COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE

IN INDIA

Colonial Architecture in India

Group members :- Nakul & Manish

OBJECTIVE This project on Colonial Architecture in India

will help us to :

Develop skills to gather data, investigate different view points and reach to a logical justification.

Appreciate the idea of architecture used by the Britishers.

Understand various features of British Architecture and respect the assimilation of different styles of buildings.

CONTENTS COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE MEANS

PROMINENT COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE STYLE OF DELHI

SIR EDWIN LUTYENS

SIR HERBERT BAKER VARIOUS MASTER PIECES IN DELHI DIFFERENT ARCHITECTURE STYLES

ARCHITECTURE IN BOMBAY

COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE MEANS

‘Colonial Architecture’ consists of two words – one being “Colonial” which refers to “colonial India” and other being “architecture” which means the way “something is designed”

Firstly, It is important for us to understand the context or meaning of colonial India. Colonial India is the part of the Indian sub continent.

Which was under the control of European colonial powers, through trade and conquest. The first European power to arrive in India was the army of Alexander the great in 327- 326 BC.

Later, in the early 19th British Empire built many masterpieces of architecture including the Viceroy lounge in Delhi.

PROMINENT COLONIAL ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF

DELHI The architectural style of the British period is very

Promient in Delhi and is Reprecuted by the central secretariat. Parliament house or the ‘SANSAD BHAWAN’ and the president house or Rashtrapati Bhawan formerly the British viceroy house the Sperdid Rajpath India gate and New Delhi combining the bet features of the modern English school of architecture with traditional Indian forms.

The British followed various architectural styles – Gothic Imperial, Christian English renaissance and Victorian being the Ereutials

In 1911 king George v passed an order declaring that the Capital would be moved from Calcutta to Delhi. The city was planned systematically combining 20th century architecture.

Sir Edwin Lutyens was responsible for the overall plan of Delhi.

Sir Edwin Landseer was a British architect who is known for imaginatively adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirement of his era. Delhi which would later on serve as the seat of the government of India. In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as “Lutyens” Delhi . In collaboration with Herbert Baker. He was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India gate he also designed the viceroy’s house.

Sir Edwin Lutyen

Sir Herbert Baker

Sir Herbert baker was a British architect baker was

the dominant force in South African Architecture for two decades 1892 – 1912 among the many churches schools and houses he designed in south Africa are the St John’s College Johannesburg, Wynberg boys school. Cape town

In 1912 baker went to India to work with Lutyens and went on to design the secretariat buildings New Delhi and parliament house in new Delhi and the bungalows of members of Parliament. Baker designed the two secretariat building ranking the great axis

VARIOUS MASTERPIECES OF COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN

DELHI PARLIAMENT HOUSE

INDIA GATE

RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN

CENTRAL SECRETARIAT

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

Parliament House

The central hall of the parliament has been designed to be circular in shaped the dome is 98 ft (29.87 Meters) in diameter and is Believed that is one of the most Magnificent domes in the world.

The central hall is a place of historical importance in India for two reason. The transfer of colonial power to the provisional government under Nehru in 1957 and the framing of the constitution by the constituent assembly took place in this very hall.

Originally , the central hall was used as the library of the erstwhile central legislative assembly and the council of states until 1946, when it was converted and refurnished into the constituent assembly hall.

India Gate The gate is build as a special memorandum for all the

soldiers who belongs to Indian army and to all those who who have gives their lives lighting for the protection of their country. It is considered that approximately 90,000 and more soldiers names have been Encrypted over the walls of India Gates which is a special thing in itself.

The Explicit India Gate architecture explains you that there is a huge Path which is also known by the name of Raj path at the end of which is constructed a 42 meters high India gate that was previously known by the name of all India was memorial. The designing of India gate was done by famous architect sir Edwin lutyen. Standing behind the gate is an empty canopy made out of sandstone, also designed by lutyen and inspired by a sixth – century pavilion from Mahabalipuram.

Rashtrapati Bhawan

The Rashtrapati Bhawan is a large and vast mansion with floors and have 340 rooms. It is built on a floor area of 200,00 square feet (19.000 m2). Vijay chowk in front of Rashtrapati Bhawan and ends at India gates on the western end of the road. The ancillary dome – like structure on top of the building is known as a chattri an Intergal part of Indian architectural design.

Central Secretariat The Secretariat building was designed by the prominent

British architect Herbert baker in Indo – Saraceuic revival architecture. Both the identical building have four levels, each with about 1,000 rooms in the inner courtyards to make space for future expansions. In continuation with the viceroy house, these building also used cream and red Dholpur sandstone from Rajasthan with the red Sanstone forming the base. To get heir the building the designed to from two squares. They have broad corridors between different wings and wide stairway to the four floors and each building is topped by a giant dome, while each wings and with colonnaded balcony.

Much of the building is in Colonical architectural style, yet it incorporation from Mughal and Rajasthani architecture style. Another feature of the building is a dome – like structure known as the Chatri a design unique to India.

Supreme Court of India The main block of the supreme court building

was built on a square Piot of 22 acres and the building was designed by chief of architect Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar who was the first Indian to head CPWD and designed the supreme court building in an Indo – British architecture style. He was succeeded by Shridher Krishna joglekar. The building is shaped to project the image of scales of justice with the central wing of the building correspond. The chief justice’s court is the largest of the courtroom located in the centre of the central wing. It has in the centre of the central wing.

History of Bombay

The city of Bombay originally consisted of seven island namely Colaba, Mazagoan, old women island Wadala, mahim, parel and matungasion. This group of island, which have since been Joined togeather by a series of reclamation. The company which was operating from Surat was in search for another deeper water port so than larger vessel could dock and found the island of Bombay suitable for development. The British corrupted the Portuguese name “Bom Baia” to “Bombay”. The kalis used to call the island “Mumbai” after Mumbadevi, The Hindu deity.Charles II of England received possession of the island in 1661 as a part of the dowry of Catherine of Brahanza, daughter of King John IV of Portugal and leased them to the English east India company in 1668.

Architectural style of Bombay

Gothic Architectural

Indo – Saracenic Style

Art Deco

Gothic Architectural

Bombay architecture came to be present through the British in the 18th and early 19th centuries. At first it was the neo – classical style of Architecture but then a new style came to exist one that reflect modern European fashion. The classical has an orderly monochromatic presence the gothic style is expressive, disjointed with surface of live color.

Bombay city hall was built during period 1820 – 35 the university Mumbai library, Rajabai tower, Xavier college, Chhatrapati Shivaji terminus are fine example of gothic architecture in the city.

Indo - Saracenic Style

The Indo – Saracenic style developed in the second half of the 19th century combining Islamic and Hindu architectural style with its Characterized domes, arches, stained, glasses, spires and minarets. The gateway of India and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya are the fine example of indo Saracenic architectural style in the city.

Art Deco Art deco is one of Mumbai least noticed

architectural style, through Mumbai and its Sabarbs possibly have the largest number of art deco building in the world. Art deco in India evolved into a unique style that came to be called deco – Saracenic. It was a combination of Islamic and Hindu architectural.

The Mahalakshmi temple, the Tahangir art gallery, the high court, the general post office, the flora fountain, regal cinema and Eros cinema.

Various Master Pieces of Colonial

Architecture In Bombay

Gateway of India The gateway of India is a monument built

during the British raj in Mumbai. It is located on the water front in the Apollo Bander area in south Mumbai and overlook the Arabian sea. The structure is a basalt arch, 26 meter (85 feet) high. It lies at the end of Chhatrapati Shivaji Marg at the water edge in Mumbai Harbour. The gate way of India also been Reffered to as the Taj Mahal of Mumbai and is the city top tourist attraction.

History The gate way of India was built to

commemorate the visit of king George Vand Dueen marry to Mumbai, prior the Delhi Darbar, in December 1911. they only got to see a cardboard model of the structure since the construction did not began till 1915. the foundation stone was laid on 31 march 1911 by the Governer of Bombay sir George Sydenham Clarre with the final design of George Wittet sanctioned on 31 march 1913.

Taj Mahal Palace Hotel

The Taj Mahal palace hotel is a five star hotel located in the Colaba region of Mumbai Maharashtra India next to the gate way of India

Parts of Taj Hotel, resort and palace this hotel is considered the flag ship property of the group and contain 560 rooms and 44 Saits there are some 1500 staff including 35 butlers. From a historical and architectural point of view, the two building that makes up the hotel the Taj Mahal palace and tower are two distinct building.

Significant It is a place where the viceroy and Governer

uset to land upon their arrival of India. Through built for British India and the British empire today serve as a “monumental memento” of Colonialisation and subjugation by the British over the people of India. Built right next to Taj Mahal palace & tower hotel. The gate way of India is a symbol of “power and majesty” of British empire

There are five jetties at the gate way the first jetty is exclusive to the atomic research centre. The second and third are used for commercial ferry fourth is closed and fifth to the royal Bombay Yatch club.

History The hotel originally Builded by commissioned

of Tata and first opened its door to guest on 16th December 1903

It is widely believed that Tamsedji TATA decided to build the hotel after he was refused entry to one of the Citys’s grand hotel of the time, Watson hotel, as it was restricted to “whites only. The original Indian architect were Sitaram khanderao vaidya and DN Mirza. Completed by an English engineer W.A chamber. The builder was khan Saheb Sorabji Rutton Ji.

Municipal Corporation Building

The Muncipal corporation Building was located in south Mumbai in Maharashtra, Mumbai, is a grade a heritage building opposite to the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus at the junction of Padabhai Naoroji road and Mahapalika marg. It is also known as the Bombay Muncipal corporation building or BMC.

Mumbai corporation of greater Mumbai and which has its own motto – Yato Dharmastato Jaya. It is said to be the largest civic Organisation

History The BMC was created in 1865 and

Arthur craw ford was it first Muncipal commissioner. The Muncipality was Intially housed in a modest building at the terminus of Girgam road. In 1870 it was shifted to a building on Esplande. Located between Watson hotel and the Sasson mechanism institute where the present army & navy building is situated

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) formly Victoria Terminus (VT) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an historic railway station in Mumbai, India which serves as the headquarter of the central railways. Designed by Fredericr William Stevens with influence from Victorian Italianate gothic revival. The station was built is 1887 in the Bori Bunder area of Bombay to commemorate the golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

Poem in Gujarati Language by Niranajan Bhagat translated to English Extrol the beauty

of flora fountain.

“ A glass and concrete JungleIn its midst alwaysQuiet comely With hope filled faceShe stand Flora A dream of spring in her Matchless eyes Holding in both hands Stone flower About her, in all corner Iron butterflies fly round And round

And lifeless insect play ”

History Bori bunder was one of the areas along

the eastern shores lines of Mumbai , India which was used as a storehouse for goods imported and exported from Mumbai in areas name. Bori means “sack” and Bandar means port or haven. Bori bandar literally means a place where sack are stored.

The station was eventually rebuilt as the Victoria terminus named after the then reigning queen.

Flora fountain Flora fountain at the Mahatma Chowk

is an ornamentally and exquisitely sculpted architectural heritage monument located at the southern end of the historic Dada Bhai Naroji road called the mile long road at the fort business district in the heart of south Mumbai. Flora fountain built in 1864, is a fusion of water, architecture and sculpture it total cast of Rs 47,000 or 9000 pound sterling.

Thank you…..