Combine Yield Monitors. Current Yield Monitors n Mass-flow sensor n Volumetric-flow sensor n...
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Transcript of Combine Yield Monitors. Current Yield Monitors n Mass-flow sensor n Volumetric-flow sensor n...
Current Yield MonitorsCurrent Yield MonitorsCurrent Yield MonitorsCurrent Yield Monitors
Mass-flow sensorMass-flow sensor Volumetric-flow sensorVolumetric-flow sensor Conveyor belt load sensorConveyor belt load sensor Trailer load sensorTrailer load sensor Torque transducerTorque transducer
Basics of Yield MonitoringBasics of Yield MonitoringBasics of Yield MonitoringBasics of Yield Monitoring
Possible Crops to MonitorPossible Crops to Monitor– Wheat and other grainsWheat and other grains– CottonCotton– Potato and Sugar BeetsPotato and Sugar Beets– BeansBeans– RiceRice– Specialty Crops Specialty Crops
Grapes, Tomatoes, Carrots, etc.Grapes, Tomatoes, Carrots, etc.
Impulse Yield SensorsImpulse Yield SensorsImpulse Yield SensorsImpulse Yield Sensors
John Deere
Case
Ag Leader
Micro Trak
Impulse Flow Meter Force VectorsImpulse Flow Meter Force VectorsImpulse Flow Meter Force VectorsImpulse Flow Meter Force Vectors
Dynamincs of an Impulse Flow MeterDynamincs of an Impulse Flow MeterDynamincs of an Impulse Flow MeterDynamincs of an Impulse Flow Meter
vmG
tdvmd
GF y
tdvdm
tdmdv
Assuming velocity is constant at t=t1
tdmdv
F y
Non-Impulse Yield SensorsNon-Impulse Yield SensorsNon-Impulse Yield SensorsNon-Impulse Yield Sensors
Nuclear -
Massey Ferguson - Europe
High Frequency Radio Waves
New Holland - Not marketed
Capacitance Moisture SensorsCapacitance Moisture SensorsCapacitance Moisture SensorsCapacitance Moisture Sensors
John Deere
Micro Track
Ag Leader
Case
Yield Mapping TrailerYield Mapping Trailer(Sugar Beet Harvest)(Sugar Beet Harvest)Yield Mapping TrailerYield Mapping Trailer(Sugar Beet Harvest)(Sugar Beet Harvest)
Yield Mapping TrailerYield Mapping TrailerYield Mapping TrailerYield Mapping Trailer
Measures change in weight in Measures change in weight in the trailer while allowing for the trailer while allowing for comparison at different times.comparison at different times.
Can be used for any crop that Can be used for any crop that is loaded into a trailer is loaded into a trailer continuously while harvested.continuously while harvested.
Corn SilageCorn SilageCorn SilageCorn Silage
The drive shaft of the base unit powering the The drive shaft of the base unit powering the cutterhead, feedrolls, and front attachment, cutterhead, feedrolls, and front attachment, are instrumented with strain gauge torque are instrumented with strain gauge torque transducers.transducers.
Cutting power is linearly related to material Cutting power is linearly related to material feedrate.feedrate.
Material flow can be expressed as:Material flow can be expressed as:
– FFrr(t)=Y(t)=Yii(t)S(t)Spp(t)W(t)W
Capacitance Moisture SensorsCapacitance Moisture SensorsCapacitance Moisture SensorsCapacitance Moisture Sensors
Sources of Yield Map ErrorSources of Yield Map ErrorSources of Yield Map ErrorSources of Yield Map Error
Unknown swath widthUnknown swath width Time lag of grain through combineTime lag of grain through combine GPS errorGPS error Multiple paths through combineMultiple paths through combine Surging of grain through combineSurging of grain through combine Grain lossesGrain losses Sensor CalibrationSensor Calibration
Sources of Impulse YieldSources of Impulse Yield Sensor Error Sensor Error
Sources of Impulse YieldSources of Impulse Yield Sensor Error Sensor Error
Grain MoistureGrain Moisture Grain Test WeightGrain Test Weight Grain TemperatureGrain Temperature Grain CultivarGrain Cultivar Grain SpeciesGrain Species ContaminationContamination
– DirtDirt– Plant oils, sap, etc.Plant oils, sap, etc.
Effect of Lag Time onEffect of Lag Time on Combine Yield Measurements Combine Yield Measurements
Effect of Lag Time onEffect of Lag Time on Combine Yield Measurements Combine Yield Measurements
P
Pt
t
t0
Crop Yield Along Swath
Actual Grain Yield
Yield Monitor Measured Grain Yield
Yie
ldY
ield
Grain Flow RateGrain Flow RateGrain Flow RateGrain Flow Rate
)1()1()( 2
0
1
0)
()
(q
tptq
tpt
erertV
V ( t ) = o u t p u t g r a i n f l o w r a t e a t s e n s o rr = m a g n i t u d e o f f l o w r a t e s t e p i n p u t a t h e a d e rP = t r a n s p o r t a t i o n d e l a y
P = 1 8 . 9 2 – 0 . 6 0 r f o r G l e a n e r N - 6q = t i m e c o n s t a n t
q 1 = 2 s f o r c o m b i n e i n t o c r o pq 2 = 1 0 s o u t o f c r o p
t 0 = t i m e o f s t e p i n p u t
F r o m S e a r c y e t a l . , 1 9 8 9 T r a n s . A S A E 3 2 : 8 2 6 - 8 2 9
Comparison on Raw and Filtered Comparison on Raw and Filtered Combine Flowrate DataCombine Flowrate DataComparison on Raw and Filtered Comparison on Raw and Filtered Combine Flowrate DataCombine Flowrate Data
Smoothing Effect of the Straw WalkersSmoothing Effect of the Straw WalkersSmoothing Effect of the Straw WalkersSmoothing Effect of the Straw Walkers
Combine Yield Monitor and Satellite Combine Yield Monitor and Satellite Estimated Wheat Yield MapsEstimated Wheat Yield MapsCombine Yield Monitor and Satellite Combine Yield Monitor and Satellite Estimated Wheat Yield MapsEstimated Wheat Yield Maps
Yield Monitor 26.4 bu/acYield Monitor 26.4 bu/ac Satellite Estimate 28.7 bu/acSatellite Estimate 28.7 bu/ac
GPS Error in CornGPS Error in Corn – Loss of Differential – Loss of Differential Correction Signal Correction Signal
GPS Error in CornGPS Error in Corn – Loss of Differential – Loss of Differential Correction Signal Correction Signal
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1998
Two Combines in the Field with only Two Combines in the Field with only One Equipped with GPSOne Equipped with GPSTwo Combines in the Field with only Two Combines in the Field with only One Equipped with GPSOne Equipped with GPS
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1997
Corn Yield Surface with KriegingCorn Yield Surface with KriegingCorn Yield Surface with KriegingCorn Yield Surface with Krieging
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1997
Corn Yield Surface with KriegingCorn Yield Surface with KriegingCorn Yield Surface with KriegingCorn Yield Surface with Krieging
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1998
Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation System Irrigation System Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation System Irrigation System
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1998
Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemIrrigation SystemWheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemIrrigation System
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1997
Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemIrrigation SystemWheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemIrrigation System
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1997
Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemIrrigation SystemWheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Wheat Yield Under a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemIrrigation System
Oklahoma Panhandle, 1998
Data Misaligned Because of the Lag in Data Misaligned Because of the Lag in the Combinethe CombineData Misaligned Because of the Lag in Data Misaligned Because of the Lag in the Combinethe Combine
Error Caused by the Lag in the CombineError Caused by the Lag in the CombineError Caused by the Lag in the CombineError Caused by the Lag in the Combine
English Wheat Field - Single Soil TypeEnglish Wheat Field - Single Soil TypeEnglish Wheat Field - Single Soil TypeEnglish Wheat Field - Single Soil Type
Southwest Iowa Corn FieldSouthwest Iowa Corn FieldSouthwest Iowa Corn FieldSouthwest Iowa Corn Field
Yield Moisture
AgLeader Cotton Yield MonitorAgLeader Cotton Yield MonitorAgLeader Cotton Yield MonitorAgLeader Cotton Yield Monitor
Developed by John Wilkerson – University of Tennessee
Peanut Yield Monitor Peanut Yield Monitor University of GeorgiaUniversity of GeorgiaPeanut Yield Monitor Peanut Yield Monitor University of GeorgiaUniversity of Georgia
Lime StreakingYield Map
NDVI MapLime Streaking not evident
5 Class Krieg
Courtesy of Tim Sharp Jackson State C.C.
Yield SurfaceWith Lime Streaking
NDVI surfaceWith lime streaking
5 Class Krieg
Courtesy of Tim Sharp Jackson State C.C.
Fertilizer Streaking5 Class KriegSpinner Applicator
Yield Surface NDVI Surface
Courtesy of Tim Sharp Jackson State C.C.
Major ChallengeMajor ChallengeMajor ChallengeMajor Challenge
Correlate Correlate NDVI NDVI surface surface data with data with yield yield surface surface datadata
NDVI Vs Yield Curve 2001
R2 = 0.8731
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Courtesy of Tim Sharp Jackson State C.C.
Cotman Sample PointsCotman Sample PointsCotman Sample PointsCotman Sample Points
Medium
Low
High
Courtesy of Tim Sharp Jackson State C.C.
NDVI 5 ClassSurface of Cotton
Red is BadGreen is Good
Note Image ofSurroundingFields, they wereTop-dressed withA spreader buggyBy the grower
SevereStreaking
Courtesy of Tim Sharp Jackson State C.C.