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Transcript of Com Power Pfc05en (Web)
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About
Power Factor Correction
Solutions for
Energy Efficiency
For internal distribution only
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Power Factor Correction:true solution for improving
Energy Efficiencyfor our customers
PFC Line of Business
550 people
6 industrial facilities
60 business specialists
in the world
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Summary
What is Power Factor Correction?
Customer benefits
Offer panorama
They have trusted us
Revelant documents and links
Contacts
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16
19
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What is Power Factor Correction?
Definition of Power Factor
The active power P (kW)is the real power transmitted to loads such as motors, lamps, heaters,
computers. The electrical active power is transformed into mechanical power, heat or light.
In a circuit where the applied r.m.s. voltage is Vrms and the circulating r.m.s. current is Irms, the
apparent power S (kVA)is: S = Vrms
x Irms
The apparent power is the basis for electrical equipment rating.
The Power Factor is the ratio of the active power P (kW) to the apparent power S (kVA).
=P(kW)
S(kVA)
Reactive power
/
Harmonics
Active Power
(kW)
Apparent power
(kVA)
Power Factor is deteriorated by:
reactive power(when voltage
and current are phase-shifted)
harmonics(when voltage or
current are distorted)
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Power Factor Correction
In electrical networks, reactive power and harmonics result in increased line currents for a given active
power transmitted to loads. The principle of Power Factor Correctionis to reduce the apparent Power
S(kVA) for a given active Power P(kW).
Power Quality auditsand installation of Power Monitoring systemsare the preliminary steps to be
proposed to customers. This will provide a full knowledge of the electrical installation characteristics in
terms of Power Factor and Harmonic distortion. Compensation of reactive power/energy or harmonicmitigation will be selected accordingly.
Compensation of reactive power/energy
Generally, the electricity bill includes components related to active and reactive power absorbed over
time (active and reactive energy).
Compensation of reactive energy is typically achieved by producing reactive energy close to the
consuming loads, through connection of capacitor banks to the network. Then, only the active energy
has to be supplied by the energy supplier.
Harmonic mitigation
Operation of active harmonic filter is identical to a noise-cancellation headset:
The active filter injects currents on the network, eliminating the distortion
Power losses and disturbances are reduced
Reactive energy supplied and
billed by the energy provider.
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Before After
Power
generation
Active energy
Reactive energy
Transmission
network
Active energy
Reactive energyMotor
Power
generation
Transmission
networkMotor
Active energy Active energy
Reactive energy
Capacitor
The reactive power is supplied
by capacitors. No billing of
reactive power by the energy
supplier.
Harmonicgenerators
Activefilter
ResultMV
Harmonic
M
Harmonicgenerators
Activefilter
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Customer benefits
Save on the electricity bill: reduce Opex
Eliminating penalties on reactive energy and decreasing kVA demand,
Reducing power losses generated in the transformers and conductors
of the installation, thus reducing CO2 emission.
Example:
Loss reduction in a 630 kVA transformer
PW = 6,500 W with an initial Power Factor = 0.7.
With power factor correction, we obtain a final Power Factor = 0.98. The losses
become: 3,316 W, i.e. a reduction of 49%.
Increase available power
Allowing a better use of electrical equipment. Example: The power
available at the secondary of a MV/LV transformer can be increased by
fitting Power Factor Correction equipment on the low voltage side.
The table opposite shows the increased available power at the
transformer output through improvement of the Power Factor from 0.7
to 1.
Reduce installation size: reduce Capex
Installing power factor correction equipment allows
conductor cross-section to be reduced, since less current is
absorbed by the compensated installation for the same
active power.
The opposite table shows the multiplying factor for theconductor cross-section with different power factor values.
Power
factor
Increased
available
power
0.7 0 %
0.8 +14 %
0.85 +21 %
0.90 + 28 %
0.95 +36 %
1 +43 %
Power
factor
Cable cross
section
multiplying
factor
1 1
0.95 1.05
0.9 1.1
0.85 1.17
0.8 1.25
0.7 1.43
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Improve Power Quality
Harmonics are responsible of different nuisances:
Deterioration of the supply voltage quality,
Stress of the electrical network and potential equipment damage,
Disruption of normal operation and increased operating costs,
Overheating of transformers, motors and cables, thermal tripping of protective devices
and logic faults of digital devices,
Reduction of equipment life span by elevated operating temperature.
Active Harmonic Filtersprovide the best technical and cost effective solution.
Equipment such as welders, induction furnaces, lifts, crushers are generating:
Rapid and frequent load variations,
Fast and large voltage fluctuations at the users level,
Light flicker and disturbances of sensitive equipment.
Electronicor Hybrid Var Compensators, based on Active Harmonic Filter technology, can
solve this problem.
Provide voltage support on weak grids
Renewable energy generators such as wind turbines, solar panels and small hydrogenerators are generally connected on weak grids,
Voltage support is requested by the Utilities in order to avoid large voltage fluctuations.
In all these situations, the best result is obtained with fast and continuous reactive energy
compensation.
Improve electricity availability and business performance
Power Factor Correction equipments provide solutions for an optimized use of Electricity:
Increased reliability and equipment lifetime,
Reduced risks of outage,
Increased productivity & quality.
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Offer panorama
LV metallic capacitors
VarplusCan / VarplusBox
VarplusCan
Construction Extruded aluminium can
Voltage 230 V - 690 V 400 V - 690 V 400 V - 600 Vrange
Power range 1 50 kvar 5 15 kvar 6.5 100 kvar 6.5 25 kvar(three-phase)
Overcurrent 1.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN
Mean life Up to 100,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 hexpectancy
Safety Self-healing + pressure-sensitive disconnector + discharge device
Dielectric Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paper Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paperfilm with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film film with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film
Ambient -25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70C -25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70Ctemperature
PE90132
PE90131
PE90130
+
PE90131
SDuty HDuty Energy HarmonicHDuty HarmonicEnergy
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VarplusBox
Steel sheet enclosure
380 V - 690 V 380 V - 690 V
2.5 100 kvar 6.5 100 kvar
1.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN 1.8 x IN 2.5 x IN
Up to 100,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 h Up to 130,000 h Up to 160,000 h
Self-healing + pressure-sensitive disconnector + discharge device
Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paper Metallized polypropylene Double metallized paperfilm with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film film with Zn/Al alloy + Polypropylene film
-25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70C -25- Max 55C/Class D -25- Max 70C
PE90135
PE90136
+
+
PE90154
PE90164
PE90137
PE
90134
PE90135
SDuty HDuty Energy HarmonicHDuty Harmonic Energy
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Service voltage (V) 230 to 690/50Hz 240 to 600 / 60Hz
Rated voltage (V) Up to 690V
kvar range 2.5 to 20
Protection system HQ protection system built into each single phase element:
- high current fault protection by HRC cartridge fuse
- low current fault protection by combination of single
phase internal overpressure device with the HRC fuse
Installation All positions are convenient except vertical one with
connecting terminals upside down
Temperature class D (+55 C)
Overcurrent + 30 % permanently
Harmonics Up to 50% non-linear loads with detuned reactor
LV plastic capacitors / modules / capacitor banks
Varplus2 capacitors
Varpact modules
Varset capacitor banks
Service voltage 400V / 50Hz
kvar range 12.5 to 120
Connection Cable / busbar
Configuration Single / double
Harmonics Classic:15% non-linear loadsComfort:15 to 25% non-linear loads
Harmony:25 to 50% non-linear loads
Temperature max: 40 C around the capacitor bank (electrical room)
Installation Horizontal or vertical
Options Circuit breaker
Service voltage 400V / 50Hz
kvar range 7.5 to 1200
Harmonics Classic: 15% non-linear loads
Comfort:15 to 25% non-linear loads
Harmony:25 to 50% non-linear loads
Enclosure Wall-mounted or free-standing
Protection IP31
Temperature max: 40 C around the capacitor bank (electrical room)
Options Circuit breaker
Transient-free switching (VarsetFast)
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Power Factor Controllers
The Varlogic controllers permanently
monitor the reactive power of the
installation and control the connection
and disconnection of capacitor steps
in order to obtain the targeted power
factor
Benefits
Permanent monitoring of the network and equipment;
Providing information on equipment status;
Alarm signals transmitted in case of anomaly;
Communication by Modbus protocol (Varlogic NRC12)
Simplicity
Simplified programming and possibility of intelligent self
set-up,
Ergonomic layout on control buttons.
User-friendlinessThe large display allows:
Direct viewing of installation electrical information and
capacitor stage condition;
Direct reading of set-up configuration;
Intuitive browsing in the various menus (indications,
commissioning, configuration);
Alarm indication.
Performance Access to a wealth of network and capacitor bank data;
New control algorithm designed to reduce the number of
switching operations and quickly attain the targeted power
factor.
Simplified installation and set-up
Quick and simple mounting and wiring;
Insensitive to current transformer polarity and phase
rotation polarity;
A special menu allows controller self-configuration.
Monitoring and protection
Alarms
Should an anomaly occur on the network or the capacitor
bank, alarms are indicated on the screen and alarm contact
closure is initiated;
The alarm message is maintained on the screen once the
fault clears until it is manually removed.
Protection If necessary, the capacitor steps are automatically
disconnected to protect the equipment.
Varlogic RT6/8/12
Varlogic NR6/12
Varlogic NRC12
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Harmonic Active Filters
The right choice for each needSchneider Electric is specialised in harmonic mitigation objectives and is therefore offering a broad
range of solutions for every demand.We propose solutions which maximize the savings when balanced with the cost of the harmonic
mitigation equipment to get a reasonable Return On Investment (ROI). We propose two different
ranges of active filters: AccuSine SWP and AccuSine PCS which cover a large extent of customer
needs. Their main characteristics are summarized below.
AccuSine SWP AccuSine PCS
UPS, Air handling system
UPS, ground power systems
HVAC, Lifts
HVAC, Lifts
Drilling, extraction pumps
Port cranes
Pumps, UV treatment
Welders, handling equipment
Crushers, conveyors
Pumps, fans, winch
Cable cars, ski lifts
Three or four wire connection (3 phase or 3 phase +
Neutral) 400V supply, other voltages possible with transformers
Units from 20A to 120A, with possible parallel operation
up to 480 A
Cancellation up to the 25th harmonic.
Neutral harmonic correction at 3 times unit rating.
Three wire connection
From 230 V to 480 V supply (higher voltage level possible withtransformer).
Filtering at network level, units from 50 A to 300 A, with possi-
ble parallel operation up to 3000 A.
Cancellation up to the 50th harmonic.
PE90051
PE90052
64568
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MV capacitors
Description
A medium-voltagePropivar NGcapacitor takes the form of a metalenclosure with terminals on top. This enclosure contains a set of
capacitor elements. Wired in series-parallel groups, they can form
unit elements of high power for high network voltages.
CompositionThe capacitor elements forming the Propivar capacitors are made of:
aluminium sheet armatures,
polypropylene films,
a PCB, chlorine-free dielectric fluid.
Main characteristicsPropivar capacitors have a long service life increased by their thermal
resistance and their low losses, their chemical stability and their
resistance to over-voltage and over-current.
Wide temperature range
Chemical stability
High over-voltage and over-current resistance
Other caracteristics
Operating frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz
Temperature range -25 to +50C
Average loss factor at 20C after
stabilization
0.16 W/kvar with internal fuses
0.12 W/kvar without internal fuse
Maximum nominal reactive power Three-phase capacitor 600 kvar
Double-phase capacitor 800 kvar
Single-phase capacitor 1000 kvar
Single-phase Propivar NG
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Industrial application
Applications Motor compensation Industrial compensation Industrial compensationFixed bank Automatic bank Automatic bank
Reference CP214 CP214SAH* CP253 CP253SAH*
Three-lines diagrams
Maximum voltage Up to 12 kV Up to 12kV Up to 12 kV
Connection mode Three-phase capacitors with delta connection Three-phase capacitors Three-phase capacitorsup to 900 kvar, up to 900 kvar,single-phase capacitors single-phase capacitorswith double star with double star
connection above connection above
Type of protection HRC fuses (**) HRC fuses HRC fuses
Maximum power**** 2 x 450, i.e. 900 kvar Up to 4500 kvar Up to 4000 kvar
Comments
* SAH: Detuning Reactor
** HRC: High Rupturing Capacity
*** CT: Current Transformer
**** For larger power rating, please contact us
CP 214 CP 227SAH CP 253 CP 254
PE90107
PB1
01996_
SE
PB1
02003_
SE
PB1
02001_
SE
DE90082
DE90082
DE90082
DE90082
MV capacitor banks
Up to 900kvar: with 3-phase
capacitors. Above 900kvar:
single-phasecapacitors with
double star conection
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All applications Energy application
Global compensation Distribution system Distribution system Distribution Fixed bank Large sites Fixed bank and Transport system Automatic bank Fixed bank
CP227 CP254 CP229 CP230
Up to 36kV From 12 to 36 kV Up to 36 kV Above 36 kV
Single-phase capacitors with double star connection Single-phase capacitorswith double star
or H connection
Unbalance by CT*** Unbalance by CT*** and relayand relay
12 x 600, i.e. 7200 kvar 12 x 480, i.e. 5760 kvar Please contact us Please contact us
SAH* on request SAH* on request SAH* on request SAH* on request
CP 229 CP 230
PE90108
PE90084
DE90082
DE90082
DE90082
DE90082
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They have trusted us
LV capacitor bank
Customer: Ministry of Electricity & Water, Kuwait
Stakes
With increasing load, MEW needed immediate measures for reducing energy consumption. MEW was
facing problems of transformer and switchgear failures, in an overloaded distribution network.
A solution was investigated, without any change in the electricity tariff which is amongst the lowest in
the world. Till a recent past, there was no regulation for reactive energy compensation.
HVAC and lighting constitutes to more than 80% of energy comsumption
Schneider Electric solution
MEW was keen in installing LV PFC equipment because it would allow:
approx. 15 - 20% kVA capacity release, approx. 20 - 25% reduction in tranformer losses.
The equipment is for 240 LV Capacitor Banks + 20 Active Harmonic Filters to be installed in 50 - 75
Substations.
Each capacitor bank includes Power Quality Metering and remote monitoring using PowerLogic ION
7650 meters.
Capacitor banks are fitted with air conditioning systems for outdoor application. Capacitor banks are
rated for a 50C ambient temperature.
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Schneider Electric solution
In order to improve distribution network quality by decreasing reactive energy losses, a reliable
automatic capacitor bank solution for the 20 kV and 25 kV networks was proposed. Fixed and
automatic capacitor banks between 4 and 6 Mvar have been delivered to ENDESA.
MV capacitor bank
Customer: ENDESA, Spain
Stakes
ENDESA manages and operates part of the MV distribution network in Spain. The ENDESA Group
produces 47% of Spains electricity and controls 43% of the distribution in the country.
Electricity supply quality and supply continuity must be irreproachable. Improvement of distribution
network quality depends on decreasing reactive energy losses.
Each capacitor bank includes:
12 or 18 capacitor units with internal fuses connected in
double star
3 inrush current reactors
1 unbalanced CT protection
1 earthing switch for the protection of people
1 SF1 switch + 2 overcurrent protection transformers
(automatic capacitor banks only).
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Active filterMetro-cable, Medellin, Colombia.
Stakes
The Medellin Metro-cable is driven by two 535kW motors, with two 960kW variable speed controllers.
These electronic devices are responsible for harmonic distortion and poor power factor.
Before implementation of correction equipment, the measurement results give:
Power factor: 0.65 to 0.74
Total Demand Distortion: 33 to 52%
Voltage distortion THDu: 5.6 to 6.1%
Harmonic current limits specified by the Utility are exceeded for harmonics 5, 7, 11, 13.
Schneider Electric Solution
For compliance to the Utility regulations and improvement of the Power Factor, active filters have been
selected as the most efficient and flexible solution. Two Accusine PCS Active Harmonic Filters, ratedat 300A each have been implemented.
The following table illustrates the resulting improvement,
for the same operating point:
Without filter With filter
Line current (A) 332.8 156
Current Harmonic distortion (%) 43.7 7
Power Factor 0.66 0.99
Full compliance with Utility regulations is obtained, and power losses
are reduced by 45%.
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Relevant documents published by Schneider Electric
Expert Guide n6:Capacitor protection
Expert Guide n4:Harmonic detection & filtering
Technical Guide 152:Harmonic disturbances in networks, and their treatment
Technical Guide 202: The singularities of the third harmonic
Panel Builders Guide
Reactive Energy Management LV components - Catalogue 2011(PFCED310003EN)
Power Factor Correction and harmonic filtering solutions - MV Catalogue 2010 (CFIED205098EN)
AccuSine - Harmonic filtering and reactive power compensation - Catalogue 2011 (AMTED109015EN)
Harmonic Mitigation Solutions Handbook (SLTED109014EN)
White paper:Controlling the Impact of Power Factor and Harmonics on Energy Efficiency
Relevant websites
http://www.schneider-electric.com
http://www.electrical-installation.org/wiki/Main_Page
https://www.solution-toolbox.schneider-electric.com/segment-solutions
http://engineering.electrical-equipment.org
e-learning
Energy University training course: Power Factor & Harmonics
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Contacts
R. HENRIGeneral Sales Management
+33 4 50 66 95 20
S. RATELEurope, Russia
+33 4 50 66 95 31
P. RICHARDSouth America, Africa
+34 934 84 32 83
M.T. NIGENFrance, Nordic Baltic+33 4 50 66 95 27
T. LE GUILLOUAsia Pacific
+86 10 84 34 66 99
As standards, specications and designs develop from time to time, always ask for comrmation
of the information given in this publication.
Production and design: Schneider Electric
Pictures: Schneider Electric
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Head Ofce35 rue Joseph Monier
CS 30323
F - 92506 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex
RCS Nanterre 954 503 439
Capital social 896 313 776
This document has been printed on ecological paper
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+1 613 247 7171
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+91 80 39 10 20 38
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