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Transcript of COLONIAL AMERICA - mrconnorslong.weebly.com · Landed at ‘Plymouth Rock’ in Cape Cod →...
COLONIAL AMERICAComparison of French, Spanish, Dutch with the British; Tracing the Development of British colonies; Conflicts with Colonial Authority
Essential Question #1: Comparing the Colonization
Process
⬜ Funded by crown⬜ Very direct control⬜ Strong Catholic missionary
impulse⬜ More complex
socio-political system (race based hierarchy where intermingling of races common)
⬜ Relatively few women over to colonize
⬜ Joint Stock Companies raised funds & were granted charters (later the crown takes over more directly)
⬜ Economic development more independent from Mother Country
⬜ More variance in background, motivation, etc. of colonists
⬜ Little intermixing with native population- very rigid racial hierarchy
⬜ Relatively more women over, as aim was to acquire land and populate colonies rather than simply turn a profit
SPANISH BRITISH
Both Britain and Spain in general◻ Motivated by Mercantilist goals (Gold, Glory,
God!)◻ Used slavery and exploited native populations◻ Had hostile relationships with native
populationsTHE FRENCH & DUTCH- a Hybrid
Approach*Maintained a much looser hold on their colonies (diff from above)*Few Europeans came over*Used trade alliances and intermarriage with American Indians to acquire furs, etc. for export.
Quick overview of French & Dutch Settlement
◻ FRENCHJacques Cartier Samuel de ChamplainBeginnings of successJoliet & Marquette LaSalle Huguenots
◻ DUTCH◻ Henry Hudson◻ New Amsterdam
■ Diverse population■ Weak leadership■ Fur trade■ Allied with Iroquois
British Colonization◻ New England,
Middle, Chesapeake, Southern
◻ Environmental & Geographical variation→ distinctive regions
◻ Check your maps from Essential Question #2 as
we go!
New England & the Puritans
◻ What do you remember
about Puritans from last
year?
◻ What are your
preconceived notions
about the pilgrims (what
is the societal conception
of what happened to them
when they came to
America)?
Why did they come
to America?
1st over: PILGRIMS Went to Holland
William Bradford Obtained Charter
from King to settle in VA
Landed at ‘Plymouth Rock’ in Cape Cod → Mayflower Compact
16201st Thanksgiving; overall
small, marginal settlement
2nd over: Charles I grants charter to Massachusetts Bay Co. in 1629
John Winthrop & “City Upon a Hill”
sermon;Land in Salem 1620
Colony thrives; Sparks the Great Migration in
1640; 20k ‘middling sorts’ come to Boston.
Why is it significant that
they are THEOCRATIC
?
Anne Hutchinson
BanishedNew Hampshire est. 1641; separate 1679
Roger Williams & Rhode Island 1636 (split over gov.
authority and natives)Connecticut est. 1639;
Thomas Hooker & Fundamental Orders of
CT; (split over membership)
New England Society & Economy
◻ Relatively homogenous◻ Families emigrated; few
slaves◻ Emphasized education &
Hard work (Protestant Work Ethic)
◻ Salem Witch Trials◻ Ultimately religious fervor
waned (Halfway Covenant)◻ Mixed economy of
agriculture & commerce◻ Small farms (climate)◻ FFLT
The Middle Colonies
Dutch New Amsterdam *purchased from Indians
*absorbed Swedish settlements*Company Town
English gain New York; *1664- Taken w/out a fight*Dutch Influence continued
*Slaves= 1/5th of NYC
New Jersey *Duke of York gives to 2 royal
proprietors 1664*Became Royal Colony in 1702
Pennsylvania*Estb 1681 by William
Penn“Holy Experiment”
Quaker Characteristics
-dissenting group in England
-Egalitarian, pacifist, tolerant
-’Friends’
Immigration-Many ethnic &
religious groups came; esp. Germans &
Scotch-Irish-Prosperous & Diverse
DelawareDutch→ Swedes→ English *separate from PA in 1704
Middle Colonies Society & Economy
◻ shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading.
◻ New York and Philadelphia grew as seaports and commercial centers
◻ “bread basket” of colonies
Chesapeake Colonies
◻ Virginia⬜ Raleigh &Roanoke⬜ Jamestown 1607⬜ “Starving Time”⬜ John Smith, Pohatan, John
Rolfe, TobaccoMaryland*Calvert (Lord Baltimore) & The King’s Gambling Debt*4 Catholic Haven + Profit*Toleration Act of 1649NOTE: Tobacco= Indentured servitude particularly common in Chesapeake colonies!
Southern ColoniesThe Carolinas
*Estb. 1663 for Charles II’s favorite nobles
*Split 1729 South Carolina*recruits wealthy, elite
planters from Barbados; slaves brought*Rice, Indigo
North Carolina
*recruits pop. from VA
*Tobacco & timber
GEORGIA*Estb. 1732- James Ogelthorpe*For debtors & “deserving poor”
*Buffer zone with Spain*Pop. of planters & slaves moved from
Carolinas
Chesapeake/Southern Society & Economy
◻ Less urban; headright system◻ Southern coastal regions
plantation economies; cash crops⬜ Tobacco, rice, indigo
◻ Inland (Appalachian foothills) small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.
◻ NOTE: A strong belief in private ownership of property and free enterprise characterized colonial life everywhere.
Mercantilist Policies
◻ Purpose of Colonies in Mercantilist System?⬜ Raw Materials & Markets
◻ Navigation Acts (1650s)⬜ Enumerated Goods
■ Shipping- tar, pitch, molasses■ Staple Crops- rice, tobacco, sugar, indigo
◻ Manufacturing Restrictions⬜ Wool Act (1699) & Iron Act
(1750)◻ Salutary Neglect⬜ Why?⬜ Walpole⬜ Smuggling
Demographics
◻ Population rose rapidly◻ Women & Family Life◻ Class in the New World
vs. Old World◻ Ethnic Diversity⬜ Northern- Mostly English, few slaves, families⬜ Middle- VERY DIVERSE- English, German,
Swedes, Dutch, Irish, Scotch-Irish, Jews, some slaves, families
⬜ Southern & Chesapeake- English & some German; Huguenots in Carolinas; more men, some families, many indentured servants & slaves
From Indentured Servitude to Slavery
◻ Indentured Servants- very common 17th century ⬜ Contracts of passage for labor→ 7
years service→”freedom dues”◻ Slavery- gradually replaced I.S. by 18th
century⬜ Source West Africa & West Indies⬜ Racial Prejudice & inability to use
Indians effectively⬜ Perpetual & Hereditary; Slave Codes⬜ “Peculiar Institution” sharpened distinction between N & S.⬜ Stono Rebellion – S.C. - 1739
Colonial Culture
◻ Religion & Community⬜ Northern vs
Southern◻ Education⬜ Harvard &
William & Mary◻ Newspapers⬜ Zenger
Essential Question #4
Analyze the extent to which religious freedom existed in Colonial America.⬜ After discussing your
‘rankings’ with your group, place the following groups on our “Class Continuum” on the front board! ■ 13 specific British
colonies (if appropriate, you may group some of them together)
■ French Colonies ■ Spanish Colonies
⬜ Be prepared to defend your placement of these groups when we examine our results!
Colonial Politics
◻ New England- town meetings; direct democracies◻ Middle colonies- assemblies reflected basic
democratic principles & rights of Englishmen. ◻ Southern colonies- wealthy planters played leading
roles in representative colonial legislatures.
◻ Development of Democracy: DISCUSSION OF ESSENTIAL QUESTION #3
Clashes with Colonial Authority
◻ Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
◻ Dominion of New England (1686)⬜ Governor Andros
◻ Glorious Revolution (1689)→ Leisler’s Rebellion (1689)
Relations with American Indians
◻ Crash Course Video #3: Natives & English◻ Pay Attention to…⬜ Interactions in VA versus with Puritans⬜ Pohatan, John Smith, Pocahontas, John Rolfe⬜ Pequot War & King Phillip’s War⬜ Why did relations deteriorate over time in each
case?⬜ What is the main idea of Video?