Common French Words - Sherwood Core French - Core...
Transcript of Common French Words - Sherwood Core French - Core...
de 1. prep. of (expresses belonging)2. prep. ‘s (used to express property or association)3. prep. from (used to indicate origin)4. prep. of (indicates an amount)5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word
le 1. art. The (definite article).2. art. Used before abstract nouns, not translated in English.3. art. (before parts of the body) The, my, your, etc.4. art. (before units) A, an.5. pron. (direct object) Him, it.
la 1. art. The (definite article).2. pron. (direct object) Her, it.3. n. (music) The note ‘A’.
et 1. conj. andque 1. conj. that (connects a noun clause)
2. conj. (construed with ne) only3. conj. Substitutes for another, previously stated conjunction.4. conj. (with the other clause in the negative) when, no sooner.5. pron. The inanimate direct-object interrogative pronoun.
à 1. prep. to (destination)2. prep. to (until)3. prep. on the, to (some directions)4. prep. at (said of a particular time)5. prep. at, in, on (said of a particular place)
les 1. art. plural of le: the2. art. plural of la: the3. pron. plural of le: them4. pron. plural of la: them
ne 1. part. (literary) not (used alone to negate a verb, now chiefly with the verbs pouvoir, savoir, cesser and oser)2. part. not, no (used before a verb, with a subsequent element following, see Usage Notes, below)3. part. Used in a subordinate clause before a subjunctive verb (especially when the main verb expresses doubt or fear), to provide extra overtones of doubt or uncertain-ty (but not negating its verb), the so-c4. part. (in grammatically negative comparative clauses that express superlatives) not (usually translated with the positive sense of the subsequent negative)
un 1. art. an, a2. num. one3. n. one4. pron. one
se 1. pron. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.il 1. pron. He, it.en 1. pron. Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity, of it, of them.
2. pron. Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already men-tioned. En replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)
3. prep. in (used to indicate space)4. prep. by (used to indicate means)5. prep. as
des 1. art. plural of un, une, du, de la, de l’-, some, the plural indefinite and partitive article.2. contr. contraction of de les: of the, from the, some.1. prep. of (expresses belonging)2. prep. ‘s (used to express property or association)3. prep. from (used to indicate origin)4. prep. of (indicates an amount)5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word1. art. plural of le: the2. art. plural of la: the3. pron. plural of le: them4. pron. plural of la: them
une 1. num. feminine of un2. art. a / an (feminine indefinite article)3. n. front page (of a publication)
qui 1. pron. (interrogative) who, whom2. pron. (relative) which, that
je 1. pron. I.dans 1. prep. in (inside)
2. prep. in, into (from outside, to inside)3. prep. in (within a period of time)4. prep. out of, from5. n. plural of dan
ce 1. pron. this, that2. pron. it, this, that
du 1. contr. contraction of de + le (of the).2. contr. contraction of de + le, forms the partitive article.1. prep. of (expresses belonging)2. prep. ‘s (used to express property or association)3. prep. from (used to indicate origin)4. prep. of (indicates an amount)5. prep. used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word1. art. The (definite article).2. art. Used before abstract nouns, not translated in English.3. art. (before parts of the body) The, my, your, etc.4. art. (before units) A, an.5. pron. (direct object) Him, it.
pas 1. n. step, pace, footstep2. n. (geography) strait (e.g., Pas de Calais, “Strait of Dover”)3. adv. (ne ... pas) not4. adv. (colloquial) not
est 1. adj. east2. n. east3. v. Third-person singular present indicative of être
1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
pour 1. prep. for2. prep. to
vous 1. pron. The plural personal pronoun in the second person:2. pron. You, to you (indirect object pronoun).3. pron. The plural or singular personal pronoun in the second person, at the polite form:
me 1. pron. (direct object) me2. pron. (indirect object) to me
plus 1. adv. more, -er (used to form comparatives of adjectives)2. adv. more, -er (used to form comparatives of adverbs)3. adv. (after a verb) more, -er (indicating a higher degree or quantity)4. adv. (before a noun) more (indicating a greater quantity, followed by de)5. adv. more (supplementary, preceded by de)
son 1. n. Sound.2. adj. (possessive) His, her, its (used to qualify masculine nouns).3. n. bran
au 1. contr. (contraction of à le, , to the, for the, at the)1. prep. to (destination)2. prep. to (until)3. prep. on the, to (some directions)4. prep. at (said of a particular time)5. prep. at, in, on (said of a particular place)1. art. The (definite article).2. art. Used before abstract nouns, not translated in English.3. art. (before parts of the body) The, my, your, etc.4. art. (before units) A, an.5. pron. (direct object) Him, it.
sur 1. prep. on, upon2. prep. on top of3. prep. above4. prep. out of5. prep. in the case of
a 1. v. third-person singular indicative present of avoir1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
par 1. prep. through2. prep. by (used to introduce a means)3. prep. over (used to express direction)
4. prep. from (used to describe the origin of something, especially a view or move-ment)5. prep. around, round (inside of)
elle 1. pron. she2. pron. disjunctive form of elle, her, à elle = hers
était 1. v. Third-person singular indicative imperfect of être1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
lui 1. pron. him, he, the third-person masculine singular personal pronoun used after a preposition, or as the predicate of a linking verb, or when disjoined from a sentence, or as a stressed subject.2. pron. Him, her, the third-person singular personal pronoun used as an indirect object.3. v. past participle of luire
sa 1. adj. (possessive) His, her, its, one’s.avait 1. v. third-person singular imperfect indicative of avoir
1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
avec 1. prep. (accompaniment) with2. prep. (manner, instrument) with
nous 1. pron. The plural personal pronoun in the first person:2. n. The nous, (divine) reason in philosophy.
si 1. conj. if2. conj. even if3. interj. yes (used to contradict a negative statement) (often followed by I do, he is, etc., in English to indicate contradiction rather than affirmation).4. adv. so, such (intensifier)
comme 1. conj. as2. conj. like3. conj. how
cette 1. pron. feminine of ce this this1. pron. this, that2. pron. it, this, that
on 1. pron. One, people, you, someone (an unspecified individual: indefinite personal pronoun).2. pron. (informal) We.
ses 1. adj. (possessive) his, her (when referring to a plural noun)tout 1. adj. all
2. adv. all3. pron. everything
y 1. pron. there (at a place)2. pron. there (to there)3. pron. Used as a pronoun to replace à followed by an indirect object. See Appendix:French verbs followed by à for verbs which use this structure.
bien 1. adv. well2. adv. indeed3. adv. (+ de, des, du) a lot of4. n. good as opposed to evil5. n. a commodity, a good
dit 1. v. past participle of dire2. v. third-person singular present indicative of dire3. v. third-person singular past historic of dire4. v. (in names) Indicating a surname used as a family name.1. v. to say, to tell2. n. saying (that which is said)3. n. belief, opinion
sans 1. prep. withoutces 1. pron. masculine and feminine plural of ce
1. pron. this, that2. pron. it, this, that
mon 1. adj. (possessive) my2. n. Followed by rank, address to a (male) superior officer in the military. Army-specific short for “monsieur”.
aux 1. contr. Contraction of à + les (to the)1. prep. to (destination)2. prep. to (until)3. prep. on the, to (some directions)4. prep. at (said of a particular time)5. prep. at, in, on (said of a particular place)1. art. plural of le: the2. art. plural of la: the3. pron. plural of le: them4. pron. plural of la: them1. contr. (contraction of à le, , to the, for the, at the)
où 1. adv. where (interrogative)2. adv. where (relative pronoun)3. adv. At that time, when.
mais 1. conj. but2. interj. (Louisiana French) an expression of surprise, disbelief, or frustration rough-ly equivalent to the English “well”, or sometimes “yeah”
ou 1. conj. or2. conj. either
deux 1. num. two2. n. two3. n. (in the plural) twos
fait 1. n. fact
2. v. third-person singular present indicative of faire3. v. past participle of faire4. adj. done5. v. past participle of faire1. vt. to do2. vt. to make3. vt. to say (of a person), to go (of an animal)4. vt. to make (cause someone or something to do something)5. v. (impersonal) To be (of the weather or various situations).
leur 1. pron. (personal) To them, them.2. pron. (possessive) Theirs.3. adj. (possessive) Their.
être 1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
moi 1. pron. me (first-person singular direct object pronoun)2. pron. to me (first-person singular indirect object pronoun)3. n. ego
faire 1. vt. to do2. vt. to make3. vt. to say (of a person), to go (of an animal)4. vt. to make (cause someone or something to do something)5. v. (impersonal) To be (of the weather or various situations).
ils 1. pron. They.sont 1. v. third-person plural present indicative of être
1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
même 1. adv. (used before the article) even2. adj. (used before the noun) same3. adj. (used after the noun) very
ma 1. adj. feminine form of mon (possessive) My.dont 1. pron. of/from whom/which.
2. pron. (sometimes) by which.3. pron. (non-gloss, Denotes a part of a set.)
ai 1. v. First-person singular indicative present of avoir1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
été 1. n. summer
2. v. past participle of être1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
encore 1. adv. still2. adv. more3. adv. again4. adv. yet
homme 1. n. man, Man (species)2. n. man (adult male human)3. n. man (virile male)4. n. man (employee)
tous 1. pron. all2. pron. everybody
ont 1. v. third-person plural present indicative of avoir1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
avoir 1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
peu 1. adv. not very, little, not much2. n. few3. n. little
tu 1. pron. You (singular), thou.2. v. past participle of taire1. vt. to quieten, to shut up, to silence2. vr. to shut up, to fall silent
donc 1. adv. therefore, thus.fut 1. v. third-person singular indicative past historic of être
1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
aussi 1. adv. too, also, as well2. adv. as3. conj. therefore
autre 1. adj. other2. adj. another
temps 1. n. (uncountable) time (in general)2. n. (uncountable) weather3. n. (countable) tense (grammar)
rien 1. pron. nothing2. pron. anything
mes 1. adj. plural of mon (possessive) My.leurs 1. adj. (possessive) plural of leur Their.
2. pron. (possessive) plural of leur Their.vie 1. n. life (all meanings)point 1. n. point (small mark)
2. n. (sports) point3. n. full stop, period (punctuation mark)4. adv. (literary, dialectal, usually with “ne”) not5. v. past participle of poindre
votre 1. adj. (possessive) Your, belonging to you (plural).sous 1. prep. below, under
2. n. plural of souquelque 1. pron. some (singular)jamais 1. adv. (ne ... jamais) never
2. adv. evertoujours 1. adv. always
2. adv. stillfemme 1. n. woman
2. n. wifefois 1. n. time, an instance of something happening, a repetition
2. n. (arithmetic) times, multiplied by3. n. plural of foi
suis 1. v. first-person singular present indicative of être2. v. first-person singular present indicative of suivre3. v. second-person singular present indicative of suivre1. v. to follow1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
après 1. prep. after2. adv. afterwards
quand 1. conj. when2. adv. when
étaient 1. v. Third-person plural indicative imperfect of être1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
quelques 1. adj. some (plural)1. pron. some (singular)
monde 1. n. world2. n. people
te 1. pron. (direct object) You.2. pron. (indirect object) You.
moins 1. adv. less2. adv. (with numbers) minus, negative3. adv. (preceded by a definite article) the least4. n. the minus sign5. prep. minus
cela 1. pron. that2. v. third-person singular past historic of celer
toutes 1. adj. feminine plural of tout1. adj. all2. adv. all3. pron. everything
yeux 1. n. plural of œil1. n. eye, organ that is sensitive to light, helping organisms to see2. n. glyph, rendering of a single character3. n. eye (of a needle), plural œils
toute 1. adj. feminine of toutentre 1. prep. between
2. prep. among3. v. first-person singular present indicative of entrer4. v. third-person singular present indicative of entrer5. v. first-person singular present subjunctive of entrer1. vi. to enter
jour 1. n. day2. n. daylight, light3. n. aperture
autres 1. adj. plural form of autre1. adj. other2. adj. another
voir 1. v. to see (visually)2. v. to see (to understand)3. v. to see (to visit, to go and see)
jeune 1. adj. young2. n. youth, a young person
dire 1. v. to say, to tell2. n. saying (that which is said)3. n. belief, opinion
ni 1. conj. neither, norcoeur 1. n. nonstandard spelling of cœur
1. n. (anatomy) heart
2. n. (geometry, sort=coeur) heart, heart shape3. n. heart (love)4. n. (card games, sort=coeur) hearts (the suit)5. n. (physics, sort=coeur) the core of a nuclear reactor
chez 1. prep. to the house of2. prep. at the house of3. prep. among (a group of things or people of the same type)
notre 1. adj. (possessive) Our.grand 1. adj. big, great, grand
2. adj. talllà 1. adv. therecet 1. pron. thistrès 1. adv. veryjusque 1. adv. until, up tomoment 1. n. moment (short period of time)
2. n. a whiletrois 1. num. threefaut 1. v. Third-person singular indicative present form of falloir, to be necessary
1. v. (impersonal) To be necessaryvers 1. prep. towards
2. prep. around, circa (with a date)3. n. verse4. n. plural of ver
hommes 1. n. plural of homme1. n. man, Man (species)2. n. man (adult male human)3. n. man (virile male)4. n. man (employee)
fit 1. v. third-person singular indicative past historic of faire1. vt. to do2. vt. to make3. vt. to say (of a person), to go (of an animal)4. vt. to make (cause someone or something to do something)5. v. (impersonal) To be (of the weather or various situations).
peut 1. v. third-person singular present indicative of pouvoir1. v. can, to be able to2. v. may3. n. (countable or uncountable) Power, a power.4. n. Authority5. n. (legal) power of attorney
trop 1. adv. too, too muchcontre 1. prep. against (in physical contact with)
2. prep. against (not in favor of)3. prep. against (having as an opponent)4. v. first-person singular present indicative of contrer
5. v. third-person singular present indicative of contreravaient 1. v. third-person plural imperfect indicative of avoir
1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
tête 1. n. head (part of the body)2. n. head (leader)
alors 1. conj. then (at that time)2. conj. so, hence
main 1. n. hand2. n. (soccer) handball3. n. (poker) hand
chose 1. n. thingdepuis 1. prep. since
2. prep. since, ever since3. prep. for4. prep. from
car 1. n. car2. n. coach3. conj. as, since, because, for
jours 1. n. plural of jour (day), days1. n. day2. n. daylight, light3. n. aperture
nos 1. adj. plural of notre (possessive) Our (belonging to us).avez 1. v. second-person plural present indicative of avoir
1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
devant 1. prep. before2. prep. in front of3. prep. outside4. n. front5. v. present participle of devoir
porte 1. n. door2. n. gate (to a city, at airport)3. n. (figuratively) gateway, means, door4. v. First-person singular indicative present of porter5. v. Third-person singular indicative present of porter1. v. to carry2. v. to wear
eût 1. v. third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of avoir1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
ainsi 1. adv. in this way, thuspère 1. n. father (parent)
2. n. father (clergyman)tant 1. adv. so much
2. adv. so manyassez 1. adv. enough
2. adv. quite3. adv. rather
petit 1. adj. small2. adj. little3. n. small one (anything that is small), little one (anything that is little)4. n. little one (child)
ans 1. n. plural of an1. n. A year.
mort 1. v. past participle of mourir2. adj. dead3. n. death4. n. dead person1. vi. to die, to be dying2. v. (figuratively, with “de”) to be dying
heures 1. n. plural of heure1. n. hour, time
avant 1. adv. beforehand, earlier2. prep. before (in time)3. prep. before (in space), in front of, ahead of4. n. front5. n. (sports) forward
fille 1. n. girl2. n. daughter3. n. (slang) prostitute, wench
elles 1. pron. they (female).2. pron. them (female).1. pron. she2. pron. disjunctive form of elle, her, à elle = hers
air 1. n. air (gases of the atmosphere)2. n. tune, aria3. n. appearance4. n. air (pretension)
déjà 1. adv. already
2. adv. before, agoamour 1. n. lovenon 1. adv. no
2. conj. not3. interj. no!
grande 1. adj. feminine of grand1. adj. big, great, grand2. adj. tall
aurait 1. v. Third-person singular present conditional of avoir1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
seul 1. adj. lonely, alone2. adj. only3. adj. single
serait 1. v. Third-person singular conditional of être1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
monsieur 1. n. mister, sir (a title or form of address for a man)soit 1. conj. either ... or
2. v. Third-person singular present subjunctive of être3. adv. OK, granted, so be it.1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
pendant 1. adj. hanging2. n. stone that dangles on earrings3. n. match, counterpart4. prep. during, throughout5. v. present participle of pendre
pays 1. n. land, country, region2. n. (politics, geography) country
avais 1. v. first-person singular imperfect indicative of avoir2. v. second-person singular imperfect indicative of avoir1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
puis 1. adv. then
2. conj. andcoup 1. n. blow, hit, strike
2. n. fast and instantaneous action: jeter un coup d’œil3. n. elementary action that may be repeated (e.g. in a game): boire un coup4. n. small quantity: mettre un coup de peinture5. n. planned action: préparer son coup
maison 1. n. housebeaucoup 1. adv. much, very much, a lotheure 1. n. hour, timepremier 1. adj. first
2. adj. prime (number etc)3. n. first4. n. premier5. n. prime minister
fort 1. adj. strong, powerful2. adj. (informal) skilled, proficient, successful, sometimes translated “good” (often used in reference to academic subjects)3. adv. strongly4. adv. much, a lot5. adv. (when preceding an adjective) the most (equivalent to the superlative of the adjective)
bon 1. adj. good2. adj. right, correct
nuit 1. n. night2. v. third person singular present of nuire
terre 1. n. earth, soil2. n. land, property (delimited area)3. v. first-person singular present indicative of terrer4. v. third-person singular present indicative of terrer5. v. first-person singular present subjunctive of terrer
peut-être 1. adv. maybe, perhapsesprit 1. n. spirit, enthusiasm
2. n. mindâme 1. n. (religion, philosophy) soul
2. n. (moral, intellectual centre) soul, heart, mind3. n. soul, person4. n. bore (of a cannon)5. n. soundpost (of a violin etc.)
répondit 1. v. third-person singular past historic form of répondre1. vi. To reply, to answer
pouvait 1. v. third-person singular imperfect indicative of pouvoir1. v. can, to be able to2. v. may3. n. (countable or uncountable) Power, a power.4. n. Authority
5. n. (legal) power of attorneypersonne 1. n. person
2. pron. (with ne) no one, nobody3. pron. anyone
mieux 1. adv. (comparative of bien), better2. n. the best of one’s ability, best
gens 1. n. (pluralonly) set of peoplemère 1. n. motherprès 1. adv. near, closepeine 1. n. pain
2. n. effort, trouble3. n. sorrow1. v. to struggle, toil2. v. to cause pain to, afflict
eu 1. v. past participle of avoir1. n. asset, possession2. vt. to have (to own)3. vi. to have to4. v. (auxiliary) to have (auxiliary verb to form compound past tenses of most verbs)5. v. to be, to be aged (speaking of age)
ici 1. adv. hereami 1. n. friend (one who is affectionately attached to another)
2. n. male friendsera 1. v. Third-person singular future indicative of être
1. v. to be2. v. (auxiliary) Used to form the perfect and pluperfect tense of certain verbs (in-cluding all reflexive verbs)3. v. (auxiliary) to be (Used to form the passive voice)4. n. being, creature
mille 1. num. thousand, a thousand, one thousand2. n. thousand3. n. mile (abbreviation mi)4. n. nautical mile (short for mille nautique)
pu 1. v. past participle of pouvoir2. v. (Only in falconry) past participle of paître1. vi. To graze.1. v. can, to be able to2. v. may3. n. (countable or uncountable) Power, a power.4. n. Authority5. n. (legal) power of attorney
nom 1. n. A name, especially a last name or family name.2. n. A noun.
petite 1. adj. feminine of petit1. adj. small2. adj. little3. n. small one (anything that is small), little one (anything that is little)
4. n. little one (child)celui 1. pron. the onemadame 1. n. a title or form of address for a woman, formerly for a married woman and now
commonly for any adult woman regardless of marital status2. n. madam, Mrs. or Ms.
mal 1. n. trouble, difficulty2. n. pain3. n. evil4. adv. badly5. adj. (in set phrases and limited constructions) bad
ceux 1. pron. (plural of celui) those1. pron. the one
chambre 1. n. room (in a hotel)2. n. bedroom3. n. chamber4. n. house (of a parliament)
faisait 1. v. third-person singular imperfect indicative of faire.1. vt. to do2. vt. to make3. vt. to say (of a person), to go (of an animal)4. vt. to make (cause someone or something to do something)5. v. (impersonal) To be (of the weather or various situations).
eux 1. pron. They: disjunctive form of ils.bras 1. n. arm