Colonial America 5

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COLONIAL ECONOMIES

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Transcript of Colonial America 5

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COLONIAL ECONOMIES

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ECONOMY GREW As more people arrived economy grew Some items could only be exported to

England Export: to send goods to another

country to sell or trade Imported cloth, metal tools, glass and

machines from England Import: to bring goods from another

country for sale or use

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COLONIAL ECONOMY

Agriculture: The business of farming

Agriculture major way of life for most colonists9 of 10 colonists made their living this way

Free Enterprise: An economic system in which a person may start any business they wish. They decide what to make, how much to produce, and what price to charge. Supply and Demand

Each region had its own Natural Resources

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SOUTHERN COLONIES

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SOUTHERN ECONOMY Hot humid climate good for growing cash

crops

Grew and exported tobacco, rice, and indigo

Indigo: used in dye – major cash crop

Large Plantations Developing: Depended on slavery to profit

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SLAVERY IN SOUTH Made up the largest part of the economy

in South

Slave Codes: rules that took rights away from A.A.’s helped whites ‘control’ themNot allowed to practice religion, learn to

read, marry, or own propertyEventually made it legal to treat enslaved

people as animals

1 of 4 whites owned slaves in SouthPlanters owned over half of slaves in South

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PLANTATIONS Much like a small village

Hundreds of people lived and worked

Page 239.

“Big House” – where the planter and family lived

House slaves – slaves that worked in the big house

Slave Row – small, run down cabins near fields where slaves lived

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PLANTERS

Planters were wealthy, enjoyed luxury

Most were men, some women

Life as a slave depended greatly on where you lived

Held high position in communityCould get the courts to agree that the

economy would fail with out slavery

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THE SLAVE’S LIFE

Overseer – boss of the plantationBoss and punisher of slaves – often cruelOften indentured servant, or slaveSometimes got share of profitsForced slaves to work day and night, no

food/water

Dirty, back braking work in fields, took care of animals, cooked, cleanedSkilled workers made furniture, shoes, glass

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A SLAVES LIFE CONT.

Owners would separate those who spoke the same languageCaptain William Smith, “By having some of

every sort on board, there will be no more likelihood of their succeeding in a plot.”

Work never really endedHad own chores to doFound time to talk, tell stories, sing songs

Secretly sent messages (to meet or escape) in songs

Secretly learned to read and later wrote about experiences

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SLAVE REBELLION

Some refused to work – were killed

Worked slowly or broke tools

Some escapedHunted downBeaten, whipped, or killed

Planters feared slave rebellionWilling to die for freedomOrganized raids, burned houses, and killed

peoplePlanters strengthened slave codes to stop

rebellions

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MIDDLECOLONIES

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MIDDLE COLONIES

“Bread basket” of the colonies for growing so much wheat and corn

Looked South to the English colonies in the West Indies for a place to sell surplus grain

West Indies: needed grain to feed slavesHad good growing land, but used it all for cash

crops like sugarcane Jamaica and Barbados: colonists had huge farms

with hundreds of enslaved African workers

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NEW ENGLAND COLONIES

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NEW ENGLAND ECONOMY Turned to thick forests and seas for living

Wood for ships, England was too expensive

Fishing and ship industry building best in world

Industry: all the businesses that make one kind of product or provide one kind of service

Triangular Trade: Port cities grew quickly

Did not rely on slavery

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TRIANGULAR TRADE Go to the Map on Page 231

DrawYour ownVersion ofThis mapIn your Notes.

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TRIANGULAR TRADE

Leg One: Boston, New YorkTraded rum, guns, tools

Leg Two: West AfricaTraded gold, ivory, African captives

Middle Passage: the middle part of the journey Thousands of Africans died on this journey

Leg Three: West IndiesTraded molasses (syrup made from sugar cane)Molasses then made into rum in N.A.

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GO TO MAP ON PAGE 232

What were the major exports of the…

New England Colonies:Wood Products, fish, ships

Middle Colonies:Grain

Southern Colonies:Rice, Indigo, Tobacco

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SUMMARY QUESTIONS

1. How did using the ocean help New England to grow and become successful?

2. Why do you think colonists wanted control of their own economy?

3. What do you believe will be the effect of colonists wanting to run their own economy?

4. What role did A.A.’s play in the South’s economy?