Common Bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

• A. M. S. B. AthapaththuUWU/EAG/11/0016• K. G. A. P. Dulanjalee UWU/EAG/11/0019

Scientific classification

Kingdom: PlantaeOrder : FabalesFamily : FabaceaeGenus : PhaseolusSpecies : P. vulgaris

Introduction• An annual, herbaceous plant• Other names- Green Bean, String Bean,

Field Bean• Origin - in Central Mexico• Production -about 21 million metric tons

annually• Producing countries -about 150 countries

Latin America , Brazil, Mexico , Africa (Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Congo)

• In Sri Lanka beans can be grown in all agro-ecological regions except the up-country wet zone

• Well-drained soils are suitable• pH - 6 to 6.5• Temperature (Optimum) - 20 to 26 °C (The maximum temperature during flowering should not exceed 30 °C)• Annual rain fall - 600 to 650 mm• Light – short day plant

Ecological Requirements

• Leaves - broad at the base, can be simple or compound

• Roots -single main taproot & fibrous roots• Fruit -Pod (economically important part)• Great diversity of phenotypes

-colour, pod size ,seed size

Importance

• Pod – as a vegetable , rich source of protein(18-30%), vitamins, minerals, and fiber

• Leaves - occasionally used as a vegetable, straw can be used for fodder

• Medicinal use - diseases concerning heart, kidney and bladder dysfunctions

• Restore soil fertility

Varieties of Common Bean1. Bush bean

a) WadePods - dark green, round, fleshy, stringless and smooth surfaced, medium longb) Top CropPods-light green, flattened to round, stringless, medium long

2. Pole beana) Kentucky Wonder GreenPods - green, oval cordate, medium size, stringy, slightly S-shapedb) Kentucky Wonder WaxPods - light yellow, oval cordate, short to medium length, stringy, curvedc) Other promising varieties

-Pees Butter- Katugastota -Lanka Nill

Main disease in bean cultivation

1. Pythium rot2. Collar rot3. Anthracnose4. Rust5. Bacterial blight6. Bean mosaic virus

Pythium rot (Pythium spp.)

• SymptomsScorching of leaves

  Browning of basal stem and roots

• Control

-Avoid continuous cultivation in the same field

-Facilitate good drainage-Avoid excessive use of nitrogen-Use recommended fungicides for seed and soil treatment

Collar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii)• Symptoms

-Yellowing of leaves -Rotting at base of stem -Presence of a white mycelia mat at collar region

• ControlAvoid accumulation of plant debris on the soil

Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum)

• Symptoms -Sunken spots on pods and leaves -Discoloration of buds and die back of plant

•  Control

- Use a recommended fungicide

  Rust (Uromyces sp.)

• Symptoms-light reddish-brown colored small

raised blister like spots appear on leaves and pods• Control

-Use a recommended fungicide

Bacterial blight (Xanthomonas phaseoli)

• Symptoms-Leaves develop water-soaked spots, turn brown,

and fall-Water-soaked spots appear on pods

• Control-Follow a crop, rotation-Use resistant varieties-Remove all diseased plants at the earliest

symptoms

  Bean mosaic virus

• Symptoms-Yellow and dark green mottling on leaves

-Plant stunting• Control-Use resistant varieties-Use virus-free seed

Main Pests

• Leafminer fly –photosynthetic reduction , yield loss

• Root borer –in two leaves stage, spirally boring into the stem core of plants

• Bean Aphids - leaves then turn yellow and become crumpled

• Thrips – feed on plant sap

• Bean pod borer - larva chews on flower parts, thus affects pollination or make flowers drop

Management Practices• Land PreparationThe soil should be ploughed to a depth of 30-40cm and worked to very fine tilth

• Seed EstablishmentSeed rate Bush bean - 75 kg/ha Pole bean - 50 kg/ha

Time of plantingAfter heavy rains is recommended for both Maha and Yala seasons

Planting and spacinga) Dibble seed on raised bedsb) Spacing Bush bean - 50 x 10 cm

Pole bean - 60 x 45 cm

• Fertilizer application Basal- apply the following formulation and rates:

-Urea-190 kg/ha-TSP-285 kg/ha-Murate of potash-150 kg/ha

Top dressing-apply 125 kg/ha of urea 4 week after planting

• IrrigationDaily- until germination is complete Once every 2-3 days - until the crop is

established Maintenance of adequate moisture during flowering and pod-filling stage is very important

• Weeding1. Bush beansa. Earth-up 1 week after plantingb. Weed 3 weeks after planting to, coincide with fertilizer application

2. Pole beansa. Weed 2 and 6 weeks after plantingb. When an-inverted trellis is used, two additional weedings are needed to control weeds between rows

• Other- Stake pole beans when, support is required- Add mulch to the planting beds

• HarvestingFresh beans-picked at an immature stage, when the seeds inside have not yet fully developed

-firm, sizable pods and snap or cut off the plant. Do not tear the plant

Dry beans- Pods can also be left on the plant to dry completely

• Storage-Store beans in a moisture-proof, airtight container in the refrigerator-Beans can be kept fresh for about 4 days, or blanched and frozen immediately after harvesting-Beans can also be canned or pickled

Constrains

• Susceptibility to diseases• Narrow range of genetic diversity• Inefficient plant types and law yielding

varieties• Lack of suitable varieties for different agro

ecological zones• Competition from weeds• Law level of crop management by farmers

Thank you..