

14

6

1

6

36

1

!

1!«

6

11

2

9

23

1

5

5

Rhyacophila*Hester-Dendy multi-plate sampler

Table: IVName of Stream:County: CentreDate: 8/11/78

Logan Branch

QUANTITATIVE BENTHIC MACROINVERTEERATE DATA

TAXAStations

1R 1L 2R 3°. 4R 4L 5R 5L

Coleootera (beetles)

Promoresia

Optioservus


Sinulidae sp.

EirDidae st>.

Musidae sp.

Antocha

Polvoedlium

Psectrocladius

Cricotopus

Orthocladius

Pseudodiamesa Pertinax

Brilla

Cardiocladius

Pentaneurini

Cryptochironomus

Prodiamesa

Eukiefferiella

Chironomidae sp.

Gastropoda (snails, limpets)

Physa

Pelecypoda (clams)

Pisidium

1

1

-.6

1

1

-

1

4

12

1

-

j

jf

1 11

4 i1

i i

1i

2 1

j

10

31

1

12

21

--

6 |7

4

101

1

1

27

4

1

1

TOTAL NUNBRR OF TAXA 17 13 8 12 11 7 11 4TOTAL NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS 239 220 195 84 100 89 186 12

Diversity Index (D bar) 2.56 2.33 1.27 2.83 2.94 2.29 2.1& 1.6

4 R I O O I 3 5

Vable: rvName of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 8/11/78

TAXA

QUANTITATIVE* BENTHIC MACRQim'ERTEBRATE DATA

Stations6 P. 6L 7R 7L 8R 8L

Turbellaria (flatworrrs)

Turbellaria sp.

Annelida (earthworms, leeches)

Oligochaeta sp.

Isppoda (sow bugs)

Lirceus •

Arphipoda (scuds)

Garrmarus

ColleiTbola (springs tails)

Isotomurus Palustria

Epheineroptera (mayflies)

Baetis•>

Pseudccloen

Ephemerella

Tr icorythodes

Hemiotera (bugs)

Hemiptera sp.


Hydracarina sp.


dossoscroa

Hydropsyche

Hydropsychidae sp.

Cheumatopsyche

2

1

3

1

1

-

24

1

2

1

4

5

1

1

1

64

11

1

1

!

2

2

2

16

1

2

2

1

t

5

3

1

3

2

1

14

1

2

1

!Bhyacophila

*Hester-Dendy multi-plate sampler

flRfOOI36

Table: TVName of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 8/11/18

QUANTITATIVE BENTHIC MACROI1TVERTEBRATE DATA

TAXAStations

6R 6L 7R 7L 8R 8L


Promoresia

Optioservus


Sirrtulidae sp.

Empidae sp.

Musidae sp.

Antocha

Polypedlium

Psectrocladius

Cricotopus

Orthocladius^

Pseudodiamesa Pertinax

Brilla

Cardiocladius

Pentaneurini

CL^^tochirunornus

Prodi amesa

Eukiefferiella

Chironomidae sp.

Gastropoda (snails, limpets)

Physa

Pelecypoda (clams)

Pisidium

1

7

3

65

4

4

8

1

5 1

I

|r

» I Bt

i \

I i

1

1

1

6 \

|

4

1

41

1

4

j

1

12"

TOTAL NUTBER OF TAXA 7 13TOTAL NUNBER OF INDIVIDUALS 19 121

Diversity Index CD bar) 2.14 2.27

13 9 12 5114 28 75 222.23 2.21 2.31 1.58

A R I 0 0 1 3 7

Logan BranchCentre County

Table V

Summary of Data From QualitativeScreen Samples Collected at St. 3

Date

12/2/71

11/15/73

6/12/74

7/25/74

9/12/74

6/27/78

Total Numberof Taxa

6

4

7

4

3

14

'lumber ofMayfly Taxa

1

0

1

0

12

Number ofCaddis fly Taxa

0

0

0

0

0

1

Table VI

Summary of Data From QuantitativeSurber Samples Collected at St. 3

Total Number Total NumberDate

12/2/71

11/15/73

6/13/74

6/13/74

7/25/74

7/25/74

7/25/74

9/12/74

9A2/74

6/27/78

6/27/78

of Taxa

7

5

6

7

5

4

2

6

8

16

12

of Individuals

23

18

172

325

36

289

110

261

237

334

120

Diversity Index (D bar)

2.28

1.56

.87

.87

.85

.24

.18

.29

.72

2.21

2.0

A R I O O I 3 8

Table VII

Summary of Data From QuantitativeHester-Dendy Samples Collected at St. 3

Total Number Total NumberDate

5/22/74

5/22/74

7/25/74

7/25/74

9/12/74

9/12/74

8/11/78

8/11/78

of Taxa

5

5

4

3

3

6

5

12

of Individuals

95

68

119

151

67

58

22

75

Diversity Index (D bar)

1.12

1.01

.262

.114

.37

.80

1.58

2.31

A R I O O I 3 9

July 24, 1974Aquatic Biology InvestigationsLogan Branch, Spring CreekCerro Metal ProductsCentre CountySpring Township3/20-21/74, 4/11/74, S/22/74, 6/12 & IS/74

Charles E. GunmoChief, Operations SectionWilliconsport Regional Office

Gerald G. MillerAquatic BiologistWilliomsport Regional Office

On March 20-21, 197 4 j April 11 t 1974; May 22, 1974; and June 12 and 13,1974, I conducted biological investigations on the Logan Branch of SpringCreek to attempt to pinpoint the sources of toxic pollutants enteringthe stream from the Cerro Metal Products plant #4, and to further documentthe damage to the aquatic ecosystem of the stream.

On March 20-21, 1974 the stream was qualitatively sampled by using ahand screen. The procedure consisted of sampling at numerous locationson the Logan Branch from a point Just upstream from the Cerro plantcomplex to a point near the lever end of the complex. No biologicalsamples were preserved from this portion of the investigation. Also, onthese dates, Regional Geologist Dale Voykin and I collected chemicalsamples from many of the pipes discharging from the Cerro plant along thecourse of the stream.

Observations of diversity and abundance of different taxa were made atall macrobenthic sampling areas. These observations indicated a gradualdecrease in abundance and diversity while moving downstream along theCerro plant. No pipe could be singled out to be the major source ofpollutants.

Results of the chemical scnrples indicated that a number of pipes weredischarging toxic heavy metale into the stream. In addition, a numberof pipes were discharging heated wasteuater.

To provide further information about the benthic community, on April 11,1974, Heeter-Dendy, artificial substrate samplers were placed at sixstations (Figure I) on the Logan Branch in the area of the Cerro facility.Two samplers were placed at each station. The samplers were collected onMay 22, 1974. All samplers were recovered except the one at Substation 1A.The data from this investigation is summarized on Table I. The mostnoticeable change observed in the community was the drastic reduction ofthe number of individuals at Station S. This suggests that a significantsource of pollution, of an acute and/or severe nature, existed betweenStations 4 and S, It was also noticeable that a number of taxa werefound in decreasing numbers, moving downstream from Station 1 to Station 4thus indicating pollution sources, of a more chronic nature, between thesetwo points.

A R I O O U O

-2-

On June 12 and 13, 1974 further examination of the benthic community wasconducted at the two sampling stations indicated on Figure I. Theprimary purpose of this work was to provide information for improvementof the statewide aquatic biological monitoring system. The samplingincluded qualitative hand screening, two quantitative Surbers, and theplacement of three Hester-Dendy artificial substrate samplers at eachstation.

The data from qualitative and quantitative Surber sampling are found onTables II and III respectively. As in previous sampling, both diversityand standing crop of macrobenthic organisms were reduced drastically atthe downstream station.

Summary:

1. The benthic macroinvertebrate community of the Logan Branch, SpringCreek was severely depressed as a result of toxic wastes entering thestream from the Cerro Metal Products plant #4. This depressed conditionexisted in the area upstream from the permitted Cerro waste outfall.Similar conditions existed during biological surveys conducted onDecember 1971 and November 2973.

2. Data suggests that both chronic and acute waste discharges, may becontributing to the depressed macrobenthic community of the LoganBranch.

GGM: Isg

Attachnents

cc: K. SheafferT. ClistaDivision of Industrial WastesCentral Office Files

A R I O O I U

TABLE: ?STREAM. Logan BranchCOW???: CentreDATE: 5/22/74

QUANTITATIVE 3ENTHIC INVERTEBRATE DATAHESTER DENDY SAMPLERS

STATIONS

ZAX£ IB. U 2£ 2 A ZB 4 A 4g SA 55 6'A *P

ISOPODALirceus 1 1 2 1

AMPHIPODAGammarus 82 7 1 2

TURBELLARIADugesia 24 S 2 27 2 7 6 72

OLIGOCHAETAOligochaeta sp. 3 1

EPHEMEROPTERAEphemerella 128 103 75 178 179 106 214 1 1 S 16Baetis 2 2 8 7 6 1

TRICHOPTERACheumatopsyche 3H y d r o p s y c h e 2 8 1Psychomyia 1

COLEOPTERAElmidae sp. 1

DIPTERACricotopusOrthocladinae sp.SimuliumPentaneurini sp.Tanypodinae sp.Hemerodromia

TOTAL TAXA

TOTAL INDIVIDUALS

28 11 41

8 5 6

274 144 95

3 2

11

5 6 5

206 195 112

1 5

1

5 4

245 9

10 55

11

3 5

18 68

3

13

5

35

A R I O O U 2

TABLE: -1

STREAM: Logan BranchCOUNTY: CentreDATE: 6/12 & 13/74

TAXA

QUALITATIVE BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE DATA

STATIONS1 2

DECAPOD ACambarus

AMPHIPODAGammarus

ISOPODALirceus

TURBELLARIADugesia

EPHEMEROPTERAEphemerellaBaetis sp. 1Baetis sp. 2Paraleptophlebia

HEMIPTERACorixidae sp.

TOTAL TAXA

R = RareC — Coiwion

A =• Abundant

ACCC

R

TRICEOPTERACheumatopsycheHydropsychePsychomyia

COLEOPTERAElmidae sp.Agabus

DIPTERAChironomini sp.Orthocladinae sp.Diamesianae sp.Pentaneurini sp.Strationyidae sp.L-urmophoraHemerdronna

GASTROPODAPhysa

PELECYPODAPisidium

AAC

RR

RCCRR

C

C

RR

RR

20

A R I O O U 3

* ' -°n~":S P':<-R I,.

kf ,^^yf:.^^ ivE^ric•-:• .:*-^*..<^Z^ •* —j-*.- • -v: »•. T c

I uhsr-ans . ;_y ^Pyadise , <^

R « K ' K v i K v » - STATEf>lWB*Tmv\L IV^TTTIlnoN f

FR-BWQ-18

Table: IIIName of Stream: Logan BranchCounty: CentreDate: 6/12 & 13/74

AQUATIC B I O L O G I C A L I N V E S T I G A T I O N

Benthic Invertebrates

syNo. Taxa

TURBELLARIA (Flatworms)] PlanariicJ3e

3 NEMATODA (Roundworns)

ANNELIDA (Earthworms, Leeches)6 01 igochaeta7 Tub i f i c i dae8 Hirudinea

ISOPODA (Sow Bugs)|| A s e l l i d a e

AMPHIPODA (Scuds)) 4 Gamma r idae

DECAPODA (Crayfish)17 Astacidae.. . . ..

PLECOPTERA (S tonefl ies)20 Peltoperlidae'1 Per] \ dae

Perlodidaej Pteronarcidae. . .

2k Nemouri idae . . .

EPHEMEROPTERA (Mayflies)2 7 Epheme ridae28 Baet i dae23 Heptageniidae

OOONATA (Draqonf 1 ies , Damselflies)32 An i SOD t era33 Gomph i dae34 L i be 1 1 u 1 i dae35 Cordu leqas ter i dae

38 Zyqootera39 Coenagr i on idae40 Ag r i on i dae

43 HEMIPTERA (Bugs)43 Co ri xi dae44 Gerridae45 Notonectidae . ...46 Be 1 os toma t i dae

HYDRACARINA (Water Mites)

MEGALOPTERA (Alderflies, Dobsonflies,Fishf lies)

52 S i a l idaer, Corydalidae53

ll

29

&Q05

•3QO

58

12

'a

20

1 11 J

97S

57

11

21

5

3

11

.

22

10

1

25

I

S t a t i

p4Q

ons

ER-BWQ- 18

KeyNo.

121314151617

2021222324252627

303132333<»35

3839

-2-

S ta t ions

Taxa

TRICHOPTERA (Caddisflies)Hydrop t i 1 i daeHelicopsychidaeRhyacoph i 1 i dae

P h i 1 opo tarn idaePsychomyi idae • •LeptoceridaeB rachy cen t r i dae . ...

COLEOPTERA (Beetles)r f i r t A ^

Ha 1 I p 1 i daeHydrophilidae

DIPTERA (Midqes, Flies)T i pu 1 i daeS i m u l i i d a eTendipedtdae .Ce ra topogon idaeTaban i daeRhaq ion idaeEmpididae *Epnydridae

GASTROPODA (Snails, Limpets)Phys i daeLymnae i daeAncy 1 i daePlanorbidaeAmn i co 1 i daeV i v i p a r i d a e

PELECVPODA (ciams)SphaeriidaeUn i on i dae . .

li

11

24

6

25

i n

i144

1

12

4

8

15

28

109

2,

0

148

2

22

/,

278

2

5

Date Collected: 6/12 & 13/74Date Analyzed: 7/23 & 24/74Method of Collection (S. or H.D.): Surber

ARIOOU6

February 7, 1974

Aquatic Biology Investigation^—7> Loaan Rranah, Spring Creek

Cerro Copper and Brass (PlantCantre CountyZcv&tber 14 and 25, 107Z

Charles E. GumoCf.ief, Operations SeotionVilliamsport Regional Office

Gerald C. MillerAcuatia BiologistVilliameport Regional Office

On November 14, 1973 a follov-up aquatic biology investigation of LoganBrtmoii, Spring Creek DOS conducted by the vriter. The purpose of thesurvey uae to determine whether the Loaart Branch and the unnamed tributaryto the Logan Branch are shoeing sign* of biological recovery einoeadditional treatment facilities have been installed at Cerro Copper andBrass Company.

Tne four biological and eix ohemioal sampling stations oorreepond uiththe locations yaaaled during the Deoartber 2, 1371 survey. Benthia KUOTO-invertebratee (fish food organisms) ue*e oolleated qualitatively by uein?a hand eareen and quantitatively using <x one square foot Surber ttrea*bottom sanpler. Qualitative, eanpling continued until no new reaognixabletaaononia group* appeared in the aolleetion. Chemioal reeulte acrebaaed on a eingle, non-ooapoeite 0.5 liter grab eample at each etaticn.

Ciemioal and biological data are tunmarited on Tablee I, II, and III.Tfie following ie an analysts and interpretation of that data:

STATION 1: Logan Branch - upetream from all Cerro Copper and Braes plant*.

Benthio invertebrate eampling indicated good divereity irithpollution sensitive taxa 'Jell represented in the aojmunity.The high mmber of individuals found in the, quantativesample vas primarily due to the naturally nigh produativenatumof the limestone voters of the area.Measured voter ohemietry parameters indicated good aaterquality.

STATIOa 2: Branch . upstream from oonfluenae vith unnamed tributaryh rsoeives Cerro Copper and Brass treated uasteuater.

The benthio aunnunity shooed severe depression in bothdiversity and number of individuals. Measured aater ohemietryparameters indioated increased ooneentrations of iron, oopver.sina, and ohromium. Sinoe this area is upstreart from the

A R I O O U 7

STATI03 3:

-1-

peraritted Cerro Copper and Brass out f allt it appeared thatmetal vastes may be entering the stream directly via unpermittedoutfalls or indirectly by way of the ground voter.

IhavxneJ. tributary to Lovon Branch - •^stream from the CerroCopper and Brass outfall?

Bent hie maoroinvertebrate sampling indicated fair conditionsett/i a lov number of taxa. and relatively high metier ofindividuals found. This condition plus the kinds ofinvertebrates found are somewhat typical of gravel bottomedlimestone springs. Measured voter chemistry parametersindicated atypical levels of copper and chromium. It uasquite possible that the benthic community i*z« slightlysuppressed by small concentrations of pollutants enteringvia the groundwater.

STATICS 4: Unnamed tributary toCopper and 3rass ou-cfal

Branch - dbunstrsam from the Cerro

The benthic community shotted a severe depression in bothnumbers of taxa and individuals. The coating of clay-likeblue-green colored substance, noted during the December 1371survey, aas again seen covering the stream bottom. Itshould also be noted that the moderate grovths of theaquatic nacrophyte Fontiualia ep. , present at Station. 3tvere not seen at this "location, measured voter chemistryparameters indicated an atypical level of chromium.

SUMM/UH JL1D COSCLUHCXS:

2. Biological data indicated that t!ie Logan Branch and the unnamedtributary uere in a similar condition to that found in the December1971 survey. The streams have not recovered since that time.

2. Again, as in tKt 1971 survey f it appeared that toxic pollutant aacre entering tiie Logan Branch, upstream from the Cerro Copper andBmse permitted outfall.

2. Conduct further biological investigation to attempt to pinpoint thesource of tonic, contaminants entering the Logan Branch betvesnStations 2 and !•

Attachments

cot 1. Sheaf ferT. ClistaDivision of Industrial Vast**

A R I O O U 8

TALLE I

N a ~ 2 c : i c r c ;C o u n t y :D a t e :

Logan BranchCentre11/14/73 & 11/15/73

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A R I 00 11*9

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ey S tat i ons

Taxa

TRICHOPTERA (Caddisflies)Hydrop c i 1 i daeH e licopsvchidaeR n y a c o p h i l i d a e

Hydropsychidae . ..P h i l o p o t a m i d a e .Ps yc homy i i d a eLep toceridaeBrachycentridae

COLEQPTERA (Beetles)

Ha 1 i D 1 i daeHydroph i 1 i dae

DIPTERA (Midqes, Flies)TipulidaeS i mu 1 i i daeTend i ped i dae •Cg ra topoqon i daeTaban PdaeRhaq i on i daeEmp i d i daeEphydrid^ae

GASTROPODA (Snails, Limpets)Phys i daeLymnae i daeAncy 1 i daePlanorbidaeAmn i co 1 i daeV i v i par i dae

PELECYPODA (dams)SphaeriidaeUn i on i dae

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281

507

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7177

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128

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2021222324252627

30

333435

3839

Date Collected: 11-15-73Date Analyzed: 12-26-73 and 1-2-74Method of Collection (S. or H.D.): S

Number of Taxa . 15Number of Individuals 2127Diversity Index 2.37

5 718 6911.56 1.78

1150

A R I O O I 5 0

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ... · COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA...

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