COMMERCIAL LIGHTING CONTROL ENERGY CODE: ASHRAE AND IECC -BCS120

January 2016

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any material or product. Questions related to specific

materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the

conclusion of this presentation.

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Learning Objectives

1. Review codes: Why, Benefits, Scope

2. Learn how codes are adopted for jurisdictions

3. Understand lighting control requirements for

ASHRAE 90.1 and IECC, comparing to prior

versions

4. Learn application examples

5. Summarize code changes for ASHRAE 90.1 and

IECC

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Why Important?

Future Energy Questions

• Energy Security

• Capacity constraints

• Availability of non-renewable sources

Environmental Efforts

• Green house gas reduction

• Sustainable responsibility

• Clean Power Plans

• Zero net energy goals

• Dark Sky Initiative

• Created in response to 1970s energy and

economic crises

• 1978 – Federal legislation requires states to initiate

new building energy efficiency standards

• 1992 – Energy Policy Act (EPAct) – states must

review and consider adopting national model

energy efficiency standards

Source: http://bcap-ocean.org/energycodes101

Where Do Energy Codes Come From?

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What are Energy Codes?

• Building efficiency subset of building codes

• Do not exist to protect building occupants like

building codes protect individuals from

substandard living and/or working conditions.

• Minimum energy efficiencies standards for

building design and construction.

• Stretch and Reach codes now being adopted in

many local jurisdictions to exceed code

requirements

Source: http://bcap-ocean.org/energycodes101

Energy Savings from Energy Codes

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Energy Code Benefits

Source: U.S. Department of Energy. www.energycodes.gov/training

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What Do Building Energy Codes Cover?

• Building Envelope

• Mechanical

• Service Water Heating

• Electrical Power

• Lighting

Source: U.S. Department of Energy. www.energycodes.gov/training

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Energy Codes - Individual State Adoption

1. Adopt, in entirety, a model energy code (IECC, ASHRAE 90.1)

2. Adopt a state developed energy code

3. Adopt model energy code and add state-specific

amendments

4. Adopt little or no energy codes (13 states have no code or code older than ASHRAE 90.1-2007/2009 IECC)

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Energy Code Adoption Status

Source: http://bcapcodes.org/code-status/commercial/

As of January 2017

Building Code Assistance Project

www.bcapcodes.org

• National Model Energy Codes

- ASHRAE Standard 90.1

- 2004, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016

- IECC

- 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015

• Example State Codes

- California (Title 24 part 6)

- Washington

• Example City Codes

- Seattle

- Albuquerque

Primary Energy Codes

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Source: U.S. Department of Energy. www.energycodes.gov/training

Codes and the Building Process

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• Energy codes are not static, constantly under revision

• Revision cycles usually run every three years

• Constantly improving building energy efficiency

Energy Code Cycles

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• Prescriptive method (most common)

- Structure built to prescribed code requirements

with individual components (controls largely

prescriptive)

• Performance method

- Structure allocated an energy budget, use

different combinations of values and efficiencies

to meet budget.

- Overall energy performance of structure, not

individual components, is what matters.

Two Paths for Compliance

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Model Energy Codes and Lighting Controls

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ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010 2013 2012 2015

Energy Code

Power Section 8 Section 8

Lighting Section 9 Section 9

Electrical Power and Lighting

SystemsSection C405 Section C405

Note: IECC references ASHRAE 90.1 as an alternative compliance path

for lighting control requirements

Overview - ASHRAE 90.1 and IECC

Threshold for Triggering Code

ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.1

2013

Sec 9.1

2012

Sec C101.4.3

2015

Sec C101.

New construction, additions, space

occupancy change, HVAC addedX X X X

Alterations > 10% of connected

lighting load or if connected power

increases

X X

Alterations > 50% of connected

lighting load (IECC Sec C502)X X

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Mandatory Lighting ControlsASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.2

2013

Sec 9.4.1.1.a

2012

Sec C405.2

2015

Sec C405.2

Lighting controls mandatory in all

commercial buildingsX X X X

Exceptions

Normally off emergency egress lighting X X X

Lighting within dwelling units X X X X

Designated security emergency areas or

required by health or safety regulationX X X

Interior exit stairways, ramps, passages X

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Local/Manual ControlsASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.2

2013

Sec 9.4.1.1.a

2012

Sec C405.2

2015

Sec C405.2

Local space control must be an occupancy sensor,

time switch or dimmerX X

Local space control must be one or more manual

controlsX

Manual control in each space X X

Manual controls must be readily accessible, can

view lighting controlledX X X X

If controlled lighting not visible, status indicator and labeled

to identify controlled lighting requiredX X

For safety and security, remote control permissible

with pilot light and labeled to identify controlled

lighting.

X

(only public

lobby)

X

Control area ≤2500sqft if building ≤10,000sqft or

Control area ≤10,000sqft if building ≥10,000sqftX X

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Light Reduction/Bilevel Control

ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.2

* 2013

Sec 9.4.1.1.d

& Table 9.6.1

2012

Sec

C405.2.1.2

2015Sec

C405.2.2.2

Manual control allowing light reduction or

continuous dimming controlX (30-70%) X (30-70%) X (≥50%) X (≥50%)

Exceptions

Spaces with one luminaire or <100W X X X

Corridors, elect/mech/equip rooms,

lobbies, restrooms, stairways,

storerooms

X X X X

Space with LPD <0.6W/sq ft X X X

Daylit spaces with automatic daylighting

controlX X

Areas controlled by occupancy sensor X

Sleeping units X

*ASHRAE 90.1-2013 now uses Table 9.6.1 to indicate minimum control requirements by space type

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Manual On / Partial Automatic On

ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.2

* 2013

Sec 9.4.1.1

& Table 9.6.1

2012

Sec

C405.2.2.2

2015

Sec

C405.2.1.1

Spaces may be manual On or partial

auto On (≤ 50% lighting)X X X X

Exceptions:

Full auto on allowed – corridors,

stairwells, restroom, entrances,

lobbies

X X* X X

Where manual on would endanger

safety and securityX X

* ASHRAE 90.1-2013 uses Table 9.6.1 to indicate more specific requirements on common space types

Side Note: New York City ECC has amended their version of IECC 2015 and does not allow Partial

Automatic On for classrooms, conference rooms, breakrooms and offices <200SqFt. It does allow Full

Auto On for open plan offices.

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Automatic Partial Lighting Shut Off

ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.1

* 2013

Sec 9.4.1.1

2012

Sec C405.2

2015

Sec C505.2

Reduce lighting within 20min of

occupants leaving to at least 50%

required for listed spaces:

Exception 50% if all three met:

- LPD no more than 0.80 W/ft2

- Space lighted by HID

- reduced by ≥30% within 20min

- Stairwells

- Corridor

- Laboratory

- Lobbies

- Stairwells

- Storage rooms

>1000SqFt

- Library stacks

- Warehouses

Reduce lighting within 30min of

occupants leaving to not less than

50% required for listed spaces

- Warehouse aisles

- Warehouse open

areas

* ASHRAE 90.1-2013 uses Table 9.6.1 to indicate more specific requirements on common space types

NOTE: Automatic full off complies for partial off

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Automatic Full Off (Occupancy Sensors) ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.1

* 2013

Sec 9.4.1.1

2012

Sec C405.2

2015

Sec C405.2

Spaces requiring Automatic Full Off

control (referred to Occupancy Sensor

Controls in IECC)

Red text highlights spaces added

since the last code version

- Classroom

- Conference/train

- Lunch and break

- Offices ≤250SqFt

- Restroom

- Storage rooms

- Copy/print

- Locker rooms

- Classroom

- Conference/train

- Lunch and break

- Offices ≤250SqFt

- Restroom

- Storage rooms

- Copy/print

- Lounges

- Locker rooms

- Classroom

- Conference/train

- Lunch and break

- Private offices

- Restroom

- Storage rooms

- Janitorial closet

- Spaces≤300SqFt

- Classroom

- Conference/train

- Lunch and break

- Private offices

- Restroom

- Storage rooms

- Janitorial closet

- Spaces≤300SqFt

- Copy/print

- Lounges

- Locker rooms

- Warehouses

Within 30min of leaving space X X X

Within 20min of leaving space and

controlled area ≤5000SqFtX

Exceptions

24 hr operation, automatic shutoff

endangers safety/security, egressX X X X

Patient care areas X X X

Sleeping unit X X

Shop and Laboratory Classrooms X X X

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Scheduled Shut-off / Time Switch ControlASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.1

* 2013

Sec 9.4.1.1

2012

Sec C405.2.2.1

2015

Sec C405.2.2.1

Time shut-off when space is scheduled

unoccupiedX X X X

Signal from other auto control device or security

system permissibleX X

Manual override maximum 2 hours for space

≤5000SqFtX X X

Manual override maximum 2 hours, ≤2500SqFt in

≤10,000SqFt space

≤10,000SqFt in >10,000SqFt spaceX

Exceptions

24 hr operation, automatic shutoff endangers

safety/security, egress and patient care areasX X X X

Sleeping unit X X

Shop and Laboratory Classrooms X X X

Malls, Arcades, auditoriums, single tenant retail,

industrial facilities, arenas:

- Override may be >2hrs if captive key

- Override area ≤20,000SqFt

X X

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Additional Control / Special Applications

ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1

2013

Sec 9.4.1.3

2012

Sec C405.2.2

2015

Sec C405.2.3

Lighting separately controlled:

- Display or accent lighting

- Lighting in display cases

- Plant growth, food warming

- Demonstration lighting

- Task lighting

X X X X

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Daylight Responsive ControlsASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.4 &

9.4.1.5

2013

Sec 9.4.1.1

2012

Sec C405.2.2.3

& C402.3

2015

Sec C405.2.3

Daylight control triggering thresholdssidelight: > 250SqFt

toplight: > 900SqFt

sidelight: > 150W

toplight: > 150W

daylight zones w/ > 2

fixtures

sidelight: > 150W

toplight: > 150W

Daylight responsive controls must be

automaticX X X

Daylight controls can be either manual or

automaticX

Calibration adjustments accessible X X X X

Continuous dimming or three step control

points: 50-70%, 20-40%, OffX

Continuous dimming or two step control

points: 50-70%, 35%-OffX X

Continuous dimming ≤15% required in offices,

classrooms, labs, library reading roomsX

Controls must be capable to turn Off lighting in

daylight zoneX X

Automatic control of primary and secondary

sidelighting zones requiredX

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Primary and Secondary Sidelight Area

Depth = HH

Primary

Sidelight Area

ASHRAE & IECC

ASHRAE 90.1-2013 (primary &

secondary)

• Depth of sidelight area is distance from floor

to top of window (HH=head height)

(unless it reaches obstruction 5’ or more

high)

• Width of sidelight area is window width +

0.5xHH on each side of window

IECC 2015

• Depth of sidelight area is distance from floor

to top of window (HH=head height)

• Width of sidelight area is window width +

2Ft

on each side of the window

Luminaries in the daylight area are to be controlled by daylight responsive controls

Half of

window head

height

(0.5xHH)ASHRA

E or 2FtIECC

Opaque break in

window of less than

one window head

height

Half of

window head

height

(0.5xHH)ASHRA

E or 2FtIECC

Secondary

Sidelight Area

ASHRAE 2013

only

Depth = HH

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Skylight/Toplight Area

Luminaries in the daylight area are to be controlled by daylight responsive

controls

0.7xCH

Toplight Daylight Area

Sky -

light

IECC 2015, ASHRAE 90.1-2013

Daylight area under a

skylight is the opening

beneath the skylight plus

70% of the ceiling height

(CH) in each direction.

0.7xCH

See standards for further requirements on modification to daylight area

under skylights when obstructions are considered.

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Daylight Responsive Controls (exceptions)ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.4 &

9.4.1.5

2013

9.4.1.1.e, f

2012

Sec C405.2.2.3

& C402.3

2015

Sec C405.2.3

Exceptions

Sidelighting Exceptions

1. Obstruction 2x window height

than distance from window

2. Sidelight glazing <20SqFt2 or

effective aperture <0.11

3. Retail spaces

X1 X2

Toplighting Exceptions

1. Sunlight obstructed for

>1500hrs /year between

8am-4pm

2. Skylight visual transmit <0.42

or effective aperture <0.0061

3. Daylight area <200W in

climate zone 8

X1 X2

Patient care facilities, dwelling or

sleeping units, display, accent,

case, task, plant, food and

lighting demo equipment

X

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Parking Garage Lighting ControlASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.3

2013

Sec 9.4.1.22012 2015

Automatic shutoff using scheduled control device, occupancy sensor

within 30 minutes or signal from another control or alarm systemX

Automatic shutoff using scheduled control device or signal from

another control or alarm systemX

Automatically reduce lighting power of each luminaire at least 30%

when no activity in a lighting zone (≤3,600SqFt) for <20 minutesX X

Daylight transition zone separately controlled to automatically turn

lighting on during daylight hours and off at sunsetX

Automatically reduce lighting power in response to daylight within 20

ft of any perimeter wall openingX X

Covered vehicle entrances/exists shall be separately controlled to

reduce lighting by 50% from sunset to sunriseX

Exceptions

Daylight transition zones and ramps without parking are exempt from

both 30% reduction and reduced lighting power within 20ft of

perimeter wall openings

X X

Applications using HID of 150 watts or less or Induction lamps are

exempt from 30% reduction requirementsX

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Exterior Lighting ControlASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1.7

2013

Sec 9.4.1.4

2012

Sec C405.6.1

2015

Sec C405.2.5

Exterior lighting automatically shut off when sufficient

daylight availableX X X X

Exterior lighting not designated dusk/dawn operation, must

incorporate a time switch controlX

Façade and landscape lighting automatically shut off

between midnight or business close (whichever later) and

6am or business open (whichever first) or times as

specified by local jurisdiction

X X

Façade and landscape lighting automatically shut off

between dawn/dusk and set open and close timeX

All other exterior lighting, and signage controlled to

automatically reduce lighting power by at least 30%:

Not later than midnight to 6AM or from one hour after

business close to one hour before opening or any period

when no activity detected for >15min

Exceptions

1. Covered vehicle entrances/exist for safety, security or

eye adaptation

2. Lighting integral to signage installed by the sign

manufacturer1

3. Emergency lighting normally off, lighting required for

health and life safety requirements2

X X1 X2

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Hotel/Motel Guestroom ControlASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.1

2013

Sec 9.4.1.3

2012

Sec C405.2.2

2015

Sec C405.2.3

Hotel/motel guestrooms – master control at

entry for lights and switched receptaclesX X

Hotel/motel guestrooms – master control at

entry that automatically shuts off lights and

switched receptacles within 20min

X X

Exception to guestroom master control by

use of captive keyX X

Hotel/motel bathroom – automatically

shuts off lights within 60minX

Hotel/motel bathroom – automatically

shuts off lights within 30minX

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Automatic Receptacle ControlASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 8.4.2

2013

Sec 8.4.22012 2015

Automatic shut off ≥50% receptacles in private offices,

open offices, computer classrooms, including modular

partitions

X

Automatic shut off ≥50% receptacles in private offices, conf

rooms, copy, break room, classrooms, individual

workstations

X

Automatic shut off ≥25% receptacles in modular furniture X

Receptacle control methods:

1. Scheduled controlling area ≤25,000SqFt1 or

≤5000SqFt2 (with manual override of up to two hours)2

2. Occupancy sensor shut off within 30 minutes1 or 20

minutes2 following non-occupancy of space

3. Signal from other control system (20min after

unoccupied)2

X1 X2

Controlled receptacles visually marked to differentiate from

non-controlled receptacles.X

Exceptions

Receptacles for 24-hour equipment operation. Spaces

where automatic shutoff would endanger the safety/securityX X

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Additional Efficiency Requirement

ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010 20132012

Sec C406

2015

Sec C406

Must comply with ONE of the following options:

More efficient HVAC performance X X

Efficient lighting system with reduced lighting power density +

automatic daylighting control in specific space typesX

Reduced lighting power density by 10% X

Enhanced digital lighting controls must comply provide:

- Continuous dimming

- Individually addressable fixtures or within a group of four

- Daylighting fixtures limited to eight per zone

- Digital control with reconfiguration, load shed, and other reqs

- Construction documents include sequence of operation

- Functional testing required

X

On-site supply of renewable energy X X

Dedicated outdoor HVAC equipment X

High efficiency service water heating X

Red = lighting specific options

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Functional Testing

ASHRAE 90.1 IECC

2010

Sec 9.4.42013

2012

Sec C408.3

2015

Sec C408.3

Confirm occupancy sensors acceptable performance

of placement, sensitivity, and settingsX X X X

Confirm time switches and schedule controls are

correctly programmed, functioning and documentedX X X X

Confirm daylighting responsive controls are properly

located, calibrated, accessible and function to adjust

lighting in response to available daylight

X X X X

Submit documentation certifying performance X X X X

ASHRAE 90.1-2013

• Occupancy sensor max time delay changed from 30 to 20 minutes.

Includes time delay for plug load and parking garage light level

reduction

• Now uses table 9.6.1 to indicated minimum control requirements and

trade-off for many common space types

• More areas included in receptacle control – classrooms, conference

rooms, copy rooms and 25% of receptacles in modular furniture

• More areas now require partial shut off of lighting when unoccupied

• Daylighting controls must now turn all the way Off and now includes a

secondary zone in sidelight areas.

• Hotel/Motel entry master control must shut lighting off within 20 minutes

• Covered vehicle entrance/exits must reduce lighting by 50% during

daylight

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Key Changes Summary – Lighting Controls

2015 IECC

• Light reduction controls no longer exempt when occupancy sensors used,

with reduced LPD or in specific space types

• Automatic partial shut off control required in warehouse aisles and open

areas

• Areas requiring occupancy sensor shut off control expanded

• Daylight responsive controls must be automatic. Some spaces require

continuous dimming controls. Daylight responsive controls must be

capable of turning lighting all the way Off

• Façade and landscape lighting controlled to shut off at business open or

close. Other exterior lighting must reduce to less than 30% when area not

occupied.

• Hotel/Motel entry master control must shut off lighting within 20 minutes

• Three more options were added to the Additional Efficiency Packages

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Key Changes Summary – Lighting Controls

• Market Drivers and History

• Energy Code Requirements

• Strategies to Meet Code

• New Code Requirements Summary

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Review

DISCUSSION

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