Commercial Geography.pdf

8/18/2019 Commercial Geography.pdf

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SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE

COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY



Introduction

Geography is the study of the earth and its relationship to man andhis activities.

It was introduced by Greek scholars.

Geo- Earth and Graphein- to write.

The Modern Geography is not only concerned with earth.

It is also concerned with man’s relationship with earth.

Geography is a human and dynamic subject.



What is Commercial

Geography



Nature & Scope of Commercial

Geography



Primary Activities

These are activities directly concerned with obtainingmaterials from nature directly.



Secondary Activities

These activities are concerned with activities adding value toalready existing products by changing their form, making

them more suitable to satisfy our needs and wants.



Tertiary Activities

Tertiary activities are concerned with providing materialgoods . These activities include all personal and business

services.



Quaternary services

These include some special type of service work whichinclude professional and administrative services.



How Is Knowledge of Commercial

Geography Useful to Students ?



It provides an understanding of the exchange of goods and

commodities between different countries.

It explains how some countries produce certain goods in surplus onaccount of environmental advantage and exchange them with goods

which cannot be produced due to certain environmental constraints.

It also helps the students to understand the shifts of markets andproducing centers of certain goods on account of the development of

new transport and communication facilities.

The most important advantage of the study of the commercial

geography is that one can obtain information about how a particular

country has economically developed and others have not.



A range of advantages and

disadvantages for each mode

of transport will appear below.

Chose:

Each type of transport has its

own advantages and

disadvantages.

Press the right arrow

key to start.

Advantages Disadvant ages

Road

Rail

Sea

Air

a) Which transport mode it

applies to, andb) Whether it is an advantage

or a disadvantage.

CLICK in the appropriate part

of the table once you have

made your choice.

• Door-to-door delivery

• Quick and convenient



Advantages Disadvantages

Road

Door-to-door delivery

Quick and convenient

Rail

Sea

Air




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Slower than road transport

• Lack of flexibility of

timetables and routes




Road



Rail

Sea

Air




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Slower than road transport

• Lack of flexibility of

timetables and routes




Road



Rail

Slower than road transport

Lack of flexibility of timetables

and routes

Sea

Air




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Very fast

• Closely supervised so

losses are minimal




Road



Rail



and routes

Sea

Air

Very fast

Closely supervised so losses are

minimal




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Very efficient at moving

bulky and heavy goods

• Cheap over long distances




Road



Rail

Very efficient at moving bulky

and heavy goods

Cheap over long distances



and routes

Sea

Air

Very fast


minimal




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Slow

• Not door-to-door

• Not convenient if located

away from port




Road



Rail


and heavy goods




and routes

Sea

Slow

Not door-to-door

Not convenient if located away from port

Air

Very fast


minimal




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• High cost





Road



Rail


and heavy goods




and routes

Sea

Slow

Not door-to-door


Air

Very fast


minimal

High cost

Not door-to-door




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Large loads are difficult

• Urban congestion

• Damage to roads




Road



Large loads are difficult

Urban congestion

Damage to roads

Rail


and heavy goods




and routes

Sea

Slow

Not door-to-door


Air

Very fast


minimal

High cost

Not door-to-door




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Efficient at moving bulky

and heavy goods

• Ships are adaptable to

many types of goods

• Cheap over long distances




Road




Urban congestion

Damage to roads

Rail


and heavy goods




and routes

Sea

Efficient at moving bulky and

heavy goods

Ships are adaptable to manytypes of goods


Slow

Not door-to-door


Air

Very fast


minimal

High cost

Not door-to-door




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• A lot of the country is not

serviced by rail





Road




Urban congestion

Damage to roads

Rail


and heavy goods




and routes

A lot of the country is not serviced

by rail

Not door-to-door

Sea


heavy goods

Ships are adaptable to many

types of goods


Slow

Not door-to-doorNot convenient if located away

from port

Air

Very fast


minimal

High cost

Not door-to-door




Chose:



or a disadvantage.



made your choice.

• Flexible routes and times

• Easy to transport all types

of goods




Road



Flexible routes and times

Easy to transport all types of

goods


Urban congestion

Damage to roads

Rail


and heavy goods




and routes


by rail

Not door-to-door

Sea


heavy goods


types of goods


Slow

Not door-to-doorNot convenient if located away

from port

Air

Very fast


minimal

High cost

Not door-to-door

Well done. You have completed the table correctly.

When printing it off for your notes, make sure to print Slide 12 only.

Ask for assistance if you are unsure.




Road



Flexible routes and times

Easy to transport all types of

goods


Urban congestion

Damage to roads

Rail


and heavy goods




and routes


by rail

Not door-to-door

Sea


heavy goods


types of goods


Slow

Not door-to-door

Not convenient if located away

from port

Air

Very fast


minimal

High cost

Not door-to-door



Chapter 9Management of Business Logistics, 7th

Ed.30

The Basic Modes of Transportation:

Domestic Water Carriers

Available along the Atlantic, Gulf and

Pacific coasts, along the Mississippi,

Missouri, Tennessee and Ohio River

systems and the Great Lakes.

Regulated common and contract

carriers haul about 5% of the freight,

while private and exempt carriers

haul the other 95% of the ton-miles.




Ed.31


Domestic Water Carriers

Relatively low cost mode; do not

own the rights-of-way; easy entry

and exit.

Typically a long distance mover

of low value, bulk-type mineral,

agricultural and forest products

Low rates but long transit times

Low accessibility but high

capability




Ed.32


International Water Carriers

General cargo ships

Large high capacity cargo holds

Engaged on a contract basis

Many have self-contained cranes for

loading/unloading

Bulk carriers

Specially designed to haul minerals

Can handle multiple cargoes




Ed.33



Tankers

Specially designed for liquid

cargoes

Largest vessels afloat, some VLCCsat 500k+ tons

Container ships

High speeds for ships; increasingly

more common and important Larger vessels can handle up to

5,000 containers.




Ed.34



RO-RO (Roll on-Roll off)

Basically a large ferry that facilitates

the loading and unloading process

by using drive on/off ramps

May also have the capacity to haul

containers

Other

OBO multipurpose carriers Barges (not transoceanic)



SEA PORTS IN INDIA



CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

KANDLA PORT

JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU PORT

MUMBAI PORT

MORMUGAO PORT

MANGALORE PORT

COCHIN PORT

PORT BLAIR

TUTICORIN PORT

CHENNAI PORT

VIZAG PORT

PARADIP PORT

HALDIA PORT

KOLLAM PORT



The major ports are those ports which are under the previewof the central government and the minor ports also known as

non major ports. However, only 61 of the 185 minor ports

provide round the year berthing facilities.

INTRODUCTION



KANDLA PORT



KANDLA PORT

Kandla Port- Gujarat:

The Kandla Port is situated on the Gulf of

Kutch near the Gandhidham city in Kutch

District of Gujarat.

The Growth Engine of India host of the

major seaport of west coast,

The Port of Kandla is the first special

economic zone in India as well as in Asia,



Kandla Port is hub for major imports like petroleum, chemicals and iron

also export grains , salt and textiles.

Port of Kandla is one of the highest earning ports of India, another portin Gujarat is Mundra Port , India’s largest private port.

KANDLA PORT



Jawaharlal Nehru Port first name is

Nhava Sheva.

Nehru port is situated at the mainland of

Konkan area across the Navi MumbaiMaharashtra.

Jawaharlal Nehru Port is the largest

container port in India

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT



Jawaharlal Nehru Port is the king port of Arabian Sea at west cost.

JNP handle a large volume of international container traffic and

domestic cargo traffic.

The major exports are textiles , carpets , boneless meat and main

imports are machinery , vegetable oils and chemicals.

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU PORT



The main port of Goa, Marmagao port

is a best natural harbours of India

located in South Goa

Marmagao port is one of the leading

iron ores exporter port in India

raw materials

MORMUGAO PORT



The port of Marmagao is one of the major attraction of Goa alongwith the beautiful city of Vasco da Gama. International Airport

Dabolim.

The natural harbour of Goa is one of India’s earliest modern ports.

MORMUGAO PORT



First name of Manglore port isPanambur Port.

Seaport located near to Surathkalrailway station in Dakshina Kannada

district of Karnataka.

New Mangalore Port is a deep waterall weather port and the only major

port of Karnataka and one of the

largest port in India.

MANGALORE PORT



Port of Mangalore export major commodities like manganese, granite stones,coffee and cashew.

main imports includes timber logs , LPG , petroleum products and cargo

containers.

There is a beautiful beach at south of sea port of Panambur along with the shore

of the Arabian Sea.

MANGALORE PORT



The Cochin port is one of the largest

port in India.

the major port on the Arabian Sea and

Indian Ocean sea route.

The port of Cochin lies on two islands

ofWillingdon andVallarpadam.

The largest container trans shipment

facility in India.

COCHIN PORT



Kochi Port is equipped with maritime facilities Cochin Shipyard, KochiRefineries and Kochi Marina.

Kochi city is famous for its traditional spices.

Well known as the port city of Fort Kochi during the Europeancolonials.

It also get its individual Kochi International airport, third Internationalairport in the state of Kerala.

COCHIN PORT

PORT BLAIR



Port Blair is the capital city ofAndaman Nicobar Islands

Andaman Nicobar Islands, a Union

Territory of India located at the

juncture of the Bay of Bengal and

Andaman Sea.

Port Blair is the youngest sea port in

India and one of the 12 major port of the country.

PORT BLAIR

PORT BLAIR



The only port of Andaman islands are connected to mainland of India throughflight and ship.

Port Blair is the principal hub for shipping in the islands of Andaman.

one of the most popular tourist destination with several places of interest

around like virgin beaches, scuba diving and water sports.

PORT BLAIR

TUTICORIN PORT



Tuticorin Port is an artificial deep-seaharbour and one of the 12 major ports of

India.

It is also known asTuticorin Port.

It is also the second largest port in Tamil

Nadu.

First is Chennai Port.

one of the largest container terminal in

India.

TUTICORIN PORT



The artificial port of Tuticorin is a all weather port and who receive a largevolume of international traffic.

Port of Tuticorin are a used to be best port for maritime trade and pearl fishery

on the bay of Bengal.

TUTICORIN PORT



Madras Port is the one of the oldestport of India.

second largest port in the country.

Chennai Port also the largest port in

the Bay of Bengal.

Hub port for cars, big containers and

cargo traffic in the east coast of India.

CHENNAI PORT



Port of the Coromandel Coast handles a variety of cargo containers.

Automobiles.

Coal.

Fertilizers.

petroleum products.

Chennai Port terminals have lighthouses around, Intra port connectivity,

Pipelines and railway terminus.

CHENNAI PORT



The port city Visakhapatnam is located onthe southeast coast of India in the state of

Andhra Pradesh.

Visakhapatnam or Vizag has one of the

India’s largest seaport and the oldestshipyard of country.

The Visakhapatnam harbours is the only

Natural harbours in the bay of Bengal

shore.

VIZAG PORT



Vizag is second largest city in Andhra.

The government aims to triple india's total port capacity to 3.1 billion tonnes

by 2020.

Coal is manually unloaded from vessels and shovelled onto trucks that take it to

an open stack yard from where winds carry coal dust to the city.

VIZAG PORT



The artificial, deep-water port of eastcoast of India is located in the

Jagatsinghpur district of Orissa state.

Port of Paradip is the major port in the

east cost shore.

Port is situated at the confluence of

great river Mahanadi and the Bay of

Bengal.

PARADIP PORT



Paradip Port has its own railway system.

Cold handling plant and a national highway connects the port with rest

of Indian road networks.

PARADIP PORT



Haldia port is also known as Calcuttaport.

Haldia port or Calcutta Port is a major

seaport situated near the Hooghly

River in the state ofWest Bengal.

Port of Haldia is one of the major

trade centre for Calcutta.

HALDIA PORT



Calcutta port receive bulk cargoes of Chemicals, Petrochemicals andoils.

Port of Kolkata is also a base of Indian Coast Guard.

HALDIA PORT



Kollam Port is one of themajor ports in India.

Port is situated 4 km awayfrom heart of the City of Kollam- The Cashew Capital of theWorld.

It is the second largest port inKerala by volume of cargohandled and facilities..

KOLLAM PORT



It is located on the west coast of India.

Kollam city was one the most famous trade hubs in India during AD 800-1800period.

The Port is governed by the Directorate of Ports Department of Governmentof Kerala.

The modern Cargo Port in Kollam was commissioned on 19 October 1997and inaugurated by Sri.V.S.Achuthanandan, the then Chief Minister of Kerala.

Now a customs clearance centre and cement packing terminal is working inthe port.The wharf can easily handle ships up to 200 Meters in length.

KOLLAM PORT



Indian government has a federal structure, and according to its constitution,

maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State

governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers

the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the

relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states Andhra Pradesh,

Odisha, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and

Gujarat. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been

identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased

manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.



World Continents and Oceans



Objectives

You will be able to:Name each of the seven continents,

and the five oceansLocate each of the continents and

oceans on a map



North America

North America is made up of fourcountries: Canada is the furthestNorth, The United States is in themiddle, and Mexico is the furthestsouth. Greenland is an Island of NorthAmerica, lying Northeast of Canada.

There are three Oceans that touchNorth America, The Arctic to theNorth, The Pacific to the West, and theAtlantic to the East.



South America

South America is made up

of twelve countries.

The Pacific Ocean borders South America to

the West, and the Atlantic

to the East.



Europe

Europe is made up of forty-eight countries.

The Atlantic Ocean is

Europe’s western border. The Arctic Ocean is north

of Europe.



Asia

Asia is made up of

numerous countries, the

largest of which include

Russia, China, and India.

The Pacific Ocean lies to

the east, while the Indian

Ocean falls on thesouthwest.



Africa

Africa is made up of fifty-three countries.

Africa is surrounded by the

Atlantic Ocean to the westand the Indian Ocean to the

East.



Australia

Australia as a continent

includes the mainland of

Australia along with

Tasmania and many of the

Islands throughout the

Pacific Ocean.

The Indian Ocean borders the west and

south, while the Pacific is

on the east.



Antarctica

Antarctica is made of fiveregions and one island

Chain.

The Ocean surroundingAntarctica has been

recently renamed as the

Southern Ocean.



The Oceans

The Pacific Ocean stretches 64,186,000 square miles and hasan average depth of 15,215 feet.

The Atlantic Ocean stretches 33,420,000 square miles and

has an average depth of 12,881 feet.

The Indian Ocean stretches 28,350,000 square miles and hasan average depth of 13,002 feet.

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