Combined Heat and PowerG ifi ti O iGasification Overview

March 22, 2011

Mark Broses, PE, PrincipalDirector of Energy and Sustainability Services

Sh t Elli tt H d i k IShort Elliott Hendrickson, Inc.421 Frenette Drive

Chippewa Falls, WI 54729pp ,715.271.7501

mbroses@sehinc.com

Disclaimer

and a brief word about Confidentiality andConfidentiality and

Non Disclosure Agreements

Agenda

• Engineering Consulting Firms• Combined Heat and Power• Gasification (Biological and Thermal)• Drivers and Draggers• Drivers and Draggers• Examples

M lti di i li d E i i FiMulti-disciplined Engineering Firms

• Civil InfrastructureCivil Infrastructure• Mechanical• Electrical • Environmental• Architectural• Community Planning • Economic Development

P bli I f ti M ti• Public Information Meetings

The Project Life CycleProject Life Cycle -Total Project Solutions

CommissionInception -> Planning Legal -> Financing -> Feasibility -> Environmental Permits -> Design -> Procure Construct -> Commission Operation

Pursue Funding Analyze Risks Agency Coordination Develop Plans Additional Commission

Tasks we can assist you with:• Feasibility Studies and Tech Due Diligence OBJECTIVE REVIEW

ID Market, Create Opportunity, Investments

Develop Opportunity, Establish Team

Pursue Funding, Investments and Business Plan

Analyze Risks, Evaluate Options,

Estimate Costs

Agency Coordination, Public Involvement,

Approvals

Develop Plans Specifications and Bid Long-lead Equipment

Procurement and Construction Management

Commission, Compliance Testing

and OMM Plan

• Feasibility Studies and Tech Due Diligence - OBJECTIVE REVIEW• Site Alternative Evaluation• Public Information and Community Buy-in• Demonstration and Pilot Studies• EA’s, EIS, and Permits (Air, Water, Tanks, ….)

Utilit Connections (Po er Gas Se er Storm ater)• Utility Connections (Power, Gas, Sewer, Storm water)• Transportation (Roads, Rail, Airports)• Design, Plans, and Specifications, and Bidding• Construction Management and Commissioning• Long Term Environmental Compliance

Quantity of Projects

Short Elliott Hendrickson IncShort Elliott Hendrickson, Inc.• 500+ employees in 30 offices

St t d ith R l El t ifi ti i 1927• Started with Rural Electrification services – 1927• Expanded to Civil, Environmental, Transportation,

Architectural, and PlanningArchitectural, and Planning• Serve >1500 clients – Municipal, State, Federal, Tribal,

Commercial, Industrial, and Attorneys, …. and some d ldevelopers.

• Niche Teaming

• Several biomass projects underway (or on hold)

Biomass Resources are concentratedBiomass Resources are concentrated in the Midwest. So are we.

Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

• 60 to 80% efficiency (vs 30% for electricity alone)

• Also called Cogeneration• Turbines and SteamTurbines and Steam• Internal Combustion Engine Generator

Sets with Heat RecoverySets with Heat Recovery

Biomass CHP example(Hurst close-coupled gasifier)(Hurst close coupled gasifier)

http://www.hurstboiler.com/images/HBCPresentation.htm

Biogas CHP example (GE Jenbacher engine and heat recovery)

http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/recip_engines/en/downloads/as_biogas_feb08.pdf

Biomass Compared to Other Green Energy gy

(highjacked from JD Lindeberg’s slide)Mature Technologies Commercial

High WTE3 (combustion)Geothermal

Low

urity Offshore WindParabolic

Trough

CrystSilicon PVBiomass Co-Firing (direct)

Anaerobic Digester GasLand-Based Wind

Landfill Gas (fuel cells)

Biomass Direct Combustion

Low-Impact Hydro

Landfill Gas

chno

logy

Matu

EmergingBiomass1 (gasification)

Thin-Film PV

Landfill Gas (fuel cells)

Concentrating PV

Dish Stirling

Tidal Barrage

Low-Head Hydro

Tec Dish Stirling

Nano Solar CellsTidal Current

Biomass Pyrolysis

Power TowerWave

1. Biomass integrated gasification combined cycle

Low

HighLow Market Maturity

OTEC2 2. OTEC = ocean thermal energy conversion

3. WTE = waste to energy

Gasification is the transformation of S lid d/ Li idSolids and/or Liquids

into Gas

Biological (Biogas)Biological (Biogas)Thermal (Syn Gas or Producer Gas)

Either way: fuel specs are important.And don’t ignore gas clean up.

Biomass Feedstock for Gasification

W d t (f t h t• Wood waste (forestry harvest residuals, mfg and mill waste, demo waste, brush,…)

• Municipal waste (solid wasteMunicipal waste (solid waste, wastewater organics, methane, yard waste,…)

• Industrial organic waste (trimmings, byproducts, wastewater, off-gas,…)

• Agricultural crops (corn, soybeans, canola )canola, …)

• Agricultural waste (cobs, stover, manure,…)

Solid BiofuelsSolid Biofuels• Raw• Refuse Derived Fuel• Densified pellets or

briquettes • Torrified pellets• Char

Liquid BiofuelsLiquid Biofuels

• Ethanol• Biodiesel• Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

M th l• Methanol

Drivers

E i• Economic– Save money (waste to energy, biomass vs other fuels)– Make Money (tipping fees, power and heat sales)– Incentives (Tax, BCAP, biomass energy for biofuels)

• Regulated (RPS, RFS, GHG?)• Energy Security (rural areas and/or 3rd world)Energy Security (rural areas and/or 3 world)• Social

– Walmart Sustainability and Global Reporting InititativeGi th l h t th t (U i iti )– Give the people what they want (Universities)

– Distributed Energy = more local jobs

DraggersDraggers• Bad memories (old and new)• Demonstration projects still working out bugs• What’s the Core Business?• What s the Core Business? • Biomass isn’t free and it isn’t cheap• Competition for Fuel • Long term contracts? g• Decline of Industrial Heat Clients• Competition from other fuel (NG, cheap power on the market)• % RE toward RPS went Up because overall power demand went Down• Biomass locations not well located with Infrastructure needs• NIMBY• Stranded Assets (not what I want, but its paid for)• Uncertain Regulations (Air Quality Carbon Credits)• Uncertain Regulations (Air Quality, Carbon Credits)• Uncertain incentives• Short term survival vs. Long Term Return on Investment

Ad i i t ti IAdministrative Issues

• Long term fuel agreementsLong term fuel agreements• Bio Fuel price variation may not be related to

fossil fuel pricingp g• Air permits (for variable fuels)• Equipment Warranties (for fuel types)q p ( yp )• Public/private partnerships• Power Purchase AgreementsPower Purchase Agreements• Carbon Credits

At the PlantAt the Plant

F l lit ifi ti ( d j ti )• Fuel quality specifications (and rejection)• Storage (seasonal, space, degradation, self-heating)• Handling (sizing density separation fines rocks• Handling (sizing, density separation, fines, rocks,

corrosiveness, stability, etc)• Gas cleanup (tars, H2S, siloxanes,…)( )• Emissions (S and Hg may be lower but be careful with

NOX)24/7 R li bilit ? B k P• 24/7 Reliability? Backup Power

• New Health & Safety issues (CO, CH4, Dust)

Hot Buttons

• Sustainable Harvest Guidelines• Spread of disease or pests (beetles, etc)( )• Food (or forest products?) vs. Fuel• Traffic Traffic Traffic• Traffic, Traffic, Traffic• Odor & Noise & Dust• Local stake

Biological Gasification

Anaerobic Digestion => Biogas = 40 - 60% Methane40 60% Methane

Aerobic Digestion does not prod ce a f elAerobic Digestion – does not produce a fuel-worthy gas (CO2, H20)

Anaerobic Digestion

A huge variety of AD technologies exist• Temperature regimesg• Dry vs. Wet• Retention Times (hydraulic vs solids)• Retention Times (hydraulic vs solids)

Examples of Biogas CHP

• LaCrosse Landfill – Gunderson Lutheran Hospital

• Hammond Wastewater Treatment Plant

• 5 Star Dairy – Manure AD Biogas• Turtle Lake Collaborative Digester• Turtle Lake Collaborative Digester

Thermal Gasification(b t th b ti t f l t )(but save the combustion step for later)

http://www.gekgasifier.com/gasification-basics/how-it-works/

Thermal Gasification

• Fixed Bed vs. Fluidized Bed• Up Draft vs Down Draft• Close Coupled vs Two Staged

Excerpted from the EPA Biomass CHP Catalog http://www.epa.gov/chp/documents/biomass_chp_catalog.pdf

Example Thermal Gasification Technology Vendors

We have no affiliation with any of the vendors.

Gasifier Experimenters Kit Power Pallets

The G.E.K. Power Pallet is a compact power generator that uses woodpower generator that uses wood chips, nut shells and other commonly found agricultural and forest waste to generate electric power.p

The G.E.K. Power Pallet is an integrated system that consists of a biomass gasifier, a gas engine,agenerator and a sophisticated di it l t lldigital controller.

It can produce up to 20kW.The G.E.K. Power Pallet generates

electricitywith biomass ONLY, no di l t ldiesel or petrol.

http://www.gekgasifier.com/gasification-store/gasifier-genset-skids/

Community Power CorporationLittleton, ColoradoLittleton, Colorado

Chiptec Wood Energy SystemsWilliston VermontWilliston, Vermont

Nexterra Systems CorporationVancouver CanadaVancouver, Canada

Primenergy, LLCTulsa OklahomaTulsa, Oklahoma

Frontline Bioenergy, LLCCLEAN Gasifier Project at CVEC, Benson, MN

R i th l l t ith biRepowering an ethanol plant with biomass75 tpd => 300 tpd

Energy and Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota

So many choices ConsiderSo many choices…. Consider

• Biomass compatibility• Power and Heat production match to local needs• Power and Heat production match to local needs• Turn Down Ratio• Site Features and Space Constraints• Mature Brand vs Developing Technology• Mature Brand vs Developing Technology• Visit & talk to other customers – confirm systems are still working• Gas Cleanup Needs• Co Products (revenue source or waste issue?)• Co Products (revenue source or waste issue?)• Environmental Factors (Water Supply, Discharges, Odor, Dust, Noise,

Traffic, Hg…)• Vendor Responsiveness (may not have time for you or not interested in• Vendor Responsiveness (may not have time for you, or not interested in

your remote location)• Intellectual Property Disputes

Example Studyp y

•Biomass Assessment•Process Evaluation (level of complexity)I t t t d l (d i l)•Inputs, outputs and scale (demo or commercial)

•Market for product (robustness, competition, sensitivity)•Technology Assessment (level of development,

d R&D i t t)vendors, R&D interest)•Environmental Resources (feedstock, water, site selection, discharges, toxicity)•Economics (jobs, capital, O&M, funding support)

( )•Business Issues (ownership, access, branding)•Regulatory (CAA, CWA, RCRA, OSHA, BATF)•Social Issues (24/7 operations, safety, noise)

Bois Forte Biomass Resource AnalysisAnalysis

Distance analysis at 25, 50, 75 and 100 miles

Quantity of Projects

Resources on line

A bi Di ti t BiAnaerobic Digestion to Biogas• Landfill Methane http://www.epa.gov/lmop/• Methane from Manure http://www.epa.gov/agstar/

Thermal Gasification• USEPA http://www epa gov/chp/documents/biomass chp catalog pdfUSEPA http://www.epa.gov/chp/documents/biomass_chp_catalog.pdf• USDOE NREL

http://www.nrel.gov/biomass/proj_thermochemical_conversion.html• UND EERC http://www undeerc org/• UND EERC http://www.undeerc.org/

Thank YouThank You.

Mark Broses, PE, Principal, , pDirector of Energy and Sustainability Services

Short Elliott Hendrickson, Inc.421 Frenette Drive

Chippewa Falls, WI 54729715.271.7501

mbroses@sehinc.com