Submitted by : ABHINAV KUMAR Submitted by : ABHINAV KUMAR .T.T

SIF SIF

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Common Property ResourcesCommon Property ResourcesBroadly speaking, common property resources Broadly speaking, common property resources

include all such resources thatinclude all such resources thatare meant for common use of the community . CPRs are meant for common use of the community . CPRs include all resources like community pastures andinclude all resources like community pastures andgrazing grounds, community forest and woodlots, grazing grounds, community forest and woodlots,

protected and unclassed government forests,protected and unclassed government forests,waste land, common threshing grounds, watershed waste land, common threshing grounds, watershed

drainage, ponds and tanks, rivers, rivulets,drainage, ponds and tanks, rivers, rivulets,water reservoirs, canals and irrigation channels.water reservoirs, canals and irrigation channels.

CPRCPR

common property resources are common property resources are those to which access is both free those to which access is both free and open to a set of and open to a set of users users or potential or potential users. The set may be made up of users. The set may be made up of fishermen from any country. fishermen from any country. fishermen from any particular fishermen from any particular country within its EEZ (FAO)country within its EEZ (FAO)

Common property resourcesCommon property resources

Resources accessible to and Resources accessible to and collectively owned\held\managed by collectively owned\held\managed by an identifiable community and on an identifiable community and on which no individual has exclusive which no individual has exclusive property rights are called common property rights are called common property resources.property resources.

““accessible”accessible”

legal statuslegal status

convention.convention.

Collectively owned/held/managed:Collectively owned/held/managed:

managedmanaged

heldheld

ownedowned

Identifiable community:Identifiable community:

This means that co-users of the This means that co-users of the resources are a well-defined group of resources are a well-defined group of persons. For instance, all inhabitants persons. For instance, all inhabitants of a village form an identifiable of a village form an identifiable community.community.

HouseholdHousehold

Household: A group of persons Household: A group of persons normally living together and taking normally living together and taking food from a common kitchen food from a common kitchen constitute a household. The word constitute a household. The word ‘normally’ means that temporary ‘normally’ means that temporary visitors are excluded but temporary visitors are excluded but temporary stay-away are includedstay-away are included

‘‘commons’:commons’:

These categories of CPRs refer to These categories of CPRs refer to common property land resources common property land resources within the boundary of the village within the boundary of the village and were formally (i.e. by legal and were formally (i.e. by legal sanction or official assignment) held sanction or official assignment) held by village panchayat or community by village panchayat or community of the village.of the village.

grazing land/pasture landgrazing land/pasture landgrazing and pasture land has been the grazing and pasture land has been the most important constituents of CPR land. most important constituents of CPR land. Many villages have land earmarked as Many villages have land earmarked as permanent pasture land/grazing land.permanent pasture land/grazing land.

Village forest & woodlotVillage forest & woodlotThis item includes all land under This item includes all land under village forest and woodlots. This also village forest and woodlots. This also includes the area notified as forest includes the area notified as forest within the village which may belong within the village which may belong to the forest department, or any to the forest department, or any other government department (like other government department (like Revenue dept. or PWD.) but is Revenue dept. or PWD.) but is formally under the management of formally under the management of village panchayat or a community of village panchayat or a community of the village.the village.

Threshing floorThreshing floorThey include village sites and all They include village sites and all area of land which is earmarked for area of land which is earmarked for common use of the villagers for common use of the villagers for economic activities, such as (a) economic activities, such as (a) processing of agricultural produce , processing of agricultural produce , (b) storing of grains, other (b) storing of grains, other agricultural produce, firewood, etc., agricultural produce, firewood, etc., (c) use for other household (c) use for other household enterprise.enterprise.

Government forestGovernment forestBy legal status, forests in India are By legal status, forests in India are classified into following three categories,classified into following three categories,

Reserved forest, Reserved forest,

Protected forest,Protected forest,

Unclassified forests.Unclassified forests.

Reserved forest:Reserved forest:Reserved forests are constituted under the Reserved forests are constituted under the Indian Forest Act or other forest laws of the Indian Forest Act or other forest laws of the States. States. The government holds absolute The government holds absolute rights of ownership in reserved rights of ownership in reserved forestsforests. The products of a reserved forest . The products of a reserved forest are not to be used by the local population are not to be used by the local population unless specifically permitted by way of unless specifically permitted by way of grant of privilege and not as a matter of grant of privilege and not as a matter of right. Access to these forests is generally right. Access to these forests is generally restricted.restricted.

Protected forestProtected forest::Protected forests too are constituted under Protected forests too are constituted under the Forest Act. The locals are permitted to the Forest Act. The locals are permitted to gather all produce except those items gather all produce except those items which are specifically prohibited. Other which are specifically prohibited. Other privileges to the local population are also privileges to the local population are also permitted. The privileges commonly permitted. The privileges commonly enjoyed by the local population include enjoyed by the local population include collection of leaves, firewood, fodder and collection of leaves, firewood, fodder and other minor forest produce, grazing of other minor forest produce, grazing of cattle, etc.cattle, etc.

Unclassed forestsUnclassed forests

According to the classification by According to the classification by legal status, this category includes legal status, this category includes all other forests. Some of these all other forests. Some of these forests are privately owned. forests are privately owned.

All village forests are included in this All village forests are included in this category.category.

Common water resourcesCommon water resources

used for domestic purposes, such as used for domestic purposes, such as drinking, bathing, washing etc.drinking, bathing, washing etc.

irrigation, feedingirrigation, feeding

washing of livestock, fishing and washing of livestock, fishing and needs of other household needs of other household enterprises.enterprises.

Fishery CPR’sFishery CPR’s

There are so many CPR’s in the There are so many CPR’s in the fishery fishery

Field they are EEZ , sea , ground ,Field they are EEZ , sea , ground ,

Beach , Threshing floor, water Beach , Threshing floor, water resources ,resources ,

Threshing floorThreshing floorThey include village sites and all They include village sites and all area of land which is earmarked for area of land which is earmarked for common use of the villagers for common use of the villagers for economic activities, such as (a) economic activities, such as (a) processing of agricultural produce , processing of agricultural produce , (b) storing of grains, other (b) storing of grains, other agricultural produce, firewood, etc., agricultural produce, firewood, etc., (c) use for other household (c) use for other household enterprise.enterprise.

significant consequences significant consequences

No individual fisherman has an No individual fisherman has an incentive to restrain his catch in the incentive to restrain his catch in the interest of future returns, for interest of future returns, for anything he leaves in the sea for anything he leaves in the sea for tomorrow will be taken by others tomorrow will be taken by others today. Thus, fishery stocks tend to be today. Thus, fishery stocks tend to be used at, and frequently beyond, the used at, and frequently beyond, the point of maximum sustainable yield. point of maximum sustainable yield.

economic waste economic waste In the absence of controls on capital In the absence of controls on capital

and labour, there will tend to be too and labour, there will tend to be too much effort spent on too few fish. Inmuch effort spent on too few fish. In over-utilizedover-utilized fisheries, the same, or fisheries, the same, or even larger, amounts of fish can be even larger, amounts of fish can be taken with fewer fishermen and taken with fewer fishermen and vessels than are actually employed. vessels than are actually employed. This means that the same, or This means that the same, or greater, greater, total revenuestotal revenues could be could be produced with lower total costs. produced with lower total costs.