combat support air operations(CASO)
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS COMBAT SUPPOR AIR OPS (CSAO) SCOPE Definition & Aim Types of CSAO and Importance in Campaign Characteristics, Categories, Application, Employment Considerations and Importance with Examples from history of: Air to Air Refueling Aerospace Surveillance & Reconnaissance Airlift Operations Special Air Operations Combat Search and Rescue 1 /106
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The presentation briefly covers the supportive roles in w
Transcript of combat support air operations(CASO)
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
COMBAT SUPPOR AIR OPS (CSAO)
SCOPE Definition & Aim Types of CSAO and Importance in Campaign Characteristics, Categories, Application,
Employment Considerations and Importance with Examples from history of: Air to Air Refueling Aerospace Surveillance & Reconnaissance Airlift Operations Special Air Operations Combat Search and Rescue
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TAXONOMY OF AIR POWER
Air Strategy
Counter Air
Campaign
Anti
Surface
Campaign
Combat
Support Air
Campaign
Counter
Space
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Strategic
Attack
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TAXONOMY OF AIR POWER
Air Strategy
Counter Air
Campaign
Anti
Surface
Campaign
Combat
Support Air
Campaign
Counter
Space
Combat Air Operations
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Strategic
Attack
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TAXONOMY OF AIR POWER
Air Strategy
Counter Air
Campaign
Anti-Surface
Force Campaign
Combat Support Air Campaign
Counter
Space
Air to Air
Refueling
AerospaceSurveil &
Recce
Combat Search & Rescue
Special Air
Operations
Airlift
Operations
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Strategic
Attack
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
DEFINITION
Combat Support Air Operations are
“Non-combat operations, which are designed to enhance or support the effectiveness of air, surface and sub-surface combat forces”
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
SEQUENCE
Introduction
Air to Air Refueling
Aerospace Surveillance and
Reconnaissance (ASR)
Airlift Operations
Special Air Operations
Combat Search and Rescue
Conclusion
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIR TO AIR REFUELING13 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIR TO AIR REFUELING
In-flight transfer of fuel from one aircraft to another
Receiver
Tanker
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TYPES OF REFUELING
Probe & Drogue System
Boom & Socket System
Buddy Refueling
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
PROBE & DROGUE METHOD
Flexible Hose
DrogueProbe
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
PROBE & DROGUE METHOD
Advantages Low cost Simple design Simultaneous refueling
option
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
BOOM & SOCKET METHOD
Rigid Boom
Socket on the receiver
Nozzle
Boom Operator
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
BOOM & SOCKET METHOD
Advantages
Fast fuel transfer
6000 lbs/min
(3- 4 times higher)
Disadvantage
Only single refueling
point
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
BUDDY REFUELING METHOD
Strike Tanker
Buddy Aircraft
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
F-18
SU-30
BUDDY REFUELING METHOD21 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Enhanced Range & Endurance
Deep strike capability Enhanced on-station
time Effective utilization
B-2 longest bombing mission from USA to Iraq enabled by refuelers
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Enhanced Payload
Concentration of firepower
1000 armed aircraft deployed during Gulf War-I
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Indirect approaches
Element of Surprise
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
APPLICATIONSUS Strike over Libya
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Economy of effort
Multiple missions
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Air Superiority is a pre-requisite
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Aerial Refuelers are High Valued Assets (HVAs)
Demoralizing effect
Significant effect on conduct of operations
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Vulnerability
Should be based out
of enemy range
Susceptible to ground attack during take off and landing phase
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIR TO AIR REFUELING30 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance Operations (ISR Operations)
COLLECT
EXPLOIT
DISSEMINATE
AWARENESS
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AEROSPACE SURVEILLANCE
AND RECONNAISSANCE
(ASR)
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
SURVEILLANCE
Surveillance :
“The systematic observation of aerospace, surface and sub-surface areas, places, persons or objects by visual, aural, photographic and electronic means”
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
RECONNAISSANCE Reconnaissance :
“Obtaining of information about the activities and resources of enemy, or data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic or geographic characteristics of a particular area”
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
DIFFERENCE
Surveillance Continuous process Large Area Longer period of time
Reconnaissance Single point Short period of time
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Resources
Ground based radars and sensors
Airborne platforms
Space-based satellites
TYPES OF ASR ASSETS 36 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
GROUND BASED ASSETS
Over the Horizon Radars(OTH)
Surveillance Radars
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
SURVEILLANCE RADARS
TPS-43G Radars TPS-77 Radars
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
OVER THE HORIZON RADARS
Range : More than 3000 KM
Principle : Energy reflection from Ionosphere
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRBORNE PLATFROMS
Manned Aircraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRCRAFT
U-2
SR-71
JSTARS
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
UAVs
Extensive utilization
Predator employed in FATA
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
SATELLITES
Integral part of military forces
Worldwide coverage
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
APPLICATIONS
Information for strategy and planning
Information for operational and tactica level for successful operations
Determining enemy Order of Battle
Detect enemy behavior
Deter potential adversaries
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
EMPOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Radars Round the clock surveillance Limited enemy coverage Require defences against threat
Over the Horizon Radars Bulky systems Easy targeting by enemy aircraft Accuracy limitations
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
EMPOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Aircraft Impermanence Vulnerability to enemy threat Weather limitation
UAVs No risk to aircrew Long duration flights Less cost / vulnerable
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
EMPOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Satellites Continuous surveillance
Immunity against enemy action
Highly expensive
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
ASR48 /106
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
COMBAT AIR SUPPORT OPS
Combat Support Air Operations
Air to Air
Refueling
Combat Search & Rescue
Special Air
Operations
Airlift
Operations
AerospaceSurveil &
Recce
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT OPERATIONS51 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT OPERATIONS
Airlift Operations are
“…..those which involve movement by air of
personnel and cargo within and between
theaters of operation…..”
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Air transport
Fixed wing Helicopters
Fixed wing higher speed & more load
Helicopters can land anywhere
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT OPERATIONS53 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
CATEGORIES OF AIRLIFT
Strategic Airlift
Tactical Airlift
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
STRATEGIC AIRLIFT
Between theaters Airlift
Deployment of troops and equipment around the world to Iraq
Europe
Iraq
USA
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
STRATEGIC AIRLIFT
Russian An-124 US C-5 Galaxy
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TACTICAL AIRLIFT
CH-47 Chinook
CN-235 CASA C-130 Hercules
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
Speed and Reach Faster and farther deployment
Yom-e-Kippur War
Israel sustained war on 26 % airlifted US consignments
74 % support from sea arrived late
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS
Ubiquity
Not hindered by surface obstructions
Logistic support to isolated bases and land locked countries and disaster hit areas
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Relief goods were supplied by Air Transport to isolated locations during Massive Floods in 2010
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS60 /106
Mobility Rapid deployment Re-deployment Evacuation
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
CHARACTERISTICS61 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Variety of Roles Flexibility
Surprise
Morale
CHARACTERISTICS62 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT ROLES
Airlift Operations
Scheduled
Services
Air Logistic
Operation
Tactical AirliftStrategic Airlift
Airborne
Operation
AeroMedical
Evacuation
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT ROLES
Scheduled Services
Pre-planned movement of personnel & equipment
VIP transportation
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT ROLES
Air Logistic Operations
Distribute and recovery of personnel and equipment
Established Air Bridge for Berlin in 1948-49 2.3 Million tons cargo For 318 days Saving Starvation and
Surrender
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRBORNE OPERATIONS
Airlift Operations
ParachuteAssault
HeliborneAssault
Air Landing
AirborneOperations
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRBORNE OPERATIONS
Parachute Assault
Airdrop behind enemy lines
Seize area or engage enemy
Invasion of Crete Island by Germans in 1941
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT ROLES
Heliborne Assault
Vertical take off & landing
Flexibility & surprise
Effective utilization in Vietnam and Korean War
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Air Landing
Transportation of troops to hostile territory
Quick landing & Return
AIRLIFT ROLES69 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT ROLES
Aero-medical Evacuation
Evacuation of Injured personnel during war and peace
Evacuation of Disaster struck personnel
AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Vulnerability Slow speed Less maneuverability Unarmed
Expensive operation Economy in usage In conjunction with
surface transport
Joint planning during war
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
AIRLIFT OPERATIONS
Scheduled Services
AirborneOperations
Special AirOperations
Air LogisticOperations
Airlift Operations
Aero-medicalEvacuation
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
SPECIAL AIR OPEARTIONS
The operations conducted by specially trained, equipped and organized forces against strategic and tactical targets in pursuit of military, political, economic or psychological objectives.
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
SPECIAL AIR OPEARTIONS
…”The operations conducted at any level of the conflict in support of unconventional warfare, clandestine, covert and psychological operation.”
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Tactical by nature May derive strategic
results
Applicability During war with or
independent of conventional forces
During peace to respond to various issues
APPLICATION75 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Accurate intelligence
Secrecy of plan
Reliance on self contained assets
Highly trained personnel
Isolated employment
Principle of surprise, speed & purpose
CHARACTERISTICS76 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
High Physical and Political Risk
Approval by Highest Authority
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS77 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Swift Operations
Objective oriented
Delay increases
vulnerability
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS78 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Secrecy in Planning
Accurate intelligence mandatory
Clandestine & Covert operations
Far reaching implication
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS79 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Direct Operations
Against specific target or personnel
Attack through Raids, ambush, assault
Egyptian radar was airlifted by Israeli special forces
TYPES OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS80 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS 81
TYPES OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS
OPERATION NEPTUNE SPEAR(2ND MAY 2011)
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TYPES OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS
Foreign Internal Defence Operations
Conducted on request
from friendly nations
Training of friendly nation
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TYPES OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS
Psychological Operations
To influence behavior &
attitude
To gain sympathy for
national objective
Deceive, confuse &
break will of enemy
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
TYPES OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS
Support of Counter Air Operations
Special reconnaissance and covert operations against air targets
US special forces provided strategic intelligence in Gulf War
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
COMBAT SEARCH AND RESCUE85 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
COMBAT AIR SUPPORT OPS
Combat Support Air Operations
Air to Air
Refueling
Combat Search & Rescue
Special Air
Operations
Airlift
Operations
AerospaceSurveil &
Recce
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
COMBAT SEARCH AND RESCUE
CSAR is
“…an operation that uses aircraft (usually helicopters) and rescue forces to locate and rescue or recover aircrew who have abandoned their aircraft, particularly during combat operations.”
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Compromise on critical source of information
Detrimental effect on operations
Loss of highly trained personnel
Reduces operational effectiveness
Burden on training
IMPORTANCE OF CSAR88 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Political Exploitation
Media influence
Exploitation of captured personnel during
Vietnam war
IMPORTANCE OF CSAR89 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Morale
Personnel recovery boosts morale
IMPORTANCE OF CSAR90 /106
Recovery vehicle (helicopter)
Special services force
Escort elements
Command & control platforms
Air cover element for
Ground force suppression
Combat air patrolCOMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
FORCE COMPOSITION OF CSAR91 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Timely communication of distress signal Emergency location Beacon Personal Location Beacon
Location & Authentication of identity Hostile environment Exact location is imperative Generation of false signal as a trap under
enemy pressure
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS92 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Environmental Assessment Enemy threat Weather & terrain.
Expeditious Recovery to friendly location for safe rescue operation
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS93 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
RESCUE OF USAF Capt. SCOTT O’ GRADY
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COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
CONCLUSION
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AP-3000 Air Refueling Air Force Doctrine 2-6.2 July, 1999 Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance
Operations Air Force Doctrine 2-5.2 April 1999 Military Air Transport Operations G/C Keith
Chapman Special Air Operation Air Force Doctrine 2-6.2 Combat Search and Rescue Australian Air Force
BIBLIOGRAPHY97 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
https://www.dsta.gov.sg/index.php/DSTA-2005-Chapter-
2/Page-2.html
http/www.thefreedictionary.com/force+multiplier
www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/
jan-feb/weers.html
www.ndtv.com/article/india/india-air-force-to-have-mid-
air-refueling-capability-on-all-combat-aircraft-303115 (Indian Air Force to have mid-air refueling capability on all combat aircraft)
http://books.google.com
BIBLIOGRAPHY98 /106
COMBAT SUPPORT AIR OPERATIONS
Questions ???
COMBAT SUPPOR AIR OPS
