Colloquium on Advanced

8/17/2019 Colloquium on Advanced

1/25

A Colloquium Report

On

Advanced Databases For Web

Development

Submitted in partial fulllment of award of

MASTR OF COM!"TR A!!#$CAT$O%

De&ree from

Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University

'(

An)it Mis*ra

MCA +rd ,ear

-./01../10+2

To MCA Department

3SS ACADM, OF TC4%$CA# D"CAT$O%

%O$DA

Guided By:

Mr. Hanumantha Rao

(Assistant Professor)


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CO##O5"$"M O% AD6A%CD DATA'ASS

FOR W' D6#O!M%T

.7$%TROD"CT$O%

The initial attempts in the World Wide Webs !ere lar"ely founded on stati#HTM$ data stored in hierar#hi#al %le systems. The data !as simple to

present &ia the Mar'up $an"ua"e and e&en easier to mana"e in the shallo!

stru#tures of the %le system. Ho!e&er su#h trends ha&e #han"ed no! the

re#ent trend has been to a "reater le&el of #ompleity in the stru#ture of the

Web*s data. This #ompleity has been fa#ilitated by the relational database.

Appli#ations su#h as te tra#'in" of +hits+ to a !ebsite to the implementation

of full s#ale "lobal appli#ations the database is rapidly be#omin" a

re,uirement for any site that !ishes to be ta'en seriously on the Web.

Ad&an#ement of Web te#hnolo"ies o&er the last de#ade has mo&ed the

database te#hnolo"y from #lose doors to outdoors. Presently most of the

!ebsites re,uire some basi# le&el support at the ba#'end throu"h the

databases. The appli#ations li'e e-#ommer#e information portals shoppin"

malls help lines et#. all re,uire database te#hnolo"y at the ser&er end in

distributed or non-distributed fashion. This pro#ess is also 'no!n as

publishin" database #ontent throu"h a Web ser&er

The mer"in" of the t!o te#hnolo"ies (the Web and the relational database)

has been slo! and the te#hni#al approa#hes as &aried as the number of

#ompanies pro&idin" solutions. Behind all the ad&ertisin" and hype

ho!e&er lies the essential #hallen"e: "ettin" data from the database to the

bro!ser and from &i#e &ersa.

W*at is a Web Database8

A !eb database is a data store or information repository that #an be

a##essed &ia a ,uery lan"ua"e or on appli#ation pro"ram. nli'e

#on&entional database systems a !eb database a##ess is not typi#ally

performed usin" ,ueries typed at a #ommand line or throu"h #ustom

desi"ned pro"rammin" interfa#es. Web databases are a##essed &ia other

Web appli#ations/ espe#ially forms that are de&eloped usin" standardi0ed

HTM$ ta"s. HTM$ form interfa#es enable is to #reate appli#ations that

inte"rate database fun#tionality and pro&ide a##ess to or"ani0ational data


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repositories on behalf of Web #lients. An appli#ation #an be desi"ned solely

for the purpose of ,ueryin" a database and returnin" spe#i%# information.

1or eample the most popular of the uni&ersity #an be obtained e&en the

performan#e of student in that #ourse #an also be obtained throu"h the

!eb. But !hy does one !ould li'e to #reate !eb databases after all it may

open up information for "eneral use and data se#urity issue2

A database !hi#h #an be inte"rated into appli#ations that #an be a##essed

by usin" !eb bro!sers ma'es a database a !eb database. A !eb database

is desi"ned for:

3 Better mana"ement of lar"e do#ument-based information

repositories to internal and4or eternal users of the information.

3 Better use of le"a#y database systems the information they

#ontain and eistin" appli#ations.

3 nlo#'in" the potential of unused information held !ithin

or"ani0ational databases. 5nformation from databases !ithin

&arious parts of an or"ani0ation su#h as information relatin" to

%nan#e human resour#es pro6e#t mana"ement et# #an be

#onsolidated usin" Web-based appli#ations and ser&ed to users asthou"h it is a&ailable from a sin"le sour#e.

3 7tendin" the fun#tionality of the Web ser&er so that the

information is made a&ailable to internal and eternal users

Database in Web 'usiness Application

Web-based business appli#ations pro&ide the #apability of pro&idin" &alue-

added ser&i#es throu"h the !eb for potential #ustomers of e-#ompany.8atabase ser&es an important role in many appli#ations bein" de&eloped for

#ustomer use and to impro&e the ser&i#es pro&ided to them. 9ome of the

ser&i#es !hi#h may be pro&ided for a business are:

3 Maintenan#e of #ustomer supplier and business partner pro%les

needs and preferen#es so that personalised ser&i#es may be


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pro&ided. 1or eample #ustomer a##ount information for eample

past pur#hase history balan#e due et#. #an be 'ept on the !eb in a

se#ured en&ironment and #an be a##essed by the authori0ed users

3 Produ#t information and details that enable #ustomers to easily

sear#h for and obtain produ#t spe#i%#ations pri#in" su""ested uses

and troubleshootin" information. ustomer support and salespersonnel for #ustomer assistan#e #an also use this information.

3 5nter-business a"reements transa#tion rules a##ountin"

information pur#hasin" and billin" s#hedules that allo! automated

orderin" pur#hasin" in&oi#in" and payment transa#tions to o##ur

bet!een businesses.

3 9ite a##ess statisti#s #ustomer demo"raphi#s sales trends et#.

3 ;nline shoppin" #atalo" #ontrol system.

3 Web based Personal 5nformation 9ystems ;ne of the ma6or

problems !hi#h lies ahead for the Web based Personal 8atabases is

the problem of se#urity and pri&a#y of 5nformation bein" sent. 5f you

are sendin" information to a Web 8atabase then please ma'e sure

that it is a se#ured 8atabase else if you are a 8esi"ner of the Web

8atabase then ma'e sure that you ha&e made a se#ure Web

8atabase. Please be!are there are a hu"e lists of publi#

dis#losures on the internet. 1or eample the persons not ha&in"

su#h permissions throu"h the net may obtain details relatin" to a

"roup of fa#ulty. The fast #han"in" nature of the !eb and the ease

by !hi#h information #an be a##identally left on an open !eb ser&er

is a tremendous ris' to a business or"anisation and its reputation.

Many ser&i#es !hi#h are aimed at o


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97T*e volution of Database

1rom pre-sta"e =at-%le system to relational and ob6e#t-relational systems

database te#hnolo"y has "one throu"h se&eral "enerations and its historythat is spread o&er more than >? years no!.

T*e volution :

1968 File-Based: prede#essor of database; 8ata !as maintained in a =at%le.

Flat Files:

7arlier pun#hed #ards te#hnolo"y !as used to store data @ later %les. Butthe %les ha&e no as su#h ad&anta"e rather ha&e se&eral limitations.

Advantages Limitations

arious a##ess methods e.".se,uential indeed random

Re,uires etensi&epro"rammin" in third-"eneration lan"ua"e su#h as


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;B;$ BA95.

9eparation and isolation: 7a#hpro"ram maintains its o!n setof data users of one pro"rammay not be a!are of holdin"or blo#'in" by other pro"rams

that are bein" usedsome!here else by anotheruser.

8upli#ation of data @ samedata is held by di


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7#ient sear#hin". omple implementation

$ess redundant data. 8i#ult to mana"e and la#' ofstandards #ant easily handlemany-many relationships.

8ata independen#e. $a#'s stru#tural independen#e.

8atabase se#urity andinte"rity.

%etwor) Data Model:

7arly CD?s harles Ba#hmann de&eloped %rst 8BM9 atHoney!ell $nte&rated Data Store ($DS)

5t standardi0ed in CE by the CODAS,# "roup (Conference on DataS(stems #an&ua&es).

5n et!or' data model %les are related as o!ners and members similar tothe #ommon net!or' model e#ept that ea#h member %le #an ha&e morethan one o!ner.

et!or' data model identi%ed the follo!in" three database #omponents:

. et!or' s#hemaIdatabase or"ani0ationJstru#tureKL. 9ub-s#hemaI&ie! s of database per user. 8ata mana"ement lan"ua"e I at lo! le&el pro#edural


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Ability to handle morerelationship types

9ystem #ompleity anddi#ult to desi"n andmaintain

7ase of data a##ess $a#' of stru#turalindependen#e as dataa##ess method isna&i"ational.

8ata 5nte"rity8ata 5ndependen#e

Prominent net!or' database model !as CODAS,# D'T


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L. 9#hema @ spe#i%es the stru#ture (name of relation name and type ofea#h #olumn)

The model is based on bran#hes of mathemati#s #alled set theory andpredi#ate lo"i#.

Relational D'MS at a &lance:


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are easy to handle usin"inheritan#e and polymorphismet#.

spe#i%# pro"rammin" lan"ua"eand an AP5/ this redu#es its=eibility.

Redu#es the lar"e number ofrelations by #reatin" ob6e#ts.

Ad-ho# ,ueries are di#ult toimplement as one #annot 6oint!o #lasses as one #an 6oin t!o

tables in R8BM9. Therefore,ueries depend upon the desi"nof the system.

reates problems !hen deletin"data in bul'.

Ob=ect Relational Database Model:

;b6e#t relational databases span the ob6e#t and relational #on#epts.

Let,s tae a .eeting loo at the histor"

.1>0: Ted odd at 5BMs 9an Nose $ab proposed relational models.

T!o ma6or pro6e#ts start and both !ere operational in late CE?s

5GR79 at ni&ersity of alifornia Ber'eley be#ame #ommer#ial andfollo!ed up P;9TGR79 !hi#h !as in#orporated into 5nformi.

9ystem R at 5BM san Nose $ab later e&ol&ed into 8BL !hi#h be#ame one ofthe %rst 8BM9 produ#t based on the relational model. (;ra#le produ#ed asimilar produ#t 6ust prior to 8BL.)

.1>?: Peter hen de%ned the 7ntity-relationship(7R) model

.1@0s: Maturation of the relational database te#hnolo"y more relationalbased 8BM9 !ere de&eloped and 9O$ standard adopted by 59; and A95.

.1@: ;b6e#t-oriented 8BM9 (;;8BM9) de&elops.


$ar"e stora"e #apa#ity The ar#hite#ture of the ob6e#trelational model is notappropriate for !eb appli#ations.

Hi"h a##ess speed


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.110s: 5n#orporation of ob6e#t-orientation in relational 8BM9s ne!appli#ation areas su#h as data !arehousin" and ;$AP !eb and 5nternet5nterest in tet and multimedia enterprise resour#e plannin" (7RP) andmana"ement resour#e plannin" (MRP)

.11.: Mi#rosoft ships a##ess a personal 8BM9 #reated as element ofWindo!s "radually supplanted all other personal 8BM9 produ#ts.

.11: 1irst 5nternet database appli#ations

.11>: M$ applied to database pro#essin" !hi#h sol&es lon"-standin"database problems. Ma6or &endors be"in to inte"rate M$ into 8BM9produ#ts.


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+7Tec*nolo&( $nvolved

Web Database Tec*nolo&ies

7&ery ma6or database &endor in#ludin" se&eral ob6e#t-oriented database

&endors are !or'in" on inte"ratin" database mana"ement and the Web. 5n

fa#t most database de&elopers are tryin" to establish a mappin" of anultimate relationship bet!een the Web and #orporate data. 9u#h a situation

!ill allo! you to ta'e an HTM$ %le in#orporate a Na&a9#ript AP5 in the se&er

ta" and embed 9O$ statements in the HTM$ %le. That !ay you !ill be able

to etra#t data from a database or return it from a form say to the

database.

The industry*s "oal is to use the Web as a front-end for hea&y-duty

transa#tion pro#essin". ;f #ourse a transa#tion pro#essin" system needs to

be fast se#ure and reliable. one of those are !ords that sprin" to mind!hen dis#ussin" the Web today. Reali0in" the full potential of Web-based

transa#tion pro#essin" !ill re,uire some ma6or impro&ements in the Web

and in the !ay 8BM9s !or' !ith it. While it is possible to #ondu#t true

transa#tion pro#essin" o&er the Web today the lon"-ran"e "oal of se&eral

database &endors is to fully in#orporate enterprise-#lass #lient4ser&er

appli#ations and mission-#riti#al transa#tion #apability in to the Web

bro!ser.

;ne typi#al appli#ation of this te#hnolo"y may allo! the potential #ustomers

to do!nload produ#ts. ustomers may %ll in a form !ith information about

them and "et a##ess to do!nloadable soft!are !ith no human inter&ention.

This information may dire#tly be put in a database that may be a data

!arehouse. The sales department #an use this data !arehouse to "et the

desired sales reports "enerated. Thus #reatin" a seamless !ay of handlin"

data.

9u#h appli#ations !ill #han"e the total desi"n outloo' of the WebPa"es asthis !ill allo! dynami#ally #han"in" database-oriented sites.

The ultimate &ision for the Web and database is information any!here that

is a system that #an %nd information any!here in the enterprise in any

database in any format put it into any desired form and return it to any user

a#ross the Web.


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What 8o Qou eed from4for a Web 8atabase2

9ome of the important issues to #onsider before any deployment of Web

database #an be made are:

ase of deplo(ment: The World Wide Web is a #heap and pra#ti#alalternati&e to traditional #lient4ser&er-based deployment. 5n addition it

also pro&ides immediate #ross-platform support on the #lient side.

Ho!e&er !hether proper tools are a&ailable for the lar"e-s#ale database

pro6e#t !hi#h you are plannin" to deploy.

ase of updates: 9endin" #han"es to HTM$ from a database is easierthan ma'in" many manual #han"es. Automatin" repetiti&e HTM$ tas's by

utili0in" database te#hnolo"y helps in sa&in" time and ma'e site

mana"ement easier. 1or eample online results system throu"h !eb !ill

'eep student posted about the latest result position.

Server load: The re,uirements of a ser&er to handle the in#reased loadof database a##ess should be #onsidered. Qou may also #onsider

re,uirements of memory P speed 5nternet #onne#tion speed dis'

subsystems and other #riti#al hard!are fa#tors. 5n #ase hea&y database

tra# is epe#ted you may #onsider runnin" the database appli#ation on

a separate ma#hine. Qou may use eistin" database mana"ement tools

and performan#e mana"ement tools to help balan#e your ser&er load.

Database scalabilit( and reliabilit(: 8etermine ho! mu#h thedatabase is li'ely to "ro!. Ho! !ill users use it2 ;n a&era"e ho! often !ill

it be hit2 What is your Web site*s o&erall "ro!th estimate -- in both #ontent

and readership2


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Data securit(: This is one of the most important point to #onsider. Qoumay #onsider deployin" %re!alls or use other types of se#urity

me#hanism.

Gettin" the 8ata out of the 8atabase and into HTM$

5n the Web !orld there are database administrators and there are HTM$pro"rammers. Most tools &endors understand that the t!o do not ea#tly

spea' ea#h other*s lan"ua"e. 9o you #an %nd HTM$ and s#riptin" tools that

ma'e database a##ess easy for Web pro"rammers and database tools that

ma'e HTM$ easier for database administrators.

Tools for t*e Web database

There are many tools that ma'e easy HTM$ oriented de&elopments by

database system de&elopers. 9ome of these are:

S5# Server ?7

9O$ 9er&er D. is ha&in" se&eral tools to help the !eb database

de&elopments. 1or eample !ith the 9O$ 9er&er Web Assistant an

indi&idual familiar !ith 9O$ may simply !rite a ,uery s#hedule !hen that

,uery should be run and enter some basi# formattin" information for the

HTM$ pa"e to be "enerated. Web Assistant automati#ally #reates the Web

pa"e by insertin" the ,uery results into an HTM$ table. Web Assistant also

#on%"ures 9O$ 9er&er to perform updates either by s#hedulin" a tas' or

#reatin" a tri""er. This ma'es it &ery useful for retrie&in" data that #han"eson a s#heduled basis su#h as daily sales %"ures.

ADC

Mi#rosoft A#ti&e 8atabase onne#tor (A8) uses #lient-side A#ti&e #ontrols

to hoo' up to and manipulate ;8B data sour#es. 5t also helps 'eep tra#

o< the ser&er by utili0in" #lient-side #a#hin". A8 ma'es it easy for isual


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Basi# de&elopers to ta'e traditional isual Basi# appli#ations and mo&e

them to HTM$

;ther types of tool are the database a##ess tools for the Web

de&elopers. 9ome of these tools are:

4TM# mbeddedBS5# tensionsMany database systems pro&ide a me#hanism for embeddin" 9O$

statements dire#tly in HTM$ %les passed to the Web #lient by the Web

ser&er. When a user submits a ,uery the HTM$ %le is passed to a G5

pro"ram !hi#h parses the 9O$ statements and passes these on to the

database system. Results of the 9O$ ,uery are subse,uently retrie&ed by

the G5 pro"ram reformatted to HTM$ and returned to the re,uestin"

#lient. This me#hanism is typi#al of many share!are databases and

"ate!ays

CodeBless $nterfaces

7ssentially #ode -less types of a##ess methods #onsist of soft!are

toolsets (often Perl s#ripts) that !or' !ith de&eloper-de%ned template

%les. These template %les spe#ify &arious &ie!s into the database and

ho! etra#ted data should be manipulated and formatted !hen returned

to the re,uestin" #lient. Pro"rams !ithin the soft!are toolset use these

template %les to automati#ally "enerate HTM$ forms. These forms !hensubmitted by the user are then pro#essed by G5 pro"rams !hi#h ,uery

the database and format the results in a##ordan#e !ith the prede%ned

templates.

Custom C


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the Web ser&er. Typi#ally these re,uests are submitted by users in the form

of inputs they ha&e entered in an HTM$ form. G5 pro"rams desi"ned for

database a##ess parse these user inputs formulate ,ueries based on the

inputs #onne#t to the database and submit the ,uery and a##umulate

results. They #an also manipulate these results or perform some other

spe#iali0ed pro#essin" and dynami#ally #reate HTM$ do#uments !hi#h are

subse,uently sent ba#' to the Web #lient.

A9P and A8;

A#ti&e 9er&er Pa"es (A9P) is a ser&er-side s#riptin" lan"ua"e that is an

important part of 5nternet 5nformation 9er&er. 5t is =eible and po!erful and

in#ludes sophisti#ated database a##ess features.

A#ti&e 8ata ;b6e#ts (A8;) is the 'ey to data a##ess usin" A9P. 5t allo!s

dynami# a##ess to database information. A8; enables Web de&elopers to

lin' a database to an +a#ti&e+ Web pa"e to a##ess and manipulate data.

6isual $nterDev

isual 5nterde& pro&ides a &isual interfa#e to help you add database

features to a Web site and it has "reat tools to help you mana"e data

a##ess. 5t also !ill "enerate HTM$ and A9P ser&er-side s#riptin". The tool

itself is ti"htly inte"rated !ith A9P A8; ;8B B9#ript Ns#ript 5nternet

7plorer A#ti&e and Na&a.

/oldFusion

old1usion use Web ser&er AP5s (Appli#ation Pro"rammin" 5nterfa#es) to

interpret in#omin" re,uests for dynami# pa"es and ,uery the database.

$ssues of c*oosin& tec*nolo&( for Web database s(stems

Before #hoosin" a database te#hnolo"y you !ill need a "eneral idea

of appli#ation. 9ome of the ,uestions !hi#h may be as'ed are:

• Will it be a small list of #ompany employees a##essed by a fe! do0en

users2

• Will it store #ontent and #ustomer information for an enterprise-le&el e-

#ommer#e site2


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• Ho! many simultaneous #onne#tions to the database do you

anti#ipate2

• What are your se#urity re,uirements2

!resent database mana&ement s(stems come wit* a

variet( of functionalit(7

Some of t*ese features are:

Automatic 5ueries: 9tored pro#edures are pre#ompiled 9O$statements that run a"ainst the database. Be#ause stored pro#edures are

pre#ompiled and be#ause they reside on the database ser&er itself they

ee#ute mu#h more ,ui#'ly than standard 9O$ ,ueries from a Web ser&er. 5f

you are plannin" to ee#ute a ,uery a "reat number of times this speed

di


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#an store terabytes of data so %ndin" a database that #an handle your

stora"e needs should not be di#ult.

/7ARC4$TCT"R

Web Application Servers


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A ne! model for Web de&elopment has e&ol&ed to address the

de&elopment and deployment relatin" to in#reasin"ly #omple sites. An

appli#ation ser&er is a #lear le&el of separation bet!een the Web ser&er and

data a##ess layers. The appli#ation ser&er model #onsists of at least three

ba#'-end layers: the Web ser&er layer the appli#ation ser&er layer and the

data layer. 5n this model most or all appli#ation lo"i# eists in the middle

tier !ith appli#ation ser&ers handlin" all data manipulation and HTM$ pa"e-#reation fun#tions.

The appli#ation ser&er approa#h o


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Application Arc*itecture; Database Arc*itecture

5n the mainframe era database appli#ations !ere often under the

#entrali0ed #ontrol of multiple users of the mainframes. ;peratin"-system

impro&ements and modular pro"rammin" pa&ed the !ay of implementation

of #on#epts su#h as dynami# lin'in" and shared libraries. This trend of

distributin" the lo"i# of database appli#ations is still #ontinuin". 5n the

lient4ser&er databases the #lient implements the presentation lo"i# but

they mo&e rules and other business lo"i# into the database for ee#ution at

the ser&er. Multi-tier ar#hite#ture is an attempt to separate !ith additional

tiers bet!een the #lient and database ser&er. The middle tiers in#lude

appli#ation ser&ers Web ser&ers and transa#tion ser&ers as sho!n in the

follo!in" %"ure. This form of distributed #omputin" permits de&elopers to

distribute lo"i# a#ross multiple ser&ers to pre&ent bottlene#'s and pro&ide

s#alability.


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Fi&ure: + Tier Arc*itecture

8istributed #omputin" and multi-tier ar#hite#tures are li'ely to be#ome one

of the ma6or models for intranet etranet. ;ne of the bene%ts or perhaps

one of the dra!ba#'s of this ne! model is that appli#ation lo"i# is

distributed a#ross multiple #omputers s#ripts and the database. Web

de&elopers unfamiliar !ith database te#hnolo"y may be una!are that 9O$

ser&ers pro&ide the ability to store lo"i# in the database and ee#ute it at

the ser&er. 5f you #reate Web pa"es that re,uire persistent data rules and

other lo"i# that #annot be implemented !ith HTM$ and s#ripts you should

#onsider usin" a database. An 9O$ database #an store lo"i# and enfor#e

some of the rules about data.

#o&ic in t*e Database

The reason for buildin" rules and lo"i# in the database is uniformity a#ross

appli#ations. 1or eample suppose a #ompany ha&e an order-entry system

throu"h a Web site ha&in" a shoppin"-#art appli#ation. The #ompany*s

business pra#ti#es and rules for order pro#essin" should be #onsistent for all

#lasses of orders !hether they #ome from a re"ular mode or the Web site.

;ne rule mi"ht be to not etend #redit limits to #ustomers !hose a##ounts


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of past are for more than months. 5f the ori"inal order-pro#essin" system

en#apsulated that lo"i# in a #lient-side isual Basi# pro"ram it may not be

a##essible to the HTM$ pa"es that implement the shoppin" #art. ;n the

other hand if the lo"i# resides in a database used by both the shoppin"-#art

pa"es and the order-entry system the rule !ould be #onsistently applied.

7Case Stud(:

DatabaseBDriven Web Sites Applications

The B 1orest 9afety oun#il is an or"ani0ation reliant on literally #uttin"

and pastin" to"ether #ustom reports on the safety re#ords and a#ti&ities of

B*s forest #ompanies and !or'ers. And !ith C??#ompany re#ords and

almost C??? !or'er re#ords that*s a lot of #uttin" and pastin"


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;ur 6ob !as to #reate a =eible robust set of database-dri&en

appli#ations that #ould help streamline and automate their re#ord 'eepin"

and mana"ement. 5n addition !e re#ommended they tie those appli#ations

in to a ne! 8rupal M9 Web site that !e !ere buildin" at the same time.

• A M9-based Web site ma'in" it easier for them to publish the stream

of forest safety alerts and statisti#s #omin" into them e&ery day I!hile redu#in" their relian#e on a sin"le Webmaster and allo!in" ea#h

business unit to 'eep its o!n information up to date

• Re"istration tool for #ompanies to be#ome part of the mandatory 9A17

ompanies pro"ram. ;ur appli#ation allo!s the oun#il to #apture and

mana"e detailed information about ea#h #ompany and pro&ides a

seamless e-#ommer#e interfa#e that !or's !ith their Moneris a##ount.

• A similar re"istration and a##ount pro#ess for indi&idual !or'ers !ho

si"n up for mandatory and &oluntary safety trainin" #ourses.• These tools are s#alable and etensible: auto-data insertion

te#hnolo"y smart renderin" and built-in pa"in" support allo! the

appli#ation to !or' e


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?7Conclusion Future Trends:

;ne of the ma6or di#ulties asso#iated !ith 5T systems in the health #are

ser&i#e se#tor o&er the years has been the ad ho# approa#h in !hi#h

systems !ere de&eloped and implemented. By allo!in" di


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data redundan#y and in#onsisten#y pro"ramdata dependen#y in=eibility

poor se#urity and la#' of data-sharin" and a&ailability. This resulted in

in#onsistent and ina##urate statisti#al reports as !ell as in=eible systems

that are unable to respond to the #ompleities of the en&ironment in !hi#h

!e no! operate.

The adoption of an ob6e#t-based database has allo!ed for an inte"rated#lient #entred system. This enables rele&ant dis#iplines a#ross the ser&i#es

to a##ess and share rele&ant data of #lients on an inte"rated and se#ure

basis.

This is in 'eepin" !ith the ob6e#ti&es of the ational Health 9trate"y !hi#h

states that our health ser&i#es should be #lient #entred. 5t also states that

#lient health information should be shared a#ross all health ser&i#e

departments as a means to #reatin" a holisti# ser&i#e to #ustomers.

;ne of the bene%ts of storin" your data in a database is the ability to

up"rade. 9in#e &irtually all databases use 9O$ it is not di#ult to !rite a

,uery to etra#t all the data from one database and insert it into another.

Many databases e&en ha&e built-in import and eport features. 5f your

database "ets past a limit of #urrent system you may al!ays mo&e up to a

more robust solution.

Colloquium on Advanced

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