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Combining CAN with battery based

clustering.

The energy consumption during the

process of network discovery is directly

proportional to the following parameters;

1. The number of nodes that arerunning the RAN discovery in the

network

2. The number of available Accessnetworks to be monitored by the

mobile terminal

3. The frequency or the number oftimes the mobile terminals are

discovering the available access

Networks during a given time period.

Therefore energy consumption can be

minimized by decreasing number of

networks to be monitored and the

number of nodes involved in RAN

discovery. The number of nodes involved

in RAN discovery can be minimized using

clustering approach. Mobile hosts that are

in position to use the same Network

resources basing on terminal battery

power constraint and geographical

location are grouped into virtual clusters.

Since different access networks have

different battery power requirements and

consumptions, we desire that a mobile

terminal with low battery level hands

over to an access network with minimal

power consumption to enable durablebattery life time to effect data

transmission .Mobile terminals in the

same geographical location and with

battery levels satisfying a set threshold

are grouped into clusters with each

cluster having a super node which acts

as head of all other nodes in a particular

cluster and its chosen considering the

terminal battery power and the number

of nodes that its capable to serve. To

avoid a single node being depleted of its

power in case of dedicated Super node,

we propose a super node selection

strategy in which each of the participating

nodes has equal probability of becoming

super node. This will also overcome the

problem of requests coming to super

node when its already involved in data

transmission or unavailable. The mobile

host can change its cluster membership if

its terminal battery power exceeds ordrops below the current cluster

specification.

The battery status information can be

exchanged between nodes and BS using a

battery level indicator field in the Option

IP header

At the initial stage, the mobile hosts will

register its identity to a given cluster

satisfying its power specification. Thus

the one where the nodes can use the same

available access network at any given

time considering the terminal battery

level. The super node will ran a RAN

discovery algorithm and choose the best

network for that given set and also select

the next best available access network

called the Candidate Access Network

(CAN).The CH will forward this

information and the information

regarding the identity of each of the

mobile terminals under its control

including their power level and location

to the BS .Without any change in

membership of the cluster, the super

node will only keep monitoring the

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received signal level indicator of the CAN

if it is above the threshold or not. As long

as the RSSI is above threshold, the super

node will have no need for undertaking

RAN discovery even if there is another

access network with a stronger RSSI than

the CAN. If the RSSI level of the CAN drops

below the threshold, the Super node at

the time will have to run a RAN discovery

algorithm to discover the next CAN to

which the mobile hosts can handover and

this information is also sent to the BS.

When the RSSI level of MH drops below a

threshold, it sends a handover request

plus information detailing its identity andcurrent super node to the BS and the BS

will direct it to handover to the current

CAN of the serving super node.

This clustering approach will minimize

the total energy consumption for RAN

discovery by limiting the number of

nodes involved in RAN discovery.

Monitoring a single candidate access

network instead of using all networks will

minimize the consumed power. The

increased number of handovers due to

limited information about available

networks at the super node hence at the

rest of the mobile terminals is also

overcome by information sharing

between different clusters through the BS.

This eliminates the need for the technique

which would be incorporated with CANscheme to minimize frequency of

handover.

And since CAN selection and Clustering is

done considering terminal battery power,

the technique will also significantly

increase the lifetime of the terminal

batteries of the involved mobile hosts.

The communication delay between

mobile host and the BS is not encountered

since there is no decentralized processingrequired at the super node. In case of

handover requirements, each MH

directly communicates with the BS and

not through the super node.

Also by adaptively selecting the

monitoring interval depending on

channel conditions, the overall frequency

of monitoring is reduced.