Commissione 1, Roma, 3 Aprile 2007M. Villa Stato del LUCID M. Villa per il LUCID group Storia...

Commissione 1, Roma, 3 Aprile 2007M. Villa

Stato del LUCID

M. Villa per il LUCID group

• Storia recente• Nuova strategia rivelatore• Tests su fascio• Tests di irraggiamento• Elettronica• Meccanica• Simulazione• Costi

LUminosity measurement using Cerenkov Integrating Detector


Gruppi partecipanti• University of Alberta (Detector mechanics, gas system, HV,

LV, optical-fibre cables, simulation, installation) – J. L. Pinfold, R. Soluk, J. Soukup (chief mechanical engineer), Y. Yao.

• University of Bologna (Detector mechanics, DAQ, readout electronics, HV, LV, trigger, simulation, radiation testing, slow controls, installation)– A. Bertin, M. Bruschi, D. Caforio, R. Di Sipio, S. De Castro, I. D’Antone (elec. chief engineer), L. Fabbri, P. Faccioli, B. Giacobbe, I. Massa, M. Piccinini, M. Poli, C. Sbarra, A. Sbrizzi, N. Semprini-Cesari, R. Spighi, M. Villa, A. Vitale, A. Zoccoli

• CERN (Simulation, calibration)– S. Ask, P. Grafstrom,

• University of Lund/CERN (Integration, electronics)– V. Hedberg, B. Lundberg

• University of Alberta (Detector mechanics, gas system, HV, LV, optical-fibre cables, simulation, installation) – J. L. Pinfold, R. Soluk, J. Soukup (chief mechanical engineer), Y. Yao.

• University of Bologna (Detector mechanics, DAQ, readout electronics, HV, LV, trigger, simulation, radiation testing, slow controls, installation)– A. Bertin, M. Bruschi, D. Caforio, R. Di Sipio, S. De Castro, I. D’Antone (elec. chief engineer), L. Fabbri, P. Faccioli, B. Giacobbe, I. Massa, M. Piccinini, M. Poli, C. Sbarra, A. Sbrizzi, N. Semprini-Cesari, R. Spighi, M. Villa, A. Vitale, A. Zoccoli

• CERN (Simulation, calibration)– S. Ask, P. Grafstrom,

• University of Lund/CERN (Integration, electronics)– V. Hedberg, B. Lundberg


Storia recente• Feb. 2004: LUCID - part of the “ATLAS Luminosity

measurement Letter of Intent”• Jul. 2005: Bologna group joins LUCID working group• Nov. 2005: 1st test beam - yield 5.5 PEs/tube @1.25 bar• Aug. 2006: 2nd test beam (better alignment, correction

from silicon telescope, bigger exit aperture for WC, etc)– Light yield ~14 PEs/tube @1.25 bar with WC to MaPMT – Light yield ~60 PEs/tube @1.25 bar with WC to PMT.

• Dec. 2006: 3rd test beam - test of electronics & DAQ • Jan. 2007: ATLAS Review of Phase 1 (low lumi) LUCID

detector - for proposed installation in August 2007• Feb. 2007: LUCID becames an ATLAS Project


Attività di Bologna

Development of the DAQ/TRIGGER/Slow control electronics

Participation in the Test Beam @ Desy (Aug 06, Dec 06) and data analysis

Monte Carlo: development and optimization of the code (to reproduce the test beam results).Simulation of the backgrounds.

Optical test on benches to check the detector performances and tune the MC

Radiation hardness studies Detector design, mechanical construction and

installation


Funzionamento

• Un gruppo di tubi di alluminio internamente riflettente e riempito di gas C4F10 funziona come rivelatore Cherenkov

• La luce Cherenkov, prodotta da particelle cariche coassiali al tubo, è emessa (tipicamente) con un angolo di 3° dall’asse e fa 3 riflessioni prima di arrivare in fondo nella zona di raccolta

• Non ci sono fluttuazioni di landau:

• Il rivelatore ha una buona risoluzione temporale (2-3 ns). E’ possibile studiare BX singoli.

tr INN N N L


Funzionamento• Scopo del LUCID è di contare il numero di particelle che incidono

sul rivelatore, provenienti dalla zona dell’interazione primaria e usare questa informazione per una misura di luminosità. Alta accettanza forward detector.

• Il rivelatore è intrinsecamente rad-hard e leggero; occorre valutare la resistenza alla radiazione degli elementi di lettura della luce.

• Esperienza in CDF:

• Opzioni:


LUCID locationPseudorapidity coverage 5.6< |<6.0 Radiator C4F10

20 x1.5 m polished Al tubes (D=1.5cm)

2 bundles of projective 2 bundles of projective Cerenkov tubes around Cerenkov tubes around the beam pipe at the beam pipe at ~17 m ~17 m from the interaction from the interaction point on each sidepoint on each side

Beam pipe


LUCID Review 29/01/07The LUCID REVIEW


New strategy PHASE 1 - Low lumi L < ~ 1033 cm-2 s-1 ends 2009Dominating sys for many studiesFinal goal ~ 4-5%+ pp (CDF:~4% )

PHASE 2 – High lumi L ~ 1034 cm-2 s-1 after 2009Final goal ~ 2-3% +pp


Outcome of the Review:

• Reviewers: progetto consigliato per l’approvazione• Goal principale: installare per luglio• Iniziare subito gli ordini (PMT – 4 mesi)• Iniziare subito la meccanica• Invito formale per una partecipazione di Bologna sulla meccanica

32 PMT nella regione ad alta radiazione+2 MAPMT = circa 160 canali di R.O.

Punti critici:Durata PMT sotto irraggiamentoEffetto dei fotoni cherenkov prodotti

nella finestra di quarzo del PMT


Detector Design


Meccanica

• Attività a Bologna: progettazione vessel


Testbeam results


Radiation Hardness


Gain variations


ElettronicsP

P

D

D


SimulationsEVENT

GENERATOR

Simulationof hard and soft pp interactions

PHOJET 1.12

ATLAS

Simulation of the whole detector, except for an empty volume

to be filled with LUCID

GCALOR

LUCID

Simulation of the LUCID detector

in the available Volume

GEANT 4.7.1


Simulations

SIDE particle

FRONT particles

LUCID volume

Beam pipe

LUCID

Y

ZPrimary

Distance from the IP 16978 mm

Cherenkov tube

SIDE secondaries

FRONT secondaries

Cherenkov tube

Primary particles are mainly pionsfront particles and side secondary particles are mainly electrons

GCALOR provides particle momentaat the LUCID external surface


Simulation results

Threshold cut: total number of p.e. larger than 50 (“tube hit”).The signal above threshold consists in large part of “FRONT particles”.

Cherenkov photons from PMT window

Cherenkov photons from gas + PMT

LUMINOSITY: First method – Hit counting Second method – Track counting


Hit counting

/Hits BX

pp LUCID

NL


Installation time schedule


Detector costsItem # per detector side Cost (CHF)

Tubes 20+20 11.600Winston cones 4+4 3.480Mechanics Vessel + support structure 16.340Fibers PUV800 1650 m 12.600Gas system 15.000PMT+divider (16+16)x2 38.075MAPMT+divider (1+1)x2 8.118HV Cables+connectors (64+128+1+1)x2 20.200HV System SH1527 68.000Signal Cables+connectors TX-RX + Fibers 3.600Front End electronics MAROC+PMT FED CARD 20.000Readout electronics ROD card 60.000Trigger electronics TRIGGER card 20.000DAQ system 55.000Low voltage cables+system LV cables + connectors 19.600Calibration system 7.800Total cost for phase I 379.413Already Paid + staged Fed+VME TX+CFD + HV system 77.000Funding in 2007 302.413


Additional requests More involvement means more costs:

Costuzione apparati +15 k€

Consumo +15 k€ Prototipo vessel + acquisti vari (elettronica, ecc…)

Trasferte estero (da discutere insieme ad altre richieste)

Richiesta acquisto PMT tramite Hamamatsu-Italia: Richiesta di sblocco di 30 k€ del S-J Milano e assegnazione a

Bologna (acquisto PMT)

30 k€ di fondi MOF-A coperti dal CERN x Milano Total Gain/Loss: 0 € (x Bologna, x Milano)

(Vertici INFN d’accordo)


Additional information

More involvement means more responsability:

Marco Bruschi (INFN BO) è il nuovo

Project Leader del LUCID

Vincent Hedberg (CERN) è

il Technical Coordinator del LUCID


Conclusions• Activity of the group focused on the

installation of LUCID for July 07 (phase I)• Very tight schedule. Minimal goal: install 2

detector ends with 32 tubes readout directly by PMT. Everything else can be delayed (electronics, final DAQ, …)

• Two critical areas: PMT procurements (first delivery 27 april) and tube/vessel machining (begin of may)

• More involvement of Bologna in the mechanics (mainly vessel)


BACKUPS


The FED CARDS

PMF: HV DividerSignal Routing MAROC chip MAPMT FED

PMT MOTHER CARD

1 2 3 16

PMTDAUGHTER CARDS

In Out

PMT FEDAmplifier+Diff. Line Drivers

MAROC (ROMAN POTS):4 SUM OVER 16 CHANNELS (ANALOG OUT)64 THR. DISCRIMINATOR (DIGITAL OUT/GOL LINKS)

MRO


stru 1stru 2

stru 16

GOLRX

LVDSS/P

3

3

3

LVDS 1 (to trig. unit)




stru 2

TTCRQ i.f.opt. lnkfrom TTCEX

VME P1VME I.F

DPRAMDPRAM

DPRAM

CTRLLOGIC

6 Bytes

6 Bytes

6 Bytes

EVENTBUFFER

s-LINKto ROS

from CTRL LOGICfrom CTRL LOGIC

160 MB/s

s-LINK Busy

LUCID ROD CARD (2+2units ) – VME 9U

Analog_In 1

Analog_In 2

Analog_In 16

GOL_In 1

GOL_In 2

GOL_In 10

~200 Bytes/ev


Single Tube Readout Unit

20 nsint

5 nsreset

25 ns

time

LHC Clock

LHC Int. Time

ADC GATE

to thetrigger

unit

FanOut

GI+

ADC

Multiplicity per Tube

LUT

8

1

3

TUBE

LUT

(1 MB)3

#1

#16

GOL

LINK

1/4 datafrom the MRO

DIFF. ANALOGINPUT (FROM FED)

STRU

CFD (Prog.

Thr+NR)

ADC GATE

RAW DATA TO READOUT per STRU ~ 6 Bytes/BC

12

20

Progr. GATE & DEL

LHC Clock

Note: the dashed components are usedonly for the MAPMT readout scheme


SignalBuffer

TTCRQ i.f.opt. lnkfrom TTCEX

VME P1VME I.F

CTRLLOGIC

s-LINKto ROS 160 MB/s

s-LINK Busy

LUCID TRIGGER CARD (1 unit ) – VME 9U

Detector

1

Detector

2

LVDS 1

LVDS 2

SignalBuffer

FPGA basedTRIGGER

PROCESSINGUNIT

5 ser. Inp60 bit/BC

5 ser. Inp60 bit/BC

to the L1 trigger

~40 Bytes/ev

FPGA:Algorithm Flexibility

LVDS 3

LVDS 4

LVDS 5

LVDS 1

LVDS 2

LVDS 3

LVDS 4

LVDS 5

ONLINELUMINOSITYSCALERS


The prototypePMT FED Test Board

MAPMT

PMT Inputs

MAPMT HV

ANALOG SIGNAL Outputs(18x4)

x10 x5

2ch Preamp+DriverPMT Daughter Card

Mother Card


The prototype TX-RX SystemTX system:PMT Mother Card+ 36 Daughter Cards

x2÷4

PZ adj

Gain adj

DEC. 06 Test DAQ

7 VME RX cards

SBCCORBOQDCADCSCALER

ATLAS TDAQ-01-06-01

RX system:VME RX card8 channelsPZ adjGain adj


Signal Characteristics

PMT: R2496Cable length=100 mSource: Led pulses

The pole-zero correction performed bythe RX card to compensate for cable lossesworks properly

Cable length=100 mSource: Pulser


LED Calibration System - II

PULSER

Amplitude: ~ 4 V (variable in 10 mV steps)Duration: ~ 20 ns

Trigger Output (to the DAQ trigger logic)

Led amplitude adjusted to see the single photoelectron signal

LEDCARD

PMTOptical Fiber LUCID TUBE


LUCID position

MBTSTILE

Front face of LUCID end is ~17m from the IP. Projective geometry. Acceptance covered 5.4 <|η|< 6.1 LUCID region 6-7 Mrad/year at 1034 cm-2s-1


Richieste finanziarie 2007Gruppo BO-Lumi: 16.6 FTE + 0.85 Tecnol.= 17.5 FTE

Missioni interne:- metabolismo 17.5 k€Missioni estero:- metabolismo (17.5 FTE x 1.5MU x 4.4k€)115.5 k€- C&I (6 mesi x 3 FTE x 4.4 k€) 79.2 k€- Presa dati (3mesi x 2FTE x 4.4 k€) 26.4 k€Consumo:- metabolismo 26.0 k€Inventario: - 2 postazioni di lavoro 4.0 k€Costruzioni apparato: - (vedi trasparenza successiva) 45.0 k€


Richieste costr. Apparati 2007

Elettronica ITEM # price/unit total price

Scheda FED MAROC 2 2600 5200Scheda PMF 4 1500 6000Single Board Computer 1 4000 4000CAEN QDC V792 2 4000 8000CAEN TDC V1190 A (V767) 1 5900 5900PC 2 1700 3400Scheda FIFO 6 1000 6000

Totale elettronica 2007 38500

CAVI+CONN.HV 14 100 1400LV 12 200 2400Optical Fibers (bundle 12) 2 700 1400Optical Fiber (TTCRQ) 2 100 200Signal 12 30 360

Totale cavi+conn. 2007 5760

Totale richieste 2007 44260


Item Description # per side # total Price (CHF) Total (CHF)

PMT Hamamatsu R762 16 40 727 29.075PMT Voltage Divider E974-17MOD 16 40 225 9.000PMT HV cables+connect. 100 m length 1 2 7.500 15.000MAPMT Hamamatsu H7546B-06 1 3 2.173 6.518MAPMT Voltage Divider Custom (Ham. Design, LUND) 2 4 400 1.600PMF card Maroc+Custom (LUND) 1 2 1.500 3.000MRO card Custom (BO) 1 2 7.500 15.000MAPMT HV cables Teknikabel T03103 (100 m) 1 2 2.500 5.000MAPMT HV conn. 1 LNF + 4 SHV 1 2 100 200ANALOG TX-RX cables Shielded TW. P. cl.5e (100 m) 5 10 160 1.600OPTICAL FIBER Bundle, 100 m 1 2 1.000 2.000LV cable+connectors 100 m 4 8 1.200 9.600LV system CAEN/Wiener 1 10.000 10.000PMT FED CARD MOTHER BOARD (Custom-Bo) 1 2 1.000 2.000ROD card (Custom-Bo) 2 4 15.000 60.000TRIGGER card (Custom-Bo) 1 20.000 20.000QDC CAEN V792 2 6.000 12.000TDC CAEN V1190A 1 8.000 8.000Scaler CAEN 1 6.000 6.000VME RX Custom(BO) 5 10 600 6.000CFD card Custom(BO) 5 10 600 6.000HV System CAEN SY1527 LC + 6 A1833BN 1 68.000 68.000SBC CPU VME (DAQ) 2 6.000 12.000PC 2 2.500 5.000TOTAL 312.593

LUCID: electronics cost phase I

Bo

Bo

Bo


CommentsThe number of PMT and MAPMT includes spares.Bologna will cover the costs (INFN funding) of the electronics marked on the table (budget ~70k€)The MAPMT FED, the VME-TX and the CFD cards have been already produced and paid in Bologna HV system can be staged in the first phase. We plan to use only 1 supplier + 2 boards. One of the boards has been already bought in Bologna.

TOTAL cost (CHF) 312.593MRO card Custom(BO) 1 2 7.500 15.000 PaidVME RX Custom(BO) 5 10 600 6.000 PaidCFD card Custom(BO) 5 10 600 6.000 PaidHV System 1 A1833BN 1 10.000 10.000 PaidUpdated cost 275.593HV System staging 4 A1833BN 4 10.000 40.000 StagedSystem cost in 2007 235.593


LUCID: mechanics costs phase I

Gas system includes the cost of the gas for one year.

Item Description Cost (CHF)Gas vessel Rolling & welding 6.000

Machining end flanges 640Machining Inner pipes 800Machining end plates 3.740

Cherenkov Tubes Production & machining 11.600Winston cones Production & machining 3.480Alignment system Production & installation 1.820Connectors for ferrels Machining 1.840Epoxy Material cost 1.500Fibers PUV800 Fiber bundles: 1650 m 12.600Calibration system Pulser + fibers (320m) 7.800Gas system Full system + gas 15.000TOTAL 66.820


Dec 06 test beam

• During the December 2006 Test Beam we took data using the last version of the ATLAS TDAQ (TDAQ-01-06-01)

• During the December 2006 Test Beam we took data using the last version of the ATLAS TDAQ (TDAQ-01-06-01)


Goals in Phase 1

• Lumi dominating errors for many studies (Higgs, SUSY) even at L = 5% the final goal ~ 2-3% (~6-7% at CDF)

• PHASE 1 - Low lumi running L < ~ 1033 cm-2 s-1 ends 2009 – Between 1 & 5 interactions/BC events (stage 1 & 3 of schedule) – Between 1 & 9 interactions/BC (stage 2 of schedule)

• PHASE 1 LUCID, a dedicated lumi monitor that will provide a relative lumi measurement across the whole range - capable of “following bunches”.

• Calibration in PHASE-1– Initially, use LHC Machine Parameters (Precision: ~10%)– Mid-term use physics, W/Z &/ee counting (Precision: ~5-10%)– Into PHASE 2 - late 2009 to early 2010, Roman Pot (ALFA) measurement

(Precision: ~2-3%)• LUCID would provide an online beam condition monitor to LHC control • Also we can gain experience with beam backgrounds for PHASE 2

• Lumi dominating errors for many studies (Higgs, SUSY) even at L = 5% the final goal ~ 2-3% (~6-7% at CDF)

• PHASE 1 - Low lumi running L < ~ 1033 cm-2 s-1 ends 2009 – Between 1 & 5 interactions/BC events (stage 1 & 3 of schedule) – Between 1 & 9 interactions/BC (stage 2 of schedule)

• PHASE 1 LUCID, a dedicated lumi monitor that will provide a relative lumi measurement across the whole range - capable of “following bunches”.

• Calibration in PHASE-1– Initially, use LHC Machine Parameters (Precision: ~10%)– Mid-term use physics, W/Z &/ee counting (Precision: ~5-10%)– Into PHASE 2 - late 2009 to early 2010, Roman Pot (ALFA) measurement

(Precision: ~2-3%)• LUCID would provide an online beam condition monitor to LHC control • Also we can gain experience with beam backgrounds for PHASE 2


Reminder: Required Luminosity Precision

• Luminosity dominating errors for many studies

• Even at L = 5%

• Final Goal ~ 2-3%

• Including Calibration by Roman Pot Measurement

The dominant uncertainty is from Luminosity: 10% (open symbols), 5% (solid symbols).

(ATLAS-TDR-15, May 1999)

Higgs coupling

tan

Error dominated by luminosity (ATLAS Physics TDR )


Reminder: Determine a Cross Section

dt)t(f)t(p)t(l)t()t(L

NNBR bk

Acceptance

Sum Over Valid dt

Instant. Luminosity

Efficiency TDAQ Live Time

Trigger Pre-Scale

Failures and Losses

Time Interval

LB

LBtdtLuminosity Blocks (LB) definetime intervals of data taking


Online vs Offline Luminosity Online • Beam/Data-taking Monitoring

– Relative Luminosity is most important

– Provide Instantaneous Luminosity• Average over all BCIDs• Individual BCIDs

– Delivered integrated luminosity (i.e. no dead-time etc)

• Luminosity decrease during LB (<10min) should give less than 1% uncertainty on the instantaneous luminosity within the LB – Luminosity for each BCID

measured once per LB should be sufficient

Offline• Integrated lum. for Analysis

– Corrections from offline analysis

– Corrected for high or low priority dead-time

• Absolute lum. uncertainty depend

on the precision of the calibration method

Desired Absolute Precision: ~2-5%(As good as possible)

(Tevatron have 6-7% Now!)


Requirements from the Analysis

• Dead-Time– Introduced only by CTP (LVL1)– Two kinds, high and low priority – Monitored by CTP per LB

• Pre-Scales– Introduced at LVL1, LVL2 and EF– Monitored per LB

• Failure/Quality Information– Monitored per LB

Meta-Data

Lum. TF Recommendations (relevant here)

• Use LB to synch. Information– Duration O(min), tuned by online/offline

operational constraints• Luminosity system used for integrated

luminosity should be read-out both with and independent of ATLAS TDAQ– For dead-time determination– Using both high and low priority dead-time

• Luminosity determined separately for each BCID– For Dead-time determination– Required by certain methods

• Luminosity systems should be notified about the LB transition for local synchronization

• Start/End time of LB recorded– LB can be identified both by LB number and

time interval


Reminder: Relevant Definitions

BCID

iBturns

Inst

bInst

LndttLL

anglexFfkN

L

)(

)(4 *

2

Bunch Luminosity:• Varies between BCIDs• “Constant” within a LB

LHC 40 MHz Beam: 3564 possible bunch crossings (BC) with BCID = 0-3563 Only 2808 BC will be filled due to injection etc. (e.g. 89um long-gap)

Observables: Time structure of luminosity reflect BC structure of beam Instantaneous lum. corresponds to average rate from a set of BCs The BC will in practice imply discrete luminosity quanta Bunch Luminosity = Integrated luminosity of one specific BC


Muon Background from the Machine

Lum 1027 cm-2s-1 1034 cm-2s-1

Int. Rate 80 Hz 40 MHz

LUCID single side rate

16 Hz 40MHz

Single muon bkg. Rate

0.06 Hz 40 Hz

LUCID coinc.

rate4Hz 40MHz

Coinc. Muon

Bkg. Rate10-8 Hz 10-5 Hz

Very conservative assumptions:• No energy cut• All muons survive through TAS + ATLAS (see charged hadron discussion)

Muon rate entering the ATLAS cavern, i.e. before the TAS etc,at L = 1034

LUCID coverage (phase 1)

Mu

on

s /

s (a

nd b

in)

Radius (cm)


Charged Hadron Background

Commissione 1, Roma, 3 Aprile 2007M. Villa Stato del LUCID M. Villa per il LUCID group Storia...

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Transcript of Commissione 1, Roma, 3 Aprile 2007M. Villa Stato del LUCID M. Villa per il LUCID group Storia...