Director,Environmental Marketing,

Boeing Commercial Airplanes Group

Director,Environmental Marketing,

Boeing Commercial Airplanes Group

Mary Moloseau GoetzMary Moloseau Goetz

Commercial Aviation-Noise and Emissions Developments-

Commercial Aviation-Noise and Emissions Developments-

In the Factory• Resource-efficient

design and manufacturing• Elimination, capture, and

recycling of solvents and chemicals

• Development of alternative materials, primers, and coatings

• Energy conservation and recycling

In the Factory• Resource-efficient

design and manufacturing• Elimination, capture, and

recycling of solvents and chemicals

• Development of alternative materials, primers, and coatings

• Energy conservation and recycling

In Operation• Noise reduction • Fuel burn improvement• Emissions reduction

In Operation• Noise reduction • Fuel burn improvement• Emissions reduction

On the Ground • Maintenance chemicals• Airplane decommissioning

and reuse•Community concerns

Environmental ChallengesEnvironmental Challenges

Airplane Design is Always a Balance Among Various Objectives

Payload (Passengers and Cargo)

Range

Cruise MachC

ost

Cru

iseA

ltitud

e

Safety

Fuel Economy

Reliability

Noi

se

Maintainability

Take

off

Fiel

d Le

ngth

Landing

SpeedEmissions

Today’s Airplanes are QuieterToday’s Airplanes are Quieter

5,000

1,000

-1,000

-3,000

-5,000 -2,000

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Sideline distance, m

Distance from brakerelease, m

737-700(1.0 sq km)

737-200(11.3 sq km)

3,000

0

85 dBA contours

777 engine _ PW4084(42.3 ft2 effective lining area)

777-300 engine _ PW4098(67.6 ft2 effective lining area)

Noise ImprovementNacelle Improvement Example

Noise ImprovementNacelle Improvement Example

• Scarf inlet• Maximum acoustic area• Lining designs optimized at each

location for maximum impact• Active noise control• Treated inlet lip• Mode scattering linings fan duct

Engine and Nacelle Noise ImprovementsPossibilities

Engine and Nacelle Noise ImprovementsPossibilities

• Optimum bypass ratio• Advanced fan blade design• Low noise fan exit guide vane design• Jet noise suppressor chevrons/tabs• Stator and inlet

boundary layer control• Improved Materials

Fully Dressed Configuration Clean Configuration

Wind tunnel testing indicates 2-3 dB reduction in Landing Gear Noise possible.

0

-3

-6

-9

-12

dB from Ref.

Airframe Noise ImprovementLanding Gear Example

Airframe Noise ImprovementLanding Gear Example

1000 Hz1000 Hz

Airframe Noise ReductionAirframe Noise Reduction

757testmodel

Trailing-edgenoise

Fairing at trailing flap outboard edge

Baseline configuration Low-noise airframe configuration

High-frequency 31,500 HzHigh-frequency 31,500 Hz

y, inches

y, inches

x, inches x, inches

Possibilities• Low noise landing gear design

• Active flow control• Low noise slat and flap designs

•Low Speed - Drooped ailerons for T/O & landing• Low Speed - Active flow control

Airframe Noise ImprovementsAirframe Noise Improvements

Flight Operating Procedures for Low Community Noise

Current Future goal

Noise footprint

Populated area

• Technology improvements • Advanced air traffic procedures• Modern avionics• Land-use planning

Noise ImprovementsFlight Procedures

Noise ImprovementsFlight Procedures

Airplane Approach Procedures Can Reduce NoiseAirplane Approach Procedures Can Reduce Noise

C D A

ILS approach

3 deg2,000 ft

7,000 ft

65-dBA contour: 737-300/CFM56-3B2

ILS

CDA

ILS area = 11.6 mi2 CDA area = 6.7 mi2

40,000

60,000

20,000

-20,000

-40,000

-60,000

-20,000

0

0

Distance from touchdown point, f t

Side

line

dist

ance

, ft

20,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000

Initial service date, yearInitial service date, year

100100

7575

5050

2525

00

Relativefuel burnper seat–km,%

Relativefuel burnper seat–km,%

19551955 19601960 19651965 19701970 19751975 19801980 19851985 19901990 19951995 20002000

Fuel burn for a1600-km trip on

various airplanes

~70% Improvement

~70% Improvement

707-320707-320

727-100727-100

747-200B 747-200B

777-200777-200

747-400747-400

727-200727-200

767-200767-200

757-200757-200

757-300757-300

Today’s Airplanes Burn Less FuelToday’s Airplanes Burn Less Fuel

…and Produce Fewer Emissions…and Produce Fewer Emissions

500

400

300

200

100

0

Pre-1981 1981-91 1991-Present

Year of engine certification

ICAO standards,%

HydrocarbonsCarbon monoxideOxides of nitrogenSmoke

Reduced fuel burn Reduced noise Reduced emissions

Ongoing Research and DevelopmentBoeing Winglet Program

Ongoing Research and DevelopmentBoeing Winglet Program

Winglet benefits:

737- 800 With Optional Winglets*Potential Performance Benefits

737- 800 With Optional Winglets*Potential Performance Benefits

• Design range: +125 nmi

• Fuel burn: -2.6% for 500- nmi mission

-3.6% for 1,000- nmi mission

• Payload at fixed range: +6,000 lb at fuel capacity limit

+1,000 lb at maximum takeoff weight limit

• Takeoff noise: -0.5 to -0.7 EPNdB at cutback

(Sea level, 30 ° C, 7,000- ft field length)

* 737- 800 winglets available spring 2001

Alternate Fuel Research May Reduce Engine Emissions

Normal exhaust appearance

+100Additive

Appearance afterJP-8 +100 use

Evaluating the potential for emissions reduction

Fly by Wire

Boeing is Always Exploring New Possibilities

Advanced UEET Engines (potential fuel burn reduction of 15%)

Novel Configuration& Composite

Structure(Potential fuel burn reduction of 27%)

Boundary Layer Ingesting InletsBlow-in Doors

Light-weight Engine Containment System

AdvancedNozzles/Mixers

Additional New Technologies can Further Reduce Fuel Consumption on Conventional

Airplanes

Oval Inlets

Cambered Struts

Water MistInter-Cooler

Ultra Efficient APU or

Fuel Cell Replacement

Active Flow Controlled

Inlets

SynergisticHeat

Exchangers

More ElectricAirplane

Advanced WingAerodynamics

High EfficiencyEnvironmental

Control Systems

Wing Tip Devices

Summary

• Boeing cares about the environmental impact of our products - in the air, on the ground, and in production

• Excellent progress has been made on noise and emissions.

• We are committed to further improvements.

• Our goal is safe, efficient, affordable airplanes with excellent environmental performance.