Common Sense Sustainability for Concrete Pavements€¦ · • Cement and concrete industries...
Transcript of Common Sense Sustainability for Concrete Pavements€¦ · • Cement and concrete industries...
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Common Sense Sustainability for
Concrete Pavements
Dr Peter Taylor PE (IL)
Virginia Concrete Conference2009
With thanks to Tom Van Dam (ApTech)
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Background• Concrete is the most commonly used
building material on the planet Modern civilization is built on concreteThe positive social impacts are immense
• Therefore, it has a relatively large environmental footprint
• Sustainability provides a way to balance the various economic, environmental, and social factors
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Pulling on one of the poles
takes the system out of
balance
Moving towards the
center balances the
system
IncreasedSustainabili
ty
The Triple Bottom Line
Environmental
Economic
Social
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What makes a Roadway More Sustainable?
The use of practices and materials in concrete pavement that provides a durable pavement over the design life of the pavement, and that
• minimizes the use of energy and non-renewable resources
• while generating a minimum of pollutants• in the most cost effective manner
possible• while maximizing the benefits to society.
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Sustainable Design
• It is simply good engineeringUsing limited resources to achieve design objectivesNot about perfection, but about balancing competing, and often contradictory, interests
• Considers life-cycle economic, environmental and societal factors
• It’s complicated – get over it
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In AdditionSustainability:• Is being demanded• Appeals to a younger workforce• Allows the industry to communicate
the good that is being done• Makes the concrete industry more
competitive• Drives innovation• Is an important part of the stimulus
package
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Common Sense Principles of Sustainability – v 1.0
1. Get smart2. Design to serve the community3. Choose what you use4. Less is more5. Minimize impact 6. Take care of what you have7. Innovate
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No. 1: Get Smart
• Design for what you needNo more and no lessDon’t sacrifice engineering quality
• Incorporate design features that ensure that the design criteria are met
Holistic approach to design – it is not just thickness
• Incorporate innovative features that enhance sustainability
Standardized details
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Holistic Concrete Pavement Design
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Design Beyond Longevity
Light Colored and Cool
New QuietSurface Textures
Improved Fuel Economy
Renewal and Recycling
LowerEnergy Footprint
{{
Less Fuel Consumed During Construction
Industrial By-Product Use
Improved Stormwater Quality
Structural Capacity
{{
Adapted from Wathne, ACPA
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No. 2: Design to Serve the Community
• Listen to the communities being affected
The “community” includes both the human community and natural community
• Design to address the specific needs of the community
Now and for the life of the pavemen`t
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No. 3: Choose What You Use
• Recycle – zero-waste• Local first – minimize transportation• Select the materials to use – don’t let
the materials select themselvesUnderstand what is availableImport only what you need
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• Concrete is 100% recyclable• Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) can
be used in:new concretesubbasesgranular filltwo-lift (FHWA)
• On-site recycling reduces time, energy, pollution, and makes money
Recycling and Reuse
Adapted from Wathne, ACPA
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Waste or Resource?
• Cement and concrete industries consumed 20.59 million metric tonsof coal combustion products in 2005 (ACAA)
• Slag cement utilization in 2006 was 3.62 million metric tons (SCA)
• Rice Husk Ash
From J.C. Roumain, Holcim (USA), Inc.
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No. 4: Less is More
• All things equal, less material means less impact
• Using less portland cement can improve sustainability
Blended (ASTM C595) and performance specified (ASTM C1157) cementsSupplementary cementitious materials (SCMs – fly ash, slag, etc.)Aggregate gradingOptimized mixture design
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Why Does Cement Matter?
• Annual portland cement production for use in the U.S. results in approximately:
110 MMT CO2 and consumes 550 QBTU of embodied energyDomestic cement production is responsible for approximately 1.5% of U.S. total CO2
• Portland cement is responsible for approximately 90% of the CO2 and 85% of the embodied energy in concrete
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The Cement Industry...
• Has increased the efficiency of their clinkering process, significantly reducing the CO2 to cement ratio
• Offers blended (ASTM C595) and performance specified (ASTM C1157) cements
• About half of CO2 production is from decomposition of carbonate
• New cements are emerging that may sequester CO2
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Why specify cement content?
R2 = 0.1326
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
400 450 500 550 600 650
Cement Content
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
, psi
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Why specify cement content?
R2 = 0.6182
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55
w/cm
Com
pres
sive
stre
ngth
, psi
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No. 5: Minimize Impact
• Noise – Construction and traffic• Safety
Splash and sprayLighting
• Delays – During construction and rehabilitation
• EmissionsGreen house gasesPollutionParticulates
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No. 5: Minimize Impact
• Energy efficiency –ConstructionOperationLighting
• Urban heat island effect
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Phases of a Pavement’s Life
• Design• Construction• Operation• Rehabilitation• Recycling, Removal
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Factors Affecting SustainabilityDesign
Design life
Thickness
CapacityMaterials selection
Life cycle Cost
Cut and fill
Construction method
Drainage
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Factors Affecting SustainabilityConstruction
Dust
Energy
VOC’s
Noise pollution
Life cycle Cost
Virgin materials Delay
time
CO2
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Factors Affecting SustainabilityOperation
Maintenance
Friction to vehicles
Heat island
ReflectivityNoise pollution
Water runoff
Safety
Longevity
Capacity
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Factors Affecting SustainabilityRepair/Rehabilitation/Removal
Recycling in baseRecycling in concrete
Repair/ Rebuild = similar issues to construction
Removal = waste disposal
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No. 6: Take Care of What you Have• Use the equity already in the existing
pavement• Longevity is a hallmark of sustainable
practice • Well timed maintenance and
rehabilitation is essential• Design to maintain
For high volume roadways, accommodate future diamond grinding to extend pavement life
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No. 7: Innovate
• Identify problems/opportunities, generate solutions, implement, and reiterate
• Learn from mistakes• Good specifications• Evaluate emerging technologies and
adopt those with demonstrated promise• Educate and challenge yourself and
your workforce
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From Rasmussen et al.www.sufacecharacteristics.com
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Innovative construction approaches
• 2-lift• Ternary• Recycle• …
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Quantification
• Rating systemsGreen Roads, GreenLITESLEED
• Life cycle inventory (LCI)/life cycle assessment (LCA)
The future is now (ISO 14000)Need to establish regional data and usable software tools
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Concrete Pavement Road Map Sustainability Track Activities
• A Briefing Document• A “Best Practices” training manual• An International Conference – Sept 2010• Demonstration projects
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In Closing, We Must…
• Educate• Get tools into the hands of practitioners
as soon as possibleExpect these tools to evolve from some type of checklist/rating system to full life cycle assessment
• Conduct research to fill the gaps in knowledge
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