Colony Review The Thirteen English Colonies. Virginia Founding of Jamestown (1607) Joint-stock...
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Transcript of Colony Review The Thirteen English Colonies. Virginia Founding of Jamestown (1607) Joint-stock...
Colony Review
The Thirteen English Colonies
Virginia
Founding of Jamestown (1607)Joint-stock London CompanyCharter from King James IToo many “gentlemen”John Smith takes chargeNew settlers reinforce
in 1610
Virginia
Tobacco CultivationJohn Rolfe cultivates West
Indies species in Virginia good cash crop
Virginia Company grants 50 acres to each new settler
Virginia
Survival AssuredVirginia company goes bankrupt1200 settlers in 1624, becomes a
royal colony
Massachusetts
Plymouth (1620)Protestant pilgrims, persecuted by
Anglicans, sail for new world on Mayflower
Blown off course, land at Plymouth
William Bradford leads colony to survival, with help of natives
Later absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massachusetts
Massachusetts Bay (1630)Puritans organized by
Massachusetts Bay Company, gain charter from Charles I
Led by John Winthrop, 1000 settle in Massachusetts, mostly at Salem, Cambridge, Boston
Puritans continue to move there, 20,000 strong by 1640
Colonial government pro-puritan, anti-dissent
Rhode Island (1636)
Roger Williams, Salem minister, challenges Puritan rule
Expelled in 1635, founds Providence, Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson goes to Rhode Island
1644 government permits religious freedom, separation of church and state
Connecticut (1636)
Thomas Hooker, Cambridge pastor, led congregation to settle Hartford, Connecticut; not religious dissenters, wanted better lands
Received a royal charter 1662
New Hampshire (1638)
Settled by Massachusetts colonists leaving for political, religious, economic reasons
Under control of Massachusetts but gained royal charter in 1679
Maryland (1638)
George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore, a Catholic convert, gained a grant to settle here
Called a propriety colony, as it belongs to an owner
Calverts’ son brought first settlers there in 1634
Freedom of religion Catholics & Protestants
Tobacco farmers
The Carolinas (1663)
Propriety colonies North settled by Virginians South settled by other Brits and
Europeans Raised rice, indigo, tar & pitch,
traded furs Settlers opposed propriety,
gained royal charters
New York (1664)
English seize New Netherland, King Charles assigns it to James, the Duke of York
Renamed New York, Dutch retain land, language, rights, legislative assembly
Becomes royal colony when James becomes king 1685
New Jersey (1664)
James granted area between Hudson &Delaware Rivers to friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George Carteret
Already had some Dutch and Swedish settlements
Propriety sold to Quakers, but later became royal colony 1702
Pennsylvania (1681)
William Penn received charter in return for debt owed him by Charles II
Penn founds it for business and place for Society of Friends Quakers – no formal organization,
humility, hard work, charity, brotherly love ( Philadelphia), pacifists
Pennsylvania (1681)
Religious freedom, popularly elected legislature, fertile land, fair treatment of natives
Attracted many British, German and Swiss Quakers, Mennonites, Amish
Delaware (1682)
William Penn received grant to Delaware, but Swedish and Dutch already there wanted self rule Penn grants them own assembly
Georgia (1732)
Philanthropist James Oglethorpe secures charter from George II
Outpost against Spanish Florida & home to debtors
Developed large plantations employing slave labor
Became royal colony 1752