commissioning lecture (1).ppt

8/20/2019 commissioning lecture (1).ppt

1/59

> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays1

Test Options (1)

1. Primary injection sensitivity tests only

Minimum of time consumed

If results incorrect, secondary injection and CT testsrequired

Unable to check !

a. "dequate timin# curves

b. $irectional %ro%erties

c. Po&er and im%edance relays

'ot suitable for maintenance tests


2/59


Test Options (2)

(. )econdary injection tests

*+ut &ith C.T.s still connected-

True %rimary sensitivity easily equated

If results incorrect isolated relay and CT ma#.curve checks necessary

ef. for maint., but system outa#e required

Primary tests on C.T. ratio and %olarity stillrequired on commissionin#


3/59


/. )econdary injection tests

*+ut &ith relays isolated by test facility-

Proof of isolated relay characteristic obtained

ef. for maintenance obtained*relay if necessary tested &ith system on load-

0ull %rimary injectionon load tests done on initial

commissionin# only

Test Options (3)


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2. 3n load tests

Checks that e4%ected C.T. 5.T. quantities %resent at test

facility

)cheme stability for e4ternal faults

Proof of correct directional characteristics

Test Options (4)


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1. )econdary injection *isolated relay-

(. Primary injection

*incl. C.T. ratio, %hasin# and ma#. curve-

/. 3n load tests

Summary


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To assure ourselves, and the interested authorities,

that the overall %rotective system functions

correctly

esist %ressures to take risks

)tudy &irin# dia#rams and %rotection requirements

6ey dia#ram

$ele#ate res%onsibilities

3bserve safety of self and others

Site Testing and Commissioning of Protection Equipment


7/59> Commissioning & Maintenance of Protective Relays7

Commissioning Fo! C"art

Summary (1)

To assure ourselves, and the interested

authorities, that the overall %rotective

system functions correctly.

)tudy of &irin# dia#rams and %rotection

requirements.

Careful dele#ation of res%onsibilities to

reduce the du%lication of effort and to

ensure that all the follo&in# as%ects are

covered !




Summary (2)

Insulation Tests

)econdary Injection Tests *elay Tests-

7nsure clean dust free area

Mechanical ins%ection

3ut!#oin# contact &irin#

74ternal resistors

C.T. shortin# and isolatin# s&itches

Contact follo&!throu#h and %ressures

7lectrical checks on each basic electrical function

to %rove satisfactory o%eration Prove tri% and alarm circuits

Test results *record and maintenance %ur%oses-




Summary (3)

Primary injection tests

$.C. flick tests on C.T.s

C.T. ma# curve tests

C.T. ratio and %olarity tests

Primary sensitivity tests

)tability tests

Test results




Summary (4)

8ine Transformer 9enerator ener#isation

5.T. ratio and %hasin# tests

3n load tests

)tability tests

$irectional %ro%erties

At the end of each stage ask yourself :-

Is there anything wrong, wiring or otherwise,

that Ihave not checked that may prevent correctoperation

If so, CHECK I !" #



#aintenance of

Protecti$e %eays (1)

$re%uency of &aintenance

'ictated (y :-

a) he site condition

() he availa(ility of maintenance sta* andresources

c) he availa(ility of plant outage times

d) he risks involved if the protection

should fail

e) he type of relay construction



#aintenance of


$re%uency of &aintenance +continued)

f) he proven relia(ility of devices underidentical site conditions

g) he availa(ility of (uilt-in self-checkfeatures

or semi-automatic test facilities, and thediculties of alternative tests

h) he interval of time an unepectedcatastrophic

failure, component or otherwise, thatmay go

undetected and leave the systemunprotected



#aintenance of


3nerous site conditions !

1. $usty or dirty environments

(. Corrosive chemical atmos%heres

/. 0requent or continuous vibration

2. :i#h humidity

;. :i#h or cyclin# tem%eratures



#aintenance of


5isual ins%ections

The commissionin# test sta#e

"t each maintenance test

"fter heavy fault clearance

More re#ularly if onerous site conditions

Calibration tests

Tri% testin#



#aintenance of

Protecti$e %eays (&)

ecommended maintenance tests

Instruction manuals

ecord relay settin#s

5isual ins%ection

)econdary injection tests

Contact inte#rity

eturn to >in!service settin#s

Check ener#isin# quantities



#aintenance of

Protecti$e %eays (')

elays involvin# static *electronic- com%onents

7lectro!static dischar#e *7)$-

?rist stra%s

Modern static relays *6!)7I7), MiC3M etc.-

0ault find to board level only

Protect boards



Correcti$e #aintenance of


Cleanin# solvents

Trichlortrifluorethane *3@one dama#in#-

*"rklone, 0reon, 0lourisol and )u%ersolve-

P3A3'7

Contact lubricants and other lubricants

Contact cleanin# burnishers

Contact %ressures and settin#s

$ust removal

elay recalibration *?hyB-



Contents of Section 23 of P%*+ (1)

(Protecti$e %eay ppication *uide)

Insulation tests

Current transformer tests

5olta#e transformer tests

Test facilities

)econdary injection tests

3.C. and 7.0.

$ifferential

Pilot &ires

'e#ative %hase sequence

$irectional $istance

$.C. o%erated



Primary Injection Test * on load tests-

3.C. and 7.0. relays

$irectional

9enerator $ifferential Transformer $ifferential

estricted 7.0.

Pilot ?ire

+usbar

'e#ative %hase sequence





Tri%%in# and "larm "nnunciation

Periodic Maintenance

In addition to P"9 !

Consult instruction manuals





o relay coils

o main .o maincurrenttransformers

o C testwindings+if any)

Test Termina ,oc-

o relay coils

o main .o maincurrent

transformers

o C testwindings+if any)

A / C A / C 0 A



o relay coils

o main currenttransformers

o main .

A

/

C

0

A

/

C

0

Currenttestsockets

.oltagetestsockets

est selector swi&ake (efore (reon C Circuits

Test S!itc" and Soc-ets



Current Transformer

Poarity C"ec-

12

13

4342 5-

1ush(uttonswitch

/attery

5-A


24/59


Current Transformer

%atio C"ec-

A / C

A2

A3

13 43

4212

1rimary in6ectiontest set

278. AC supply

9elay or test (lock contact ngers

73

est pluginsulation

;<

73

73

emporaryshortcircuit


25/59


Testing Current Transformer

#agneti.ing Cur$e

A / C

1343

4212

.

est plug isolatingcurrent transformersfrom relay coils

.aria(letransformer278. =A

278.A Csupply

4tep-up transforif re%uired

&ain circuit(reaker open

o relaycoils

A


26/59


/otage Transformer

P"asing C"ec-

A

/C

.3

.2

.0

.>

.

A / C 1hase rotationmeter

A

/C

.3

.2


27/59


K 2

K 1

A

9ange

ad6usting C

Coarse

controlreactor

$ine controlvaria(letransformer

278.A Csupply

4upplyswitch

/ackingtransformer38? control

&ediumcontrolreactor

In6ectiontransformer

4tarttimer

4toptimer

73

I

9elaycoil

9elay short-circuiting switch

9elay current I @ Ammeter reading +A)

O$ercurrent Test Set

, i C C Ci i


28/59


,asic Current Contro Circuit

of CF, Test0Set

228278.AC4upply78;8HB

hermal !verload !vervoltage1rotection

4upplyContractor

4upply 4horting4witch imer

4tart+/reak to 4tart)

>3 >2

38

.ariac .3

In6ectionD&atchingCFF

! . ' e t e c t o r

C i r c u

i t

!utputto9elay

723

;8HB

78HB

;8HB

78HB

3

8F3A

8F2A

8F7A

3A

2A

7A

38A

A

S i i i C" -


29/59


Sensiti$ity C"ec- on

,iased ifferentia %eay

est plug

ngers

/ /

!1

o main currenttransformers!ver current

test set

278.AFCF supply

!1 9elay operating coi/ 9elay (ias coil

T ti ,i C" t i ti


30/59


Testing ,ias C"aracteristics

(sing O$ercurrent Test Set)

To main current

transformers

+ +3P

I1I(

"1

I(

"(

Test %lu#fin#ers

I1

(;D5 ".C.su%%ly

3vercurrenttest set

T ti % ,i C" t i ti


31/59


Testing %eay ,ias C"aracteristic

(sing %esistances)

To main current

transformers

+ +

3P

I1I(

"1

I(

"(

1 (

Test %lu#fin#ers

I1

(;D5 ".C.su%%ly

"1 and "( "mmeters

3P elay o%eratin# coil

+ elay bias coil

S iti it T t


32/59


est

plug

$eeder isolated

/!1

1ilots

!vercurrenttest set

278.AFCF supply

A/C

9elay

contactngers

/!1

Sensiti$ity Test

T ti S iti it f ti


33/59


Testing Sensiti$ity of egati$e

P"ase Sequence %eay

A

/

C

0

!vercurrent

test set


34/59


Test Equipment for irectiona %eays

. .oltmeterA Ammeter1A 1hase angle mete

o other voltage coilsof relay under test+if re%uired)

A

/C0

.aria(letransformerfor currentcontrol

Choke


35/59


Primary n5ection Test Set

278. AFCF

supply

A

.aria(le transformer


36/59


Primary C"ec- on

#ain Current Transformers

emporary threphase short circ

1rimaryin6ectiontest set

278.AFCF supply

A

/

C

73

73

73

;<

A73 !vercurrent relay;< Earth fault relayA Ammeter

Sensiti$ity Test on Eart" Faut %eay


37/59


Sensiti$ity Test on Eart" Faut %eay

73

73

278.

AFCFsupply

A

/

C

73

;<


6oad Test on irectiona


38/59


6oad Test on irectiona

O$ercurrent %eays

>oadcurrent

A

/

C

'irection of powerowfor relay operation

1A

1A

A.

'irectional overcurrentrelays

A Ammeter. .oltmeter1A 1hase angle

meter

A /C

Test Pug 6in- Connections to


39/59


Test Pug 6in- Connections to

%e$erse Current seen 7y %eay

o relay

o main . and C

28 3J 3= 3 3; 37 3< 3G 32 33

3 2 G < 7 ; = J 38est plug

6oad Test on irectiona Eart" Faut %eay


40/59


6oad Test on irectiona Eart" Faut %eay

A Ammeter. .oltmeter1A 1hase angle meter

A

1A

.

1A

A / C 1

3

1

24

3

4

2

IA

7373

73

.

3.

2

.

>

.

0

emporaryshortcircuitconnectionsInsulatingstrips inrelay or test

(lock contact ngers

'irectionalearthfault relay

>oad

current

A Ammeter. .oltmeter1A 1hase angle meter

A

1A.

1A

A / C 1

3

1

24

3

4

2

IA

7373

73

.

3.

2

.

>

.

0

emporaryshortcircuitconnectionsInsulatingstrips inrelay or test

(lock contact ngers

'irectionalearthfault relay

>oadcurrent

Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia


41/59


Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia

Protection sing Primary n5ection Test

A/

C

= enerator di*erential r

. .oltmeterA Ammeter


278. AFCFsupply

enerator

Isolatinglinks

=.

=

A

=

Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia Protection


42/59


Testing Sensiti$ity of *enerator ifferentia Protection

sing *enerator to Suppy Primary Current

= enerator di*erential. .oltmeter

enerator

Isolatinglinks

A

/

C

emporary

shortcircuit

=.

==

C"ec-ing Sta7iity of *enerator


43/59


C"ec-ing Sta7iity of *enerator

ifferentia Protection

A

/

C

= enerator di*erentialA Ammeter

enerator

Isolating

links


=

A

==

AA

4horts acrossrelaysta(ilising

resistors

Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer


44/59


Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer



A

278.AFCFsupply

1rimary

in6ection

testset

!peratingcoils

= = =

/iascoils

A

/

C

P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer


45/59


P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec- on Transformer



A

278.AFCFsupply

!peratingcoils

= = =

/iascoils

A

/

C


Sta7iity C"ec- on Transformer


46/59


Sta7iity C"ec- on Transformer


emporary shortcircuitenerator

= ==

/iascoils A

L

!peratingcoils

Instantaneous current distri(ution forthree-phase short circuit with phase A

current at maimum

Sensiti$ity C"ec- of %estricted


47/59


Sensiti$ity C"ec- of %estricted

Eart" Faut Protection

A278. AFCF

supply

1rimaryin6ectiontest set A

/

C

;<

.

;< Earth $ault 9elayA Ammeter. .oltmeter

Sta7iity C"ec- of %estricted Eart"


48/59


Sta7iity C"ec- of %estricted Eart"

Faut Protection

;< Earth $ault 9elA Ammeter

278. AFCFsupply

A

/

C

;<

A emporary shortcircuit

A


Sensiti$ity C"ec- of egati$e


49/59


Sensiti$ity C"ec- of egati$e

P"ase Sequence %eay


50/59


Test Pug 6in- Connections for

6oad Current Test

o relay

lter network

28 3J 3= 3 3; 37 3< 3G 32 33

3 2 G < 7 ; = J 38

A / C 0

Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-


51/59


Eart" Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-

of Piot 8ire %eay

/ 9elay (ias coil !1 9elay operating coil A

Ammeter

A

/

C

278. AFCF supply


A

/

!1

1ilots toremoteend relay

P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-


52/59


P"ase Faut Sensiti$ity C"ec-

of Piot 8ire %eay

/ 9elay (ias coil!1 9elay operatingcoilA Ammeter

A / C


A

!1

1ilots toremote

end relay

/

278. AFCF supply

6oad Current istri7ution


53/59


6oad Current istri7ution

Instantaneous currentdistri(ution of three-phase

(alanced load withphase A current atmaimum

A / C A /C$eede

r

/

!1

/

!1

1ilots

S"ort0Circuiting Connections


54/59


S"ort Circuiting Connections

on Test Pug for 6oad Test

o relay summation C

A / C 0

28 3J 3= 3 3; 37 3< 3G 32

3 2 G < 7 ; = J

4hort circuiting connectionson rear of test plug

o main currenttransformers

A

%atio C"ec- of Current Transformers


55/59


%atio C"ec- of Current Transformers

of %eference Circuit

A3 and A2 Ammeters

= /us(ar 1rotectionrelayJ7 4upervision relayJ7 /us wires short-

circuiting relay

= ==J7

J7

A/C

0

A2

Mone(us

wires

estlinks


A3

278.AFCFsupply

Poarity C"ec- of %eference


56/59


y

Circuit Current Transformers

A Ammeter

= /us(ar 1rotection relayJ7 4upervision relayJ7 /us wires short- circuiting relay

= ==J7

J7

A/C0

A

Mone

(uswires

estlink s


A278.AFCFsupply

emporary short circuitA /

C

CT nter0*roup %atio and Poarity C"ec- in


57/59


p y

,us7ar Protection Sc"eme

A3 Ammeter for ratio check

A2 Ammeter for polarity

check = /us(ar protection relayJ7 4upervision relayJ7 /us wires short- circuiting relay

2 7 8 . A F C

F s u p p l y

emporary

shortcircuit

1 r i m a

r y

i n 6 e c t i

o n

t e s t s

e t

A/C0

A

A

3

A

3

A

3

A

3

A2A2

A2

9eference

circuit

est circuit

est

link s

Mone(uswires

J7===J7

Sensiti$ity C"ec- of ,us7ar


58/59


y

Protection Sc"eme

= ==J7

J7

A/C

0

Mone(us

wires

estlinks


A

278.AFCFsupply

.

A /C

Sta7iity Test


59/59

y

est

plug

/!1

!vercurrenttest set

278.AFCF supply

A

/C

/!1

est

plug

1ilots

commissioning lecture (1).ppt

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Transcript of commissioning lecture (1).ppt