Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750 1620 – Mayflower “all people are corrupt and must be saved by...
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Transcript of Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750 1620 – Mayflower “all people are corrupt and must be saved by...
![Page 1: Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750 1620 – Mayflower “all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ” Genre/Style: sermons, diaries – Cotton Mather.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e355503460f94b23c38/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Colonialism- Puritanism 1650-1750
1620 – Mayflower “all people are corrupt
and must be saved by Christ”
Genre/Style:sermons, diaries – Cotton
Matherpersonal narratives /letterspoems – Anne Bradstreet
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Rationalism/ Age of Enlightenment1750-1800
the Founding Fathers – The American Revolution (1775-1783)democratic utopia
Genre/Style:political pamphlets – rise of journalismtravel writinghighly ornate writing style
Thomas Paine – The Age of Reason, Common SenseThomas Jefferson – The Declaration of Independence Benjamin Franklin – Poor Richard’s Almanac , Autobiography
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19th Century
• Thriving economy• 1850s – the Gold Rush• Industrial Revolution – H. Ford, A. Bell (1876)• Lack of political unity – rivalry North vs South• The Civil War (1861-1865) – Abraham Lincoln• Anti-discrimination measures – 14th, 15th
amendments• Slavery segregation (KKK)• Laws restricting immigration (1882)
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American Renaissance/Romanticism1800-1855
Washington Irving – The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip van Winkle (1819)
James Fenimore Cooper – the “American Walter Scott” – The Last of the Mohicans (1826)
Edgar Allen Poe- darker side of human nature – GOTHIC double – supernatural
TRANSCENDENTALISM - finding the truth through feeling and intuitionRalph Waldo Emerson – Nature (1836), Self-Reliance (1841)Henry David Thoreau – Civil Disobedience (1841), Walden (1854)
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Nathaniel Hawthorne- man in society The Scarlet Letter (1850)
Herman Melville Moby Dick (1851) – a ‘wild and mad novel’
Mark Twain – the ‘human journey’Life on the Mississippi (1883)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
Harriet Beecher Stowe – “So you’re the little woman who made the book that made the great war” Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
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Poetry
• Walt Whitman – Leaves of Grass (1855) –experimental poetry
“I celebrate myself and sing myselfNothing, not God, is greater than the self is”
• Emily Dickinson – personal and pure kind of poetry – unconventional style
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Realism1855-1900
• Content:common characters not idealized (immigrants, laborers)people in society defined by classsociety corrupted by materialism
• William Dean Howells A Modern Instance (1882) – divorce
• Edward BellamyLooking Backward, 2000-1887
• Henry James – ‘recorder of the times’ – psychological realism
The Portrait of a Lady (1881)The Ambassadors (1903)
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Naturalism1880-1900
• writers reflect the ideas of Darwin and Karl Marx • the "brute within" • fight for survival in an amoral, indifferent world – ‘the ugly side’• fictional world is commonplace and unheroic - dull existence
Stephen Crane - The Red Badge of Courage (1895)Frank Norris – the world=battlefield between
uncontrollable forces Jack London – Call of the Wild (1903)
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1900-1950
• War with Spain (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam the Philippines)
• 1919 – Woodrow Wilson – The League of Nations• 1920s- the Roaring Twenties – excess and enjoyment• 1920-1933 – Prohibition organised crime• 1929 –Wall Street Crash the Great Depression• F.D. Roosevelt – The New Deal• 1945 – US joins the UN• 1948 – the Marshall Plan (Aid)• 1949- NATO
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Modernist Fiction
• alienation and disconnection• fragmentation, juxtaposition• interior monologue, stream of consciousness
Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie (1900) An American Tragedy (1925)
Edith Wharton The House of Mirth (1905)
Gertrude Stein
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The Lost Generation
• They had “grown up to find al gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken.”
• The Jazz Age – “borrowed time”
19251929 1929
1937
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Modernist Poetry
• Robert Frost - The Road Not Taken• T.S. Eliott – The Waste Land (1923)• Ezra Pound – In a Station of the Metro (1915)• e.e. cummings -
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Modernist Drama
1941
1948 1962
1947
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Post-War(?) America
• The 50s - Consumerism and baby boom• The Koren War (1950-1951)• Protest against the Vietnam War (1960-1973) –
Make love, not war • Civil Rights Movement – Martin Luther King -1968• The Cold War – the space race – Ronald Reagan • The Gulf War -1991• 9/11 - Afghanistan• globalisation
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Postmodernism – the Age of Anxiety
• popular culture • loneliness, “search for self”• mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader
no heroesThe Beat Generation (60s,70s) - called for a ‘revolution in consciousness’
1948 1951 1964 1966
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1952
1957
1958
1959
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1960
1961
1969
1987
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Post-modernist Poetry
• Alan Ginsberg – Howl (1956)
• Robert Lowell – confessional poetry• Sylvia Plath
• Langston Hughes – Harlem Renaissance
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Nobel Prize winners
• 1930: Sinclair Lewis• 1936: Eugene O'Neill• 1938: Pearl S. Buck• 1948: T. S. Eliot• 1949: William Faulkner• 1954: Ernest Hemingway• 1962: John Steinbeck• 1976: Saul Bellow• 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer (wrote in Yiddish)• 1987: Joseph Brodsky (wrote in Russian and English)• 1993: Toni Morrison