Colloquial Hebrew: The Complete Course for Beginners

vijain
File Attachment
20008918coverv05bjpg

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Colloquial

Hebrew

The Colloquial SeriesSeries Adviser Gary King

The following languages are available in the Colloquial series Afrikaans

Albanian Amharic

Arabic (Levantine) Arabic of Egypt

Arabic of the Gulf and Saudi Arabia

Basque Breton

Bulgarian Cambodian Cantonese Chinese Croatian and Serbian

CzechDanish

Dutch Estonian Finnish

FrenchGermanGreekGujarati

Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic

IndonesianItalian

Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian

Malay Mongolian Norwegian

Panjabi Persian

Polish Portuguese Portuguese of Brazil Romanian Russian Scottish Gaelic Slovak Slovene

Somali Spanish Spanish of Latin America Swahili

Swedish Tamil Thai

TurkishUkrainianUrdu

Vietnamese Welsh

Accompanying cassette(s) (and CDs) are available for the abovetitles They can be ordered through your bookseller or sendpayment with order to Taylor amp FrancisRoutledge Ltd ITPSCheriton House North Way Andover Hants SP10 5BE UK orto Routledge Inc 29 West 35th Street New York NY 10001 USA

COLLOQUIAL CD-ROMsMultimedia Language CoursesAvailable in Chinese French Portuguese and Spanish

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Colloquial

HebrewThe Complete Course for Beginners

Zippi Lyttleton and Tamar Wang

London and New York

First published in 2004 by Routledge11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canadaby Routledge29 West 35th Street New York NY 10001

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor amp Francis Group

copy 2004 Zippi Lyttleton and Tamar Wang

All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted orreproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronicmechanical or other means now known or hereafter inventedincluding photocopying and recording or in any informationstorage or retrieval system without permission in writing fromthe publishers

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataA catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 0-415-24048-4 (book)ISBN 0-415-24049-2 (tapes)ISBN 0-415-30260-9 (CD)ISBN 0-415-24050-6 (pack)

This edition published in the Taylor amp Francis e-Library 2005

ldquoTo purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor amp Francis or Routledgersquoscollection of thousands of eBooks please go to wwweBookstoretandfcoukrdquo

ISBN 0-203-41352-0 Master e-book ISBN

Contents

Acknowledgements vii

Introduction 1

1 8Reading and writing Hebrew

2 24Peter arrives in Israel

3 39Can we meet

4 55Itrsquos a very popular restaurant

5 72Family and plans

6 92Shopping at the mall

7 113Making arrangements

8 132On the road and on time

9 157Home Sweet Home

10 177Sport and culture

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IumlmacrlaquoDagger AcircIumlIcirclaquomiddot UacutemiddotmacrEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr middotEgravelozDaggerIuml

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide

EcircDagger˙ OacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo UgravelaquoUgraveraquoIumlmacrEgrave

OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil AcircIcircEgravelaquo

˜EgraveEgravelaquo middot˜EgravelaquoOcirc

OgraveEgravebdquoraquoEgraveIgrave

middotbdquomacrIacute raquomiddotEcircOacuteOcirc

DaggerEgraveOcirc IcircOacutelaquo middotmiddotEgrave

OgravenotlaquoEuml Acircmacrmiddotraquo

v

11 199Driving down to the Dead Sea

12 218At the doctorrsquos

13 238Jerusalem the holy city

14 258Media and communications

Key to exercises 272Appendix l Transliterations for Units 10ndash14 326Appendix ll Quick Grammar Reference 337Appendix lll Prepositions Chart 348Verb Glossary 350HebrewndashEnglish Glossary 371Index 390

vi

middotbdquomacrIacute IumlEgraveIgrave permilOacuteIumlAacute

middotOacutemacrUgraveDaggerpermil

EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave UacuteEgrave permil˜laquobdquodivide

UacuteEgravelaquoraquo Acirc˜˘laquo˙

Acknowledgements

Sincere thanks and appreciation are due to Sarena Alfandary forher successful lsquomatchmakingrsquo ndash working together on this projectwas great fun to Adam Albion who generously gave of his timeto pilot our first few units ndash his encouraging comments and usefulsuggestions were beacons of light in the early days to Sally Levyand Aviva Karlinski who despite the difficult times providedmuch needed back-up and encouragement from home ground inIsrael with punchy names jokes realia and all kinds of informa-tion to Sally for her introduction to the Ulpan Akhvah in RishonLe Zion whose wonderful staff opened their doors and offeredimportant insights to Zehavah Meyusef for her expertise inHebrew grammar and invaluable advice on colloquial and acceptedusage to Harvey Miller and Ofra and Jeff Graham for commentingon the completed draft to Haya Vardy illustrator for her draw-ings that so effectively animate the text to Gary King SeriesEditor Sophie Oliver Language Editor and Ruth JeavonsProduction Editor at Routledge without whom this book wouldnever have been started and very importantly finished to allpupils colleagues and friends whose helpful comments throughoutthe writing were always greatly appreciated and last but of coursenot least to our long-suffering families and friends who put upwith us working into the small hours

This book has seen us through sad times and happy some ofthe most painful times in the history of the Middle East alongsidefamily celebrations and many vicissitudes of life and computersWe hope this book will make a contribution towards broadeningcommunication and understanding and we thank the very manypeople who have encouraged us along the way and helped bringit to fruition

Tamar Wang and Zippi Lyttleton

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Introduction

About this book

Colloquial Hebrew aims to teach Hebrew as it is spoken in Israeltoday to give you a level of competence to be able to travel aroundand to converse generally on a range of topics Being able to readmenus road signs posters brochures as well as to catch snippetsof conversations are part and parcel of this competence It willhelp you to understand be understood and to feel more a part ofwhat is going on around you

Each lesson or unit contains dialogues of everyday encountersand situations which introduce vocabulary and language points youcan practise in the exercises that follow We hope our dialogueswill be entertaining as well as realistic and that you will find a goodvariety of exercises to allow you ample opportunity to gain confi-dence in your fast-growing skills

We strongly recommend that you do all the exercises as theyprogress in difficulty allowing you to learn step by step and wehope you will enjoy the journey to proficiency At the end of thebook is a key so that you can check your answers Some answersto exercises will also give a transliteration andor a translation sodonrsquot give up if an exercise looks too difficult to decipher at firstsight You will also find glossaries of vocabulary taught togetherwith a grammar section which draw together major points inschematic form for easy reference

Hebrew is a logical elegant and highly accessible language Itis a shame that the biggest stumbling block for many studentscomes right at the beginning at first sight Hebrewrsquos unfamiliaralphabet may seem an insurmountable obstacle Yet the Hebrewalphabet is not as alien as it might appear since it lies at the baseof English and other Indo-European languages The names of theletters in the English alphabet are remnants of old Hebrew wordsrepresenting the ancient letters Hebrew is closely related toancient Phoenician the ancient Greeks who traded with thePhoenicians were the first to adopt their alphabet around 800 BCEand added signs for vowels missing in the Semitic alphabetInitially Greek too was written from right to left like Hebrew and

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

when they started to write from left to right some of the letterswere turned around Playing around with a couple of thePhoenician letters below you will soon see the resemblance to theEnglish letters we use today

So the Hebrew alphabet may not be as difficult as it looks If youwork slowly through the alphabet describing each letter closelyfor yourself you will soon find that you are reading with little diffi-culty You may want to think about what the letter reminds youof for instance the letter L in Hebrew is which looks a bit likelightning or maybe a llama the letter d is which could be seenas a door-hinge h is ndash a house with a hole in its wall p is possibly a pug-dogrsquos face You may prefer to give yourself auralrather than visual clues or a mixture of both We have tried tosuggest mnemonics in our pronunciation guide but you will learnmost effectively when you find the ones that mean most to youThe accompanying tapes or CDs should help you too in associ-ating sound and symbol directly

Hebrew letters are all consonants (although two double up asvowels as you will see) the vowels are indicated by dots and dashesabove below and sometimes in between the letters Like otherSemitic languages Hebrew is a consonantal language in that themeaning of a word depends primarily on the consonants vowelchanges generally indicate nuances or light modification of the basicmeaning In some ways this is also true of English lsquodidrsquo and lsquodeedrsquoare clearly related but then lsquodeadrsquo means something very differentthe change in the vowels has created an entirely different meaningIn Hebrew the consonants dictate the meaning whatever the vowels

Vowel signs were added to Hebrew texts around the seventhand eighth centuries CE when the use of Hebrew as a conversa-tional language had become less widespread and many peopleneeded pronunciation guides Modern Israelis like the speakers ofHebrew in biblical times have little need of these guides and onlyuse them in cases of particular difficulty ndash where for instance thereis an ambiguity in meaning that the context cannot sort out or inforeign names or borrowed words that Hebrew speakers cannot be

Ugravepermilbdquo

Iuml

2

Phoenician Roman

AS

expected to know Poetry childrenrsquos books and liturgy tend to bevocalized (carry vowel signs) otherwise context and knowledge ofthe spoken language is as much information as the reader needsand vowel signs are not commonly used today

For this reason we have decided not to use vowels signs in thiscourse other than in certain cases such as those described aboveand in the Bible verses included in Unit 13 We will however beusing what is known as lsquothe full spellingrsquo ( ) which makesuse of those consonants that can also act as vowels as well as occa-sional pointing (vowel signs) to help you

It is not as difficult as it sounds look at the following sentence

Irsquom cnfsd alrdy pls cn I lrn Frnch instd

In fact once you get used to the absence of all but the most essen-tial vowels learning Hebrew can often be far easier than learningFrench

It is true that you can read the above because you already speakEnglish so you might well say ldquoBut if I donrsquot know how to speakHebrew how can I hope to be able to read itrdquo ldquoSimplerdquo is theanswer we will teach you how to speak Hebrew with the aid oftransliteration You will learn how to pronounce a Hebrew wordthrough its transliteration into roman letters and then learn torecognize the Hebrew You will not need the vowel system to helpyou the Hebrew consonants will provide enough prompts ndash as itdoes for Israelis It is rather like learning to ride a bicycle Manypeople complain that learning with sidewheels lengthens theprocess ndash once you get used to stabilizers it is hard to do withoutthem ndash and indeed many students of Hebrew find difficulty readingwithout vowels if vowels have formed an integral part of theirlearning to read

However since there are occasions when the vowels are usedit is still important for you to learn them We have therefore intro-duced them together with the alphabet in the first unit where youwill have an opportunity to practise reading and writing with andwithout vowels

It is worth remembering that modern Hebrew is not so far awayfrom ancient Hebrew so that mastery of this course should enableyou to make sense of many passages in the Bible While the Torahscrolls themselves are not vocalized most printed editions of theOld Testament do use the vowel signs so anyone interested inlooking at biblical Hebrew at some point should take the oppor-tunity of mastering these as well

IcircEgravemiddot OacuteIumlDagger

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3

History of the Hebrew Language

How is it that modern Hebrew is so close to the ancient languageof the Bible spoken some three thousand years ago A little historymay give you a few clues to possible answers to this question

Hebrew is part of the Canaanite group of Semitic languageswith strong links to Phoenician and Aramaic We have mentionedthe similarity to Phoenician however by the third century BCE itis thought that the majority of Jews had begun to speak Aramaicin everyday life By the time of the destruction of the SecondTemple by the Romans in 70 CE when much of the Jewish popu-lation lived in the diaspora Hebrew had ceased to be the mainspoken language although it remained the language of prayersermons and of study and correspondence in many fields As thecommon language for Jews all over the world it continued to bea vibrant language alongside a variety of languages used foreveryday needs

Like all languages Hebrew developed and was influenced by itsmany neighbours The Hebrew of the rabbis of the second centuryknown as Mishnaic Hebrew differs in many ways from the Hebrewof the Bible New terms word-forms and expressions came intothe language through the writings of second-century rabbis andlater through the works of rabbis such as Rashi in France in theeleventh century During what is known as the Golden Era in Spain(tenth-thirteenth centuries) Maimonides Hebraized many Aramaicwords and phrases and for many centuries the language continuedto develop in the responsa literature which recorded debates onissues that concerned Jewish communities all over the world

Hebrew might indeed have been very different today had nottwo important developments occurred that interrupted the gradualevolution of the language Both were deliberate revivals of thebiblical language the first as a literary form at the time of theJewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) in the late eighteenth and thenineteenth centuries and the second as a spoken language for thenewly emerging state at the turn of the twentieth century

With the political emancipation of the Jews in Europe in thenineteenth century Jewish communities began to look outwardsfrom their ghettos to the wider world Writers turned their handto more secular work in newly established newspapers and jour-nals such as harsquoMe-asef Mishnaic Hebrew began to appear too fullof Aramaic of Arabic influence as well as of Yiddish Authorssuch as Moses Mendelssohn and Abraham Mapu sought a purity

4

from biblical Hebrew for poetry and prose while at the same timelooking to develop the language to be able to express themselvesin contemporary literary forms

Hopes for true emancipation were eroded with the rise of racialanti-Semitism and with the increasing popularity of Zionist aspi-rations in the wake of the Russian pogroms in the 1880s enthu-siasm for the revival of the Hebrew language took a new turn Theprime mover of this second revival was the Russian-born EliezerBen Yehudah who lived in Jerusalem from 1881 and devoted hislife to furthering his vision of Hebrew as the main language of anew Jewish homeland He worked tirelessly on his dictionaryadapting the language to modern needs and through the estab-lishment of the Va-ad HarsquoLashon (from 1953 the lsquoAcademy of theHebrew Languagersquo) built words and expressions from biblical andMishnaic Hebrew including loanwords from Arabic Greek andLatin Although much of this vocabulary was replaced later as aresult of some resistance and the influence of immigrants from avariety of countries the use of Hebrew as a spoken language andimportantly as the language of instruction in schools had spreadso that by 1922 the British Mandate recognized it as one of thecountryrsquos official languages

The Academy is still busy monitoring the enormous influx offoreign words and expressions entering the language every day Inthis book we have tried to keep to the most up-to-date conversa-tional language without slipping into slang However the bound-aries between colloquial and slang are inevitably controversial andsome may find that we have erred to one side or the other atcertain points in the course On the whole we have tried to steera middle course between the strictly grammatical and commoneveryday usage

How to work through this course

DialoguesThere are two or three dialogues in each unit that introduce thevocabulary and language points of the lessonrsquos topic Begin byreading the dialogues in the earlier units they are both translit-erated and translated to help you with pronunciation and compre-hension In the later ones the translations (Unit 9) and thentransliterations (Unit 10) are dropped ndash although if you want help

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

5

you will find the transliterations in an appendix at the end of thebook The vocabulary list is really all you will need

We thoroughly recommend purchasing the tapes or CDs to listento the dialogues ndash there is no substitute for hearing the spokenlanguage

VocabularyAll new words in the dialogues (and exercises) are transliteratedand translated To familiarize yourself with the new words lookthrough the vocabulary list after reading the dialogue

Once you are comfortable with the text memorize the newvocabulary (sometimes it is easier to remember a phrase than asingle word) Learn it both ways cover the translation and readthe Hebrew and then see if you can remember the Hebrew fromthe English Go back over the new words at the end of each unit

The vocabulary is introduced once in a unit most words willthen appear in the glossaries If you find a word which you do notunderstand and which is not in the vocabulary list you may wellhave come across it before and have forgotten it so check in theglossaries

Language points

We have tried to keep explanations simple and to provide helpfulexamples Memorizing the examples by reading them aloud willhelp you learn the language structures and expressions Always goback to the dialogue to put them into context

Exercises

When you feel comfortable with the text (and new vocabulary)and have gone through the language points turn to the exercisesThese are aimed at helping you with grammar and language struc-tures and provide a springboard for you to use the language youhave just learnt

Try not to skip any or to look at the key until you have finishedYou can then correct and learn from your mistakes When you goback to an earlier unit yoursquoll enjoy confirming your correctanswers We also suggest that you do the exercises in writing thiswill help reinforce what you have learnt

6

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7

Verbs

As you will see the system of verb roots is central to the Hebrewlanguage There is a comprehensive verb glossary at the end of thebook that includes most verbs used in the course Once you havelearnt a couple of verb groups you should begin to consult it asit will help you internalize the rules of verb conjugation enablingyou to apply these to new verbs and to understand the basic logicof the language as a whole You will find that you get better atthis as the course progresses by the end you should be able toconsult any dictionary that gives verb roots and be able to usethem

Tapes and CDs

Use the tapes or CDs with each unit read the dialogue familiarizeyourself with the new vocabulary and then listen to the recordingpaying attention to the pronunciation Listen again until you beginto understand comfortably

The tapesCDs will also give you an opportunity to get yourtongue around some of the new words and phrases introduced andpractise your Hebrew through role plays and exercises

And now with no more ado itrsquos time to get started on thecourse ndash herersquos to your success brsquohatslakhah middotpermilÎumlAacutepermil

1Reading andwriting Hebrew

In this unit you will learn

bull the Hebrew Aleph Bet and vowel system bull how to read simple Hebrew words bull how to write Hebrewbull some names of towns and countries

Shalom

The word shalom often the first Hebrew word many people hearmeans lsquopeacersquo and is used as a greeting This is how it looks inHebrew It may seem strange to you now but when yoursquove workedthrough this unit the new alphabet will begin to look familiar andwhen further on in the course you look back it will be even clearer

Here are a few basic points to note before we look at the lettersthemselves

bull Hebrew is written from right to leftleft to right from written is Hebrew

bull There are no capital letters

bull There are twenty-two letters in the Hebrew alphabet (aleph bet)two of which are used as vowels as well as consonants( and )

bull Five letters assume a different form when they appear at the endof a word

AcircEgrave

divideIumllaquoIgrave


bull Vowels are indicated by dots and dashes below and above theletters but most modern texts are lsquounpointedrsquo ie the vowel signsdo not generally appear in written material today (They doappear in many biblical and liturgical texts)

bull The square script you see here is used in printed material whilea much more rounded cursive script (often referred to simply aslsquoscriptrsquo) is used for handwriting

The Aleph Bet

Letrsquos now look at the Hebrew alphabet (see the chart on the nextpage) It may seem daunting at first but if you go through it slowlyit should soon make sense We have included the handwritten scriptfor future reference but for now you should just concentrate onthe printed form

There are various ways to remember the letters one way is tolook at the letter read the corresponding transliteration andpronunciation guide and try to create an image to relate the twoSome are easier than others for instance look down the translit-eration list until you come to the letter r the Hebrew letter forthat sound is which looks like a mirror image of the English rLook down the list for l in Hebrew it is we have used the wordlsquolightningrsquo in our pronunciation guide since you could with a littleimagination liken this letter to a flash of lightning

Mnemonics such as these can be a great help but you maysimply prefer to concentrate on noticing the shape of the lettersin detail such as the plinth at the base of the letter Donrsquot worryabout working the chart too hard The exercises that follow willhelp you to distinguish the letters and give you practice in recog-nizing them And of course you can always refer to the chart asyou work through the book

middot

Iumlmacr

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

9

The Alphabet aleph bet

The consonants harsquoitsurim

Handwritten Pronunciation Transliteration Hebrew Namescript print of letter

glottal ndash alephstop (hyphen)

big b betvan v vet

goat g gimel

door d daled

hello h hey

van v vav

zip z zayin

Loch kh khet

tail t tet

yo-yo y yod

cat k kafLoch kh khaf

lightning l lamed

memo m mem

noodle n nun

sun s samekh

glottal ndash ayinstop (hyphen)

pot p peyfun f fey

nuts ts tsadi

kick k kof

run r reysh

shoe sh shin

sing s sin

tail t tav

permilUacuteEgraveraquoEgraveIgrave

DaggerIumlUcirc middotEgrave

10

Euml

Egrave

ƒIcircIacute

Iuml

OacuteIgrave

Ocirc

Ograve

Uacute

notUgraveUcirc

ˆı

˜

macr

divide

loz

˙

Dagger

radicmiddot

sbquo

bdquo

permil

Acirc

Ecirc

Aacute

Questions and answers

Q Why do some letters look the same (are grouped together)but one has a dot in it and they are pronounced differently

A They are the same letter the dot (or dagesh) inside these 3letters ( ) lsquohardensrsquo the pronunciation (you close thelips or the throat) Grammar rules determine when these dotsare inserted but all you need to remember through thiscourse is that when these consonants appear at the beginningof a word they always assume a lsquohardrsquo sound (You will learnhow to pronounce the letters within words through thetransliteration we will provide with all new vocabulary) Atthe beginning of a word

v will be pronounced as b berez (tap)

kh will be pronounced as k kadur (ball)

f will be pronounced as p perakh (flower)

Q What are these letters shin and sin with dots on themhow will I remember which is which

A These letters look a little like sailing ships reading from rightto left the ship is by the shore with the dot on the right andthen moves out to sea with the dot on the left

Q Some letters appear to have a second or third form whichdoes not have a dageshdot in the middle ndash why is this

A The alternative form you are noticing is the lsquofinalrsquo form theform the letter takes when it appears at the end of a wordAs we mentioned earlier there are five of these and they arecalled final letters otiyot sofiyot

melekh (king)

mayim (water)

binyan (building)

anaf (branch)

ets (tree)

Note that apart from the m the final letters are longer than therest of the aleph bet extending below the line Therefore a finalnun will be longer than a vav One way to help you rememberthe final forms is to think of the extension as an uncurling of the

AcircOcirc

Igrave

ˆ)ı(Uacuteı

Ugrave)Ucirc(UacuteUcirc

)Ocirc(middotEgraveOcirc

Oacute)Igrave(OacuteEgraveIgrave

Icirc)Iacute(OacuteIumlIacute

DaggerlaquoEgravelaquo OgravelaquoUgraveEgravelaquo

lozdivide

UgravemacrAacuteUgrave

IcircbdquoAcircIcirc

middotmacrEcircmiddot

middotIcircUgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

11

letter ndash curl it up again and you will see the more usual form

Q Why do different letters have the same sound

A This also happens in English think of c and k It may be thatat some time in the past the Hebrew letters were pronounceddifferently However unlike English once you have learnt thesound of a Hebrew letter you can rely on it to be pronouncedas such in any word will always be pronounced as t as intail (t in English on the other hand when followed by an i ispronounced sh as in initiation)

Here for quick reference are the Hebrew consonants with thesame sound

NB The letter is not generally pronounced when it appears atthe end of a word just like the second h in the name Hannah

Borrowed consonants

In order to pronounce some foreign words that have crept into themodern language Hebrew has inserted an apostrophe after thefollowing three letters

Georgelegion gi

beigelesion si

Charlesmatch ch

Exercise 1

Train your your eye circle the letter that matches the one in themargin (remember that Hebrew reads from right to left so alwaysstart on the right)

123

ˆrsquo

Ecircrsquo

sbquorsquo

permil

Dagger = Uacute middot = Acirc Aacute = Icirc Euml = ƒ = Ograve = loz

˙

12

middotIcircOacutemiddotUgrave AacuteOacuteAacute˙middotpermil ˙Aacuteˆdividepermilmacr˙

Exercise 2

Which of the following letters correspond to the sound representedby the transliteration in the margin When you have circled itsound the other letters too for practice

dtsv

The vowels harsquotnuot

Vowels are indicated by dots and dashes below and above theconsonants This as we have seen is known as lsquopointingrsquo We havementioned in the Introduction that most written material today isunpointed so we will generally not be using the vowel signs It isnevertheless important for you to be able to recognize them since(as already mentioned) there are occasions when even Hebrewspeakers need such pronunciation guidance ndash in foreign names forinstance

In English vowels can be pronounced in many ways think ofthe a in lsquoapplersquo lsquofatherrsquo and lsquoatersquo Hebrew is simpler apart froma few exceptions each vowel is pronounced in only one way Youwill notice from the chart that there is more than one sign for mostequivalent English vowels The choice of which sign to use dependson complex rules of spelling and grammar which do not concernus in this course

permil˙raquoUacutelaquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

13

UgraveOacutebdquoUcircmacrpermil

UgravedivideˆÕcircDagger

EumlmiddotsbquomiddotAacuteUacute


Pronounced Transliteration Sign Vowelas in

glass a kamats

patakh

men e tseyrey

segol

hit i khirik

dog o kholam

kholam male

put u shuruk

kubuts

sound of the shortconsonant slurred shvaabove it sound

or silent

Exercise 3

Here is a brand name written with vowel signs for the Israeli publicCan you read the name of this breakfast cereal Remember toread from right to left


14

OtildeŒ

œ

laquo

raquo

lsaquo

Ÿ

fifiOacuteı

AtildenotfiAacute

OtildeEgraveOtildeEgrave

ŒOgravesbquolaquoIuml

œAacuteEgraveœEgrave

AacutelaquofiIumlIgrave

AacutelaquoAtildefiIumlIgrave fiOacuteOtildeIumlDagger

divideraquoraquo

lsaquomiddotraquoı

ŸdivideAcircDagger

fiAtilde

In pointed Hebrew you will come across the following combina-tion vowels Note that the shva sign on the right does not affectthe pronunciation of the vowel to which it is attached exceptwhen attached to a kamats

Combination vowels tnuot khatufot

name of vowel khataf segol khataf patak khataf kamats

combination vowel (shva on the side)

sound stays e as stays a as o as in men in glass in dog

Reading without vowels

As we explained in the Introduction we will not be using the vowelsigns in this course reflecting most written material in Israel todayYou may well be wondering how people can read without vowelsigns to guide their pronunciation and more specifically how youwill learn to read without them

A quick illustration should help Look at this English sentencewithout vowels ndash can you read it

rdng wtht vwls s nt tht hrd

At first glance lsquordngrsquo could mean lsquoridingrsquo or lsquoreadingrsquo but thecontext quickly tells you that lsquoreadingrsquo is more likely so too withthe word lsquontrsquo which could mean lsquonetrsquo lsquonitrsquo or lsquonotrsquo here it obvi-ously means lsquonotrsquo Thus the sentence actually reads lsquoreadingwithout vowels is not that hardrsquo ndash the context has helped you out

As you are learning the language you do need more help toknow how to pronounce words This course will make use oftransliteration rather than vowel signs to guide your pronunciationso that you will immediately be able to recognize the unpointedHebrew word as do Israelis

AacuteEumlUcirc OacuteıAacuteEumlUcirc UgraveAacuteAacuteEumlUcirc OgravesbquolaquoIuml

˙raquoUacutelaquo AacuteEumlraquoUgravelaquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

15

curren frasl fl

The letters vav and yod used as vowels

Israelis are not left completely high and dry two consonants areused as vowels in unpointed Hebrew

The letter vav indicates either the sound lsquoorsquo as in lsquodogrsquo orlsquoursquo as in lsquoputrsquo In unpointed Hebrew you would normally relyon the context to tell you which sound is meant but in this coursewe have very often inserted the dots above and beside the vav tohelp you

In order to distinguish between vav as a vowel and vav as aconsonant with the sound lsquovrsquo vav as a consonant in unpointedHebrew is generally doubled eg

as in lsquointentionrsquo kavanah

The letter yod

As a general rule when reading unpointed Hebrew a yod in themiddle or end of a word is likely to be pronounced as lsquoirsquo in lsquobitrsquoor as one of the diphthongs (two vowels making one sound) below

tie ay matay

boy oy oy

whey ey beytsah

Writing Hebrew

We suggest that while doing the exercises at the end of this unityou try to copy the words using letters from the column headedlsquostick lettersrsquo in the chart below These closely resemble the printedform and will help you to memorize the aleph bet Israelis use thehandwritten script which the chart also shows you how to formWe recommend that you come back to writing script only onceyou feel secure with reading the printed form

middotEgravepermilEgrave

DaggerAcircEgravelaquoEgrave

Oacute˙EgraveEgrave

Egrave

IcircAcircAcircpermilAcircAcirc

raquolaquoAcirc

EgraveAcirc

16

Practise reading and writing11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

17

Exercise 4

Some letters look very similar ndash learn to distinguish between them Here are lists of words containing look-alike letters Separate

the words into two groups each containing one of the two letterson the left

Study the look-alike letters carefully and make a mental noteof their similarities and differences eg looks like a door handlewhile is more rounded

1 dr

2 kht

3 tsayin

4 khh

5 v or bkh or k

Exercise 5

Match the English sound in the list below to the Hebrew letter

Example n=3

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

n z s ts b final kh sh d final n r

macrbdquo

18

bdquoAcircbdquo bdquoIuml macrı bdquoUcirc macrlaquoEgrave macrmiddot bdquoAcircIgrave macrsbquoIuml bdquo

OacuteAacutepermil OacutelozAacute˜ Oacuteraquopermil AacuteIgrave laquopermil AacuteAcircIcircpermil Aacute

˙macrbdquo Oacute˙permil

Îuml Oacuteˆbdquopermil macrsbquoUacute UacuteIuml EgraveUgraveAcirc OacuteUacutepermil OacuteÛgravepermil Uacute

Uacutemacrmiddot

IumlpermilIgrave AacuteIumlmiddot OacuteAacuteIuml AacuteEgraveEgraveEuml IumlAacuteIgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquo permilEgraveAcircIgrave Aacutepermil

OacuteAacutebdquoIuml

IcircmacrlaquoEcirc middotraquoIuml Iumlmiddotpermil OacuteIcircEgraveEgrave Icircbdquoraquo middotIcirc

OacuteIcircdivide Icircmacr middotmacrEcirc

radicOcircdivideIacute Ecircbdquomacr Ograveˆ

Exercise 6

Do you remember that two Hebrew letters can have the samesound In this exercise each of the English sounds will have twocorresponding Hebrew letters Which of the Hebrew letters in thetable correspond to the following transliterations

k = 3 11 t = ___ ___ s = ___ ___

v = ___ ___ kh = ___ ___ silent = ___ ___

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Keep testing yourself Open the book at any page Point to anyHebrew word and see if you can identify the letters Check againstthe aleph bet chart

You are now ready to read whole words To start with each ofthe exercises will focus on one vowel at a time Remember to readfrom right to left

Note that in Hebrew the stress usually falls on the last syllable

Exercise 7

The only vowel in these words is lsquoarsquo

Cover over the English transliteration and read aloud Writeyour own transliteration on a separate piece of paper then checkagainst the transliteration provided

6 5 4 3 2 1

12 11 10 9 8 7

dan aval bat mazal daf pas nakhash parah kamah pasalmarak adam

1 Which of the words above (1ndash12) begin with a lsquohardenedrsquoconsonant (see p 11 above consonants with a dagesh)

2 Which words contain a silent (see p 12)permil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

19

middotEuml˜˙UacuteAcircAcircAacuteOgraveIcircDaggerƒloz

bdquoOcircDaggermiddotIumlmiddot˙OacuteEcircIumlbdquoUcircUgraveOgrave

AacutedivideUgravemacrpermilIcircOacutepermilOacutepermilOacutemacrDaggerbdquoIgrave

Exercise 8

These words only contain the vowel lsquoersquo In this group unusuallythe stress falls on the first syllable

Cover the transliteration and test your reading

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ken yesh ten shesh ner tered lekh yeled beged melekh ets pele

1 Which of the words (1ndash12) above end with a final letter form(ot sofit) (see p 11)

Exercises 9 10 11 Check your reading the transliterations can befound in the key at the back of the book and you can also hearhow to pronounce them on the tape or CD

Exercise 9

These words contain only the vowel lsquoirsquo

Exercise 10

These words contain only the vowel lsquoorsquo

Exercise 11

These words contain only the vowel lsquoursquo

OgraveraquoOgrave raquo permilraquoDagger middotraquoIuml OacuteraquoIuml sbquoraquo divideraquoIgrave raquoIgrave bdquoraquobdquo

IumlDaggerUgravepermilEumllaquomiddot˙IgravelaquoUcircEcirclaquoIumlOgravelaquobdquoAacutelaquoIuml˙laquo

OacuteEgrave IcircEgrave IumlEgrave divideEgrave UacuteEgrave UgraveEgraveIuml OgraveEgrave bdquoEgraveOcirc Egrave

20

IcircOcircEgravedivide˙Ocircdividedivide˙macrbdquoIumlIacuteEgraveIumlbdquomiddotsbquobdquoOacuteIumlIacuteUacuteıUgraveIumlDagger

Exercise 12

Now that you have practised reading you can begin learning themeaning of some of the words you have read This is how newvocabulary will be presented throughout the rest of the book Fromright to left you will be given the Hebrew its transliteration andtranslation

Vocabulary but aval

luck mazal

what mah

yes ken

who mi

she hi

nonot lo

here poh

good tov

he hu

nothing klum

Exercise 13

Many continents countries and towns have similar names inEnglish and in Hebrew Try reading the following (the recordingshould help with your pronunciation)

amerikah afrikah eyropah ostraliyah

angliyah israel italyah argentinah

pariz london tel-aviv nyu-york sidni

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

21

DaggermiddotIuml

OacuteEcircIuml

Oacutepermil

IcircOcirc

OacuteEgrave

permilEgraveDagger

IumlDagger

Ugravepermil

Eumllaquomiddot

permilraquoDagger

IcircIumlraquoIgrave

DaggerOacutemacrEgravepermilDaggerUgravemacrEgravepermilDaggerEgravelaquonotpermilDaggerlaquoOgraveEumlmacrIumlEgravepermil

DaggersbquoIumlEgravepermilEgravelozDaggerIumlDaggerEgraveEumlIumlEgravepermilDaggermacrsbquoEumlEgravepermil

notmacrEgraveEcircIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddotEgraveraquo-EgravelaquoÕgraveEgravebdquoEgrave

Exercise 14

Label these items using words from the list of Hebrew words Theyare all similar to their English equivalents so with a little trial anderror you should be able to work out what they mean If you getreally stuck try inserting the vowels systematically between theconsonants in order a e i o u

Eg lsquokpfhrsquo can be kapfah kapfeh kepfeh kepfah Itis in fact kafeh the Hebrew for lsquocoffeersquo (The correct translitera-tions are in the key)

Remember that an lsquoirsquo sound is likely to be indicated by andlsquoorsquo and lsquoursquo are and

Exercise 15The following English sentence is written in Hebrew letters ndash canyou read it

Hebrew handwriting script

Many shop signs and advertisements use the Hebrew handwritingscript so you may want to spend a little time familiarizing your-self with this version of the Hebrew alphabet (You will have achance to practise reading it in Unit 6) Many of the letters arealmost the same as the printed version The handwriting guide onp 17 which shows you how to form the letters will give you aclearer picture Remember to make sure you feel comfortable withreading the printed letters first

Egraveraquo OacuteOgrave˙ radicEgrave Oacutebdquo Eumlraquo IumlmacrOcirc permilEgraveradicmacrraquo radic˙ DaggerEgraveUcirc Egraveraquo OcircmacrEgravebdquo bdquoEgraveOgrave Egraveraquo Daggermacr bdquoraquoDaggerEgravesbquo AcircAcircEgrave AcircAcircIuml

raquolaquoEgrave

˜Ugravepermil

22

OgraveUgravesbquoEumlEgrave˜UgravepermilpermilOacuteradicraquosbquonotlaquonot-laquoOcircnot∆Egravepermil

12345

b

c d e

a

Exercise 16

Can you work out what the following labels are advertising Matchthe pictures to the list of words below

Exercise 17

You can have a go at writing script by following the chart on p 17 Copy out the following words in script

1 gir nili miki bili gil dir

2 kol oto sof bo loto zol

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

23

sbquoEgrave EgraveIumlEgrave OacuteEgraveEgrave middotEgraveIumlEgrave sbquoEgraveIuml bdquoEgrave

˜laquoIuml DaggerAcircEumlAcirc OgraveAcircUcirc middotAcircDagger IumlAcircEumlAcirc EcircAcircIuml

a

c

b

d

e

1 Chocolate2 Minicrackers3 Coca Cola4 Lemon Tea5 Cregraveme Fraicircche

2Peter arrives inIsrael


bull to introduce yourself to greet welcome and say goodbye to someone

bull to construct a simple noun sentence bull to ask simple questions bull to make affirmative and negative statements bull the prepositions lsquotorsquo lhelliprsquo lsquofromrsquo mihelliprsquo lsquoinrsquo bhelliprsquobull the personal pronouns bull the definite article lsquothersquo harsquo bull the conjunction lsquoandrsquo vhelliprsquo bull noun gender bull the demonstrative lsquothisrsquo zeh zot

Dialogue 1

Peter Green has arrived in Israel and is met at the airport by a taxidriver who will take him to his hotel in Tel Aviv

EcircDagger˙Ecircpermil

Acircpermil


permilsbquo OacutelaquoEgraveOgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermil Dagger˙permil Oacutemacr sbquoEgraveOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIcircOcirc DaggerEgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoEgraveOcirc

permilsbquo OacutelaquoEgravedivideIumllaquoIgrave middotmacrraquoIacute permilmiddotDagger IumlEgravelozDaggerIuml

UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc IumlOacuteIumllaquoOcirc dividemacrlaquoOcirc middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot IcircOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIcircOcirc middotmiddot˜dividepermil

permilpermilsbquoDagger˙permil OacuteIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlDagger DaggerEgrave IumlDagger OacuteIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggerlaquoOgraveUgravelaquobdquo

permilpermilsbquoDaggerpermil DaggerlaquoOgraveUgravelaquobdquo Dagger˙permil UgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlDagger DaggerEgrave UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave

nehag monit slikhah atah mar grinpiter ken ani piter grinnehag monit shalom barukh harsquoba lrsquoisrael akhshav lrsquomalon

sheraton brsquotel-aviv kenpiter ken brsquovakashahharsquonehag atah mirsquolondonpiter lo ani lo mirsquolondon ani mersquooksfordharsquonehag ah oksford atah profeacutesorpiter lo ani itonaacutey

TAXI DRIVER Excuse me are you Mr GreenPETER Yes Irsquom Peter GreenTAXI DRIVER Hello welcome to Israel Now to the Sheraton Hotel

in Tel-Aviv is that right (Lit yes) PETER Yes pleaseTHE DRIVER Are you from LondonPETER No Irsquom not from London Irsquom from OxfordTHE DRIVER Ah Oxford Are you a professorPETER No Irsquom a journalist

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

25

Vocabulary

driver nehag

taxi monit

excuse me sorry slikhah

you atah

Mr mar

welcome barukh harsquoba

to lrsquo

(to) Israel (lrsquo)israel

now akhshav

(to) hotel (Sheraton) (lrsquo)malon (sheraton)

in brsquo

please brsquovakashah

from mirsquo

(from) London (mirsquo)london

I (am) ani

a journalist itonaacutey

Cultural note

Greetings

lsquoPeacersquo shalom is used to say lsquohellorsquo as well as lsquogoodbyersquo atany time of day or night It is also often used together with morespecific greetings

Notice how the taxi driver welcomes Peter with shalom barukhharsquoba Here the taxi driver adds barukh harsquoba(Lit lsquoblessed is the one who comesrsquo) as an extra welcoming gestureto mark that the arrival is special

Other time-specific greetings are often combined with shalom although they can be used on their own divideIumllaquoIgrave

divideIumllaquoIgrave middotmacrraquoIacute permilmiddotDagger


26

permilsbquo

OacutelaquoEgrave

OgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermil

Dagger˙permil

Oacutemacr

middotmacrraquoIacute permilmiddotDagger

Iumlhellip

)Iuml(EgravelozDaggerIuml

UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc

)Iuml(OacuteIumllaquoOcirc)dividemacrlaquoOcirc(

radichellip

middotmiddot˜dividepermil

Oacutehellip

)Oacute(IumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc

DaggerEgrave

UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave

Good morning boacuteker tov

Good evening eacuterev tov

Good night laacuteylah tov

(Hello Good morning shalom boacuteker tov

ndash note that shalom normally comes first)

Another way to say goodbye is to use the word lrsquohitra-ot whose literal meaning is close to the French au revoir

or the English phrase lsquountil we meet againrsquo lrsquohitra-ot is also oftencombined with shalom ndash shalom lrsquohitra-ot

Language points

The noun sentence

Look at the sentence I am Peter Green ani piter grin

The literal translation of the Hebrew would be lsquoI Peter GreenrsquoHebrew implies rather than expresses the verb lsquoto bersquo in thepresent tense

Exercise 1

Now go back to the Hebrew dialogue and see if you can pick outthe seven noun sentences in which the verb lsquoto bersquo is implied Youwill find that this structure appears in both statements and ques-tions Check your answers with the English translation

Questions

Questions in Hebrew are simple to form The word order is thesame as in a statement but the intonation changes as the pitchrises towards the end of the sentence (Listen to the dialogue onthe recording to hear the difference)

DaggerEgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoEgraveOcirc

Iumlpermil˙Daggerlaquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

27

middotlaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot

Uacutemacrmiddot Eumllaquomiddot

IumlEgraveIumlpermil Eumllaquomiddot

divideIumllaquoIgrave middotlaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot

Negation

In order to negate a statement or question simply insert lo infront of the word you are negating Note that in Hebrew meansboth lsquonorsquo and lsquonotrsquo

Are you a professor No I am not a professor

atah profeacutesorlo ani lo profesor

Exercise 2

Go back to the dialogue this time the taxi driver greets a differentman approaching a Mr Cohen instead Imagine you are Mr Cohenand you come from New York The taxi driver wants to know ifyou are a journalist but in fact you are a professor Read thedialogue sentence by sentence changing the words to fit this newsituation Check your dialogue against the answer section

Inseparable prepositions

You may have noticed that unlike English the prepositions lsquotorsquo lrsquo lsquofromrsquo mirsquo and lsquoinrsquo brsquo are single letters attached to the

noun they precede These are known as lsquoinseparable prepositionsrsquo

NB An apostrophe will indicate an inseparable preposition in ourtransliteration lsquomirsquo becomes mersquo before silent letters and some gutturals egmersquooxford You will however often hear Israelis using mirsquo in allcases

Exercise 3

See if you can pick out these prepositions in the dialogue Readthem aloud

radicOacuteIuml

Dagger˙permil UgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo IumlDagger DaggerEgrave IumlDagger UgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo

IumlDaggerIumlDagger

28

Exercise 4

How would you say the following to the Hilton hotel from RamatGan to Eilat from Petakh Tikvah in Manchester to Birminghamin Venezuela

Exercise 5

Now letrsquos see how these four language points come together inpractice

The following people come from different countries Read thesentences aloud first as statements and then change your intona-tion to turn them into questions You can then answer in the nega-tive as shown in the example You may like to look back at Unit 1to help you read the names of the countries)

Dialogue 2 Peter meets some Israelis in the hotel bar later on that evening

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

29

1Aacutepermil OacuteDaggermacrsbquoEumlEgravepermil )(IumlDagger Aacutepermil IumlDagger OacuteDaggermacrsbquoEumlEgravepermil

2OacuteraquoDaggerIumlpermil OacuteDaggerAcircOgraveEumlmacrIumlEgravepermil

3divideEgraveIumlpermil OacutemiddotmacrEcircEgraveIuml

4Ogravedividepermil OacuteDaggerOacutemacrEgravepermil

5ˆrsquoIumlEgrave rsquoUgraveIumlEgraveOcirc OacutemacrraquoOgraveEgravepermil

6Ugravebdquomacrlaquo OacuteOacuteÕgraveEgravelaquo

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr Uacutemacrmiddot Eumllaquomiddot DaggerEgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoEgraveOcirc

middotlaquoEgraveOgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo DaggerEgrave middotlaquoEgraveOgrave DaggerIumlIcircOgravebdquomacrlaquomiddot AcircEcircDagger˙ permilAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlEgrave

OgravelaquoEgravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo

OgravelaquoEgravepermildivideIumllaquoIgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr OacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc Dagger˙permil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave OacuteDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermil

OgravelaquoEgravepermilDaggerEgraveUgravepermil Dagger˙permil sbquo middotDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave sbquo middotDaggerlaquoOgraveUgravelaquobdquo AcircOacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc Dagger˙Igrave Dagger˙Igrave EgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

OgravelaquoEgravepermilDaggerAacuteraquo OacutemacrraquoOgraveEgravepermil DaggermiddotIuml DaggerAacuteraquo IumlDagger EgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave DaggerAacuteraquo sbquoEgraveIgrave

Ugravepermil middotDaggermacrı

piter eacuterev tov ani piter grinboris na-im me-od ani boris aleksandrov vrsquo zot harsquokhaverah

sheli sonyapiter na-im me-odsonya shalom piter mersquoaacuteyin atahpiter ani mersquoangliahsonya eyfoh atah gar brsquoangliahpiter ani gar brsquooksford ursquomersquoaacuteyin atem atem tayarimsonya anaacutekhnu mersquoruacutesiah aval anaacutekhnu lo tayarim anaacutekhnu

garim poh barsquoaacuterets

PETER Good evening Irsquom Peter GreenBORIS Pleased to meet you (lit lsquovery pleasantrsquo) Irsquom Boris

Alexandrov and this is my girlfriend SonyaPETER Pleased to meet you SONYA Hello Peter where are you fromPETER Irsquom from England SONYA Where do you live in EnglandPETER I live in Oxford And where are you from

Are you touristsSONYA Wersquore from Russia but wersquore not tourists we live here in

Israel (lit lsquoin the landrsquo)

Vocabulary

evening eacuterev (m)good tovpleased to meet you na-im me-od(lit very pleasant)and vrsquothis zotthe harsquo friend (girlfriend) khaverah (f)my sheliwhere from (lit lsquofrom wherersquo) mersquoaacuteyinwhere eyfohlives gar (m)

(garim m pl)tourists (tourist) tayarim (m pl)

(tayar m)but however avalwe anaacutekhnu

30

UacutemacrmiddotEumllaquomiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo

AcirchellipEcircDagger˙permilhellipAacutemiddotmacrpermildivideIumlEgraveOacuteDaggerEgraveOcircDaggerEgraveUgravepermilsbquo)sbquoEgraveIgrave(

˙EgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave )EgraveEgrave(

DaggermiddotIumlDaggerAacuteraquo

here poh(in the) land (of Israel) (barsquo)aacuteretz

Cultural note

Note that lsquoin the landrsquo barsquoaacuterets always refers to the land ofIsrael unless the context specifies otherwise (To understand why ba-rather than b- see Unit 3 for prepositions with definite articles)

NB Word stress as a rule apart from borrowed words which aregenerally pronounced as in the language of origin the stress fallson the last syllable When it falls elsewhere our transliteration inthe vocabulary lists and glossary will indicate where the accentshould fall eg anaacutekhnu aacuteretz

Language points

Personal pronouns

Let us now have a closer look at the personal pronouns In the firstdialogue we learned lsquoIrsquo ani and lsquoyoursquo (msing) atah Below is a complete list of personal pronouns Note that whilethere is only one form for the first person Hebrew makes a genderdistinction in the second and third persons When referring to amixed group of people the masculine form is used

I ani (mf)

you atah (m)

you at (f)

he hu

she hi

we anaacutekhnu (mf)

you atem (m pl)

you aten (f pl)

they hem (m pl)

they hen (f pl)

Dagger˙permilDaggerEgrave

middotDaggermacrı

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

31

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo

Dagger˙Igrave

Dagger˙Ocirc

permilIgrave

permilOcirc

Ugravepermil)middot(Daggermacrı

The definite article lsquothersquo harsquo

Hebrew has no indefinite article (lsquoarsquo or lsquoanrsquo) but it does have adefinite article lsquoThersquo harsquo is attached to the noun like an insepa-rable preposition

girlfriend khaverah

the girlfriend harsquokhaverah

NB Proper names as in English are by nature definite and willtherefore never be preceded by the prefix harsquo

The conjunction lsquoandrsquo vrsquo

In Hebrew lsquoandrsquo vrsquo like is not a separate word as it is inEnglish but always appears as a prefix eg Boris and Sonya

You can attach more than one prefix to a noun at the same

time eg Boris and the girlfriend will be Boris vrsquoharsquokhaverah

NB Like inseparable prepositions lsquothersquo harsquo and lsquoandrsquo vrsquo arefollowed by apostrophes in our transliteration

Exercise 6

1 How would you say the followingthe hotel the professor the journalist the taxi

2 Now can you saythe hotel and the lobby the pizza and the coffee the journalist and the professor

lsquolobbyrsquo is a common Hebrew word pronounced as in English

Exercise 7

Ask the following questions in Hebrew and answer using the cuesgiven in brackets Look back to the list of personal pronouns tohelp you

Acircpermil

middotlaquoEgraveOgrave AcircpermilAacutemiddotmacrpermil

middotlaquoEgraveOgrave AcircOgravelaquoEgravepermil

permilAcirc

Acirc

permil

permilAacutemiddotmacrpermil

Aacutemiddotmacrpermil

permil

permil

32

Example Are you from Alaska No Irsquom from England (angliyah)

1 Are the Beatles from Bristol (No theyrsquore from hellip )2 Is Mussolini from Russia (No hersquos from hellip )3 Is Shakespeare from Glasgow (No hersquos hellip )4 Is Indira Gandhi from England (No shersquos from hellip )

India=hoacutedu5 Are you from Venezuela (No Irsquom from hellip )

lsquoWherersquo eyfoh and lsquofrom wherersquomersquoayin

mersquoayin is the correct word to use when asking wheresomeone or something is from but you will also very often hearIsraelis using mersquoeyfoh (lit mi lsquofromrsquo and eyfoh lsquowherersquo)Although the stress does fall on the last syllable you will oftenhear it pronounced eacuteyfoh

Exercise 8

Where will you find these famous buildings The list below contains the answers but in the wrong order

Use them and insert the preposition lsquoinrsquo brsquo

Example

1 DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilmiddotEgravesbquo middotOcirc permilmiddotEgravesbquo middotOcirc middotIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc

radic

OacuteDaggerEgraveUgravepermil

OacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc

OacuteDaggerEgraveOcircDaggerEgraveUgravepermil

permillaquobdquoraquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

33

Dagger˙permil OacuteDaggerIumlOgrave˜permil IumlDagger DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermil

1DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilmiddotEgravesbquo middotOcirc4DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilÕacuteIumlEgraveOcirc

2DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilDagger˜macrlaquoUgravelaquoIumlEgraveOgrave5DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permil˜laquoIumllaquoOgraveEgraveDaggerraquoIgrave

3DaggerEgraveUgravepermil laquoEumlmacrbdquoIgrave6DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilUgraveEumlsbquolaquoOcirc

UgravemacrEgraveEcirc Dagger˙raquopermil IumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc AcircAcircEgravesbquoEumllaquoOcirc macrlaquoOacuteDagger OacutelaquoOgraveÃcircAcircpermil

Exercise 9

Match the questions and answers

eskimo=Eskimo

Noun gender

Hebrew nouns have two genders masculine and feminineFeminine nouns are easier to distinguish than masculine nounssince most feminine nouns in the singular end with either an lsquoahrsquosound or lsquoetrsquo or lsquoitrsquo ndash their final letters being or

A male friend is khaver a female friend khaverah

A male journalist is a female journalist is itona-it

From now on the vocabulary lists will tell you whether a noun ismasculine or feminine

Exercise 10

Go back to Unit 1 to the list of food in Exercise 14 Which noun(s)do you think are feminine

NB Unlike English Hebrew has no neuter so never refers toanything as lsquoitrsquo People places and objects are all either lsquohersquo orlsquoshersquo depending on their grammatical genderYou will find it helpful to remember that the names of countriesand cities are always feminine as are the words for lsquocountryrsquo eacuterets

and lsquocityrsquo ir UacuteEgraveDaggermacrı



AacutemiddotmacrpermilAacutemiddotmacr

˙permil

1OacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc permilpermilOacutemiddotraquosbquoDaggermiddotOacuteIumllaquoOcirc

2DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilIumllaquomiddotEgravemiddotOacuteDaggerOacutemacrEgravepermil

3OacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc permil˙EgraveEgravesbquomiddotDaggerEgravesbquoIumlraquo

4DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilDaggerraquoEgravemiddotOgraveEgraveEumlpermilbdquomiddotDaggerlaquoOgraveUgraveAcircbdquo

5OacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc permil˜UgravepermilpermilOacuteOacute˜bdquolaquoIumlbdquo

6DaggerEgraveUgravepermil sbquo permilDaggerOgrave˜EgraveOacutelaquoAcircOacute˜laquoIumllaquoOacutemiddotEgraveEgravepermil

34

Exercise 11

Are these nouns masculine or feminine

Dialogue 3

Boris and Sonya are joined by their cousin from Holland who isstaying in the hotel They introduce him to Peter

boris zeh yan karov sheli mersquoholandyan na-im me-od piterpiter na-im me-od yan mah atah oseh barsquoaacuterets atah tayarboris lo brsquodiyuk ani mevaker mishpakhah vrsquokhaverim vrsquoani gam

poh lrsquoasakim

BORIS This is Jan my relative from HollandJAN Pleased to meet you PeterPETER Pleased to meet you Jan What are you doing in Israel Are

you a touristJAN Not exactly I am visiting family and friends and Irsquom also here

on(for) business

Note that lrsquo means both lsquotorsquo and lsquoforrsquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

35

OacutelaquoEgrave Aacutemiddotmacrpermil Uacutemacrmiddot UgraveEgravemacrEgraveEgravepermil OacuteIumllaquoOcirc EgraveDaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc DaggerlaquoEumllaquoradicraquoOgrave

˜UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgravepermil middotIumlsbquoEgravepermil OacuteraquoEcircDaggerlaquoOcirc DaggerOacuteOgraveEumlmacrbdquoIgrave

middotlaquoEgraveOgraveEcircpermil EgraveDaggerOcirc macrlaquomiddot IumlEgrave OacutepermillaquoIumlbdquo

EgraveDaggerOcircUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo UgraveEgraveEumlmacr

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo EgraveDaggerOcirc Oacutepermil Dagger˙permil Uacutelaquolozpermil middotDaggermacrı Dagger˙permil EgraveEgrave

EgraveDaggerOcircIumlDagger middotbdquoEgraveraquo DaggerEgrave Oacutemiddot˜macr OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil AcircAacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave AcircDaggerEgrave sbquoIgrave Ugravepermil

IumlUacuteOgrave˜EgraveIgrave

Vocabulary

this zeh (m)

relative relation karov (krovah f)

what mah

does oseh

exactly brsquodiyuk

visits mevaker

family mishpakhah (f)

(and) friends (vrsquo)khaverim (m pl)

(for) business (lrsquo)asakim (m pl)

Language Point

The demonstrative pronouns zeh andzot

Look at the dialogues and see how Sonya and Jan are introduced zot Sonya zeh Jan Notice how Hebrew distinguishes here betweenmasculine and feminine

Exercise 12

Name the pictures using the list below together with the correctform of the demonstrative zeh zot eg thatrsquos a telephonezeh telefon

telephone teacutelefon (m)

street rekhov (m)

Allenby Street rekhov aacutelenbi (note Hebrew reverses the order Street Allenby)

house baacuteyit (m)

train rakeacutevet (f)

Ecircpermil EumlIumlUgravelaquoOcircEcircDagger˙Ecircpermil

Oacutepermil Ecircpermil Oacutepermil EcircDagger˙


36

Ecircpermil

˜macrlaquomiddot)permil(

Oacutepermil

Uacutelaquolozpermil

middotbdquoEgraveraquo

Oacutemiddot˜macr

OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil

)Acirc(AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave

)Iuml(UacuteOgrave˜EgraveIgrave

EumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc

macrAacutelaquomiddot

macrAacutelaquomiddot DaggerIumlmiddotEgrave

middotEgrave

macrIcircmiddot˙

office misrad (m)

shop khanut (f)

room kheacuteder (m)

bus oacutetobus (m)

town ir (f)

Now repeat the exercise this time covering the vocabulary listCheck to see if yoursquove managed to remember the new vocabulary

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

37

Oacutelozmacrbdquo

Aacuteraquo

Aacutebdquomacr

DaggerlaquoEumllaquoradicraquoOgrave

UacuteEgrave

Exercise 13

You are at a friendrsquos house in Tel Aviv and have arranged to meeta colleague at work but have forgotten the address You dohowever have the telephone number

1 Ask your friend where the telephone is

2 You have managed to get through ndash ask your colleaguewhere the office is

3 Your colleague says itrsquos on Dizengoff Street but you canrsquotquite hear his reply so you repeat ldquoThe office is onDizengoff Street right (nakhon )rdquo

4 Your friend tells you that you need to take the bus andaccompanies you to the stop where a bus is approaching ldquoIsthis the bus to Dizengoff Streetrdquo you ask

5 Say goodbye to your friend as you get on the bushellip andhave a good meeting

Exercise 14

The following is a dialogue between Eyal Barenboim and DanielBerkovitch who are sharing a taxi from Ben Gurion Airport nemalharsquoteufah ben guryon to Jerusalemyerushalaacuteyim Read the dialogue aloud Can you say what Eyal and Daniel aredoing in Israel

(They shake hands)

OacuteIuml permil˙UacuteraquoUgravepermil middotOcirc sbquoraquoEgravelaquoOcirc

IcirclaquoOcirc

38

DaggerEgraveIumldivideIumllaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave DaggerEgraveIuml middotmacrmiddotlaquoEgraveIgrave UacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo

bdquoEgraveDaggerIumlbdquoEgraveDaggerIuml middotmacrlaquomiddotEgraveırsquo UacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo OacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc Dagger˙permil DaggerEgraveIuml

DaggerEgraveIumlDaggerEgrave OacuteDaggermacrsbquoEumlEgravepermil

bdquoEgraveDaggerIumlDagger˙permil Oacutemiddot˜macr OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil Daggerlaquo EgraveEgrave

DaggerEgraveIumlIumlDagger DaggerEgrave IumlDagger Oacutemiddot˜macr OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil AcircsbquoIgrave IumlDagger middotbdquoEgraveraquo EgraveEgrave

DaggerEgrave OacuteraquoOgraveEgraveDaggerEgrave AcircDaggerEgrave Ugravepermil IumllaquoEuml AcircOacutepermil Dagger˙permil Uacutelaquolozpermil

bdquoEgraveDaggerIumlDaggerEgrave OgraveUgravelaquoEumlDaggerEgrave middotDaggerlaquoIumlEgraveOacuteUgraveEgraveDaggerbdquopermil DaggerEgrave sbquoIgrave sbquo Ugravepermil middotDaggermacrı

EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave

3Can we meet


bull the prepositions + lsquothersquo bull some time wordsbull how to ask how someone isbull lsquoit is (not) possiblersquo efshar i efshar

+ the Hebrew infinitivebull verbs ndash the present tense (Group 1)bull the conjunction and relative pronoun shersquohellip bull cardinal numbers 1ndash20 (mf)

Dialogue 1

Peter is a journalist preparing an article on Israel He speaks someHebrew and is planning to travel around the country to gather material His guide Maya is a radio journalist who has been askedto help him Having arrived in Israel Peter is now keen to get goingand contacts Maya at her office

divide

DaggerUgravedividemacrDaggerEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacr

permilradic Iuml

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrdivideIumllaquoIgrave OacuteDaggerEgravepermil Oacutebdquomiddotmacr UgraveEgraveEumlmacr

OacuteDaggerEgravepermildivideIumllaquoIgrave Oacutepermil divideIumllaquoOacuteIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEumllaquomiddot laquobdquopermil

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgraveUgravepermil Dagger˙permil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave Icircmiddotmacr Ugravepermil middotDaggermacrı middotOacuteIumllaquoOcirc dividemacrlaquoOcirc middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot Oacute˙Egrave DaggerUgravedividemacr

IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide permilUacutemacrmiddot middotOacutelozmacrbdquo divideIumlEgrave middotdividemiddotUacute Ecircpermil middotOgravebdquomacr

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIcircOcirc OacuteˆraquoEgraveEgraveOcirc

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEcirc Iumlpermil˙Daggerlaquo permilUacutemacrmiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquoUgraveEgrave Iumlpermil˙Daggerlaquo

piter shalom maya medaber pitermaya shalom mah shlomkhapiter tov todah maya eyfoh atah piter ani kvar poh barsquoaacuteretz brsquomalon sheraton brsquotel-aviv

matay efshar lrsquohipageshmaya efshar lrsquohipagesh harsquoeacuterev barsquomisrad sheli brsquosheacuteva zeh

brsquoseacutederpiter ken metsuyan maya az lrsquohitra-ot harsquoeacuterevpiter yofi lrsquohitra-ot

PETER Hello Maya (itrsquos) Peter speakingMAYA Hello how are youPETER Fine thanksMAYA Where are youPETER Irsquom (lit lsquoalreadyrsquo) now here in Israel in the Sheraton Hotel in

Tel Aviv When can we (lit lsquois it possible torsquo) meetMAYA We can meet this evening at my office At seven is that OKPETER Yes excellentMAYA So see you this eveningPETER Great See you later

Vocabulary

(he) speaks medaber

how are you mah shlomkha

fine thanks tov todah

already kvar

when matay

it is possible efshar

to meet lrsquohipagesh

(at) seven brsquosheacuteva

all right brsquoseacuteder

excellent metsuyan

so then az

great yoacutefi

40

Oacutebdquomiddotmacr

Oacutepermil divideIumllaquoOacuteIacute

Eumllaquomiddot laquobdquopermil

Icircmiddotmacr

Oacute˙Egrave

DaggerUgravedividemacr


)radic(dividemiddotUacute

middotOgravebdquomacr

OacuteˆraquoEgraveEgraveOcirc

DaggerEcirc

EgravelaquoUgraveEgrave

Language points

How are you

To find out how someone is you would ask mah shlomkhato a man and mah shlomekh to a

womanOne hopes you would get the answer tov todah and

probably be asked in your turn vrsquomah shlomekh mah shlomkha

Inseparable prepositions + lsquothersquo

When the prepositions brsquo and lrsquo are attached to definite nounslsquothersquo is dropped and are pronounced ba and la It is usefulto show the vowels here in order to explain how this works (seevowel table on p 14)

Example in an office (brsquomisrad) in the office (barsquomisrad)

Without vowels the words look the same but you will know howto pronounce them correctly from the context

NB Our third inseparable preposition lsquofromrsquo mirsquo does notcontract when combined with harsquo

from the office mersquoharsquomisrad

Remember that proper names are definite by nature and do nottake lsquothersquo The prepositions therefore do not change either InTel Aviv is brsquotel-aviv

Composite names such as the Sheraton Hotel are also definiteare not preceded by in Hebrew and the prepositions and do not change in the Sheraton Hotel is brsquomalon sheraton

radicOacuteIumllaquoOcirc dividemacrAcircOcirc

Iumlradicpermil

radic˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddotpermil

OacutepermilOacutelozmacrbdquo

permilOacute

radicOacutelozmacrbdquoradicOacutelozmacrbdquo

Ÿradic + Atildepermil = Atilderadic ŸIuml + Atildepermil = AtildeIuml

middot Iumlpermilmiddot Iuml

permil

AcircOacutepermil divideIumllaquoOacuteIacute


Oacutepermil divideIumllaquoOacuteIacuteOacutepermil divideIumllaquoOacuteIacute

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

41

and

Some time words

This evening harsquoeacuterev literally means lsquothe eveningrsquo Howeverin the context of designating a particular section of time lsquothersquo comes to mean lsquothisrsquo hence this evening The same constructionis used for other time words

this morning harsquoboacuteker

tonight harsquolaacuteylah

today harsquoyom

this week harsquoshavuacute-a

this month harsquokhoacutedesh

this year harsquoshanah

Exercise 1

You are trying to make an appointment with a colleague and arehaving trouble pinning him down Here are your colleaguersquosanswers What were the questions Once you have worked themout in English try asking them in Hebrew (Check your answerswith the key at the back of the book paying attention to the correctpronunciation of the prepositions)

Example

Are you in the office this morning atah barsquomisrad harsquoboacuteker

Dagger˙permil middotOacutelozmacrbdquo permilmiddotlaquomacr

permildividepermil

permilAacutelaquobdquodivide

permildividemiddotraquoUacute

permilEgravelaquoIgrave

permilIumlEgraveIumlpermil

permilradiclaquomacr

permilpermilUacutemacrmiddot

42

1IumlDagger DaggerEgrave IumlDagger middotOacutelozmacrbdquo permilmiddotlaquomacr

2IumlDagger DaggerEgrave IumlDagger middotUacuteEgrave IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave

3IumlDagger DaggerEgrave middot˜raquoOgrave permildividemiddotraquoUacute

4IumlDagger DaggerEgrave middot˜raquoOgrave IcircIuml permilAacutelaquobdquodivideAcircDaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute

middotEumlEgraveUcirc

5permildividepermil IumlDagger middotEumlraquoAacute hellip ([Irsquom] not sure lo batuacute-akh)

(afterwards akhar kakh)

(all kol)

Possible or not possible efshar or i efshar and the Hebrew infinitive

In Dialogue 1 Peter asks ldquoCan we meetrdquo ndash literally lsquoIs it possibleto meetrsquo efshar lrsquohipagesh

Hebrew uses the same construction as English

lsquois it possiblersquo to + infinitive efshar lrsquo hellip

In the negative it is not possible i efshar

Example

It is possible to meet at three ndash itrsquos not possible to meet at six

efshar lrsquohipagesh brsquoshalosh ndash i efshar lrsquohipagesh brsquoshesh

The Hebrew infinitive begins with lsquotorsquo as in English The vowelattached depends on the verb The rules governing this are toocomplicated for the beginner and it is simpler at this stage to learnhow to pronounce the infinitive form as it is introduced

to see lirsquorot

to write lirsquokhtov

to think larsquokhshov

to visit lersquovaker

to go to walk larsquoleacutekhet IumlIumlIcirc

Iumlmiddot˜macr

IumlAacutedividelaquomiddot

IumlIcirclaquomiddot

IumlDaggerlaquo

)DaggerEgrave( DaggerUgravedividemacr hellip

Iuml

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide middot 003 ndash DaggerEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide middot 006

DaggerEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacr

DaggerUgravedividemacr + Iumlhellip


DaggerEgraveDaggerUgravedividemacrDaggerUgravedividemacr1111

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

43

Exercise 2

Match the phrases in column A with those in column B to sort outthese jumbled Hebrew sentences

New vocabulary

movie seacuteret (m)

fax faks (m)

in silence brsquosheacuteket

Dialogue 2

Peter is out in the street and realizes that he has forgotten Mayarsquosoffice address Pen and paper at the ready he rings her again on hismobile phone and she gives him the information

middotdivide˜Euml

UgraveOgrave

OgraveEuml

BA

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlDaggerlaquomiddot˜Egraveradicraquoı middotEgravelozDaggerIuml

DaggerUgravedividemacr Iumlmiddot˜macrmiddotdivide˜Euml middotmiddot˜dividepermil

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlIcirclaquomiddotOgraveEuml permilUacutemacrmiddot

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlIumlIcircUgraveOgrave radicAacutebdquomacr middotOacuteIumllaquoOcirc

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlAacutedividemiddotIumlOgraveraquonotOacutemacrEuml

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEcircpermil divideraquomiddot DaggerEgrave Oacutepermil permilIcirclaquomiddot˙ divideIumlIacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDagger˙permil laquobdquo middotIumlEgrave Icirclaquomiddot˙ DaggerEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide Dagger˙permil Icirclaquomiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIcircOcirc DaggerEgrave Icirclaquomiddot

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilmacrAacutelaquomiddot middotOcirc EgravepermilAcircbdquopermil OacuteOgraveUgravemacr 02 )UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave(

AcircDaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ divideDagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave OacuteOgraveUgravemacr 3 )Iumllaquo(

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr˙laquobdquopermil macrmiddotpermil permilOacutelozmacrbdquo macrAacutelaquo Oacutepermil˙Aacutepermil

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIumlDagger Ecircpermil OacuteDaggerbdquo macrlaquomiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquoUgraveEgrave Iumlpermil˙Daggerlaquo middotEgraveEgrave

44

piter zeh shuv ani mah harsquoktoacutevet shelakhmaya atah tsodek bli ktoacutevet i efshar lrsquohipagesh

atah kotevpiter ken ani kotev maya rekhov ben yehudah mispar 20 (esrim) vrsquoani

khosheacutevet shersquoatah tsarikh oacutetobus mispar 3(shalosh)

piter todah rabah harsquomisrad rakhok mersquoharsquotakhanahmaya lo zeh me-od karovpiter yofi lrsquohitra-ot bay

PETER Itrsquos me again whatrsquos your addressMAYA Yoursquore right without an address we canrsquot (lit lsquoitrsquos not

possible torsquo) meet Are you writingPETER Yes Irsquom writingMAYA Ben Yehuda Street number 20 and I think (that) you need

bus number 3PETER Many thanks Is the office far from the bus stopMAYA No itrsquos very nearPETER Great See you bye

Vocabulary

again shuvaddress ktoacutevet (f)write(s) kotevis right tsodekwithout blishe thinks khosheacutevetthat shersquo(to be) need(ing) tsarikh (m)tsrikhah (f)many thanks todah rabah number mispar (m)twenty (20) esrimthree (3) shaloshfar rakhokstop (bus stop) takhanahvery me-odnear karov

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

45

divideraquomiddot

Icirclaquomiddot˙

Icirclaquomiddot

ˆlaquobdquo

middotIumlEgrave

Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙

dividehellip

ˆmacrEgraveIacutemacrEgraveIcircpermil

˙laquobdquopermil macrmiddotpermil

OacuteOgraveUgravemacr

UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave

divideIumllaquodivide

macrAacutelaquo

˙Aacutepermil

OacuteDaggerbdquo

˜macrlaquomiddot

Language points

Tsarikh

Tsarikh strictly speaking is an adjective (with m and f forms)but is best translated in English by the verb lsquoto needrsquo Like above it can also be followed by an infinitive

You need a bus atah tsarikh otobus

You (f) need to travel at tsrikhah lirsquonsoacute-a

In the negative just add lsquonotrsquo lo

You do not need to walk it is possible to go by bus

lo tsarikh larsquoleacutekhet barsquoreacutegel ndash efshar linsoacute-a brsquooacutetobus

Shersquohellip ndash that who which

The prefix shersquohellip joins two parts of a sentence together It isboth the conjunction lsquothatrsquo as in

lsquoI think that it is farrsquo ani khoshev shersquozeh rakhok

and the relative pronouns lsquowhorsquo and lsquowhichrsquo as in

The address which I am writing down is in Tel Aviv

harsquoktovet shersquoani kotev hi brsquotel-aviv

The journalist who is speaking on the phone is visiting thekibbutz

harsquoitonay shersquomedaber barsquoteacutelefon mevaker barsquokibuts

permilUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave divideOacutebdquomiddotmacr middotEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc Oacutemiddot˜macr middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı

permilIcirclaquomiddot˙ divideDaggerEgrave Icirclaquomiddot permilEgraveDagger middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot divideEcircpermil macrAacutelaquo

dividehellip

dividehellip

IumlDagger macrEgraveIacute IumlIumlIcirc middotmacrsbquoIuml ndash DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlOgravelaquoUacute middotDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

IumlDagger

Dagger˙ macrEgraveIcircpermil IumlOgravelaquoUacute

Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute DaggerlaquoEumllaquoradicraquoOgrave

DaggerUgravemacrˆmacrEgraveIacute

ˆmacrEgraveIacute

46

Remember that shersquohellip never stands alone but always attachesitself to the word it precedes just like the other inseparables wehave come across We have again used an apostrophe in ourtransliteration to indicate that it is a prefix (There is another formof the relative pronoun which is a separate word ndash asher ndashbut is not as commonly used in colloquial Hebrew)

NB English can drop the conjunction or pronoun lsquoI think itrsquos farrsquolsquothe journalist speaking on the phonersquo Hebrew must use hellip ani khoshev shersquozeh rakhok harsquoitonay shersquomedaber barsquoteacutelefon

Roots the Hebrew verb and the present tense

The Hebrew verb (poacute-al) (is formed from a root (shoacuteresh) consisting in most cases of three letters (although some have

four) This root gives the basic idea of the verb which is givenmore specific meaning when vowels prefixes and suffixes areadded These additions follow a number of patterns expressingtense mood and voice

The idea of the root is an important concept to hang on to sincemeaning in Hebrew as in other Semitic languages is embedded inthe root letters Once you recognize a root you will be able tomake a good guess as to the meaning not only of verbs but alsoof other Hebrew words built with them Effective guessing apartfrom being fun is an extremely helpful skill when learning alanguage

Verbs fall into groups depending on which (three or four) lettersmake up the root Once you know to which group a verb belongsyou will be able to follow the patterns typical of that group

Letrsquos look at the verb lsquoto writersquo lirsquokhtov It belongs to Group 1 In Dialogue 2 Maya asks Peter lsquoAre you writingrsquo atahkotev The root letters of this verb are Theyconvey the general meaning of something to do with writing Noticethese three root letters embedded in the words for lsquoletterrsquo mikhtav

and for the noun lsquowritingrsquo ktivah IcircEgravemiddotpermilOacuteIcircmiddot

Icirc--middotDagger˙permil Icirclaquomiddot


dividedivideUgraveUacuteIuml

permilUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave divideOacutebdquomiddotmacr middotEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcircDaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot divideEcircpermil macrAacutelaquo

divide

Daggerdividemacr

dividehellip11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

47

Notice also the addition of for the infinitiveThe table below shows how the Present tense is formed from

the root letters

Root Infinitive To write lirsquokhtov

kotev Masculine singular (I you he)

koteacutevet Feminine singular (I you she)

kotvim Masculine plural (we you they)

kotvot Feminine plural (we you they)

The verb has four forms in the present tense and agrees in genderand number with its subject We have emphasized the pattern byhighlighting the vowel pattern in the transliteration column above

The use of the present tense

As in English the present tense can be used in many ways It candescribe what you are doing or are in the process of doing at themoment

I am writing a letter ani kotev mikhtav

Or what you are doing in general

Peter works in the museum piter oved barsquomuzeon

It can also be used to describe what you are going to do in thenear future

We are going to a movie this evening anaacutekhnu holkhim lrsquoseacuteret harsquoeacuterev

Exercise 3

Conjugation practice

The verb to think larsquokhshov follows the same pattern asthe verb

The root is Can you complete the table below Aacute--middotIcirc--middot

IumlAacute˘laquomiddot

DaggerAacuteraquo permillaquoIumlIcircEgraveIgrave IumlOgraveEuml permilUacutemacrmiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo middotOacuteraquoEcircDaggerlaquoOcirc

DaggerEgrave Icirclaquomiddot OacuteIcircmiddot

DaggerAacuteraquoDagger˙OcircpermilOcircIcirclaquomiddotlaquo

DaggerAacuteraquoDagger˙IgravepermilIgraveIcirclaquomiddotEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgraveDagger˙permilEgraveDaggerIcirclaquomiddot˙

DaggerEgraveDagger˙permilpermilraquoDaggerIcirclaquomiddot

IumlIcirclaquomiddotIcirc--middot

Iuml

48

Root Infinitive To think larsquokhshov

khoshev Masculine singular

khosheacutevet Feminine singular

khoshvim Masculine plural

khoshvot Feminine plural

The verbs lsquoworksrsquo oved (root ) lsquolearnsrsquo lomed(root ) and lsquogoes walksrsquo kholekh are also inthis group

Exercise 4

Change into the plural

Exercise 5

Insert the missing verbs to complete the captions

1

2

3

4OgraveDaggerIumlEgrave _______ˆrsquo middotmiddot

AcircEgraveEumllaquo _______middotAacuteraquo

lozmacrpermil AcircAacutepermil _______UacutemiddotmacrEgrave

EumlIumlEgravepermil _______middotmacrIcircmiddot˙

)permil-Iuml-Icirc( permillaquoIumlIacuteIuml-Oacute-bdquoIumllaquoOacutebdquoUacute-middot-bdquoUacutelaquomiddotbdquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcirc_______

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgrave_______

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerAacutelaquomiddot˙

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDagger_______

IumlAacute˘laquomiddotAacute--middot11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

49

permilraquoDagger Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo- permilIgrave hellip

permilEgraveDagger Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo- permilOcirc hellip

DaggerEgrave Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo- DaggerAacuteraquo hellip

Dagger˙permil IumllaquoOacutebdquo- Dagger˙Igrave hellip

Dagger˙ IumllaquoOacutebdquo- Dagger˙Ocirc hellip

1

2

3

4

Dialogue 3

Peter is in the street looking for the bus to take him to Mayarsquos office

piter slikhah adoni eyfoh oacutetobus mispar 3 (shalosh)ani rotseh linsoacute-a lirsquorkhov ben yehuacutedah

ish barsquorkhov aval atah lo tsarikh oacutetobus mispar 3 (shalosh)atah tsarikh mispar 9 (teacutesha)

piter brsquoseacuteder eyfoh oacutetobus mispar 9 (teacutesha)harsquoish atah ro-eh takhanah sham mul harsquosupermarket

zot harsquotakhanahpiter todah vrsquoeyfoh efshar lirsquoknot kartisharsquoish zeh brsquoseacuteder efshar lirsquoknot kartis barsquooacutetobuspiter todah rabah shalom

PETER Excuse me sir where is bus number 3 I want to goto Ben Yehuda Street

A MAN IN But you donrsquot need bus number 3 you needTHE STREET number 9

PETER All right where is bus number 9

THE MAN Do you see a bus stop over there opposite thesupermarket Thatrsquos the stop

PETER Thank you and where (lit lsquois it possible torsquo) can onebuy a ticket

THE MAN Itrsquos OK You can buy a ticket on the bus

PETER Many thanks shalom

50

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermil DaggerbdquoAcircEgrave DaggerEgraveUgravepermil DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave OacuteOgraveUgravemacr divideIumllaquodivide)3(

DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumlOgravelaquoUacute IumlmacrAacutelaquomiddot middotOcirc-Egravepermilraquobdquopermil

DaggerEgravedivide middotmacrAacuteAcircmiddotDaggermiddotIuml Dagger˙permil IumlDagger macrEgraveIacute DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave OacuteOgraveUgravemacr divideIumllaquodivide

Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute OacuteOgraveUgravemacr divideUacute )9(

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrmiddotOgravebdquomacr DaggerEgraveUgravepermil DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave OacuteOgraveUgravemacr 9

permilDaggerEgravedivideDagger˙permil macrlaquoDaggerpermil Aacutepermil divideIgrave OacuteraquoIuml permilOgraveraquoUgraveOacutemacrEuml EcircDagger˙ permil˙Aacutepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr˙laquobdquopermil AcircDaggerEgraveUgravepermil DaggerUgravedividemacr Iumllaquo IcircEumlEgraveOgrave

permilDaggerEgravedivideEcircpermil middotOgravebdquomacr DaggerUgravedividemacr Iumllaquo IcircEumlEgraveOgrave middotDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr˙laquobdquopermil macrmiddotpermil divideIumllaquoIgrave

Vocabulary

sir adoni

to go to travel lirsquonsoacute-a

(he) sees ro-eh

there over there sham

opposite mul

to buy lirsquoknot

ticket kartis (m)

Language points

Cardinal numbers 1ndash10

Numbers in Hebrew have masculine and feminine forms Whencounting giving a telephone number a bus or street number ortelling the time the feminine form is used Here are the numbers

Feminine Masculine0 eacutefes eacutefes

1 akhat ekhad

2 shtaacuteyim shnaacuteyim

3 shalosh shloshah

4 aacuterba arba-ah

5 khamesh khamishah

6 shesh shishah

7 sheacuteva shiv-ah

8 shmoacuteneh shmonah

9 teacutesha tish-ah

10 eacuteser asarah111111111111111111111111111

shtey (f) and shney (m) are used when accompanyingnouns

divideEgravedivide˙Egrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

51

DaggerbdquolaquoEgrave

IumlOgravelaquoUacute

macrlaquoDaggerpermil

divideIgrave

OacuteraquoIuml

Iumllaquo

IcircEumlEgraveOgrave

DaggerUgraveOgrave

DaggerAacute˙

divide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave


DaggermacrradicUacute

AacuteOacutedivide

dividedivide

dividemiddotUacute

divideOacutelaquopermil

˙divideUacute

Uacutelozmacr

DaggerUgraveOgrave

DaggerAacutebdquo

divideEgraveEgraveIgrave

divideIumllaquodividepermil

DaggermacrmiddotUacutepermil

AacuteOacuteEgravedividepermil

divideEgravedividepermil

dividemiddotUacutepermil


˙divideUacutepermil

Uacutelozmacrpermil

Example

2 books shney sfarim

Exercise 6

Read the following telephone numbers (Remember to use thefeminine form)

00972 ndash 3 ndash 425 ndash 7496 0044 ndash 207 ndash 365 ndash 816002 ndash 307 ndash 9581

Exercise 7

Give the answers to these simple sums

More verbs in the present tense ndash changesin pattern

Look at the verbs ndash from right to left ndash lsquoto buyrsquo lsquoto seersquo lsquoto wantrsquolsquoto makersquo

These verbs are also part of Group 1 but conjugate slightly differ-ently because the last letter of the root is Notice that the hasbeen dropped in the infinitive The table on the next page shows you how to conjugate these verbsin the present tense

permilpermil

Iumllaquo )--permil( IumlDaggerlaquo )-Dagger-permil( Iumlmacrˆlaquo )--permil( IumlUacutelozlaquo )Uacute-loz-permil(

divideEgrave OgraveUgravemacrEgraveIgrave

52

divide˙EgraveIgrave + divideIumllaquodivide=

dividedivide+ DaggermacrradicUacute =

divideOacutelaquopermil + DaggerAacute˙ =

AacuteOacutedivide+ DaggerUgraveOgrave =

Root Infinitive To want lirsquortsot

rotseh Masculine singular

rotsah Feminine singular

rotsim Masculine plural

rotsot Feminine plural

Exercise 8

Letrsquos revise Give the correct form of the verb

Exercise 9

Can you unscramble the sentences below to make sense of thesetwo short dialogues Check your answers in the answer section

New vocabulary

computer makhshev(m) OacuteAacute˘middot

Iumlmacrˆlaquomacr--permil11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

53

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDagger

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgrave

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcirc

macrlaquopermil

macrlaquopermil

macrlaquoEgraveIgrave

macrlaquolaquo

1permilIgrave )Icirc--middot(2permilEgraveDagger )Aacute-divide-middot(3DaggerAacuteraquo IumlDagger )--permil(

4Dagger˙Igrave )-Dagger-permil(5Dagger˙permil )Aacute-divide-middot(6permilOcirc )--permil(

7Dagger˙Ocirc )--permil(8Dagger˙ IumlDagger )--permil(9permilraquoDagger IumlDagger )-Dagger-permil(

1

ndash DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteAacutelozmiddot Iumllaquo macrlaquoEgraveIgrave middotmiddot˜dividepermil

ndash macrlaquoEgraveIgrave OacuteAacutedividemiddot IumlmiddotEgrave Dagger˙Igrave Daggerlaquo IumlOacutelozmacrbdquo

ndash IumlmiddotEgrave middotmiddot˜dividepermil UacutelaquomiddotbdquoEgraveIgrave middotmiddotEgrave DaggerAacuteraquo

2

ndash Dagger˙ Oacutepermil Uacutelaquolozpermil

ndash DaggerEgrave OacuteIcircmiddot IumlAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlEgrave Icirclaquomiddot˙

ndash AcircOacutepermil Uacutelaquolozpermil Dagger˙permil

ndash middotEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc DaggerEgrave Oacutebdquomiddotmacr AcircAacutelaquodividemiddot Oacutepermil permilUacutemacrmiddot IumlUacutelozlaquo

Exercise 10

True or false

Hannah is on the phone to her mother (iacutema ) who wants toknow exactly what she is doing today Read the dialogue and thendecide whether the statements below are true or false

New vocabulary

afterwards akhar kakh

True or false

1 Hannahrsquos mother is calling her before 9 am

2 Hannah is planning to meet Natalie and Bill

3 They are planning to go to the university

4 Hannah has tickets for a Perlman concert

5 Her mother wants to come for a visit

6 Hannah suggests she comes at seven

Daggerpermilmacr Icircmacr

DaggerOacuteDagger

54

DaggerOacuteDaggerOacutepermil Dagger˙ Uacutelaquolozpermil permilEgravelaquoIgrave

AacutepermilDaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide UacuteIgrave EumlIumlEgrave AcircmiddotEgraveIuml

DaggerOacuteDaggerOacutepermil permilIgrave middotEgravelozDaggerIuml

AacutepermilIcircOcirc permilIgrave IumllaquoOacutebdquoEgraveIgrave middotDaggerraquoEgravemiddotOgraveEgraveEumlpermil middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot DaggerAacuteraquo

macrlaquoEgraveIgrave IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide middotOacuteraquoEcircDaggerlaquoOcirc middot˙divideUacute permilmiddotlaquomacr

DaggerOacuteDaggerOacutepermil Dagger˙ Uacutelaquolozpermil DaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute

AacutepermilDaggerEgrave permillaquoIumlIcirc IumlUacuteEgrave Iumllaquo IcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgraveIgrave IumllaquoEuml divideIuml UgravemacrIumlOacuteOcirc

DaggerOacuteDaggerDagger˙ middotmiddotEgrave permilUacutemacrmiddot middotdividemiddotUacute DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil Iumlmiddot˜macr

AacutepermilIumlDagger middotdividemiddotUacute DaggerEgrave permillaquoIumlIcirc IumlAacutemiddotmacrpermil DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave divideraquomiddot middotmiddotEgrave middot˙divideUacute

4

Itrsquos a verypopular restaurant


bull how to order a meal and talk about foodbull more verbs in Group 1bull the particle etbull nouns in the pluralbull adjectives and how to use thembull there isthere isnrsquot yesheyn

Dialogue 1

Peter and Maya have chosen a popular restaurant on Tel Avivrsquosbusy Dizengoff Street They ask for a table and then look at themenu Read the dialogue can you say what dish Peter is lookingforward to And what do we learn about Mayarsquos eating habits

EgraveDaggerEgraveOcirc

Dagger˙

EcircDagger˙ OacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil OacuteDaggerlaquobdquoUgravelaquoUgraveraquoIumlmacrEgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

OacuteIumlˆmacrUacutemacrmiddot EumlAcircmiddot

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilUacutemacrmiddot EumlAcircmiddot DaggerAacuteAcirc macrAcircEgraveIgrave divideraquoIumlAacuteOcirc middotmiddot˜dividepermil

OacuteIumlˆmacrDagger˙Igrave macrlaquoEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permildivideraquoIumlAacuteOcirc UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilAacuteIumlAcircOcirc

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc radicOgravebdquomacr sbquoOacuteAcirc Acircbdquopermil

OacuteIumlˆmacrOacutepermil Dagger˙Igrave dividelaquoEgraveIgrave permilUacutemacrmiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgraveEgraveOcirc AcircOacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteEgraveIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave middotmiddot˜dividepermil

OacuteIumlˆmacrpermilpermil permil˙UgravemacrEgraveEuml

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgraveAcircUgraveEgrave Egravedivide Ugravepermil AacuteAcircOacuteAcircOgrave AcircOgraveIumlEuml AacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgrave DaggerEgrave DaggerAcircpermilmiddot AacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgrave

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilAcircEgravedivide sbquoIgrave UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquolaquo EumlAcircmiddot OacuteDaggerAcircbdquo IcircEgrave DaggerEgrave IumlDagger DaggerAcircIcircIuml middotlozmacr

AcircbdquosbquoEgraveIgrave DaggerEgrave OacuteAacuteAcircEgrave

meltsar eacuterev tovmaya eacuterev tov anaacutekhnu rotsim shulkhan brsquovakashahmeltsar atem rotsim et harsquoshulkhan al yad harsquokhalonmaya ken brsquoseacuteder gamur todahmeltsar mah atem shotim harsquoeacuterevpiter yayin vrsquomaacuteyim mineraacutelim brsquovakashahmeltsar hineh harsquotafritpiter yoacutefi yesh poh khuacutemus vrsquosalat-khatsilim ani ohev

khatsilimmaya yesh poh gam pashtidot tov me-od ki ani lo okheacutelet

basar vrsquodagim ani tsimkhonit

WAITER Good eveningMAYA Good evening we would like a table pleaseWAITER Would you like the table by the windowMAYA Yes [thatrsquoll be] absolutely fine thank youWAITER What are you drinking this eveningPETER Wine and mineral water pleaseWAITER Here is the menuPETER Great Therersquos humous and aubergine salad

I like auberginesMAYA There are also quiches Thatrsquos very good because I donrsquot

eat meat and fish Irsquom vegetarian

Vocabulary restaurant mis-adah (f)waiter meltsar (-it f)table shulkhan (m)ndash etnext to near al yadwindow khalon (m)drink shotim (G1)wine yaacuteyin (m)water maacuteyim (m pl)mineral water maacuteyim mineraacutelimhere is hinehmenu tafrit (m)there is yeshaubergines khatsilim (m pl)likes loves ohev(-et)quiche pashtidah (f)because kieats okheacutel(-et)meat basar (m)

56

OacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermilOacuteIumlˆmacrOacuteIumlˆmacrEgravedivideraquoIumlAacuteOcirc Dagger˙UacuteIuml EgravebdquoAacuteIumlAcircOcirc divide∆rsaquolaquoEgraveIgrave )divide--permil( EgraveEgraveOcircOacuteEgraveIgrave)OacuteEgraveIgrave( OacuteEgraveIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave permilpermil˙UgravemacrEgraveEumlEgravedivideAacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgraveDaggerlaquopermilmiddot)( )Dagger-permil-middot(UgravelozEumlEgravebdquopermilIcircEgraveDaggerlaquoIcircIuml)( )Dagger-Icirc-Iuml(middotlozmacr

fish dag (m)vegetarian tsimkhoni(-t f)

Cultural note The verb is commonly used for the polite form lsquowould likersquoas well as for the more direct lsquowantrsquo Hebrew often makes nodistinction here (This could be why Israelis may sometimes seema little blunt in their requests ndash they are translating straight fromHebrewhellip ) However the form lsquoI would likersquo hayiti rotsehrotsah

is also widely used especially in more formal settings

Language points

Roots with guttural letters

It may be helpful at this stage to note that there are a few lettersin the Hebrew alphabet which tend to sabotage the normal patternof sounds mainly to ease pronunciation Some of these letters arethe gutturals often referred to as the lsquothroaty fiversquo since they wereall at some point sounded in the throat

No need to worry unduly since if you follow the verbrsquos basicpattern you will be understood However we will point out theirregularities as they crop up

In Dialogue 1 we have the verb lsquolovesrsquo ohev from the root which contains guttural letters In the plural forms the

would be difficult to pronounce without the following vowel adjust-ments

ohavot ohavim ohevet ohev

The particle et

A direct object answers the question lsquowhatrsquo or lsquowhomrsquo in asentence ldquoWhat are you writing Irsquom writing a letterrdquo ldquoWhom doyou see I see a waiterrdquo

Direct objects are indefinite (a waiter a letter) or definite (thewaiter) In Hebrew a definite direct object must always be precededby the particle et Dagger˙

Dagger˙

DaggerlaquopermilmiddotDaggerlaquopermilmiddot˙DaggerlaquopermilmiddotEgraveIgraveDaggerlaquopermilmiddotlaquo

permilDagger-permil-middotDaggerlaquopermilmiddot

Dagger permil Aacute Uacute

permilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrlaquopermil

macrAcircpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

57

bdquosbquoÔacuteAacuteAcircEgrave)(

I see a waiter ani ro-eh meltsarI see the waiter ani ro-eh et harsquomeltsar

Since proper nouns are by nature definite they too are precededby

I see Avital ani ro-eh et avital

The particle is never translated it is simply a marker signallingthe definite direct object

Exercise 1

When would you use the particle et

(barsquointernet)

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences below using the correct form of the verbs(the root letters are given in brackets) You must also decidewhether or not to insert the particle Dagger˙

Dagger˙

Dagger˙

DaggerEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil Dagger˙ DaggermiddotEgraveEumlIuml

Dagger˙

DaggerEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil Dagger˙ permilOacuteIumlˆmacrDaggerEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil OacuteIumlˆmacr

58

UgraveEgravepermil

permilIcircEumlEgraveOgrave IumllaquoEuml

OgravebdquoAcircAcircEgraveı middot˜UgraveEumlmacrEgravepermil

permilmiddotEgrave middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot middotOcirc sbquoraquoEgravelaquoOcirc

permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc middotDaggerEgraveEumlmacrEuml

macrAacuteIuml laquopermil )Dagger˙(

1Aacutepermil )--permil( __ permil UacuteIgrave AacuteIumlmiddot

2bdquoIumlEgravepermil )Dagger-permil-middot( __ permilOacuteIumlˆmacr

3UgraveEgraveEumlmacr )-Dagger-permil( __ Oacutemacr middotOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

4middotOcirc )Dagger-Icirc-Iuml( __ AacuteraquoOacuteraquoOgrave middotUgraveEgravepermil

5notEgraveEumlmacr AcircOacuteDaggerEgravepermil )--permil( __ EgraveEgraveOcirc

6˙Oacutemacr Acircmacrpermil IumlDagger )Dagger-permil-middot( __ permilOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

7OacutemacrEgraveIgrave IumlDagger )--permil( __ EgraveEgraveOcirc DaggerAcirc Ugravepermil

8lozmacrpermil AcircOacuteDaggerEgravepermil )-Dagger-permil( __ permilOacuteIumlˆmacr UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilDaggerAcircEumlAcircmiddotAcircOgrave

Nouns in the plural

Plurals are generally formed with the ending -im for masculinenouns and -ot for feminine nouns

Exercise 3

Can you fill in the missing singular or plural form of the nounsyou have already learnt Check your answers with the key Noticethe feminine ending lsquoutrsquo becomes lsquouyotrsquo in the plural

Exceptions

There are no rules without exceptions and the rules governingplurals are no exception Some nouns take a masculine pluralending but are in fact feminine nouns and vice versa

Hotel is a masculine noun but its plural is melonot which has a feminine plural ending

The plural for egg beytsah is beytsim ndash a masculine-type ending despite the fact that it is a feminine noun

This is an important point to remember since verbs in the presenttense (and as you will see further on in the unit adjectives) agreewith the gender of a noun despite irregular endings

middotEgraveEgraveIgravemiddotEgravepermil

OacuteIumllaquolaquoOacuteIumllaquoOcirc

raquoEgravelaquoraquo

laquoEgraveIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

59

UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquolaquo

AacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgrave

OacuteOgraveUacutebdquolaquo

DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgraveEgraveIgrave

˙Aacutelaquo

OacuteOgraveUgravemacrEgraveIgrave

AacuteraquoEgravelaquo

OacuteIumlˆmacr

˙UgravemacrEgraveEuml

OacuteIcircmiddot


˜Egravemiddotraquoı

Plural Singular

From now on the vocabulary lists will include plurals if they areirregular

As with personal pronouns when a plural refers to a mixed groupof people the masculine form is used Together Peter and Mayaare itona-im

Exercise 4

You have invited some people for dinner and go off to the marketto buy some food Here is a list of fruit and vegetables from whichto choose Can you work out the plural Check your answers withthe key at the back of the book (You may find some of the vowelschange with the addition of the plural endings ndash donrsquot worry youwill soon get used to this and will be understood even without thevowel adjustments)

Vegetables yerakot yeacutereklettuce khaacutesah onion batsal tomato agvanyahcarrot geacutezer lemon limon cucumber melafefonpepper pilpel mushroom pitriyah

Fruit peyrot pri

apple tapuacuteakh orange tapuz grape enavpear agas banana banaacutenah

kilogram (kilo- very colloquial) (of)

Exercise 5You are now ready to order and read out your shopping list(below) to the stallholder

Remember that numbers in Hebrew have masculine and femi-nine forms (see list on p 51) your choice of which to use willdepend on the gender of the noun to which the number is attachedNote that when used with a noun the number 2 becomesshtey(f)shny(m) instead of shtayim(f)shnayim(m)

1 lettuce 4 peppers 5 cucumbers 2 kilos (of) grapes a kilo(of) oranges 8 lemons 6 tomatoes 10 eggs 2 onions 9 pears7 carrots 2 bananas

˘˙EgraveEgraveIgrave divideEgraveEgraveIgravedivide˙Egrave divideEgrave

˜EgraveIumllaquosbquoIgrave )EgraveIumllaquo(

middotpermilDaggersbquoOgrave

Uacutemiddot˙UgraveraquoEcirc˙UgraveraquoAacute

UgravemacrEgraveUgraveEgravelaquo

UgraveEumlmacrEgravepermilUgraveIumlUgraveIuml

OacuteIumlUgraveUgravelaquoOcircIumlEgraveOacutelaquoOcircsbquoEcirc

UacutesbquomiddotEgraveEgravepermilmiddotÎumlAacuteOgravepermil

Egrave˜Egrave˜laquo

UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave

60

one akhatekhad unlike other numbers follows thenoun it quantifies

Dialogue 2

Back in the restaurant with Peter and Maya What alternative dishesdoes the waiter offer Peter and Maya What excuse does he give forthe dwindling menu

meltsar mukhanim lrsquohazminmaya ken ndash efshar lersquokabel marak geacutezer krsquomanah rishonah

brsquovakashahmeltsar vrsquoatah adonipiter salat khatsilim brsquovakashahmeltsar ani mitsta-er eyn yoter khatsilim aval yesh salat yevanipiter oi khaval efshar lrsquohazmin shrimpsmeltsar lo ani mitsta-er zot mis-adah ksherahpiter oi slikhahhellipulay yesh tuacutena triyah o dag forel brsquopitriyot

DaggerAacutebdquoDaggerAacute˙11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

OacuteIumlˆmacrOacuteAcircIcircEgraveIgrave IumlpermilEcircOacuteEgraveOcirc

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlmiddotIuml Oacutemacr sbquoEcirc IcircOacutepermil DaggerdivideAcircpermil middotmiddot˜dividepermil

OacuteIumlˆmacrAcircDagger˙permil DaggerbdquoAcircEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOgraveIumlEuml AacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgrave middotmiddot˜dividepermil

OacuteIumlˆmacrDaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr DaggerEgraveOcirc EgraveAcircmacr AacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide OgraveIumlEuml EgravefiAcircAcircEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerAcircEgrave AacutemiddotIuml DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEcircOacuteEgraveOcirc dividemacrEgraveOacuteUgraveOgrave

OacuteIumlˆmacrIumlDagger DaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr EcircDagger˙ OacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil Icircdividemacrpermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerlaquoEgrave OgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermil DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Egravedivide EumlAcircpermil EumlmacrEgravepermil DaggerAcirc bdquosbquo UgraveAcircIuml middotUgraveEumlmacrEgraveAcirc

OacuteIumlˆmacrIumlDagger DaggerEgrave radicDaggerOacute˙ OacuteÊumlUacutemacr DaggerEgraveOcirc Eumlraquopermil AcircUgravelaquoIuml Oacutepermil middotdividemiddotEgraveIuml

permilsbquomiddotmacr

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEgravedivide UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquopermil middotUgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquo IcircOacutepermil UacuteEgravemacrEgrave

OacuteIumlˆmacrIumlDagger DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide UacuteAcircUcirc middotUgraveEumlmacrEgraveAcirc

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave OacuteAacuteAcircEgravehellip

OacuteIumlˆmacrOacutepermil IumlUacutelozAcirc DaggerAacuteAcirc OacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo UgraveAcircUgraveAcircIumlmacrEgravehellip

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveOcirc bdquomiddotmacr DaggerAacuteAcirc permilAcircIumlIcircEgraveIgrave IumlOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil notAacuteAcirc

UgraveAcircUgraveAcircIumlmacrEgrave

(Getting up)

(Shrugging his shoulders)

61

meltsar lo ani brsquoemet mitsta-er eyn tunah vrsquoforel mah bishvilharsquogveacuteret

maya yesh pashtidah brsquopitriyot krsquomanah ikaritmeltsar lo aval yesh of brsquopitriyotmaya aval ani tsimkhonit hellipmeltsar ma larsquoasot anaacutekhnu mis-adah me-od populaacuterit hellippiter eyn davar anaacutekhnu holkhim lrsquomis-adah pakhot

populaacuterit

WAITER Are you ready to orderMAYA Yes ndash can I have carrot soup to start with (lit lsquoas a first

coursersquo) pleaseWAITER And [for] you sirPETER Aubergine salad pleaseWAITER Irsquom sorry there are no more aubergines but therersquos a Greek

saladPETER Oh What a shame Can I order shrimpsWAITER No Irsquom sorry this is a kosher restaurantPETER Oh sorryhellip Is there perhaps some fresh tuna or trout with

mushroomsWAITER No Irsquom really sorry therersquos no tuna or trout What [can I

get] for the lady MAYA Is there any mushroom quiche as a main courseWAITER No but therersquos chicken with mushroomsMAYA But Irsquom vegetarianhellipWAITER (Shrugging his shoulders) What can I do (lit what to do)

We are a very popular restauranthellipPETER (Getting up) Never mind wersquore going to a less popular

restaurant

Vocabulary

ready mukhanim (mpl)

to order lrsquohazmin

(carrot) soup marak (m)(gezer)

first course manah rishonah (f)

sorry mitsta-er

there is no more eyn yoter

Greek yevani(-t f)

what a shame khaval

62

OacuteAcircIcircEgraveIgrave

IumlpermilEcircOacuteEgraveOcirc

Oacutemacr )sbquoEcirc(

Oacutepermil Dagger˘Acircpermil

OacuteÊumlUacutemacr

DaggerEgraveOcirc EgraveAcircmacr

EgraveAcircAcircEgrave)(

AacutemiddotIuml

kosher kasher(ksherah f)

perhaps ulay

tuna tuacutena (f)

fresh tari(triyah f)

trout forel

mushroom pitriyah (f)

really (lit lsquoin truthrsquo) brsquoemet

for bishvil

as krsquohellip

main course manah ikarit (f)

chicken of (m)

what can I do mah larsquoasot

(lit lsquowhat to dorsquo)

never mind eyn davar

less pakhot

popular polpulaacuteri(-t f)

Cultural note

Food is kosher if it adheres to the Jewish dietary laws The mostwell known of these are the prohibitions against eating pork andshellfish the ritual slaughter of animals that can be eaten and theprohibition against mixing meat and milk in a single meal Mostrestaurants in Israel are kosher but there are a growing number ofestablishments which do not comply with the religious laws

Language points

AdjectivesAn adjective is a word which describes a noun In Hebrew theadjective follows the noun it describes and agrees with it in genderand number

OacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil Icircdividemacrpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

63

Icircdividemacr)permil(

DaggerraquoIumlEgrave

EumlAcircpermil

EumlmacrEgrave)EumlmacrEgraveEgravepermil(

UgraveAcircIuml

UgraveEumlmacrEgravepermil

middotDaggerOacute˙

middotmiddotEgraveIuml

Icirchellip

Oacutepermil UacuteEgravemacrEgrave

UacuteAcircUcirc

Oacutepermil IumlUacuteAcirc

DaggerEgraveOcirc bdquomiddotmacr

notAacuteAcirc

UgraveAcircUgraveAcircIumlmacrEgrave)(

In order to agree with a noun the Hebrew adjective has four formsmasculine feminine singular and plural The two most commonfeminine endings are -ah and -it

The plural endings are the same as for nouns -im for themasculine and -ot for the feminine

a good evening eacuterev tov

a good address ktoacutevet tovah

good films sratim tovim

Exercise 6

Here is a list of common adjectives and their opposites We haveleft some of the forms in Hebrew for you to write in The translit-eration will help you (Check with the key)

new khadash khadashah khadashim khadashot

old yashan yeshanah yeshanim yeshanot

big gadol gdolah gdolim gdolot

small katan ktanah ktanim ktanot

hot kham khamah khamim khamot

cold kar karah karim karot

soft rakh rakah rakim rakot

hard kasheh kashah kashim kashot

sweet matok metukah metukim metukot

bitter marh marah marim marot

strong khazak khazakah khazakim khazakot

nicepretty yafeh yafah yafim yafot

tasty ta-im te-imah te-imim te-imot

fresh tari triyah tri-im triyot

OgraveEumlEgraveIgrave EumllaquomiddotEgraveIgrave

Icirclaquomiddot˙ Eumllaquomiddotpermil


laquoEgraveIgrave

Egravepermil

64

Aacutebdquodivide Aacutebdquodividepermil_______ Aacutebdquodividelaquo

EgravedivideOcirc______ EgravedivideEgraveIgrave Egravedividelaquo

sbquobdquolaquoIuml sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermil sbquobdquolaquoIumlEgraveIgrave ____

˜EumlOcirc Eumlpermil______ Eumllaquo

AacuteIgrave AacuteOacutepermil AacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave _______

˜macr_______ macrEgraveIgrave macrlaquo

macrIacute macrIcircpermil_______ macrIcirclaquo

˜dividepermil____ divideEgraveIgrave ˘laquo

Oacute˙laquo Oacute˙raquopermil Oacute˙raquoEgraveIgrave____

Oacutemacr_____ OacutemacrEgraveIgrave Oacutemacrlaquo

AacuteEcirc______ AacuteEcircEgraveIgrave AacuteEcirclaquo

EgraveUgravepermil______ EgraveUgraveEgraveIgrave EgraveUgravelaquo

EumlUacuteEgraveIgrave EumlUacuteEgraveOacutepermil EumlUacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave___

EumlmacrEgrave EumlmacrEgraveEgravepermil______ EumlmacrEgraveEgravelaquo

To ease pronunciation the first syllable of many adjectives isshortened as the various endings are added a can sometimes be a masculine ending Without vowels youneed to rely once again on the context to know if the masculineor feminine is meant

Exercise 7

Pair these nouns off with the adjectives underneath

Exercise 8

Can you describe the following

Adjectives and definite nouns

If a noun is definite its qualifying adjective must also be definiteand must be prefixed with harsquo

kosher restaurants mis-adot ksherot

the kosher restaurants harsquomis-adot harsquoksherot

Without the in front of the adjective the meaning would changeThe phrase would become a complete sentence a noun sentencewhere the verb lsquoto bersquo is implied (see p 27)

the restaurant is kosher

Exercise 9

Which phrase translates the following

tasty apples

a cold night

permilOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil Icircmacrpermil

permilpermilOacuteOgraveUacutebdquoAcirc permilIcircdividemacrAcirc

OacuteOgraveUacutebdquolaquo Icircdividemacrlaquo

permil

permil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

65

1 UacutemiddotEgraveIgrave 2 UacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo 3 UgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo 4 Daggermacrı 5 UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave

6 AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave 7 DaggerOgrave˜EgraveOacutelaquo

EgraveUgravepermil EumlUacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave sbquobdquolaquoIuml Eumlpermil macr macrIcirclaquo EumllaquomiddotEgraveIgrave

permil˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave EumlUacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave permil˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave permilEumlUacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave EumlUacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave

permilIumlEgraveIumlpermil permil˜macr IumlEgraveIumlpermil macr permilIumlEgraveIumlpermil macr

˜Ugravepermil OgravebdquoAcircAcircEgraversquoEgraveIgrave bdquosbquo OacutelozmacrbdquoEgraveIgrave middotEgravepermil middotEgravepermil

the new house

the old buses

the mushrooms are big

yesheyn

Yesh and eyn are two useful words meaning lsquothere isrsquo andlsquothere isnrsquotrsquoFor once in Hebrew you donrsquot need to change anything Thesewords remain the same whether they are referring to one or manyto masculine or feminine

There are tourists in the restaurant yesh tayarim barsquomis-adah

Therersquos no whisky at home eyn viski barsquobaacuteyit

Exercise 10

Uri is a fussy eater His mother looks in the fridge to see what shecan offer him but Uri seems to have his own ideas Pretend youare Urirsquos mother have you got what he wants Complete thedialogue by using the following words

DaggerEgraveOcirc AcircAcircEgraveOgrave˜Egrave middotmiddotEgrave

Egravedivide EgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave middotOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

DaggerEgraveOcircEgravedivide


66

permilmiddotEgrave Aacutebdquodivide permilmiddotEgrave permilAacutebdquodivide middotEgrave Aacutebdquodivide

DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgraveEgraveIgrave EgravedivideEgraveIgrave permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgraveEgraveIgrave EgravedivideEgraveIgrave permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgraveEgraveIgrave permilEgravedivideEgraveIgrave

UgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquo sbquobdquolaquoIumllaquo permilUgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquo permilsbquobdquolaquoIumllaquopermilUgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquo sbquobdquolaquoIumllaquo

New vocabulary

bread leacutekhem (m)

cheese gvinah (f)

white cheese gvinah levanah

butter khem-ah (f)

olives zeytim (mpl)

omelette khavitah (f)

actually brsquoeacutetsem

Cultural note

These are the main meals of the day

breakfast arukhat boacuteker

lunch arukhat tsohoraacuteyim

dinner arukhat eacuterev

As in many Mediterranean countries lunch in Israel is often themain meal of the day rather than supper Schooldays finish aroundlunch time and smaller shops close for a break Children often gohome to eat However this is changing offices tend to work right

Egrave DaggerEgraveOcirc UacutelaquoUcirc dividepermil EgraveÃcirc Iumlmiddotpermil macrIacute Daggerlaquopermilmiddot Dagger˙ Eumlraquopermil11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

67

IumlAacuteIgrave

sbquomiddotEgravepermil

sbquomiddotEgravepermil Iumlmiddotpermil

AacuteOacuteDaggerpermil

EcircEgraveEgraveIgrave

AacutemiddotEgravepermil

middotUacuteÎgrave

DaggerraquoEgraveDaggerOacuteDagger Oacutepermil Egravedivide IumlDaggerIcirclaquoIuml middotmiddotEgrave

DaggerOacuteDaggerEgravedivide 1 EumlmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave IumlOgraveIumlEuml IumlAacuteIgrave sbquomiddotEgravepermil 2

AacuteOacuteDaggerpermil EcircEgraveEgraveIgrave Oacutemacr UacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo Acirchellip

DaggerraquoEgraveDaggerEgrave IumlDagger 3 Oacutemacr DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Egravedivide 4 AcircOgraveUgravesbquoEumlEgrave

DaggerOacuteDagger 5 UacutelaquoUcirc DaggermiddotIuml 6 OgraveUgravesbquoEumlEgrave

DaggerraquoEgraveEgravedivide sbquoIgrave Daggermiddotlaquobdquolaquo 7 AcircEumlAcircpermil

DaggerOacuteDaggerIumlDagger permilDaggermiddotAcircbdquoAcirc 8 DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide 9

DaggerraquoEgrave 01 OgraveEumlEgrave AcircrsquoEgraveUgraveOgrave

DaggerOacuteDaggerIcircOcirc Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil 11 permilOgraveEumlEgrave

DaggerraquoEgraveIumlDagger DaggerEgrave middotUacuteÎgrave macrlaquopermil AacutemiddotEgravepermil OacutedivideIumllaquodivide middotEgraveEgraveIgrave AcircOgraveIumlEumlhellip

DaggermacrAcircAacute˙ radiclaquomacr

DaggermacrAcircAacute˙ permilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

DaggermacrAcircAacute˙ Uacutemacrmiddot

through and many more people take a snack in the middle of theday and eat a cooked meal at supper time

An Israeli breakfast is often a lavish affair especially in Israelihotels and guest houses where guests can look forward to a largearray of dishes Many hotels offer not only the assortment of pastrybreads and rolls (lakhmaniyot ) with jam (ribah ) ofa Continental European breakfast but also more savoury dishescheeses pickles (khamutsim ) and salted fish (dag maluacute-akh ( ) salads and eggs cooked in various ways soft andhard boiled ( ) and scrambled (mekushkashot

) Israel is a melting pot not only of people from many lands but

of the foods they eat You are therefore likely to come across dishesfrom many different culinary traditions at any meal of the day

Exercise 11

Role play

You are in an Israeli restaurant with a friend have a go at orderinga meal from the menu In the recording you will find a dialoguebetween two other patrons of the restaurant

Here are some useful expressions you might want to use

Can Iwe efshar haveorder lrsquokabellrsquohazmin

Do you have yesh lakhem

I prefer (mf) ani marsquoadifmarsquoadifah

I am on a diet ani brsquodieacuteta

I only eat kosher ani okhelokheacutelet rakfood (mf) oacutekhel kasher

not too much lo yoter miday

not too greasy la yoter miday shamen

itrsquos fattening zeh mashmin

enough thank you maspik todah

Oacute˜raquo˜dividelaquomiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave macrIcirclaquodividelaquo

bdquosbquo OacuteIumlraquoAacuteAacuteOacuteraquoEgraveIgrave

macrEgravemiddotpermilIumlAacuteOacuteEgravelaquo

68

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlmiddotIumlIumlpermilEcircOacuteEgraveOcirc

Egravedivide IumlIcircIgrave

DaggerEgrave OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUcircOacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUgravepermil

DaggerEgrave middotbdquoEgraveDaggerEumlpermil

DaggerEgrave DaggerAcircIcircIuml )DaggerAcircIcircIuml(macr DaggerraquoIcircIuml Icircdividemacr

IumlDagger Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave

IumlDagger Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave divideOacuteOcirc

Ecircpermil OacutedivideOacuteEgraveOcirc

OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave laquobdquopermil

Menu

First courses

Main courses

beef

saucegrilled tuna

Vegetarian dishes

broccoli quiche

Desserts

ice creams vanilla strawberry

cheese cake

choice of

Drinks

wines

juicegrapefruit(s)

indicates new words

˙UgravemacrEgraveEuml11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

69

OacuteAcirc Dagger˘AcircAcirc

OgraveIumlEuml AacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgraveOgraveIumlEuml EgraveÃcircOgraveIumlEuml OacuteEgraveAcircEcircbdquosbquo OacuteIumlAcircAacuteAacuteAcircOacuteAcircOgraveDaggermiddotAcircbdquoAcirc

OacuteAcirc UacuteEgravemacrEgraveAcirc

OgraveEumlEgraveEgrave middot˜macrUacuteAcircUcirc middotUgraveEumlmacrEgraveAcircbdquosbquo middotmacrAcircEumlmiddot UacutesbquomiddotEgraveEgraveAcirc notEgraveEumlEgraveEumlAcircpermil middotsbquoEgraveIuml

OacuteAcirc OacuteAacuteAcircEgraveAcirc

macrEgraveEcircAcircEumlAcirc UgraveEumlmacrEgraveAcircIumlEcircEgravepermil divideIuml EgraveÃcirc AcircAacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgravenotEumlEgravebdquo middotmacrAcircAcircIumlEgrave

OacuteAcirc DaggerAacutemacrAcircAcirc

OacuteAcircOgrave divideAcircAcircIumlbdquosbquoIumlEgravebdquolaquoAcircAcircEgraveIuml raquoEgraveIgraveOgraveIumlEuml notEgraveAcircUacuteAcircsbquo sbquomiddotEgravepermildivideEumlmacrAcircbdquoIuml notAcircAacuteEgraveIgrave OacutemiddotAacutemacr sbquomiddotEgraveAcircnotEgraveAcirc EumlmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

divide˙Egravepermil

OacutemiddotAacutemacrEgraveEgraveAcircmiddotEgravepermil OacuteEgraveı UgraveAcircAacuteEgraveIgraveOacuteEgraveı DaggerdivideIcircAcircIumlEgraveAcircOacuteEgraveı UgraveAcircEcircEgraveIgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteEgraveIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave

manot rishonot

mayonez

manot ikariyot

bakar

rotevpikantitunah barsquogril

manot tsimkhoniyot

rizotolasanyahpashtidat brokoli

manot akhronot

musglidot vanil tutim

ugat gvinahshtrudlmivkhar

shtiyah

yeynot

mitseshkoliyot

Exercise 12

Reading comprehension lsquoItrsquos not fairrsquo

Can you say why

Join Maria Gonzales Miss Brazil on her visit to Kibbutz Ein-Gevwhere she meets a kibbutznik at breakfast Slim (razah ) andgorgeous (khatikhah ) she sits (yosheacutevet ) in frontof her plate piled high with food and starts a conversation withher neighbour a short fat (shamen ) man who is staring sadlyat the single small pot of yogurt in front of him

New vocabulary

the dining room khadar harsquooacutekhel (m)

actually daacutevka

mainly brsquoikar

even afiacutelu

divideOacuteOcirc

Egravelaquodividemiddot˙Aacute˙EgraveIcircpermilmacrEcircpermil

Ecircpermil IumlDagger Ugravemacr

70

Aacutebdquomacr permilDaggerlaquoIcircIuml

bdquoAcircAcircDagger

middotUacuteEgravemacr

DaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquo

OacutemacrEgravepermil sbquolaquoEcircIumlOgrave OacuteEgraveOgrave middotmacrEcircEgraveIuml Oacutemiddot˜macr middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı UacuteEgraveOcirc-sbquomiddot OacutemacrEgravepermil middotAacuteraquopermil

macrEcircpermil AcircAacute˙EgraveIcircpermil DaggerlaquoIcircIuml DaggermacrraquoAacute˙ middotlaquomacr middotAacutebdquomacr permilDaggerlaquoIcircIuml

OacutemacrEgravepermil middotbdquoEgraveDaggerEumlpermil AcircpermilEgraveDagger DaggerlaquoIcircIuml macr divide˙Egrave middotEgraveEgraveIgrave dividelaquo EumllaquoOgraveEuml UacuteIgrave

AacuteOacuteDaggerpermil AcircEgravemiddotpermil OgraveIumlEuml AacuteOgravepermil sbquobdquolaquoIuml Daggermiddotlaquobdquolaquo UgraveIumlUgraveIumlEgraveIgrave OacuteIumlUgraveUgravelaquoEgraveIgrave

AcircmiddotÎuml permilEgraveDagger sbquoIgrave DaggerlaquoIcircIuml laquoOcirc-UgraveIumlEgraveEgraveOgrave AcircUgraveEgravelaquo EumlmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

OacutemacrEgravepermil Egravelaquodividemiddot˙ UacuteIuml Egravebdquo EgravelaquoOgraveEgrave permildivideOacuteOcirc Oacutepermil˜Egravemiddotraquoı sbquoIgrave EgravelaquoOgraveEgrave middotbdquoEgraveDaggerEumlpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

71

ndash Dagger˙permil IumlDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddot middotEgraveEgraveIgrave

ndash IcircOcirc DaggerEgrave bdquoAcircAcircDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddot middotEgraveEgraveIgrave macrIcirclaquo dividelaquo raquomiddotUacuteEgravemacr Oacute˜raquodivide˜dividelaquo

ndash DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil ˆ˙ IumlAacuteIgrave AcircEgravemiddotpermil

ndash IcircOcirc DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo macrlaquopermil IumlAacuteIgrave macrEgravemiddotpermil sbquomiddotEgravepermil AcircDaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquo AacuteOacuteDaggerpermil

ndash DaggerEcirc IumlOacutepermil Dagger˙permil DaggerlaquoIcircIuml macr EgravelaquosbquoraquoEuml

ndash IcircEgrave DaggerEgrave middotbdquoEgraveDaggerEumlpermil

ndash DaggerEcirc Oacutepermil sbquoIgrave DaggerEgrave middotbdquoEgraveDaggerEumlpermil

ndash Ecircpermil IumlDagger Ugravemacr

5Family and plans


bull how to express possession shel yesheyn lrsquohellip

bull verb Group 1 (middle root letter or )

bull question words ndash which

bull demonstratives lsquothesersquorsquothosersquo

bull lsquoto be able torsquo

bull word pairs (singular)

bull to talk about the family

Dialogue 1

What is Peter doing in Israel

OgraveOacuteEgraveIcircraquo

EgraveIcirclaquoIuml

permilDaggerIumlpermil permilpermilIgravepermilpermilOcircDaggerEgraveEcircpermil DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo DaggerIumlpermil

EgraveAcircEgravedivideDaggerEgraveOcirc IumlhellipdivideIuml


OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEcirc Oacutepermil permil˙IcircEgravelaquo divideIumlIacute UgraveEgraveEumlmacr Oacutepermil middotbdquoEgraveraquo Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil

IumlUacutelaquo Ugravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgravedivide IumlIcircIgrave Daggermacrı OacuteDaggerbdquo OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumlDaggerlaquo DaggerEgraveIacute

DaggerdivideEgraveIgrave AacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave Ugravepermil

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEgravedivide IumlIacute macr Uacutemacrpermil EgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteOacutepermil Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil Iumlpermil˙AacuteEgraveIuml

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave middotUacuteÎgrave IumlDagger middotEumlraquoAacute DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide DaggerdivideEgraveIgrave OacutepermilUacuteEgrave

Oacutepermil˜Egravemiddotraquoı AcircDaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquo middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot AcircIcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc sbquoIgrave IumlDaggerlaquo Dagger˙macrEgraveIgrave

permilOgraveEumllaquoEgraveEgraveIgrave raquomiddotOacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo Dagger˙ EgraveraquoIumlEgraveIgrave AcircpermilOacute˜laquoOacutelaquo permil˜bdquolaquodivideEgraveIgrave

Oacutepermil Dagger˙ OacuteÊgraveUacutepermil

maya az mah harsquotokhniyot shelkha piter mah brsquodiyuk atahrotseh larsquoasot poh

piter yesh lakhem eacuterets me-od meyukheacutedet ani rotseh lirsquor-otekh anashim khayim poh

maya yesh lekha rak asarah yamim mirsquomah atah rotsehlrsquohatkhil

piter ani brsquoeacutetsem lo batuacute-akh ani rotseh lirsquofgosh anashimmersquoharsquoir mersquoharsquokibuts varsquoafiacutelu barsquorkhov vrsquokamuvangam lirsquor-ot atarim histori-im ursquovirsquomyukhad et yerusha-layim vrsquoharsquomkomot harsquokdoshim mah at matsi-ah

MAYA So what are your plans Peter What exactly do you wantto do here

PETER You have a very special country I would like to see howpeople live here

MAYA You have only ten days What would you like to start withPETER Actually Irsquom not sure I would like to meet people from

the city from the kibbutz and even on the street Of course[I would] also [like] to see some historic sites and especiallyJerusalem and the holy places What do you suggest

Vocabulary

plan tokhnit (f)

your shelkha

you (mpl) have yesh lakhem

special meyukhad (meyukheacutedetf)

people anashim(mpl)

live khayim

from what mirsquomah

to start to begin lrsquohatkhil

to meet lirsquofgosh G1

naturally of course kamuvan

historical site atar (m) histori

place makom (mekomot m)

holy kadosh

suggest(s) matsiacute-a (matsi-ah f)

and especially ursquovirsquomyukhad

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

73

˙IcircEgrave

divideIumlIacute


OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo)(

DaggerdivideEgraveIgrave

AacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave

OacuteOacutepermil

Iumlpermil˙AacuteEgraveIuml

IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide )Ugrave-sbquo-(

IcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc

Dagger˙macr permilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgrave

Oacute˜laquoIgrave

˜bdquolaquodivide

OacuteÊgraveUacute)permil(

raquomiddotOacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo

khayim means both lsquothey liversquo from the verb lsquoto liversquolirsquokhiyot and the noun lsquolifersquo you may well have come acrossthe word in the toast lsquoto lifersquo lrsquokhaacuteyim

Language point

Possession 1

1 Possession in Hebrew can be expressed in various ways Oneway is to use the preposition lsquoofrsquo shel

Peterrsquos plans (lit lsquothe plans of Peterrsquo) harsquotokhniyot shel Peter

the restaurantrsquos menu (lit lsquothe menu of the restaurantrsquo)harsquotafrit shel harsquomis-adah

2 Possession can also be expressed in English by the adjectiveslsquomyrsquo lsquoyourrsquo lsquohisrsquo lsquoherrsquo etc as well as by the pronouns lsquominersquolsquoyoursrsquo lsquohisrsquo lsquohersrsquo etc In Hebrew both these forms are con-veyed by with appropriate endings

In Unit 2 Boris introduced Jan ndash ldquomy relative karov shelirdquo

ndash sheli is made up of = + (lsquoirsquo being the endingreplacing the pronoun )

In this unit Maya asks Peter ldquowhat are your plansrdquo

harsquotokhniyot shelkha

shelkha = + (kha being the ending replacing thepronoun )

Here is a list of all the pronoun endings attached to the preposi-tion You should memorize these endings carefully as they canbe attached to many other prepositions as well as to nouns (another way of expressing possession in Hebrew which we willlook at in a later unit)

divideIuml

Dagger˙permildivideIumlIacutedivideIumlIacute

permil˙IcircEgravelaquo divideIumlIacute

DaggerEgraveEgravedivideIumlDaggerEgravedivideIumlEgravedivideIumlEgrave

˜macrlaquomiddot divideIumlEgrave

divideIuml

permil˙UgravemacrEgraveEuml divideIuml permilOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

permil˙IcircEgravelaquo divideIuml UgraveEgraveEumlmacr

divideIuml

IumlAacuteEgraveEgraveIgraveIumlAacuteEgravelaquoAacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave

74

Plural Singularshelaacutenu sheli

our myshelakhem shelkha

your yourshelakhen shelakh

your yourshelahem shelo

their hisshelahen shelah

their her

Note that these two forms look the same in unpointed Hebrew ndashagain the context will tell you how to pronounce them

NB This contracted form literally lsquoof mersquo lsquoof yoursquo etc alwaysfollows the noun in Hebrew (although it precedes it in English)my house harsquobaacuteyit sheli

Exercise 1

Replace the pronouns in brackets with the correct form of

Example

zeh harsquomisrad (ani) = zeh harsquomisrad sheli

My friend Avi lives in Australia with his family Their house isnear the sea My friend Leah and I are very fond of sea and sunand want to visit Australia in December We would like to see ourfriends in Sydney and to go to the opera and Leah wants to visither family in Melbourne

Ecircpermil permilOacutelozmacrbdquo )DaggerEgrave( = Ecircpermil permilOacutelozmacrbdquo divideIumlEgrave

divideIuml

permilmiddotEgrave divideIumlEgrave

permilEgraveDaggerdivideIumlpermilpermilOcircdivideIumlpermilOcirc

permilraquoDaggerdivideIumllaquopermilIgravedivideIumlpermilIgrave

Dagger˙divideIumlIacuteDagger˙OcircdivideIumlIcircOcirc

Dagger˙permildivideIumlIacuteDagger˙IgravedivideIumlIcircIgrave

DaggerEgravedivideIumlEgraveDaggerAacuteraquodivideIumlraquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

75

permilAacutemiddotmacr )DaggerEgrave( DaggermiddotEgrave sbquo middotDaggerlaquoOgraveEumlmacrIumlEgravepermil UacuteIgrave permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil

)permilraquoDagger( permilmiddotEgrave )permilIgrave( macrlaquomiddot IumlEgraveIgrave DaggerEgrave AcircpermilAacutemiddotmacrpermil )DaggerEgrave( IumlDaggerpermil OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo

DaggerlaquopermilmiddotEgraveIgrave EgraveIgrave AcircdivideOacutedivide AcirclaquoEgraveIgrave Iumlmiddot˜macr middotDaggerlaquoOgraveEumlmacrIumlEgravepermil middotbdquoÔacutemiddotmacr DaggerAacuteraquo

macrlaquoEgraveIgrave IumlDaggerlaquo Dagger˙ permilAacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave )DaggerAacuteraquo( middotOgraveEgravebdquoEgrave AcircIumlmiddot˜macr middotDaggerlaquoUgravemacrpermil

AcircIumlDaggerpermil macrlaquopermil Iumlmiddot˜macr Dagger˙ permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil )permilEgraveDagger( middotOacuteIumlmiddotlaquoOcirc

(with im)

Exercise 2

New vocabulary

probably kanir-eh

Talia Dorit Ben and Alon share a flat and have been shoppingtogether Dorit has gone out and Ben is so exhausted he has gonefor a nap Talia and Alon are left to sort out the shopping Pretendyou are Talia ndash how would you say

ldquoThe chicken is Benrsquos

the fish is yours

the eggs are ours ndash Doritrsquos and mine

the humous is yours ndash rdquo

Alon disagrees if you were Alon how would you say to Talia

ldquoNo I donrsquot like humous perhaps itrsquos Doritrsquos or Benrsquos

And I donrsquot eat Greek salad itrsquos probably theirs too

Dorit likes olives so perhaps they are also hersrdquo

Possession 2

To have or not to have yesh lrsquohellip eyn lrsquohellip

There is no verb lsquoto haversquo in Hebrew Instead you use the expres-sion lsquothere isrsquo or lsquothere isnrsquotrsquo with the preposition lsquotorsquo

Boris has a shop (lit lsquoto Boris there is a shoprsquo) lrsquoboris yeshkhanut

Jerusalem has holy sites (lit lsquoto Jerusalem there are holysitesrsquo) lirsquorushalayim yesh atarim kdoshim

Avital doesnrsquot have a ticket (lit lsquoto Avital there is no ticketrsquo)lrsquoavital eyn kartis IumlDaggermiddotEgraveEumlIuml DaggerEgraveOcirc IcircEumlEgraveOgrave

IumlEgraveraquoIumlEgraveIgrave Egrave Dagger˙macrEgraveIgrave bdquolaquoEgraveIgrave

IumlmiddotlaquoEgraveOgrave Egravedivide Aacuteraquo

Iuml

DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlhellipEgravedivide Iumlhellip

IcircDaggerpermil

76

In order to lsquoconjugatersquo the Hebrew equivalent of the verb lsquoto haversquo(or lsquoto have no[t]rsquo) you add the relevant pronoun endings to thepreposition lsquotorsquo

I have (lit lsquothere is to mersquo) yesh li

(I havenrsquot eyn li )

you (m sing) have yesh lekha

you (f sing) have yesh lakh

Exercise 3

Now complete the list of pronoun endings for the preposition lsquotorsquoor lsquoforrsquo following the pattern of endings given for above(Compare with the Prepositions chart on pp 348ndash9)

Note that the word order can be reversed I have a house li yeshbayit This can give a slightly different emphasis

He has work but I have plans lo yesh avodah aval li yesh tokhniyot

Exercise 4

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of

New vocabulary

time zman (m)refrigerator mekarer (m)

Example

Jonathan has no time this evening because he has tickets for thetheatre

khanah vrsquogadi garim barsquokibuts aval yesh _____ mishpakhah barsquoir

sarah yesh ____ mayim mineralim barsquomkarer

IumlEgravelaquoOcirc DaggerEgraveOcirc EcircOacuteOcirc permilUacutemacrmiddot IcircEgrave Egravedivide Iumllaquo IcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgraveIgrave IumlDaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc

Oacute˜macrmacrEcircOacuteOcirc

Iuml

Iumllaquo Egravedivide Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil DaggermiddotIuml IumlEgrave Egravedivide IcircEgravelaquo

IumlEgrave Egravedivide middotEgrave

divideIumlIumlhellip

Egravedivide IumlIacute


DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave

Egravedivide IumlEgrave

Iuml

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

77

1Aacutepermil AcircsbquobdquoEgrave sbquoEgraveIgrave middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide ____ OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil middotUacuteEgrave

2lozmacrpermil Egravedivide ____ OacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteEgraveIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave middotOacute˜macrmacr

moshe yesh _____ takhanat otobus mul harsquobayit

yesh ____ khaverim tovim aval eyn ____ zman lrsquohipagesh

Exercise 5

You overhear your teenage daughter talking on the phone aboutsome family friends she will be visiting when she goes to Israel inthe holidays Work out exactly what she might have said usingwords from each column AndashC to agree with the following state-ments

1 Mr Rabinovitz has bought a house

2 He and his wife do not work in town

3 Their English is so bad I almost wish they would write to usin Hebrew

4 I am paying them a visit and Mrs R clearly thinks that I willfind the Negev nomads interesting

5 She and her husband are archaeologists and they write ldquoWesuggest you visitrdquo ndash guess what

ExampleMr Rabinovitz has bought a house yesh lo bayit khadash

C B A

Egravedivide Iumllaquo middotEgrave Aacutebdquodivide

78

3Oacutedividepermil Egravedivide ____ Aacute DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave OacuteraquoIuml permilmiddotEgrave

4Egravedivide )DaggerEgrave( ____ AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave EumllaquomiddotEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgraveOcirc _____ EcircOacuteOcirc IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide

Egravedivide IumllaquoOacuteIcircmiddotEgraveIgravemiddotUacuteEgrave

permilIgrave IcirclaquomiddotEgraveIgrave IumlraquomiddotEgraveraquomiddotsbquomiddot

DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlpermilIgraveUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermilmiddotDaggersbquoIumlEgrave

DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteÊgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave IumlIacutemiddotEgravemiddotDagger˙macrEgraveIgrave permilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgraveEgraveIgrave

permilEgraveDagger OacuteÊgraveUacutepermil IumlEgraveIumlUgravesbquolaquodivide middotbdquoraquoDaggerEgraveIgraveAacutebdquodivide

Dialogue 2

Peter discovers something important about Maya which helps hisplans along

maya yesh lekha mazal harsquomishpakhah sheli gaacuterah brsquokibutsbarsquotsafon

piter brsquoemet eacuteyzeh kibutsmaya kibuts mishmar harsquoshalom zeh kibuts gadol vrsquotipusi yesh

lanu krsquoshalosh me-ot mishpakhotpiter metsuyan kaacutekhah ani yakhol lirsquofgosh gam et harsquomish-

pakhah shelakhmaya ken vrsquogam khaverim sheli anaacutekhnu mishpakhah

khevrutit az atah yachol lirsquosh-ol mah shersquoatah rotseh piter tov az bo-i natkhil mersquoharsquokibuts

MAYA Yoursquore in luck (lit lsquoyou have luckrsquo) My family lives in akibbutz in the north

PETER Really Which kibbutzMAYA Kibbutz Mishmar HarsquoShalom Itrsquos a big kibbutz and typical we

have around three hundred familiesPETER Great That way Irsquoll also be able to meet your familyMAYA Yes and friends of mine too Wersquore a friendly family so you

can ask whatever you wantPETER Good Come on then letrsquos start with (lit lsquofromrsquo) the kibbutz

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEgravedivide IumlIacute OacuteEcircIuml permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumlEgrave sbquopermil middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı middotÛgravelaquoOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrmiddotDaggerOacute˙ DaggerEgraveEcircpermil Egravemiddotraquoı

OacuteDaggerEgravepermil˜Egravemiddotraquoı OacutedivideOacutemacr permildivideIumllaquoIgrave Ecircpermil Egravemiddotraquoı sbquobdquolaquoIuml AcircEumlEgraveUgraveraquoOgraveEgrave Egravedivide Iumlraquo

IcircdivideIumllaquodivide OacuteDaggerlaquo OacutedivideUgraveAacutelaquo

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacuteˆraquoEgraveEgraveOcirc IcircIcircpermil DaggerEgrave EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide sbquoIgrave Dagger˙ permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumlIacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc AcircsbquoIgrave AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave divideIumlEgrave DaggerAacuteraquo OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil AacutemiddotmacrraquoEgrave DaggerEcirc Dagger˙permil

EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumldivideDaggerlaquoIuml Oacutepermil divideDagger˙permil macrlaquopermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEumllaquomiddot DaggerEcirc middotlaquoDaggerEgrave AacuteEgraveIuml Oacutepermil˜Egravemiddotraquoı

79

Vocabulary

luck fortune mazal (m)

whichwhat eyzeh

(in a) kibbutz (brsquo)kibuts (m)

(in the) north (barsquo)tsafon (m)

typical tipusi(-tf)

around like as krsquohellip

so thisthat way kaacutekhah

can able to yakhol

to ask lirsquosh-ol G1


that which mah shersquohellip

friendly khevruti(-tf)

come bobo-i (f)

letrsquos start we will start natkhil

The preposition is lsquoinseparablersquo and functions in exactly thesame way as (see pp 28 and 41) This is the transitive form of lsquoto meetrsquo you learnedearlier in other words you tend to use rather than when you want to indicate whom or what you are meeting

Cultural note

Mazal literally means lsquoconstellationrsquo lsquoplanetrsquo and hencelsquofortunersquo or lsquoluckrsquo You may well have heard it in the phrase mazaltov expressing congratulations

Language points

More verbs in Group 1 middle root letter or These verbs drop the middle root letter in the present tense

EgraveAcirc

OacuteEcircIuml Eumllaquomiddot

OacuteEcircIuml

IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquoIumlUgravesbquolaquoIumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide

radichellip IumlhellipIcirc

80

OacuteEcircIuml

DaggerEgraveEcircpermil

)middot(Egravemiddotraquoı

)middot(UgravelaquoOcirc

EumlEgraveUgraveraquoOgraveEgrave)(

Icirc∆

IcircIcircpermil

EgraveIcirclaquoIuml )Egrave-Icirc-Iuml(

IumlDaggerlaquoIuml )divide-Dagger-Iuml(

IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide )Ugrave-sbquo-divide(

Oacutepermil dividehellip

AacutemiddotmacrraquoEgrave)(

middotlaquoDaggermiddotlaquoDaggerEgrave

AacuteEgraveIuml

Root Infinitive To livedwell larsquogur

gar Masculine singular (I you he)

gaacuterah Feminine singular (I you she)

garim Masculine plural (we you they)

garot Feminine plural (we you they)

Other verbs following this pattern are

to get up larsquokum

to put larsquosim

to come larsquovo

to run larsquoruts

Exercise 6

Insert the correct form of the verb in the passage below (Thetranslation will help you with your reading)

New vocabulary

home(wards) harsquobaytah

kettle kumkum (m)

park park (m)

Example

My neighbour gets up at six and runs in the park next to our houseOur [other] (female) neighbour also runs in the park They comehome at seven We get up at eight put water in the kettle forcoffee and donrsquot run in the park

Ugravemacr

˜raquoOacute˜raquoIgrave

permilmiddotEgravepermil

Iumlmacrraquoı )-raquo-ı(

IumlmiddotlaquoDagger )middot-laquo-Dagger(

IumllozEgraveIgrave )-Egrave-Igrave(

IumlraquoIgrave )-Acirc-Igrave(

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircsbquolaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgravesbquoEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggersbquopermil

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggersbquo

Iumlsbquoraquosbquo-raquo-11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

81

permildivideIcircOcirc divideIumlEgrave )-Acirc-Igrave( Igravemiddotmiddotlaquomacr

permildivideIcircOcirc divideIumlEgrave)-Acirc-Igrave( middotmiddotlaquomacr middot 6 Acirc)-Acirc-ı( middotUgravemacr UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilmiddotEgrave divideIumlraquo

sbquoIgrave permildivideIcircpermil divideIumlraquo )-Acirc-ı( middotUgravemacr

permilIgrave )middot-laquo-Dagger( permilmiddotEgravepermil middot- 7

DaggerAacuteraquo )-raquo-Igrave( middot 8 )loz-Egrave-Igrave( OacuteEgraveIgrave IumlUgravepermil middot˜raquoOacute˜raquoIgrave AcircIumlDagger )-raquo-ı(

middotUgravemacr

More question words which what

In Hebrew these questions are asked with the words eyzeheyzo(mf) and eylu (pl) see below Colloquially

is often also used for the plural

What bus do you need

eyzeh otobus atah tsarikh

What music do you like

eyzo musikah at oheacutevet

Which grapes do you prefer

eylu (eyzeh) anavim atem marsquoadifim

As in English these question words can be preceded by preposi-tions

In which street do you live

brsquoeyzeh rekhov atah gar

From which country do you (f) come

mersquoeyzo eacuterets at baacute-ah

Exercise 7

New vocabulary

newspaper iton (m)

How would you say

1 What city does she live in

2 What vegetables do you (mpl) eat

3 What concert are you (fpl) going to

4 What newspaper do you (ms) buy

lsquoDaggerEgraveEcircpermilrsquoDaggerEgraveIumlraquoDaggerEgraveEcircpermil DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo

82

DaggerEgraveEcircpermil DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute

DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo OacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermil Dagger˙ Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙

DaggerEgraveIumlraquo )DaggerEgraveEcircpermil( UacutemiddotEgraveIgrave

Dagger˙Igrave OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUgraveEgraveIgrave

middotDaggerEgraveEcircpermil macrAacutelaquomiddot Dagger˙permil sbquo

OacuteDaggerEgraveEcirclaquo Daggermacrı Dagger˙ middotDaggerpermil

UacuteEgravelaquoOcirc

How do you answer More demonstratives

You might want to answer with

lsquothisrsquo harsquozehharsquozot

lsquothatrsquo harsquohuharsquohi

or in the plural (mf) lsquothesersquo harsquoeacuteleh

lsquothosersquo harsquohemharsquohen

You may sometimes hear the more formal harsquoeylu for themasculine plural

ExamplesI need thisthat bus et harsquooacutetobus harsquozehharsquohu

May I have thesethose grapes et hanavim harsquoeylu harsquohem

NB The questions are asking you to be specific so you mustremember to insert the particle et and lsquothersquo (see pp 57ndash8)

Exercise 8

Fill in the gaps by using the correct words from the list below

permilDagger˙

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlmiddotIuml Dagger˙ permilUacutemiddotEgraveIgrave permilDaggerEgraveIumlraquopermilpermilIgrave

DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute Dagger˙ permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave permilEcircpermilpermilpermilraquoDagger

permilDaggerEgraveIumlraquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

83

permilEcircpermilpermilEcircDagger˙

permilpermilraquoDaggerpermilpermilEgraveDagger

permilDaggerIumlpermil

permilpermilIgravepermilpermilOcirc

1_____ OgraveUgravemacrDagger˙ permilOgraveUgravemacr ____

2_____ OacuteUgraveEgravepermilDagger˙ permildivideOacuteUgraveEgravepermil _____

3DaggerEgraveIumlraquo UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgraveDagger˙ _______

4_____ UacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquoDagger˙ permilUacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo ____

permilDaggerIumlpermil permilpermilOcirc permilEcircDagger˙ DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo DaggerEgraveEcircpermil permilpermilIgrave permilEcircpermil

Exercise 9

Read the answers and then complete the questions

Examples

She is studying at the university in Bersquoer Sheva

Tamy which university is your friend studying at

To lsquobe able torsquo yakhol

Here is the verb lsquocanrsquo or lsquois able torsquo ndash yakhol ndash in the presenttense Like the English lsquocanrsquo has no infinitive

Root

yakhol Masculine singular

yekholah Feminine singular

yekholim Masculine plural

yekholot Feminine plural

It is followed by the infinitive

I can come tomorrow are you able to meet in the morningDaggerEgrave EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlmiddotlaquoDagger OacuteAacutemacr Dagger˙Igrave EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide middotmiddotlaquomacr

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircEgraveIcirclaquoIumllaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgraveEgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerEgraveIcirclaquoIumlpermil

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerEgraveIcirclaquoIuml

Egrave-Icirc-Iuml

EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIcirclaquoIuml


˙OacuteEgrave middotDaggerEgraveEcirclaquoDaggerraquoEgravemiddotOgraveEgraveEumlpermil permilAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlIacuteIumllaquoOacutebdquo

permilEgraveDagger IumllaquoOacutebdquo middotDaggerraquoEgravemiddotOgraveEgraveEumlpermil middotmiddotDaggermacr dividemiddotUacute

84

1___ IcircEgrave ___ ___ IumlOacuteAacutemacr


3DaggerEgraveEcircpermil bdquosbquoEgraveIgrave ___ ___ middot˙UgravemacrEgraveEuml

4___ ___ DaggerUgravedividemacr

Iumlmiddot˜macr sbquoIgrave middotdividemiddot˙

5middotDaggerEgraveEcircpermil___ permilIgrave sbquoEgraveIgrave

6 ___ EgravelaquoIgrave___ permillaquoIumlIcirc

IumlDaggerlaquo Dagger˙ permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil

DaggerEgraveOcirc Iumllaquo Aacuteraquo permilraquoDagger Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo

middotOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ IumlIumlIcirc IumlEgraveIgrave

Egravedivide Iumlraquo UgravelaquoIuml EumlmacrEgrave AcircEumlraquopermil

middotdividemiddot˙ IcircIuml permilOacuteraquoEcircEgraveDaggerlaquoEgraveIgrave

OgravesbquoraquoEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave IumlDagger middotEumlraquoAacute DaggermiddotIuml permilIgrave sbquoEgraveIgrave

UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilEgraveIgrave

Egravedivide IumlEgrave EcircOacuteOcirc macr middotdividemiddot˙ DaggerEgrave

Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo IcircIuml permildividemiddotAcircUacute

(shut sgurim)

Exercise 10

You are planning a party and the day is approaching you go downthe guest list to see who can and who canrsquot come Read thefollowing and write down whether your friends are or are not ableto come

Example

Avital is going to a concert canrsquot come

Dialogue 3

More about Mayarsquos familyhellip

piter laacutemah at kvar lo khaverat kibutsmaya ani adaacuteyin khaverat kibuts aval harsquoshanah ani brsquoshabaton

vrsquooveacutedet brsquotel-avivpiter vrsquoshe-ar harsquomishpakhah adaacuteyin barsquokibutsmaya lo yesh li akhot shersquogaacuterah im harsquobaacute-al shelah vrsquoharsquoyladim

brsquoartsot harsquobritpiter gam li yesh akhot brsquoartsot harsquobrit aval hi lo nesu-ah

DaggermiddotEgraveEumlIuml permillaquoIumlIcirc IumllaquoEuml IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIumlpermil IumlmiddotlaquoDagger

OacuteEgrave EgraveIcirclaquoIuml OacuteEgrave IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIuml

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

85

1IumlsbquobdquoEgrave AcircIumlOacuteDaggerEgravepermil Egravedivide EcircOacuteOcirc

2Oacutedividepermil Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo middotUacutemacrmiddot

3Aacutepermil AcircpermilAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlpermil middotnotmacrEgraveEcirc

4EumlIumlEgravepermil AcircbdquolaquolaquoOcirc macrEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave IumlOgravelaquoUacute IumlAacuteEgraveUgravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlOacutepermil Dagger˙ Icircmiddotmacr IumlDagger Aacutemiddotmacr Egravemiddotraquoı

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgrave UacutebdquoEgraveEgraveOcirc Aacutemiddotmacr Egravemiddotraquoı DaggermiddotIuml permildividepermil DaggerEgrave middotdividemiddot˙laquoOcirc AcircUacutelaquomiddotbdquo

middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrAcircdivideDaggermacr permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil UacutebdquoEgraveEgraveOcirc middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIumlDagger Egravedivide IumlEgrave DaggerAacutelaquo dividesbquopermil UacuteIgrave permilmiddotUacuteIuml divideIumlpermil AcircpermilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave middotDaggermacrˆlaquo

permilmiddotmacrEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrsbquoIgrave IumlEgrave Egravedivide DaggerAacutelaquo middotDaggermacrˆlaquo permilmiddotmacrEgrave DaggermiddotIuml permilEgraveDagger IumlDagger lozraquoDaggerpermil

PETER Why are you no longer a kibbutz memberMAYA I am still a member of the kibbutz but Irsquom on sabbatical this

year and Irsquom working in Tel AvivPETER And is the rest of the family still on the kibbutzMAYA No I have a sister who lives in the United States with her

husband and childrenPETER I also have a sister in the States but shersquos not married

Vocabulary

kibbutz member khaverat (f) kibuts

sabbatical shabaton (m)

rest remainder she-ar (m)

sister akhot (akhayot pl)

husband baacute-al

children yeladim

United States artsot harsquobrit

married nasuy (nesu-ah f)

Language points

Word pairs (singular)

Two nouns can be paired to form another word or phrase (thinkof sunglasses swimsuithellip) Word pairs are very common inHebrew far more common than in English You will thereforeoften need to insert a preposition such as lsquoofrsquo lsquofromrsquo or lsquoforrsquo whentranslating into English

star (litshield) of David magen david

salad made of aubergines salat khatsilim

A history book (for [the study of] history)


86

Aacutemiddotmacr Egravemiddotraquoı

dividemiddot˙laquoOcirc

divideDaggermacr

DaggerAacutelaquo )DaggerAacuteEgravelaquo(

middotUacuteIuml

EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave

Daggermacrˆlaquo permilmiddotmacrEgrave

lozraquoEgrave )lozraquoDaggerpermil(

OacutesbquoOcirc bdquoAcircbdquo = OacutesbquoOcirc divideIumlbdquoAcircbdquo

OgraveIumlEuml AacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgrave = OgraveIumlEuml OacuteAacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveIgrave

OgraveUgravemacr permilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgravepermil = OgraveUgravemacr IumlpermilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgravepermil

1 Sometimes the first word in the pair is altered When a wordending in lsquoahrsquo is the first word of a word pair the changesto

kibbutz member khaverat kibuts

railway station takhanat rakeacutevet

the Rozenman family mishpakhat rosenman

Sometimes the vowels of the first word are shortened to easepronunciation A common noun which always changes as thefirst word of a pair is house baacuteyit which becomes

a coffee house beyt kafe

a school (lit lsquohouse of booksrsquo) beyt sefer

2 When word pairs are definite only the second word of the pairis preceded by lsquothersquo and the whole phrase is then definite

Example

a glass of water kos maacuteyim

BUT

the glass of water kos harsquomaacuteyim

the school beyt harsquoseacutefer

the weekend sof harsquoshavuacute-a

Exercise 11

Work out the missing word pairs

breakfast (lit lsquomorning mealrsquo)

pop music

mushroom risotto

DaggermacrraquoAacutepermil divideIumlmiddotlaquomacr DaggermacrraquoAacute˙ middotlaquomacr

OgravelaquoUcirc permildividemiddotraquoUacute

middotEgrave permilOgraveUgravemacr

IcirclaquoOgrave permilOacuteEgraveIgrave

IcirclaquoOgrave OacuteEgraveIgrave

permil

middotEgrave OgraveUgravemacr

middotEgrave Ugravepermil

middotEgrave

˙permilpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

87

Aacutemiddotmacr Egravemiddotraquoı = Aacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIuml Egravemiddotraquoı

˙Aacute macrIcircmiddot˙ = Aacutepermil divideIuml macrIcircmiddot˙

OacutedivideUgraveAacute˙ macrlaquoEcircOacuteOcirc = permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIuml macrlaquoEcircOacuteOcirc

OacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermil divideIuml UgravelaquoUgrave

macrEgraveEcirclaquoEumllaquo UacuteIgrave UgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquo

the bus station

vanilla ice cream

strawberry jam

the town theatre

cheese cake

a bottle of Cola

housework

The family

Israelis are family people Strike up a conversation in a cafeacute andyoursquoll soon be meeting the whole family Here is what familymembers are called

88

˙Aacutepermil divideIuml permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

sbquoIumlEgravebdquopermil UacuteIgrave AcircAcircEgraveIuml

macrEgravemiddotpermil Oacute˙raquoEgraveIgrave

˙DaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc divideIuml permilUacuteEgrave

Uacuteraquosbquopermil OacutesbquomiddotEgravepermil

middot˜middotraquo divideIuml laquoIumlpermil

Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil divideIuml middotEgrave

father aacuteba

mother iacutema

parents horim

children yeladim

boygirl yeacuteledyaldah

baby tinok (m)tinoacuteket (f)

son ben

daughter bat (banot pl)

brother akh

sister akhot

cousin ben dod (m)

bat doacutedah (f)

cousins (bney dodim)

uncle dod

aunt doacutedah

grandfather saacutebah

grandmother saacutevtah

husband baacute-al

wife ishah (nashim)

father-in-law khoten

mother-in-law khoteacutenet

brother-in-law gis

sister-in-law gisah

Notice the word pairs (lit lsquoson of an unclersquo lsquodaughter of anauntrsquo) lsquoThersquo cousin would be

And here is a selection of adjectives that may describe them


single ravak (-ah f)

divorced garush (grushah f)

young tsa-ir (tse-irah f)

middotOcirc permilbdquolaquobdquo middot˙ permilbdquolaquobdquopermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

89

DaggerradicDagger

DaggerOacuteDagger

permillaquoEgraveIgrave


EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIumlbdquopermil

˙Egravelaquo)(

middotOcirc

middot˙ )middotlaquo(

DaggerAacute

DaggerAacutelaquo

middotOcirc bdquolaquobdquo

middot˙ bdquolaquobdquopermil

middotEgrave bdquolaquobdquoEgraveIgrave

bdquolaquobdquo

bdquolaquobdquopermil

OgravemiddotDagger

Ogravemiddot˙Dagger

middotUacuteIuml

DaggerEgravedividepermil )divideEgraveIgrave(

AacutelaquoOcirc

Aacutelaquo

sbquoEgraveOgrave

sbquoEgraveOgravepermil


macrAcircAcirc)permil(

sbquoraquodivide)permil(

ÛacuteEgrave)permil(

lsquoelderlyrsquo mevugar (mevugeacuteret f)

friendly khevruti(-t f)

difficult kasheh (kashah f)

clever khakham(-ah f)

stupid tipesh (tipshah f)

funny matskhik(-ah f)

serious retsini(-t f)

interesting me-anyen(-et f)

boring mesha-amem(-et f)

tall gavoacutehah (gvohah f)

short namukh (nemukhah f)

Exercise 12

Think of your own family how would you describe your ndash

ExampleMy aunt is funny harsquododah sheli matskhikah

Exercise 13

Which of these words have something in commonRearrange them into three groups place person or adjective

Exercise 14

We have a problem (be-ayah)

Read the latest family gossip and take a look at the seating planfor Table 3 at Mikersquos barmitzvah lunch will it work

Egravedivide Iumlraquo middotUacuteEgravepermil

bdquolaquobdquopermil middotOcirc permillaquoEgraveIgrave DaggerAacuteEgravelaquo EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave sbquoEgraveOgrave middot˙ bdquolaquobdquopermil

permilbdquolaquobdquopermil divideIumlEgrave OacuteÂacuteEgravepermil

90

Oacutemiddotraquosbquo)(


˜dividepermil )dividepermil(

AacuteIcircIgrave)permil(

EumlEgraveUgravedivide)permil(

OacuteÂacuteEgrave)permil(

macrÊgraveEgrave)(

OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc)(

OacutedivideUacuteOacuteIgrave)(

sbquomiddotlaquopermil)permil(

OacuteraquoIacute)permil(

AacuteraquoOacuteIumlˆmacrÛacuteEgraveOacuteraquoOgraveEgraveDaggerEgrave

macrÊgraveEgravemiddotOcirc˜EgravemiddotraquoıUgravelaquoUgraveraquoIumlmacrEgrave

AacutemiddotmacrnotmacrmiddotEgrave-OgraveUgravemacr

divideOacuteOcircOgravemiddotDaggerOacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcircmacrAacutelaquomiddot

(to sit larsquoshevet)

dod moshe lo ohev et harsquogisah shelo zipi

zipi lo medabeacuteret im sarah harsquoisha shel moshe

sarah me-od oheacutevet et sami harsquogis shelah

yonatan harsquoben shel moshe vrsquosarah ravak

smadar grushah vrsquorotsah larsquosheacutevet al yad ravak

Do you remember the word ki lsquobecausersquo Tell Mikersquos parentswhat you think by using sentences such as

ƒEgrave

OacuteEgrave IumlDagger macrlaquopermil Iumldividemiddot˙UacuteIuml Egravebdquo OacuteEgrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

91

1bdquolaquobdquo Oacutedividepermil IumlDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddot Dagger˙ permilsbquoEgraveOgravepermil Iumllaquo EgravenotEgrave

2ÊgravenotEgrave IumlDagger Oacutebdquomiddotmacr UacuteIgrave macrpermil permilDaggerEgravepermil divideIuml Oacute˘permil

3lozmacrpermil OacuteDaggerbdquo Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ Dagger˙ OgraveOacuteEgrave permilsbquoEgraveOgrave Iumlpermil

4EgravelaquoOcirc permilmiddotOcirc divideIuml Oacutedividepermil Acirclozmacrpermil ndash macrAcircAcirc

5OgraveOacutebdquomacr sbquoraquodividepermil Acirclaquopermil Iumldividemiddot˙ UacuteIuml Egravebdquo macrAcircAcirc

____ )IumlDagger( EgraveIcirclaquoIuml)permil( Iumldividemiddot˙ UacuteIuml Egravebdquo ____ IcircEgrave permilraquoDaggerpermilEgraveDaggerpermilIgravepermilOcirc ____

____ )IumlDagger( macrlaquopermil Iumlmiddot˙ OacuteraquoIuml ____ IcircEgrave ____ (opposite mul)

moshe

yonatan

sarahdorit

smadar zipi

yosi

samiOacutedividepermil

EgravelaquoOcirc

lozmacrpermilbdquolaquoEgrave

OgraveOacutebdquomacr ÊgraveUgraveEgrave

EgravelaquoOgraveEgrave

OgraveOacuteEgrave

6Shopping at the mall


bull about shops and shoppingbull word pairs (pl)bull more verbs in Group 1 (roots ending in )bull generalizing the impersonal form bull numbers 11ndash1000

Dialogue 1

After spending a few days in the hot Israeli summer Peter realizeshe could do with a quick shopping trip for a few essential itemsbefore setting out on his tour with Maya

Uacute Aacute

˜EgraveEgravelaquo middotEgravelaquoOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveUgravepermil DaggerEgrave EgraveIcirclaquoIuml Iumllaquo middotsbquobdquoEgrave Egraveı DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave middotsbquobdquoEgraveIgrave Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave

IumlOacuteEcircsbquo permilDaggerAcircAcircEgrave IumlIcircIgrave IcircEgrave middotDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermil IumlDagger AacuteIgrave IcircOacutelaquo Ugravepermil

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEgravedivide EgravelaquoOcirc IumlDagger macrAacutelaquo Oacute˙Aacute permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave UgraveraquoAacute OacuteraquobdquoIgrave

middotmiddotlaquomacr UgravelaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave divideIgrave middotOacutelaquopermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveEcircpermil AacuteraquoEgravelaquo Egravedivide middot˜EgravelaquoOcirc

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEgravedivide divideIgrave permilIcircIuml AacuteraquoEgravelaquo middotsbquobdquoEgraveIgrave OacuteˆraquoEgraveEgravelaquo UacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

)Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave DaggerEgraveEgravepermil AcircOacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave divideOacutedivide( Aacuteraquo OgraveUgravemacrEgraveIgrave divide˙Egrave AacuteraquoEgravelaquo

OgraveUgravelaquoEuml Aacuteraquo sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermil IumlmiddotsbquobdquoEgrave sbquomiddotmacrEgraveIgrave Oacutepermil Uacutelaquobdquo Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute sbquoIgrave Igrave permilsbquopermil AcircIcirclaquomiddotUacute Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgraveOcirc middotUacuteEgravelaquo IcirclaquomiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave OacutelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave middotIcircIuml Oacute˜laquoIgrave AcircmiddotOgraveraquoUgravemacr UgraveDaggerIgrave

OacutelaquoIcircmacrEgraveIgrave OacuteraquomacrEgrave laquoOgraveOacuteEumlEgravepermil

piter eyfoh ani yakhol lirsquoknot bigdey kaacuteyits eyn li bgadimmat-imim lrsquomeacutezeg harsquoavir shelakhem ki brsquoangliyah lokham kmo poh

maya yesh kaniyon lo rakhok mirsquotakhanat harsquooacutetobus shersquopatuacute-akh mukdam barsquoboacuteker potkhim sham brsquoshmoacuteneh

piter eyzeh khanuyot yesh barsquokaniyonmaya yesh sham harsquokol khanuyot bgadim metsuyanot na-

alaacuteyim mishkafaacuteyim (mishkafey re-iyah ursquomishkafeysheacutemesh) khanut sfarim shtey khanuyot sport khanutgdolah lrsquobigdey gvarim mah od atah tsarikh

piter ani tsarikh gam krem haganah vrsquokoacuteva mat-immaya eyn be-ayot kova-im mots-im brsquokol makom ursquobarsquosuper

farm mokhrim mutsarey kosmeacutetikah

PETER Where can I buy some summer clothes I havenrsquot any suitableclothes for your weather because itrsquos not as hot in England asit is here

MAYA Therersquos a shopping mall not far from the bus stop which isopen early in the morning They open at eight orsquoclock (there)

PETER What shops are there (in the mall)MAYA Therersquos everything Excellent clothes shops shoes glasses

(optical and sunglasses) bookshops two sports shops a largemenswear store ndash what else do you need

PETER I also need sun (protection) cream and a suitable hatMAYA No problem you find hats everywhere and they sell cosmetics

in the Superpharm

A chain of pharmacies found in many shopping areas and mallsin Israel

Vocabulary

(item of) clothing beacuteged (m) (bgadim pl)

summer clothes bigdeykaacuteyits (keytsim pl)

suitable mat-im (-ah f)

weather meacutezeg (m) avir (m)(lit lsquotemperrsquo of air)

like as kmo

shopping mall kanyon (m)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

93

middotsbquobdquo

middotsbquobdquoEgrave ˜Egraveı

Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave)permil(

OacuteEcircsbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave

IcircOacutelaquo

˜EgravelaquoOcirc

far rakhok (rekhukah f)

(thatwhich is) open (shersquo) patuacute-akh (ptukhah f)

early mukdam

allevery kol

alleverything harsquokol

shoe na-al (na-alaacuteyim fpl)

glasses mishkafaacuteyim (mpl)

sunglasses mishkafey sheacutemesh (m)

optical glasses mishkafay re-iyah (m)

(lit glasses for vision)

book seacutefer (sfarim mpl)

man geacutever (gvarim pl)

more od

(sun) protection cream krem (m) haganah (f)

hat koacuteva (m)

problem be-ayah (f)

they sell mokhrim G1

product mutsar (m)

cosmetics kosmeacutetikah (f)

Language points

Word pairs in the plural

1 Word pairs are plural if the first word in a pair is in the plural(Unlike English the second word of the pair may be in thesingular)

a train station takhanat rakeacutevet

train stations takhanot rakeacutevet

an apple cake ugat tapukhim

apple cakes ugot tapukhim

94

macrAacutelaquo)permil(

)divide(UgraveraquoAacute

OacuteraquobdquoIgrave

IcircIuml

permilIcircIuml

UacuteIuml)EgraveEgraveIgrave(

Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave divideOacutedivide

Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave DaggerEgraveEgravepermil

OgraveUgravemacr)EgraveIgrave(

sbquomiddotmacr)EgraveIgrave(

Uacutelaquobdquo

˜Igrave permilsbquopermil

IcirclaquomiddotUacute

middotUacuteEgravepermil

OacutelaquoIcircmacrEgraveIgrave )Oacute-Icirc-(

Oacuteraquomacr

˜laquoOgraveOacuteEumlEgravepermil

˙AacutemacrIcircmiddot˙

˙AacutelaquomacrIcircmiddot˙

Uacuteraquosbquo˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave

Uacuteraquosbquolaquo˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave

2 The first word of a pair may sometimes be pronounced differ-ently often slightly shortened Look at the word lsquolandrsquo eacuterets(pl aratsot ) as the first word of a pair in lsquoTheUnited Statesrsquo it becomes

artsot (not aratsot) harsquobrit

Other examples

present(s) matanahmatanot

but wedding presents matnot khatunah

3 In the main plural nouns ending with lsquootrsquo ndash do not changewhen they are the first word in a pair (See the examples above)

4 However plural nouns ending with lsquoimrsquo ndash become lsquoeyrsquo

Jaffa oranges tapuzim shel yaffo = tapuzey yaffo

bottles of wine bakbukim shel yaacuteyin = bakbukey yaacuteyin

Again some words change more than their endings

book(s) seacutefersfarim

childrenrsquos books sifrey yeladim

clothes beged bgadim

winter clothes bigdey khoacuteref

As with all languages correct pronunciation will come with practiceThe important thing is to be aware of these slight changes so thatwhen you hear a word you know you donrsquot panic that its meaninghas suddenly changed when it is pronounced slighly differently

NB Remember that when the whole word pair is definite in theplural as in the singular the second word only is preceded by lsquothersquo the childrenrsquos books sifrey harsquoyladimthe winter clothes bigdey harsquohoacuteref middotsbquobdquoEgrave permilAacutelaquoUcirc

OgraveUgravemacrEgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgravepermil

middotsbquobdquoEgrave AacutelaquoUcirc

middotsbquobdquo)EgraveIgrave(

OgraveUgravemacrEgrave EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave


middot˜middotraquoEgraveIgrave divideIumlEgraveEgraveOcirc

˙UgraveraquoEcircEgraveIgrave divideIuml EgraveUgravelaquo = UgraveraquoEcircEgrave EgraveUgravelaquo

EgraveEgraveIgrave

laquo


DaggermacrˆlaquoDaggermacrı

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

95

Oacute˙permil Oacute˙laquo

Oacute˙laquo Aacute˙raquopermil

Exercise 1

Ease your way with word pairs Practise forming word pairs in thesingular and plural by working out the examples below You cansay them aloud then write them down checking with the answerssection

(We have given you the words you have not yet learnt inbrackets)

New vocabulary

leather or (m)

sandal sandal (m)

sport sport (m)

sun sheacutemesh (f)

hospital beyt kholim

dress simlah (smalot f)

Example

broccoli quiche(s)

(sing) (pashtidah) pashtidat broccoli

(pl) (pashtidot) pashtidot broccoli

1 clothes shop(s)

2 leather sandal(s)

3 sportsrsquo shoe(s)

4 sun hat(s)

5 hospital(s) (lit lsquohouse(s) for the sickrsquo kholim )

6 evening dress(es)

AacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave

96

Uacutelaquo

OgravebdquoIuml

OgraveUgravelaquoEuml

divideOacutedivide

middotEgrave AacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave

lozOacuteIumlpermil

)UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquopermil( UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquo middotmacrlaquolaquoIumlEgrave

)UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquolaquo( UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquolaquo middotmacrlaquolaquoIumlEgrave

)Aacuteraquo(____ ____ )AacuteraquoEgravelaquo(____ ____

)OgravebdquoIuml( ____ ____ )OgravebdquoIumlEgraveIgrave( ____ ____

)UacuteIuml( ____ ____ )UacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave( ____ ____

)IcirclaquomiddotUacute( ____ ____ )IcirclaquomiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave( ____ ____

)middotEgrave( ____ ____ )middot˙EgraveIgrave ( ____ ____

)lozOacuteIumlpermil( ____ ____ )lozOacuteIumllaquo( ____ ____

batim

(plural) (sing)

Word pairs in sentences

Adjectives and verbs always agree with the first word of a wordpair

This evening dress does not suit yousimlat harsquoeacuterev harsquozot lo mat-imah lakh

My cousins are not coming to the weddingbney harsquododim sheli lo ba-im larsquokhatunah

Exercise 2

Now go back to Dialogue 1 There are more examples of wordpairs Write them down separating those in the singular from thosein the plural

More verbs in Group 1 roots ending with

In these verbs the last root letter is sounded with a strong lsquoahrsquoor lsquoakhrsquo (See Unit 1 notes on the alphabet concerning theletter at the end of a word)

Example

to hear lirsquoshmoacute-a

to forget lirsquoshkoacute-akh

Root Infinitive To hear lirsquoshmoacute-a

shomeacute-a Masculine singular

shomaacute-at Feminine singular

shom-im Masculine plural

shom-ot Feminine pluralDaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircdividelaquoOacuteUacutelaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgravedividelaquoOacuteUacuteEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerdividelaquoOacuteUacute

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerdividelaquoOacuteUacute

IumldivideOacutelaquoUacutedivide-Oacute-Uacute

)divide-Icirc-Aacute( IumldivideIcirclaquoAacute

)divide-Oacute-Uacute( IumldivideOacutelaquoUacute

Aacute)Aacute(

)Uacute(

Uacute Aacute

middotEgrave permilbdquolaquobdquoEgraveIgrave divideIumlEgrave IumlDagger middotDaggerEgraveIgrave IumlAacute˙raquopermil

lozOacuteIuml permilUacutemacrmiddot permilEcircDagger˙ IumlDagger Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacutepermil IumlIacute

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

97

Root Infinitive To forget lirsquoshkoacute-akh

shokheacute-akh Masculine singular

shokhaacutekhat Feminine singular

shokhekhim Masculine plural

shokhekhot Feminine plural


to open lirsquoftoacute-akh

to send lirsquoshloacute-akh

to know larsquodaacute-at

to travel lirsquonsoacute-a

Exercise 3

Give the four forms of the present tense of the verbs abovefollowing the examples given (check with the answer section forpronunciation) Remember to use the root letters given in bracketsrather than the infinitive to conjugate the verb

Generalizing the impersonal form

To generalize in English you often use the words lsquoyoursquo ndash as weare doing now ndash lsquotheyrsquo or lsquoonersquo or the passive form such as lsquothisis how it is donersquo In Hebrew you use the present tense pluralform lsquothis is what weyouthey dorsquo

Summer clothes are not sold in Decemberbigdey kaacuteyits lo mokhrim brsquodetsember

When does the shopping mall openmatay potkhim et harsquokanyon

What does one find in that shopmah mots-im barsquokhanut harsquohi

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircdividelaquoIcircAacutelaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgravedividelaquoIcircAacuteEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerdividelaquoIcircAacute˙

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerdividelaquoIcircAacute

IumldivideIcirc∆laquoAacutedivide-Icirc-Aacute

98

IumlUgravelaquoAacute )Ugrave--Aacute(

IumldivideIumllaquoAacute )divide-Iuml-Aacute(

IumlbdquoUacute )Egrave-bdquo-Uacute(

IumlOgraveAcircUacute )-Ograve-Uacute(

middotsbquobdquoEgrave Egraveı IumlDagger OacutelaquoIcircmacrEgraveIgrave middotbdquoÔacutemiddotmacr

Oacute˙Egrave UgravelaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permil˜EgravelaquoOcirc

Oacutepermil OacutelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave middotAacuteraquo permilpermilEgraveDagger

Exercise 4

The impersonal form is often used when asking for informationHave a go by completing the questions using the appropriate formof the verbs (root letters given below) and choosing a suitable ques-tion word from the list

New vocabulary

pharmacy beyt mirkaacutekhat (m)

how ekh

to closeshut lirsquosgor G1

to find lirsquomtso G1

picnic piknik (m)

Question words

Example

How does one hear the music in this room ekh shom-im et harsquomusikah barsquokheacuteder harsquozeh

atah yodeacute-a __________ __________ et harsquobank harsquoyom

__________ __________ mishkafey sheacutemesh

__________ __________ lrsquobar mitsvah

__________ __________ matay larsquovo

ulay at yodaacute-at __________ __________ beyt mirkaacutekhat karov

__________ __________ larsquokaacutekhat larsquopiknik

DaggerEgraveIacute)divide-Oacute-Uacute( dividelaquoOacuteUacuteEgraveIgraveDagger˙ permilOacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermil middotAacutebdquomacr permilEcircpermil

Oacute˙Egrave Oacutepermil DaggerEgraveUgravepermil DaggerEgraveIacute

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

99

middotEgrave OacutemacrAacute˙

DaggerEgraveIacute

IumlOgravesbquolaquo )Ograve-sbquo-(

IumlOacuteˆlaquoDagger )Oacute--Dagger(

UgraveEgraveEgrave

1Dagger˙permil EgravelaquobdquoUacute ________ )Ograve-sbquo-( ________ Dagger˙ permilmiddot permilEgravelaquoIgrave

2________ )Oacute-Icirc-( ________ Oacute˘˜UgraveEgrave Oacutedivide

3________ )--permil( ________ Iumlmiddotmacr OacuteÂcircAcircpermil

4________ )Egrave-bdquo-Uacute( ________ Oacute˙Egrave IumlmiddotlaquoDagger

5DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Dagger˙ EgravelaquobdquoUacute _______ )Oacute--Dagger( _______ middotEgrave OacutemacrAacute˙ macrlaquomiddot

6________ )--Iacute( ________ IumlAacute˙ IumlUgraveEgraveEgrave

Cultural note

Rekhov Harsquoshaked is a local shopping street typical of the kindyou are likely to find in a small Israeli town Some of the shopsigns will indicate the type of shop others will have names unre-lated to what is on offer Some will use the printed lettering youhave been used to reading but others may include the handwritingscript (introduced in Unit 1) Unfamiliar names often includepointing (vowel signs) to help with pronunciation ndash this is oneinstance where even Israelis need help

greengrocerrsquos khanut yerakot (f)

grocerrsquos makoacutelet (f)

butcherrsquos itliz (m)

pharmacy beyt mirkaacutekhat (f)

stationery shop khanut kley ktivah (f)

post office doacute-ar (m)

bank bank (m)

petrol station takhanat deacutelek (f)

100

Aacuteraquo Egrave˜laquo

OacuteIcirclaquoIuml

DaggerEumlIumlEgraveEcirc


Aacuteraquo IcircIumlEgrave IcircEgravemiddotpermil

bdquolaquoDaggermacr

middot

˙Aacute bdquoIuml

1OacuteraquoOgraveIacute2 radicraquoEumlEgrave

3OacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil4 middotEgrave Ugravepermil

5˜laquobdquoEgraveEumllaquoEgravepermil

butik (m) musakh (m)

misparah (f)beyt-kafe (m)

konditoacuteriah (f)

Most of the shops will be familiar but you might need a little helpto know what to expect from a makoacutelet One could describeit as mini market the equivalent of an English corner shop orvillage shop It was often the only basic needs shop in the area intimes gone by

Exercise 5

Look closely at Rehov Harsquoshaked and then read the shop signsbelow Can you hang them where they belong

Exercise 6

Yossi is in a mess he has made a list of things he needs jottingthe items down as they come to mind Help him re-organise hislist by grouping the items according to the type of shop in whichhe is likely to find them

Example

OacuteIcirclaquoIuml11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

101

middot OacuteEcircraquoOacuteOcirc

a

b

c

e

d

Yossirsquos list

money keacutesef (m)

cash mezuman (m)

meat basar (m)

sausagesalami naknik (m)

stamp bul (m)

pen et (m)

pencil iparon (efronot mpl)

bread roll lakhmanyah (f)

trousers mikhnasaacuteyim (m pl)

letter paper nyar (m) mikhtavim

blouse shirt khultsah (f)

sock(s) geacuterev (garbaacuteyim mpl)

Exercise 7

A great idea yofi shel ra-ayon

New vocabulary

first before koacutedem

then later akhar kakh

car mekhonit (f)

khalah (f)

delicatessen ma-adanyah (f)

gift present matanah (f)

hair appointment tor (m) barsquomisparah

This is a traditional loaf for the Sabbath two loaves areblessed to remember the double portion of manna God providedfor the Israelites in the wilderness after they came out of Egyptso that they would not have to work on the day of rest

EgravelaquoUgraveEgrave divideIuml macrUacuteEgravelaquoOcirc

102

IcircOgraveUcirc

OacuteEcircraquoOacuteOcirc

middotlozmacr

Egrave

middotraquoIuml

UacuteEuml

UacuteUgravemacrlaquoOcirc)UacuteUgravemacrlaquolaquo(

IumlAacuteOacuteEgravepermil

OacuteIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

EgraveEgrave OacuteIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave

AacuteraquoIumlˆpermil

sbquomiddot )sbquomiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave(

˜laquobdquoIgrave

DaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute

OacuteIcirclaquoEgrave

AacuteIumlpermil

OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveEgravepermil

Oacute˙permil

˙laquo middotOacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil

You want to meet a friend for lunch Friday (yom shishi )seems a good day it being a short working day to allow time toget home before the Sabbath which begins at sundown You ringyour friend and suggest lunch but she has many errands to doHere is how the telephone conversation starts

ndash shalom khanah at rotsah lrsquohipagesh lrsquoarukhat tsohoraacuteyimbrsquoyom shishi

ndash ken zeh yoacutefi shel ra-ayon aval brsquoyom shishi sogrim mukdamaz ani koacutedem tsrikhahhellip

Carry on with your friendrsquos answer as follows

1 hellip to get petrol for the car and khalot and a chicken forsupper

2 I want to go to the delicatessen to buy cheeses and olives

3 They close the post office at one orsquoclock so I also need tobuy stamps

4 I also need to buy a gift for my sonrsquos friend ndash maybe a bookor a nice pen

5 I have a hair appointment at two

6 Can we (lit lsquois it possiblersquo) to meet for coffee at three

Dialogue 2

Peter makes straight for the shoe shop what is wrong with the shoes

EgravelaquoIgrave divideEgravedivideEgrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

103

ndashdivideIumllaquoIgrave Aacutepermil Dagger˙ macrlaquopermil IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide IumlDaggermacrraquoAacute˙ permilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave divideEgravedivideEgrave

ndashIcircOcirc Ecircpermil EgravelaquoUgraveEgrave divideIuml macrUacuteEgravelaquoOcirc DaggermiddotIuml middotEgravelaquoIgrave divideEgravedivideEgrave OgravelaquosbquoEgraveIgrave OacuteraquobdquoIgrave DaggerEcirc DaggerEgrave

˜laquobdquoIgrave macrEgraveIcircpermilhellip

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEgravedivide IumlIcircIgrave UacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave IcircDaggerIumlpermil middotOacuteEgravebdquopermil DaggermacrmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave AcircDaggermacrmiddotUacute

permilOacutelaquoIcircmacrDaggerEgraveEcircpermil middotUacute Dagger˙permil OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUcirc divideAacutelaquo AacuteraquoIgrave Daggerlaquo middotEcircrsquo

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrpermilUacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave permilAacuteraquoOacutelaquo OacutelaquoDaggerlaquo AacuteOcirc middotUacuteEgraveEgrave IcircOacutepermil permilOcirc UacutelaquoIumllaquo

permilOacutelaquoIcircmacrOacuteDagger˙EgraveEgraveIgrave UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacuteEgravedividepermil divide˜IumlEgraveIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrpermilOcirc Egravemacrlaquo Egravedivide permilAacutepermil

The sales assistant fetches a pair and Peter tries them on

piter yesh lakhem na-alaacuteyim ka-eacuteleh ba-midah arba-imvrsquoarba

harsquomokheacuteret eyzeh tseacuteva atah ma-adif shakhor khum o bejpiter harsquona-alaacuteyim harsquokhumot mots-ot khen brsquoenay

kaacutemah hen olotharsquomokheacuteret mataacuteyim esrim vrsquokhamishah shkalim piter hen yekarot yesh hanakhahharsquomokheacuteret lo ani mitsta-eacuteret hen yekarot ki zeh mutag

mefursam

piter oy yesh laacutenu be-ayahharsquomokheacuteret mah harsquona-alaacuteyim tsarot lekhapiter lo aval ani lo Charli Chaplin yesh li gam reacutegel

smalit lo rak yemanit harsquomokheacuteret slikhah atah tsodek me-anyen mi no-el et harsquozug

harsquoakherpiter kanir-eh miacuteshehu im shtey raglaacuteyim smaliyot

aval ashirhellip

PETER Do you have some shoes like these in size 44SALES ASSISTANT Which colour do you prefer Black brown or beigePETER I like the brown shoes How much do they costSALES ASSISTANT 225 shekelsPETER Theyrsquore expensive is there a discountSALES ASSISTANT No Irsquom sorry Theyrsquore expensive because itrsquos a well-

known make


104

permilOacutelaquoIcircmacrIumlDagger DaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr permilOcirc Egravemacrlaquo IcircEgrave Ecircpermil Oacuteraquosbquo OacuteUgraveraquoOgraveIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerlaquoEgrave Egravedivide Iumlraquo middotUacuteEgravepermil

permilOacutelaquoIcircmacrOacutepermil permilUacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave macrlaquo IumlIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlDagger DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave IumlDagger rsquoIumlEgrave rsquoUgraveIumlEgraveOcirc Egravedivide IumlEgrave sbquoIgrave macrsbquoIuml lozOacuteDaggerIumlEgrave

IumlDagger macr EgraveOacuteEgrave

permilOacutelaquoIcircmacrOgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermil Dagger˙permil laquobdquo OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc OacuteEgrave laquoUacuteIuml Dagger˙ permilEcircraquosbquo permilDaggerAacutemacr

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIcircDaggerpermil OacuteEgravedividepermilraquo UacuteIgrave divide˙Egrave macrsbquoIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave lozOacuteDaggerIumlEgravelaquo DaggermiddotIuml UacutedivideEgravehellip

PETER Oh wersquove got a problemSALES ASSISTANT What are the shoes [too] tight for youPETER No but Irsquom not Charlie Chaplin I have a left foot

not just a right oneSALES ASSISTANT Sorry yoursquore right [It would be] interesting [to know]

who is wearing the other pairPETER Evidently someone with two left feet ndash but richhellip

Having two left feet is a way of saying that someone is clumsyin Hebrew as well as in English Israelis also use lsquotwo left handsrsquoin a similar way

He does not know how to open this window he has lsquotwo lefthandsrsquo

hu lo yodeacute-a ekh liftoacute-akh et harsquokhalon harsquozeh yesh lo shteyyadaacuteyim smaliyot

Vocabulary

sales assistant mokher(-et f)

like these ka-eacuteleh (mf pl)

(like this) (kazeh(m) kazot(f)

size midah (f)

colour tseacuteva (m)

black shakhor (shkhorah f)

brown khum (-ah f)

beige bej (mf spl)

I like (litrsquofind mots-ot khen brsquoenay charm in my eyesrsquo)

how muchmany kaacutemah

(they) cost olim G1

expensive yakar (yekarah f)

discount hanakhah (f)

make brand mutag (m)

famous mefursam(mefurseacutemet f)

permilraquoDagger IumlDagger EgravelaquobdquoUacute DaggerEgraveIacute IumlUgravelaquoAacute Dagger˙ permilAacuteIumllaquoOcircpermilEcircpermil Egravedivide Iumllaquo divide˙Egrave EgravebdquoEgraveEgraveIgravelozOacuteDaggerIumlEgravelaquohellip

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

105

OacutelaquoIcircmacr)(

IcircDaggerIumlpermil

)IcircEcircpermilIcircEcircDagger˙(

OacuteEgravebdquopermil

ˆmiddotUacute

divideAacutelaquo

AacuteraquoIgrave)permil(

middotEcircrsquo

OacutelaquoDaggerlaquo AacuteOcirc middotUacuteEgraveEgrave

IcircOacutepermil

UacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave )Uacute-Iuml-permil(

Egravemacr)permil(

permilAacutepermil

Oacuteraquosbquo

OacuteUgraveraquoOgraveIgrave)(

tight narrow tsar (tsarah f)

foot leg regel (raglaacuteyim f pl)

right (adj) yemani(-t f)

left (adj) smol (smalit f)

amis right tsodek G1

wear(s) (only for shoes) no-el G1

pair zug (m)

other different akher(-et f)

rich ashir(-ah f)

Note that the verb lsquofindrsquo mots-ot G1 must agree innumber and gender with its subject in this case lsquoshoesrsquo eg

I like the hat (lit lsquothe hat finds favour in my eyesrsquo)harsquokova motseh khen brsquoenay

often pronounced with stress at the beginning kaacutemah althoughthe correct form is to stress the last syllable

like are examples of feminine nouns whoseplurals resemble the masculine the accompanying adjectives agreewith the feminine gender

regel smalit na-alayim yekarot

Useful expressions

what is the price please mah harsquomekhir brsquovakashahHow much does it costkamah zeh oleh

Is there a discount yesh hanakhahWe have a special offeryesh lanu mivtsa myukhadYou get a 10 discount atah mekabel hanakhah asarah akhuzim

UacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave EgravemacrlaquosbquoIuml lozOacuteDaggerIumlEgrave

UacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgravemacrsbquoIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave

permilIcirclaquomiddotUacute OacutelaquoDagger AacuteOcirc middotUacuteEgraveEgrave

)Oacute--Dagger(

106

ˆmacr)permil(

macrsbquoIuml )sbquoIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave(

EgraveOacuteEgrave)(

lozOacuteDaggerIuml)Egrave(

ˆlaquobdquo )-bdquo-(

laquoUacuteIuml )-Uacute-Iuml(

Ecircraquosbquo

DaggerAacutemacr)(

UacutedivideEgrave)permil(

Oacutepermil permilOacuteAacuteEgravemiddotmiddot˜dividepermil

IcircOacutepermilEcircpermil UacutelaquoIumlpermil

Egravedivide permilAacutepermil

Egrave Iumlraquo OacutemiddotÛacuteOacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo

Dagger˙permil Oacute˜middotIuml permilAacutepermil Uacutelozmacrpermil

DaggerAacuteraquoEcircEgraveIgrave

It costs 300 sheacutekels with (lit lsquoafterrsquo) a discount zeh oleh 300 shekel akharey hanakhah

Is it possible to pay by cheque efshar lersquoshalem brsquotshek We do not accept chequesanakhnu lo mekablim tshekim

Do you accept credit cardsatem mekablim kartisey ashray

Exercise 8

Dialogue with a sales assistant Practise using

like thisthese kazeh kazotka-eacuteleh

New vocabulary

coat me-il (m)

red adom (adumah f)

look(s) for mekhapes(-et f)

Questions she-elot

I am looking for a coat like this one but in red How much is it

Do you have a special offer

Do you accept cheques or credit cards

divideDaggerIumllaquo

IcircEcircpermil IcircEcircDagger˙IcircDaggerIumlpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

107

Ecircpermil UacutelaquoIumlpermil divideIumllaquodivide OacuteDaggerlaquo divide˜Iuml

DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilAacutepermil

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlIumlIgrave middotˆrsquo

DaggerAacuteraquo )IumlDagger( Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave rsquoEgraveIgrave

Dagger˙Igrave Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave IcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgrave DaggerdivideDaggerEgrave

OacuteUacuteEgraveIuml

DaggerbdquolaquoIgrave)permil(

OacuteAacuteUgraveloz)(

Repliesanswers tshuvot

We do not have coats like these in red

We do have a special offer with (lit lsquoafterrsquo) a discount thecoat is 360 shekels

We donrsquot accept credit cards but we do accept cheques

Language Point

Numbers 11ndash1000000

The teens

Numbers from 11 to 19 are formed much as they are in Englishby adding the Hebrew equivalent of lsquoteenrsquo ndash esreh (f) asar (m) ndash to the unit number (Note that the pronunciationof 2 3 7 and 9 is slightly shortened)

Masculine Feminine

akhad-asar 11 akhat-esreh

shnem-asar 12 shtem-esreh

shloshah-asar 13 shlosh-esreh

arba-ah-asar 14 arba-esreh

khamishah-asar 15 khamesh-esreh

shishah-asar 16 shesh-esreh

shiv-ah-asar 17 shva-esreh

shmonah-asar 18 shmoneh-esreh

tish-ah-asar 19 tsha-esreh

UacutelozmacrUacutelozmacrpermil

˙divideraquomiddotlaquo

108

DaggerAacutebdquo-Uacutelozmacr

divideEgraveIgrave-Uacutelozmacr

divideIumllaquodividepermil-Uacutelozmacr

DaggermacrmiddotUacutepermil-Uacutelozmacr

AacuteOacuteEgravedividepermil-Uacutelozmacr

divideEgravedividepermil-Uacutelozmacr

dividemiddotUacutepermil-Uacutelozmacr

divideOacutelaquopermil-Uacutelozmacr

˙divideUacutepermil-Uacutelozmacr

DaggerAacute˙-Uacutelozmacrpermil

divide˙EgraveIgrave-Uacutelozmacrpermil

divideIumllaquodivide-Uacutelozmacrpermil

DaggermacrmiddotUacute-Uacutelozmacrpermil

AacuteOacutedivide-Uacutelozmacrpermil

dividedivide-Uacutelozmacrpermil

dividemiddotUacute-Uacutelozmacrpermil

divideOacutelaquopermil-Uacutelozmacrpermil

˙divideUacute-Uacutelozmacrpermil

The tens

Add lsquoimrsquo but notice the small vowel changes

MasculineFeminine

10 eacuteser

20 esrim

30 shloshim

40 arba-im

50 khamishim

60 shishim

70 shiv-im

80 shmonim

90 tish-im

The units are then added to the tens to form

55 khamishim vrsquokhamesh

78 shiv-im ursquoshmoacuteneh

NB Remember that the feminine form of the units is used whencounting but when qualifying nouns they will agree with the noun gender

24 buses esrim vrsquoarba-ah otobusim (m)

24 cars esrim vrsquoarba mekhoniyot (f)

UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave AcircDaggermacrmiddotUacute OacuteIcirclaquoEgravelaquo

UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave AcircDaggermacrmiddotUacutepermil DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgraveEgraveIgrave

dividemiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave AcircdivideOacutelaquopermil

AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

109

Uacutelozmacr


divideIumllaquodivideEgraveIgrave

DaggermacrmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave

AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveIgrave

divideEgravedivideEgraveIgrave

dividemiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave

divideOacutelaquoEgraveIgrave

˙divideUacuteEgraveIgrave

Hundreds

Add lsquohundredsrsquo me-ot to the unit number noticing thesmall vowels changes

MasculineFeminine

100 me-ah

200 matayim

300 shlosh me-ot

400 arba me-ot

500 khamesh me-ot

600 shesh me-ot

700 shva me-ot

800 shmoneh me-ot

900 tsha me-ot

Thousands

Add lsquothousandsrsquo alafim to the unit number which herebecomes the first word in the word pair eg shalosh ndash shloshet

MasculineFeminine

1000 eacutelef

2000 alpaacuteyim

3000 shloshet alafim

4000 arba-at alafim

5000 khameshet alafim

6000 sheshet alafim

7000 shiv-at alafim

8000 shmonat alafim

9000 tish-at alafim

10000 aseret alafim

20000 esrim eacutelef

100000 me-ah eacutelef

1000000 milyon

divideIumllaquodivide ndash divideIumllaquodivide˙

DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

OacuteDaggerlaquo

110

OacuteDaggerpermil

OacuteDagger˙EgraveEgraveIgrave

divideIumllaquodivide OacuteDaggerlaquo

DaggermacrmiddotUacute OacuteDaggerlaquo

AacuteOacutedivide OacuteDaggerlaquo

dividedivide OacuteDaggerlaquo

dividemiddotUacute OacuteDaggerlaquo

divideOacutelaquopermil OacuteDaggerlaquo

˙divideUacute OacuteDaggerlaquo

DaggerIumlUcirc

DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

divideIumllaquodivide˙ DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

DaggermacrmiddotUacute DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

AacuteOacutedivide˙ DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

dividedivide˙ DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

dividemiddotUacute DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

divideOacutelaquo DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

˙divideUacute DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

Uacutelozmacr DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave

UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave DaggerIumlUcirchellip

OacuteDaggerpermil DaggerIumlUcirchellip

OacuteEgraveIumlEgravelaquoOcirc

Exercise 9

Test your general knowledge and give your answer in Hebrew

1 How many days in February (27 or 28)

2 How many months is an African elephantrsquos pregnancy (12 18 or 22)

3 How tall is Mount Everest (in metres) (8848 or 10031)

4 Around what year did the prophet Muhammad have hisvision (in 595 or 610)

5 When was Sigmund Freud born (in 1856 1879 or 1895)

6 When did the first man walk on the moon (in 1965 1969 or1970)

7 How many final letters are there in the Hebrew alphabet (4 5 or 6)

Dialogue 3

Exercise 10

Peter makes his way to the SuperpharmBelow we have given you separately what the salesman(harsquomokher ) says and what Peter says in no particularorder A quick revision of prepositions and question words learntso far will help you put them in the correct order to composeDialogue 3 for yourself in no time

New vocabulary

to help la-azor G1

brush mivreacuteshet(f)

hair se-ar(f)

teeth shinaacuteyim(f pl)

soap sabon(m)

paste mishkhah(f)

AacuteOacutelaquoIcircmacr

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

111

IumlUacuteEcirclaquo )Uacute-Ecirc-(

Oacutemiddotdivide˙

lozUacutemacr

divideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

OgravemiddotlaquoOcirc

OacutedivideAacutepermil

side tsad(f)

shampoo shampo(m)

small change keacutesef katan

changesurplus oacutedef(m)

The dialogue begins with the sales assistant asking Peter if he canhelp

112

ˆbdquo

divideOacuteUgravelaquo

IcircOgraveUcirc EumlOcirc

UacutelaquobdquoUcirc

OacutelaquoIcircmacr hellip

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr hellip

OacutelaquoIcircmacr DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo Oacutemiddotdivide˙ Oacutemiddotdivide˙ lozUacutemacr Daggerlaquo lozEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

OacutelaquoIcircmacr divideIgrave middotˆbdquo lozOacuteDaggerIuml OacuteraquoIuml permildivideOacuteUgravelaquo Oacutepermil Uacutelaquobdquo Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute

OacutelaquoIcircmacr DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlUacuteEcirclaquo IumlIacute

OacutelaquoIcircmacr Oacutemiddotdividelaquo permillozUacutemacr UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilOgravemiddotlaquoOcirc

OacutelaquoIcircmacr divideIumllaquodivideEgraveIgrave raquodivideIumllaquodividepermil divide˜IumlEgraveIgrave middotmiddot˜dividepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute sbquoIgrave Dagger˙ Ecircpermil AcircsbquoIgrave Dagger˙ Ecircpermil DaggerEgraveUgravepermil Oacutemiddotdividelaquo permillozUacutemacr

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave IcircOgraveUcirc EumlOcirc Egravedivide IumlIacute UacutelaquobdquoUcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr Ecircpermil permilIcircIuml laquobdquopermil IcircOacutepermil Ecircpermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr IcircOcirc middotmiddot˜dividepermil DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute Oacutemiddotdivide˙

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr AcircDaggerEgraveUgravepermil Oacutemiddotdividelaquo permildivideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave AcircOacutedivideAacute˙ permildivideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

7Making arrangements


bull verbs ndash Group 2bull the direct object pronouns oti otkhabull the dual ending -ayimbull how to express age benbatbull the days of the week and ordinal numbers bull how to make comparisons pakhot o yoterbull all dayevery day kol harsquoyomkol yom

Dialogue 1

Maya is arranging her visit to Kibbutz Mishmar HarsquoShalom withPeter Here she is on the phone with her mother See what you canread and understand referring to the vocabulary list for new wordsbut without looking at the translation and transliteration Can yousay where she is phoning from and when she is planning to visit herparents Will anyone else be there

IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgraveIcircIuml EgravelaquoIgraveUgraveAacutelaquo Daggerlaquo Egravelaquomacr

middotOcircmiddot˙-EgraveEgraveIgrave

DaggerlaquoEgraveDaggerlaquoIacutehellip

OgraveEgravebdquoraquoEgraveIgrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerOacuteDagger IumllaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave OacuteÎumlÎuml OacutepermilOacutelozmacrbdquo Oacutepermil divideIumllaquoOacuteIacute

DaggerOacuteDaggerpermilIcircIuml middotOgravebdquomacr OacuteDaggerEgravepermil DaggerEgrave EgravelaquobdquoUacute divideDagger˙ UacuteOgraveraquopermil DaggermiddotIuml Oacute˙Egrave

macrlaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave DaggerlaquoIacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEcircDagger˙ middotbdquoEgraveraquo permilOgraveEgravemiddotpermil divideDaggerEgrave Oacutebdquomiddotmacr OacutepermilOacutelozmacrbdquo DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙

IumlmiddotlaquoDagger IumlmiddotEgraveraquo UacuteIgrave EgravebdquoEgravebdquo OacutepermilUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil permilraquoDagger OacuteDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermil AcircIcirclaquomiddot

OacuteDaggerOacutemacr UacuteIuml permilAacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave middotDaggermacrı Acirclaquopermil IcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc Iumlmiddot˜macr sbquoIgrave middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı

DaggerAacuteraquo EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlmiddotlaquoDagger IumlDagger˙ OgravelaquoUcirc permildividemiddotraquoUacute

DaggerOacuteDaggerAcircAcircbdquoDaggerEgrave middotmacrˆlaquoOcirc macrmiddot Dagger˙Igrave EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlpermilEgravedivideDaggermacr Iumldividemiddot˙

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc IumlOacutepermil IumlDagger laquobdquopermil

maya iacutema shalom ani metsaltseacutelet meharsquomisrad mahshlomekh

iacutema harsquokol brsquoseacuteder maya ani yoda-at shersquoat asukah avalmatay ro-im otakh

maya zot brsquodiyuk harsquosibah shersquoani medabeacuteret mersquoharsquomisrad anikhosheacutevet lrsquoavo lrsquobikur im yadid mersquoharsquoavodah humersquoangliyah vrsquokotev ma-amar al harsquokhayim barsquoaacuteretsvrsquorotseh kamuvan lersquovaker gam barsquokibuts anaacutekhnuyekholim lrsquoavo likrat sof harsquoshavuacute-a

iacutema vaday brsquoratson rav atem yekholim lrsquohisha-er lrsquoshabatmaya ken laacutemah lo todahiacutema gam yael vrsquoro-i ba-im brsquoshabat im harsquoyladot at zokheacuteret

shersquolrsquodaacutenah yesh yom huleacutedet brsquood yomaacuteyim hi kvar batshmoacuteneh mamash kasheh lrsquoha-amin

maya ken at tsodeacuteket yesh lakh ra-ayon mah lirsquoknot lahmatanah

iacutema she-elah kashah yesh lah harsquokol barukh harsquoshem ulaypashut takhshit katan o maacuteshehu larsquose-ar yesh lakhbikhlal zman lersquokhapes

MAYA Hi mum Irsquom ringing from the office How are youMOTHER Everythingrsquos fine Maya I know yoursquore busy but when do we

see youMAYA Thatrsquos exactly why (lit lsquothe reasonrsquo) Irsquom speaking from the

office Irsquom thinking of coming to visit with a friend from workHersquos from England and is writing an article on life in Israeland of course he wants to visit the kibbutz too Can we cometowards the end of the week

MOTHER Of course with great pleasure Can you stay for ShabbatMAYA Yes why not ThanksMOTHER Yael and Ro-i are also coming on Shabbat with the girls You

remember that Danahrsquos birthday is in a couple of days Shersquosalready eight years old Itrsquos really hard to believe

114

DaggerOacuteDaggersbquoIgrave EgraveUacuteIuml AcirclaquoUacuteEgrave middotDaggerEgraveIgrave middotdividemiddot˙ UacuteIgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquolaquo Dagger˙ EcirclaquoIcircmacr divideIumlbdquopermil

Egravedivide EgravelaquoIgrave permilraquoIumlbdquo middotUacutelaquobdquo EgravelaquoOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave permilEgraveDagger Icircmiddotmacr middot˙ 8 OacuteOacutedivide dividepermil

IumlpermilDaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc Dagger˙ laquobdquo˙ Egravedivide IumlIacute macrUacuteEgravelaquoOcirc Oacutepermil Iumllaquo Iumlpermil Oacute˙permil

DaggerOacuteDaggerdivideDaggerIumlpermil dividepermil Egravedivide Iumlpermil permilIcircIuml middotmacrraquoIacute permildivideIgrave DaggerraquoIumlEgrave UgravedivideraquoEuml IcircdivideEgraveEuml

˜EumlOcirc Daggerlaquo Oacutedividepermilraquo IumllozUacutemacr Egravedivide IumlIacute middotIcircIumlIuml EcircOacuteOcirc IumlAacuteUgraveloz

MAYA Yes yoursquore right Do you have an idea of what to buy her as a present

MOTHER Difficult question She has everything thank God (litlsquoblessed is the namersquo) Maybe simply a little piece of jewelry or something for the hair [But] do you have time at all to look

Vocabulary

call(s) ring(s) metsaltseacutelet G2

busy asuk(-ah f)

you (direct obj) otakh (f sing)

reason sibah (f)

speak(s) is speaking medabeacuteret G2

friend yadid (yedidah f)

article ma-amar (m)

towards likrat

end sof (m)

weekend sof shavuacute-a

certainly definitely vaday

with pleasure willingly brsquoratson rav(lit lsquowith much willingnessrsquo)

why laacutemah

remember(s) zokher G1

birthday yom huleacutedet

in a couple of days brsquood yomaacuteyim

eight years old bat shmoacuteneh(lit lsquodaughter of eightrsquo)

difficult hard kasheh(-ah f) adverb + adj

to believe lrsquoha-amin

question shersquoelah (f)

Thank God (lit lsquoblessed barukh harsquoshem is the Namersquo)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

115

OacuteÎumlÎuml )-Iuml--Iuml(

UacuteOgraveraquo)permil(

DaggerlaquoIacute

OgraveEgravemiddotpermil

Oacutebdquomiddotmacr )bdquo-middot-(

EgravebdquoEgravebdquo)permil(

OacuteDaggerOacutemacr

IumlDagger˙

OgravelaquoUcirc

OgravelaquoUcirc dividemiddotraquoUacute

AcircAcircbdquoDaggerEgrave

middotmacrˆlaquoOcirc macrmiddot

IumlOacutepermil

EcirclaquoIcircmacr )Ecirc-Icirc-(

EgravelaquoIgrave permilraquoIumlbdquo

middotUacutelaquobdquo EgravelaquoOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave

middot˙ 8

˜dividepermil


˘DaggerIumlpermil

middotmacrraquoIacute permildivideIgrave

simplysimple pashut (pshutah f) adverb + adj

jewelry takhshit (m)

something maacuteshehu

generally at all bikhlal

to look for lersquokhapes G2

The masculine singular of a fair number of adjectives are alsoused as adverbs describing lsquothe manner in whichrsquo

He works hard hu oved kasheh

They simply donrsquot want to go hem pashut lo rotsim larsquolekhet

Language points

Verb Group 2

Group 2 verbs add the prefix to the root letters in the presenttense Although you wonrsquot see the prefix in the infinitive you willbe able to recognize this verb grouprsquos distinctive sound patternConsider the verbs below (a couple of which are already familiarto you)

Root Infinitive To speak talk lersquodaber

medaber Masculine singular

medabeacuteret Feminine singular

medabrim Masculine plural

medabrot Feminine plural DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircOacutebdquomiddotmacrlaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgraveOacutebdquomiddotmacrEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerOacutebdquomiddotmacr

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerOacutebdquomiddotmacr

Iumlbdquomiddotmacrbdquo-middot-

Oacute

permilIgrave UgravedivideraquoEuml IumlDagger macrlaquoEgraveIgrave IumlIumlIcirc

permilraquoDagger Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo dividepermil

116

UgravedivideraquoEuml)permil(

˙IcircdivideEgraveEuml

Oacutedividepermilraquo

middotIcircIumlIuml

IumlAacuteUgravedivide

Examples She talks the whole time hi medabeacuteret kol harsquozman

We donrsquot accept cheques anaacutekhnu lo mekablim chekim

They do not call on the Sabbathhem lo metsaltselim barsquoshabat

More verbs in the same group

to search lersquokhapes


to pay lersquoshalem

to receiveget lersquokabel

to tour travel around lersquotayel

to arrange lersquosader

to cook lersquovashel

to repair lersquotaken

Note that some verbs in Group 2 have a root of four letters twoof which are repeated However the conjugation follows the samepattern

Root Infinitive To ring lersquotsaltsel

metsaltsel Masculine singular

metsaltseacutelet Feminine singular

metsaltselim Masculine plural

metsaltselot Feminine plural DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircOacuteÎumlÎumllaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgraveOacuteÎumlÎumlEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerOacuteÎumlÎuml

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerOacuteÎumlÎuml

IumlÎumlÎumlˆ-Iuml--Iuml

permilIgrave IumlDagger OacuteÎumlÎumlEgraveIgrave middotdividemiddot˙

DaggerAacuteraquo IumlDagger Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave rsquoEgraveIgrave

permilEgraveDagger Oacutebdquomiddotmacr IcircIuml permilEcircOacuteOcirc

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

117

IumlAacuteUgraveloz )Aacute-Ugrave-loz(

Iumlmiddot˜macr )middot--(

IumldivideIumlIgrave )divide-Iuml-Igrave(

IumlmiddotIuml )-middot-Iuml(

IumlEumlEgraveEgraveIuml )Euml-Egrave-Iuml(

IumlOgravebdquomacr )Ograve-bdquo-(

IumlmiddotdivideIuml )middot-divide-Iuml(

IumlÕcirc )--Ocirc(

More verbs in this group

to scorn lersquozalzel

to spoil damage ruin lersquokalkel

to chatter lersquofatpet

to scribble rattle babble idle chatter lersquokashkesh

to confuse mix up lersquovalbel

These expressive verbs often crop up in idiomatic phrases

Donrsquot talk nonsense (lit lsquodonrsquot chatter away in the kettlersquo) al tekashkesh barsquokumkum

Donrsquot mess me about (lit lsquodonrsquot confuse the mindrsquo) al tevalbel et harsquomoacute-akh

Exercise 1

How would you say

She is paying in cash They (m) are cooking fresh soup He cannot repair these shoes No problem Irsquom arranging everything She is ringing from home They are ruining their son

Exercise 2

Play around with the words to make sense of the followingsentences (See our suggestions in the answers section)

New vocabulary

vehicle car reacutekhev (m)

Exampleincorrect

barsquosuperfarm mevashlim steykimin the Superpharm they cook steaks

middotOgraveraquoUgravemacr UgraveDaggerIgrave OacutemiddotdivideIumlEgraveIgrave OgraveEumlEgraveEgraveIgrave

macrIcircmiddot

DaggerIuml middotIumlmiddotIuml Dagger˙ permilOacuteAcircAacute

DaggerIuml ˜divide˜divide middot˜raquoOacute˜raquoIgrave

118

IumlEcircIumlEcircIuml

IumlIumlIuml

IumlUgraveEumlUgraveEuml

Iumldivide˜divide

IumlmiddotIumlmiddotIuml

incorrectbarsquomis-adah mokhrim kosmeacutetikah

in the restaurant they sell cosmeticsAnswer

correct

correct

brsquokhanut kley ktivah konim delek

et harsquose-ar mesadrim barsquomusakh

barsquobank mekablim rak anglit

barsquomisparah medabrim gam mezuman

harsquoreacutekhev metaknim brsquovet mirkakhat

brsquotakhanat harsquodeacutelek mekhapsim efronot

The particle et + pronoun endings

We have seen (pp 57ndash8) that definite direct objects must bepreceded by in Hebrew

He is opening a bottle of wine hu poteacute-akh bakbuk yaacuteyin

He is opening the bottle hu poteacute-akh et harsquobakbuk

Pronouns replace specific persons or things and are therefore defi-nite by nature Instead of using two separate words Hebrewattaches pronoun endings (see pp 74ndash5) to the particle

otam(n) etkhem(n) otaacutenu otah oto otakh otkha oti

them(mf) you(mfpl) us her him you(f) you(m) me

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger UgravelaquoAacute Dagger˙permilmiddot˜middotraquo

permilraquoDagger UgravelaquoAacute middot˜middotraquo EgraveEgraveOcirc

Dagger˙

Dagger˙

middotOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil OacutelaquoIcircmacrEgraveIgrave laquoOgraveOacuteEumlEgravepermil11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

119

middotOgraveraquoUgravemacr UgraveDaggerIgrave OacutelaquoIcircmacrEgraveIgrave laquoOgraveOacuteEumlEgravepermil

OgraveEumlEgraveEgraveIgrave OacutemiddotdivideIumlEgraveIgrave middotOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

middotAacuteraquo IcircIumlEgrave IcircEgravemiddotpermil laquoEgraveIgrave bdquoIuml

Dagger˙ permillozUacutemacr OacuteOgravebdquomacrEgraveIgrave middotOacuteraquoOgraveIacute

middotmiddot Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave macr DaggersbquoIumlEgrave

middotOacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil OacutebdquomiddotmacrEgraveIgrave sbquoIgrave OacuteEcircraquoOacuteOcirc

Dagger˙ permilmacrIcircmiddot Oacute˙˜EgraveIgrave middotmiddotEgrave OacutemacrAacute˙

middot˙Aacute permilbdquoIuml OacuteAacuteUgravelozEgraveIgrave UacuteUgravemacrlaquolaquo

DaggerEgraveDagger˙permilDagger˙permilraquoDaggerpermilEgraveDaggerDaggerAacuteraquoDagger˙Igrave)Ocirc(permilIgrave)Ocirc(

DaggerlaquoEgraveDaggerlaquoIacuteDaggerlaquoIacuteDaggerlaquolaquoDaggerlaquopermilDaggerlaquoraquoDagger˙IcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerlaquoIgrave)Ocirc(

Examples

They want to meet him at the office hem rotsim lirsquofgosh oto barsquomisrad

She likes the shoes very much but in the end doesnrsquot buy themhi me-od oheacutevet et harsquona-alaacuteyim aval barsquosof lo konah otan

Exercise 3

Replace the words in brackets with the correct pronouns (you willfind transliteration and translation in the answers section)

Example

gadi ro-eh et harsquoakhot shel tamar = gadi ro-eh otah

Gadi sees Tamarrsquos sister = Gadi sees her

(Note that in Hebrew as in English a pronoun can replace aphrase as well as a single word)

The dual ending -aacuteyim ndash

Hebrew has another ending to indicate the plural known as thelsquodual endingrsquo While it is not always the case (viz lsquowaterrsquo maacuteyim

) it can indicate two of something and is appropriatelycommon with nouns implying a pair In the last unit we came acrosslsquoshoesrsquo na-alaacuteyim lsquoglassesrsquo mishkafaacuteyim andlsquotrousersrsquo mikhnasaacuteyim Note that the stress falls on thepenultimate rather than on the last syllable) We also see it with

OacuteIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveIgraveOacutedivide˜UgraveEgraveEgraveIgraveUacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave

OacuteEgraveIgrave

EgraveEgraveIgrave

sbquobdquoEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil Dagger˙ )permilDaggerAacutelaquo Iuml Oacutemacr( = sbquobdquoEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil Daggerlaquopermil

permilEgraveDagger OacuteDaggerbdquo Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ Dagger˙ permilUacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml middotOgravelaquoUcirc IumlDagger laquopermil DaggerlaquoOcirc

permilIgrave macrlaquoEgraveIgrave IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide Daggerlaquolaquo middotOacutelozmacrbdquo

120

1bdquoEgrave laquopermil )middotraquoIumlEgraveIgrave( ______ middotbdquolaquoDaggermacr

2Dagger˙ OacutemiddotIumlmiddotIuml )Dagger˙ DaggerEgrave( ________

3permilpermillaquoEgraveIgrave IumlDagger macrlaquoEgraveIgrave IumlIumlIuml )Dagger˙ permilmiddot˙ divideIumlpermilIgrave( ________

4bdquoIumlEgravepermil Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ IumlmiddotIuml )Oacute˙laquo( ________

5Oacute˙Egrave DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlDaggerlaquo )Dagger˙ Dagger˙Igrave( _______

nouns designating parts of the body such as lsquoleg footrsquoregelraglaacuteyim

And it can also be used with numbers and some units of time

month khoacutedesh months khodashim twomonths khodshaacuteyim

Exercise 4

Can you pronounce and work out the meaning of the following

How old are you benbat kamah at(ah)

If you want to ask someone how old they are in Hebrew you say

Daughterson (of) how many [years] are you

The answer is I am sondaughter of ___ [years] ani benbat esrim

How old is he ben kamah hu

My son is two years old harsquoben sheli hu ben shnataacuteyim

Can you say how old you are (We wonrsquot tell hellip)

Age of inanimate objects can be expressed similarly

This table is two hundred years old harsquoshulkhan harsquozeh ben mataacuteyim shanah

Exercise 5

You are looking at a family photo with an elderly relative whowants to remember who everyone is and how old they are tell her

This is (lit lsquoThese arersquo) David and Nilly He is 27 and she is 24This is their baby He is 14 months old and is already walking

permildivideraquoIumlAacuteOcirc permilEcircpermil middotOcirc OacuteDagger˙EgraveEgraveIgrave dividepermil

permilmiddotOcirc divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger middotOcirc divideEgraveEgraveIgrave

middotOcirc IcircOacutepermil permilraquoDagger

DaggerEgrave middotOcircmiddot˙ UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave

middotOcircmiddot˙ IcircOacutepermil Dagger˙)permil(

divideUacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave EgravelaquoOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave dividemiddotraquoUacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave divideEgraveEgraveIgrave OacuteDagger˙EgraveEgraveIgrave DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

AacutelaquobdquodivideEgraveEgraveIgraveAacutelaquobdquodivideEgraveIgraveAacutelaquobdquodivide

macrsbquoIumlsbquoIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

121

This is Martin my fatherrsquos brother Hersquos already 65 and this ishis son Gal 30 years old and not married

This is my cousin Michal Shersquos 19 a student at Tel AvivUniversity

The small boy on the left-hand side hersquos Martinrsquos grandson(neacutekhed ) from his daughter Hersquos 8 years old

Dialogue 2

Maya is discussing her plans with Rachel her colleague

rakhel az lrsquokamah zman at nosaacute-atmaya ani rotsah lirsquogmor et harsquoavodah mukdam brsquoyom shishi o

afiacutelu larsquotset brsquoyom khamishi barsquolaacuteylah kdey lo lrsquohitakabarsquopkakim brsquoyom shabat ani etsel harsquohorim im pitermirsquoyom rishon anaacutekhnu metaylim barsquogalil yom rishonbirsquotsfat yom sheni ad revi-i barsquokineacuteret

rakhel zot tokhnit tovah yoter tov me-asher lirsquohiyot kol yombrsquomakom akher zeh stam mevalbel vrsquolo zokhrim barsquosofdavar mersquoharsquotiyul az im kakh at nosaacute-at lrsquokol harsquoshavuacute-a

maya at lo merakheacutemet alay nakhonrakhel mamash lo eacuteyzeh kef hu kotev et harsquoma-amar vrsquomah at

osah

Icircbdquo

122

macrAacuteIumlDaggerEcirc IumlIcircOacutepermil EcircOacuteOcirc Dagger˙ laquoOgraveUacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumlsbquoOacutelaquo Dagger˙ permilUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil OacuteraquobdquoIgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave divideEgravedivideEgrave Daggerlaquo

DaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquo IumlˆDagger˙ middotEgravelaquoIgrave AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgrave middotIumlEgraveIumlpermil IcircbdquoEgrave IumlDagger IumlpermilEgrave˜Uacute

middotUgrave˜EgraveIgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave dividemiddot˙ DaggerEgrave DaggerÎuml permilpermillaquoEgraveIgrave UacuteIgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr OacuteEgravelaquoIgrave

DaggerdividelaquoOcirc DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteEumlEgraveEgraveIumlEgraveIgrave middotsbquoIumlEgraveIuml EgravelaquoIgrave DaggerdividelaquoOcirc middotÛgrave EgravelaquoIgrave divideEgrave

Uacutebdquo macrmiddotEgraveUacuteEgrave middotIcirc˙

macrAacuteIumlEcircDagger˙ IcircEgrave Eumllaquomiddotpermil Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot OacuteDaggerdividemacr IumlpermilEgravelaquo IcircIuml EgravelaquoIgrave middotOacute˜laquoIgrave

DaggerAacutemacr Ecircpermil Ograve˙Igrave OacutemiddotIumlmiddotIuml AcircIumlDagger EcirclaquoIcircmacrEgraveIgrave middotOgravelaquoUcirc bdquomiddotmacr OacutepermilEumlEgraveraquoIuml DaggerEcirc

DaggerIgrave IcircIacute Dagger˙ laquoOgraveUacute IumlIcircIuml permildividemiddotraquoUacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDagger˙ IumlDagger OacutemacrAacuteOacute˙ UacuteIumlEgrave IcirclaquoOcirc

macrAacuteIumlOacuteOacutedivide IumlDagger DaggerEgraveEcircpermil IcircEgraveUcirc permilraquoDagger Icirclaquomiddot Dagger˙ permilOacuteDaggerOacutemacr AcircOacutepermil Dagger˙

Uacutelaquodividepermil

RACHELSo how long are you travelling forMAYA Irsquod like to finish work early on Friday or even leave Thursday

night not to get stuck in the traffic jams On Saturday Irsquom atmy parentsrsquo with Peter On Sunday wersquore touring in theGalilee Sunday in Safed Monday until Wednesday on the Seaof Galilee

RACHEL Itrsquos a good plan Better than being in a different place everyday thatrsquos just confusing and you donrsquot remember anything ofthe trip in the end So if thatrsquos the case yoursquoll be going awayfor the whole week

MAYA Yoursquove no sympathy for me have you (lit lsquorightrsquo) RACHELAbsolutely not What fun Hersquos writing the article and what are

you doing

For the days of the week see the language point below

Vocabulary

to finish lirsquogmor G1

to go out leave larsquotset G1

in order to kedey (+ infinitive)

to get stuck lrsquohitaka

traffic jam (also plug) pkak (m)

at with at the home of etzel

Galilee galil

morehellip than yoterhellip mi (mersquoasher)

to be lirsquohiyot

just merely stam

thing davar (m)

tour trip tiyul (m)

thus so im kakh

whole entire shalem (shlemah f)

pity have sympathy for merakheacutemet (f) al G2

fun kef (m)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

123

IumlsbquoOacutelaquo )sbquo-Oacute-(

IumlˆDagger˙ )Egrave--Dagger(

IcircbdquoEgrave

IumlpermilEgrave˜Uacute

Ugrave˜

DaggerÎuml

sbquoIumlEgraveIuml

EgravelaquohellipOacute)OacuteDaggerdividemacr(

IumlpermilEgravelaquo

Ograve˙Igrave

bdquomiddotmacr

EumlEgraveraquoIuml

DaggerIgrave IcircIacute

divideIumlIgrave)permil(

OacutemacrAacuteOacute˙ UacuteIuml )-Aacute-Igrave(

IcircEgraveUcirc

Language points

Days of the week and ordinal numbers

In Dialogue 1 above Maya refers to yom shishi yom khamishiyom shabat ndash the days of the week Hebrew uses ordinals to namethe days echoing the order of creation in that first week in Genesis

Ordinals have both masculine and feminine forms and follow thenoun Yoursquoll notice that apart from lsquofirstrsquo which comes from rosh

lsquoheadrsquo ordinals derive from the cardinals you have alreadylearnt with some vowel changes Generally lsquoirsquo is added for themasculine and lsquoitrsquo for the feminine

1st rishon(-ahf)

2nd sheni(shniyah)

3rd shlishi(-t)

4th revi-i(-t)

5th khamishi(-t)

6th shishi(-t)

7th shvi-i(-t)

8th shmini(-t)

9th tshi-i(-t)

10th asiri(-t)

lsquoDayrsquo yom is masculine in Hebrew so the days of the weekuse the masculine form of the ordinals The last day of the weekthe seventh day Saturday is a day of rest in the Bible the Sabbathshabat So the first day of the week in Israel yom rishon

is Sunday

Israelis also often use the Aleph Bet letters to specify the days ofthe week mostly in writing

EgravelaquoIgrave DaggerdividelaquoOcircdividemiddot˙

EgravelaquoIgrave

EgraveEgrave

Daggerdivide

124

DaggerdividelaquoOcirc)permil(

divideEgrave)permil(

divideIumlEgravedivideEgrave)(

macrmiddotEgraveUacuteEgrave)(

AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgrave)(

divideEgravedivideEgrave)(

dividemiddotEgraveUacuteEgrave)(

divideOacuteEgraveEgrave)(

˙divideEgraveUacuteEgrave)(

UacutelozEgraveEgrave)(

Sunday yom rishonyom aleph

Monday yom sheniyom bet

Tuesday yom shlishiyom gimmel

Wednesday yom revi-iyom dalet

Thursday yom khamishiyom hey

Friday yom shishiyom vav

Saturday yom shabat

Sabbath shabat

Exercise 6

We say the same thing

Match these idiomatic Hebrew phrases with their English equivalent

Examplesecond fiddle kinor sheni

barsquoraki-a harsquoshvi-i

brsquomabat rishon

khush shishi

hizdamnut shniyah

gaacuteyis khamishi

sixth sense at first sight a fifth column in seventh heaven a second chance

IcircEgravelaquo divideEgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

125

EgravelaquoIgrave DaggerdividelaquoOcircEgravelaquoIgrave Daggerrsquo

EgravelaquoIgrave divideEgraveEgravelaquoIgrave middotrsquo

EgravelaquoIgrave divideIumlEgravedivideEgraveEgravelaquoIgrave sbquorsquo

EgravelaquoIgrave macrmiddotEgraveUacuteEgraveEgravelaquoIgrave bdquorsquo

EgravelaquoIgrave AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveEgravelaquoIgrave permilrsquo

EgravelaquoIgrave divideEgravedivideEgraveEgravelaquoIgrave Acircrsquo

EgravelaquoIgrave dividemiddot˙

dividemiddot˙

middotmacrEgraveUacute permildividemiddotEgraveUacuteEgrave

middotOacutemiddotEuml DaggerdividelaquoOcirc

Aacuteraquodivide divideEgravedivideEgrave

permilEcircbdquoOacuteraquo divideEgraveEgravepermil

sbquoEgraveOgrave AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgrave

Comparing

Equivalence

To liken one thing to another you use krsquo or kmo

Hersquos not as clever as Einstein but (hersquos) taller hu lo khakham kmokrsquoaynshtayn aval yoter gavoacutehah

I am looking for a dress like this and trousers like those ani mekhapeacuteset simlah kazot vrsquomikhnasaacuteyim karsquoeacuteleh

NB lsquokarsquo here is a contraction of krsquo + the definite article lsquoharsquo (see p 80 )

More or less pakhot o yoter

To compare people or objects you insert the adverbs lsquomorersquo yoteror lsquolessrsquo pakhot before or after the adjective you are

qualifying lsquoThanrsquo is expressed by the preposition mirsquo or the fullform mersquoasher

Example The Dead Sea is less hot than the Sea of Galileeyam harsquomeacutelakh yoter kham mirsquoyam kineacuteret

and smaller (lit lsquoless bigrsquo) than the Mediterraneanursquopakhot gadol mersquoasher harsquoyam harsquotikhon

Itrsquos easier to cook for ten than to look for a birthday presentfor my husband yoter kal lersquovashel lrsquoasarah mersquoasher lersquokhapes matanah lrsquoyomharsquohuleacutedet shel harsquobaacute-al sheli

Note that unlike mirsquo (from) does not contract before theOacuteƒ

Egravelaquomacr Iuml IumlmiddotdivideIuml IumlUacutelozmacrpermil OacuteDagger˘macr IumlAacuteUgraveloz Oacute˙permil IumlEgravelaquoIgrave permilpermilraquoIumlbdquo divideIumlpermilmiddotUacuteIuml divideIumlEgrave

AcircUgraveAacutelaquo sbquobdquolaquoIuml OacuteDaggerdividemacr permilEgraveIgrave permil˙EgraveIcirclaquoOcirc

EgraveIgrave permilOacuteIumlAacute Egravelaquomacr AacuteIgrave OacuteEgraveIgrave Icirc˙

OacuteDaggerdividemacrOacute

UgraveAacutelaquoEgravelaquomacr

UgraveAacutelaquo Daggerlaquo Egravelaquomacr

ƒ + permil = ƒ

DaggerEgrave OacuteAacuteUgravedivide˙ lozOacuteIumlpermil IcircEcircDagger˙ AcircOacuteIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave IcircDaggerIumlpermil

permilraquoDagger IumlDagger AacuteIcircIgrave IcircDaggerEgravedivideEumlEgraveEgraveOcircIcircOacutelaquo DaggerEgravedivideEumlEgraveEgraveOcirc DaggermiddotIuml Egravelaquomacr sbquomiddotlaquopermil

Icirc∆OacutelaquoIcirc

126

definite article but the pronunciation changes from lsquomirsquo tomersquoharsquo

Martin is older than his brother martin yoter mevugar mersquoharsquoakh shelo

Too muchtoo little yoter midaypakhot miday

The dress is too big harsquosimlah yoter miday gdolah or harsquosimlah gdolah miday

NB Without lsquotoorsquo miday must comeafter the adjective

Not enough lo maspik

This soup is not hot enough harsquomarak harsquozeh lo maspik kham

Exercise 7

New vocabulary

dark keheh (kehah f)wide rakhav (rekhavah f)

Rearrange these words to form sentences

macrAacutemiddotIcircpermilpermil

permilOacutemacr permilEcircpermil IumlDagger OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave AacuteIgrave

IumlDagger OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave

OacutebdquoEgrave)Egravelaquomacr( OacutebdquoEgrave)UgraveAacutelaquo( OacutebdquoEgrave

permillozOacuteIumlpermil Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermilpermillozOacuteIumlpermil sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermil OacutebdquoEgrave

)Egravelaquomacr( OacutebdquoEgrave)UgraveAacutelaquo( OacutebdquoEgrave

OacuteEumlEgraveOcirc Egravelaquomacr Oacutemiddotraquosbquo OacutepermilDaggerAacute divideIumllaquo

OacutepermilhellipOacute1111

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

127

1EcircOacuteOcirc DaggerEgrave Egravelaquomacr UacuteOgraveraquo IumlEgrave OacutebdquoEgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc

2OacutepermilUacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave Egravelaquomacr permilsbquomiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave EgravemacrEgraveIgrave

3OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave permilOacuteIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave IumlDagger macrAacutemiddotEgraveIgrave

4lozOacuteIumlpermil OacuteAacuteUgraveloz˙ IcircEcircDagger˙ UgraveAacutelaquo DaggermiddotIuml Icircpermilpermil DaggerEgravemiddotˆmiddotUacute

5IumlIumlIcirc Egravelaquomacr IumlAacute˙ middotmacrsbquoIuml OacuteDagger˘macr Dagger˙ Eumllaquomiddot permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

Kol ndash each and every and sometimes theentire thinghellip

You have come across this important word before Letrsquos look closerat how it worksNotice the difference

I work every day ani oveacutedet kol yom

I work the whole day ani oveacutedet kol harsquoyom

We live in the city all year but thank God every year we goaway for a holiday anaacutekhnu garim kol harsquoshanah ba-ir avaltodah la-el kol shanah anaacutekhnu yotsim lrsquokhufshah

does not change with number or gender

The whole family is coming to the kibbutz for the Sabbathkol harsquomishpakhah ba-ah larsquokibuts lrsquoshabat

Not every tourist visits theGalileelo kol tayar mevaker barsquogalil

can also take the pronounendings to express lsquoall of mersquo lsquoall ofitrsquo lsquoall of themrsquo etc (see thePrepositions chart p 348ndash9) Youare very likely to come across thephrase lsquoall of usrsquo kulanu andparticularly lsquoall of themrsquo meaninglsquoeveryonersquo kulam

Note how the vowel changes fromlsquoorsquo to lsquoursquo

IcircraquoIumlIgrave

IcircraquoIumlraquo

IcircIuml

IumlDagger IcircIuml EgraveEgrave Oacutemiddot˜macr middotsbquoIumlEgraveIuml

IcircIuml permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil middotDaggerpermil IumlEgravemiddotraquoı Iumldividemiddot˙

IcircIuml

DaggerAacuteraquo sbquoEgraveIgrave IcircIuml permildividepermilmiddotUacuteEgrave DaggermiddotIuml laquobdquopermil IumlDaggerIuml DaggerAacuteraquo EgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave

IcircIuml dividepermilIumlAacuteraquoUgravedividepermil

DaggerEgrave Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave

DaggerEgrave Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo IcircIumlEgravelaquoIgrave

IcircIuml

128

Everyone thinks that the bus is better than the train

kulam khoshvim shersquoharsquootobus yoter tov mersquoharsquorakeacutevet

Have you taken all this in kol harsquokavod

This common Israeli expression means lsquowell donersquo literally lsquoallrespect [is due to you]rsquo

You have run the Marathon ndash

You have almost completed seven units of a Hebrew course ndash

Exercise 8

Read the dialogue and answer the questions below

New vocabulary

customer lakoacute-akh(-khah f)

wedding khatunah (f)

laugh(s) tsokheacuteket (f) G1

silk meacuteshi (m)

festive khagigi(-t f)

long arokh (arukah f)

[itrsquos] not terrible lo noraie never mind

ready mukhan(-ah f)

IcircIuml permilIcircmiddotlaquobdquo


)Icircmiddotlaquobdquo(


IcircraquoIumlIgrave AacutelaquodividemiddotEgraveIgrave dividepermilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot OacutepermilmacrIcircmiddot˙

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

129

IumllaquoAacutepermil

Aacute˙raquopermil

ˆlaquoAacute˜˙ )-Aacute-(

OacutedivideEgrave

AacutesbquoEgravesbquoEgrave)(

DaggermacrlaquoIacute )Icircpermil(

IumlDagger laquoDagger

OacuteraquoIcircOcirc)permil(

IumllaquoAacutepermilDaggerEgrave OacuteAacuteUgraveloz˙ lozOacuteIuml Uacutemacrmiddot OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo IumlAacute˙raquopermil divideIuml permilmiddot˙ divideIumlEgrave

OacutelaquoIcircmacrIcircIuml permillozOacuteIumllaquo divideIumlraquo OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquolaquo

IumllaquoAacutepermil )laquoAacute˜˙( Egravedivide IumlIacute Oacutedividepermilraquo Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave OacuteOacutedivideEgrave

OacutelaquoIcircmacrEgravedivide IumlEgrave lozOacuteIumlpermil divideAacutelaquopermil OacuteOacutedivideEgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo AacutesbquoEgravesbquoEgrave

IumllaquoAacutepermilDaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr permillozOacuteIumlpermil Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave DaggermacrraquoIcircpermil

OacutelaquoIcircmacrIumlDagger laquoDagger DaggerAacuteraquo Oacute˙˜EgraveIgrave middotOacute˜laquoIgrave DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide IumlEgrave sbquoIgrave Oacutedividepermilraquo

DaggerAacutemacr middotOacuteEgravebdquopermil divideIumlIacute DaggerIgrave Dagger˙ OacuteraquoIcircpermil IumldivideIumlIgrave Egravelaquomacr

IumllaquoAacutepermilIcircOcirc permillozOacuteIumlpermil permilEcircDagger˙ OacutelaquoDagger˙ AacuteOcirc middotUacuteEgraveEgrave Egravelaquomacr

lakokhah ani mekhapeacuteset simlat eacuterev meyukheacutedet larsquokhatunahshel harsquobat sheli

mokheacuteret kol harsquosmalot shelaacutenu meyukhadot lakokhah (tsokheacuteket) yesh lakh maacuteshehu mat-im mirsquomeacuteshimokheacuteret yesh li simlah shkhorah mirsquomeacuteshi me-od khagigit lakokhah ani mitsta-eacuteret harsquosimlah yoter miday arukahmokheacuteret lo nora anaacutekhnu metaknim barsquomakom aval yesh li

gam maacuteshehu akher barsquomidah shelakh im atmukhanah lersquoshalem yoter

lakokhah ken harsquosimlah harsquozot motset khen brsquoenay yoter

1 Is the customer looking for a dress for a friendrsquos wedding

2 Why is the customer laughing

3 What is the problem with the dress and can anything be done

4 Does the customer buy it

Exercise 9

When are you free

Look at Gadyrsquos diary and see what he has on this week Gilah ison the phone trying to arrange an evening for them to meet Theirconversation is partly constructed below Answer for Gady usingthe information in his diary (See the answers section for oursuggestions with transliteration and translation)

New vocabulary

feel(s) margish G2

until ad

meeting pgishah (f)

visit bikur (m)

cinema kolnoacute-a (m)

bicycle ofanaacuteyim (mpl)

doctor rofe (rofah f)

Oacute˙Egrave Dagger˙permil UgraveraquoEgrave AcircOacute˙Egrave Dagger˙ UgraveraquoEgravepermil

130

OacutemacrsbquoEgravedivide )-sbquo-(

Uacutebdquo

UgravesbquoEgravedividepermil

middotEgraveraquo

˜laquoIumllaquoUacute

DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

macrlaquoUgraveDagger)permil(

Gadyrsquos diary harsquoyoman shel gadi permilEgravelaquoOacuteOcirc divideIuml sbquobdquoEgrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

131

EgravelaquoIgrave AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgrave

AacuteEgraveUgravepermil

008 macrIcircmiddot˙


EgravelaquoIgrave divideEgravedivideEgrave

0002

OacutedivideUgraveAacute˙ bdquoAcircEgravebdquoOgravelaquoOcirc- DaggermacrraquoAacute˙ Uacutemacrmiddot


EumlEgraveraquoIuml DaggerlaquoUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

0041 middotEgraveraquo permillaquoEgraveIgrave

)laquoIumllaquoUacute(


IumlÕcirc Dagger˙ permilDaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

Iumllaquo Oacute˙permil IumlAacute˙raquopermil

EgravelaquoIgrave DaggerdividelaquoOcirc

009 macrlaquoUgraveDagger

0341 UgravesbquoEgravedividepermil middotmiddot

EgravelaquoIgrave divideEgrave

0031 OacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil

0391 Aacute˙raquopermilOacuteEgrave AcircbdquolaquolaquoOcirc

EgravelaquoIgrave divideIumlEgravedivideEgrave

0031 macrIcircmiddot OacuteIcirclaquoEgrave IumlOacuteraquoOgraveIacute

EgravelaquoIgrave macrmiddotEgraveUacuteEgrave

0391 ndash0381 sbquorsquoraquobdquolaquo

sbquoEgraveIumlpermildivideIumllaquoIgrave sbquobdquoEgrave Dagger˙permil OacutemacrsbquoEgravedivide Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot Oacute˙Egrave Egravedivide IumlIacute laquo IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger

sbquobdquoEgraveIcircOcirc DaggerEgrave OacutemacrsbquoEgravedivide Egravelaquomacr ______ Egravedivide ______

sbquoEgraveIumlpermilDagger˙permil UacuteOgraveraquo permildividemiddotraquoUacute DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Dagger˙permil UgraveraquoEgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgrave middotUacutemacrmiddot

sbquobdquoEgraveIumlDagger DaggerEgrave ______ DaggerEgrave ______

sbquoEgraveIumlpermilAcircOacutepermil UacuteIgrave EgravelaquoIgrave macrmiddotEgraveUacuteEgrave

sbquobdquoEgraveEgravedivide IumlEgrave ______

sbquoEgraveIumlpermil AcircOacutepermil permil˙IcircEgravelaquo divideIumlIacute Iumldividemiddot˙

sbquobdquoEgrave DaggerEgrave laquoOgraveUacute ______ AcircDaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute ______ DaggermiddotIuml ______

sbquoEgraveIumlpermil OacuteˆraquoEgraveOcirc DaggerEcirc middotlaquoDagger IumlIacute middotEgraveAacutebdquo IumlDaggerlaquo Daggerpermil permilOgraveEuml permilAacutebdquodivide

middot˜laquoIumllaquoUacute AacuteOcirc

sbquobdquoEgrave EgravelaquoUgraveEgrave divideIuml ______

8On the road and on time


bull how to follow instructions and find your way bull means of transport and adverbs of directionbull how to tell the timebull months seasons and festivals of the yearbull verbs ndash Group 3 bull superlatives hakhihellip brsquoyoter

Dialogue 1

Peter is at the central bus station (takhanah merkazit )in Tel Aviv on his way to Kibbutz Mishmar HarsquoShalom Maya hasgone on ahead and they have arranged to meet in Haifa where Peterwould have to change buses Peter now finds that there are otherways to get to the kibbutz and his predicament seems to be of interestto more than just the ticket officer

˙Aacutepermil OacutemacrIcircEcircEgrave

permilIcircEgravehellip middotEgravelaquomacrpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml


Bus tickets from the Dan and Egged co-operatives

Day ticket for the Tel-Aviv area Train ticket Tel-Aviv toBe-er-Sheacuteva

Zikhron Ya-akov = Haifa kheyfah = Hadera khederah =

piter ani tsarikh kartis lrsquokheyfah brsquovakashahkupay eacuteyzeh oacutetobus atah rotseh et harsquooacutetobus harsquoyashir

o et harsquome-asefpiter ani lo yodeacute-a ani brsquoeacutetsem tsarikh lrsquohagiacute-a lrsquokibuts

mishmar harsquoshalom al yad kheyfahkhayeacutelet kibuts mishmar harsquoshalom ani makirah et

harsquodeacuterekh lrsquofi da-ati keday larsquokaacutekhat et harsquooacutetobusharsquoyashir lrsquokheyfah ki hu noseacute-a barsquokvishharsquomahir aval az tsrikhim lrsquohakhlif oacutetobusbrsquokheyfah

noseacute-a mevugar zeh taluy im atah lo memaher harsquodeacuterekh

harbeh yoter me-anyeacutenet im nos-im deacuterekhzikhron ya-akov

AacutebdquomacrpermilAacuteEgraveUgravepermilEcircIcircmacrlaquoOcirc EgraveUacutemiddot

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

133

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute IcircEumlEgraveOgrave IumlAacuteEgraveUgravepermil middotmiddot˜dividepermil

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgraveDaggerEgraveEcircpermil DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil Dagger˙ permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave permilEgravedivideEgrave Daggerlaquo Dagger˙

permilOacuteDaggerOgraveUcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave IumlDagger EgravelaquobdquoUacute DaggerEgrave middotUacuteÎgrave macrEgraveIacute IumlpermilsbquoEgraveUacute IumlEgravemiddotraquoı OacutedivideOacutemacr

permildivideIumllaquoIgrave UacuteIuml Egravebdquo AacuteEgraveUgravepermil

AacuteEgraveEgraveIuml˜Egravemiddotraquoı OacutedivideOacutemacr permil˘IumllaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave OacuteIcircEgravepermil Dagger˙ permilbdquomacrIacute IumlUgraveEgrave bdquoUacuteEgrave

IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave IumlAacute˙ Dagger˙ permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave permilEgravedivideEgrave IumlAacuteEgraveUgravepermil IcircEgrave permilraquoDagger laquoOgraveUacute

middotIcircmiddotEgravedivide permilOacutepermilEgrave DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEcirc macrEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveUcirc DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave middotAacuteEgraveUgravepermil

laquoOgraveUacute OacutemiddotraquosbquoEcircpermil IumlraquoEgrave DaggerIgrave Dagger˙permil IumlDagger OacuteOacutepermilmacr permilbdquomacrIacute permilmacrmiddotpermil Egravelaquomacr OacuteUacuteEgrave

DaggerIgrave laquoOgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave bdquomacrIacute EcircIcircmacrlaquoOcirc EgraveUacutemiddot

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgravepermilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave permilEgravedivideEgrave IumlAacuteEgraveUgravepermil EgravelaquoDagger IcircIuml macrmiddotUacute divideUacutepermil permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

divideUacutelaquomiddotmacr bdquomacrIacute EcircIcircmacrlaquoOcirc EgraveUacutemiddot EgravelaquoDagger IcircIuml 54 bdquolaquo AcircEgravedivide sbquoIgrave

DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave dividelaquoOgraveUacute bdquomacrIacute Aacutebdquomacrpermil AcircUacutelaquomacr macrlaquomiddot IumlEgravemiddotraquoı OacutedivideOacutemacr

permildivideIumllaquoIgrave permilraquoDagger EgravelaquoDagger macr middotdivideUacutepermil DaggerAacute˙ Uacutedividemacrpermil AcircAacuteÊgrave DaggerEcirc Oacutepermil

Dagger˙permil OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEuml

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacuteÊumlUacutemacr UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc DaggerEgrave IumlsbquoOacutemacrEgrave OacutemiddotraquoIumlmiddotIuml DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute IumlEumlIumlUgraveOcirchellip

kupay harsquooacutetobus harsquoyashir lrsquokheyfah yotse kol reacuteva sha-ah harsquooacutetobus shersquoover deacuterekh zikhron ya-akovyotse kol arba-im vrsquokhamesh dakot vrsquoyesh gamoacutetobus shersquoover deacuterekh khadeacutera shersquootser karovlrsquokibuts mishmar harsquoshalom hu yotse rak brsquosha-ah akhat esreh varsquokheacutetsi az mah atah makhlit

piter mitsta-er akhshav ani lersquogaacutemrey mevulbal anitsarikh lersquotalfenhellip

PETER I need a ticket to Haifa pleaseTICKET OFFICER Which bus do you want The direct bus or the one

which stops on the wayPETER I donrsquot know I actually need to get to Kibbutz

Mishmar HarsquoShalom near HaifaGIRL SOLDIER Kibbutz Mishmar HarsquoShalom I know the way In my

view itrsquos worth taking the express bus to Haifabecause it goes on the fast road But then you need tochange buses in Haifa

AN ELDERLY

PASSENGER It depends If yoursquore not in a hurry the journey ismuch more interesting if you go via Zikhron Ya-akov

TICKET OFFICER The direct bus to Haifa leaves every quarter of anhour The bus which goes via Zikhron Ya-akov leavesevery 45 minutes And therersquos another bus which goesvia Hadera which stops near Kibbutz MishmarHarsquoShalom It leaves only at 1130 So whatrsquos yourdecision (lit lsquowhat are you decidingrsquo)

PETER Irsquom sorry now Irsquom completely confused I need totelephonehellip

Vocabulary

cashier ticket officer kupay(-it f)

direct (express) yashir (yeshirah f)

stopping [bus] me-asef(lit lsquocollectingrsquo)

to arrive to get to lrsquohagiacute-a G3

soldier khayal (khayeacutelet f)

know(s) makir (makirah f)(for people and places)

134

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgrave)(

EgravedivideEgrave)permil(

OacuteDaggerOgraveUcirc

IumlpermilsbquoEgraveUacute )-sbquo-Uacute(

AacuteEgraveEgraveIuml)(

OacuteIcircEgrave)permil( )-Icirc-(

waypathroad (noun) deacuterekh (m and f)via through (prep)

in my view lrsquofi da-ati

(itrsquos) worth worthwhile keday

road kvish (m)

fast mahir(-ah f)

traveller passenger noseacute-a (nosa-at f)

it depends zeh taluy

to change lrsquohakhlif G3

if im

amisare in a hurry memaher G2

quarter (of) reacutevaan hour sha-ah

go(es) via pass(es) over G1through

minute dakah (f)

leave(s) go(es) out yotse G1

stop(s) otser G1

(and a) half (varsquo)kheacutetsi

decide(s) makhlit G3

utterlycompletely lrsquogamrey

confused mevulbal (mevulbeacutelet f)

to telephone lersquotalpen G2

Exercise 1

Right nakhon or wrong lo nakhon

Read the dialogue again which of the statements are true andwhich are false

IumlDagger IcirclaquoOcircIcirclaquoOcirc

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

135

bdquomacrIacute

IumlUgraveEgrave bdquoUacuteEgrave

IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave

IcircmiddotEgravedivide

OacutepermilEgrave)permil(

laquoOgraveUacute)(

Ecircpermil IumlraquoEgrave

IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveUcirc )Aacute-Iuml-Ucirc(

DaggerIgrave

OacuteOacutepermilmacr )Oacute-permil-(

macrmiddotUacute divideUacutepermil

Uacutelaquomiddotmacr )Uacute-middot-(

bdquopermil

EgravelaquoDagger )Egrave--Dagger(

Uacutelaquomacr )Uacute--(

)Acirc(AacuteÊgrave

OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEuml )Aacute-Iuml-Euml(

IumlsbquoOacutemacrEgrave

OacutemiddotraquoIumlmiddotIuml)(

IumlEumlIumlUgraveOcirc )Euml-Iuml-Ugrave-Ocirc(

1DaggerEgraveOcirc DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave EgravedivideEgrave IumlEgravemiddotraquoı OacutedivideOacutemacr permildivideIumllaquoIgrave

2DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveUcirc DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave middotAacuteEgraveUgravepermil

3permilAacuteEgraveEgraveIuml DaggerlaquoOacutemacr divideEgravelaquomacr OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc IumlOgravelaquoUacute bdquomacrIacute EcircIcircmacrlaquoOcirc EgraveUacutemiddot

Language points

Verb Group 3 hif-il

You have already learnt two verb groups Group 1 is known inHebrew as pa-al which includes simple action verbs such aslsquoto writersquo lirsquokhtov or lsquoto workrsquo larsquoavod

Group 2 is known as pi-el and these verbs suggest a moreintensive or deliberate element in the action Think of the differ-ence between saying and speaking (lersquodaber ) seeing some-thing and looking for it (lersquokhapes ) and going somewhereand visiting (lersquovaker )

Group 3 (hif-il ) verbs tend to lsquocause things to happenrsquoand therefore ask quite naturally for a direct object although thesentence may not give one lsquoI need to change (lrsquohakhlif )(change what)

Group 3 verbs begin with lrsquoha in the infinitive and (like Group 2) add the prefix to the root letters in the present tense

Another distinctive feature of this group is the addition of a yodbetween the second and third root lettersWhether or not you remember these features yoursquoll very quickly

remember the sound pattern of the conjugation just read throughthe tables below

Root Infinitive To change lrsquohakhlif

makhlif Masculine singular

makhlifah Feminine singular

makhlifim Masculine plural

makhlifot Feminine pluralDaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircOacuteAacuteIumlEgraveUgravelaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgraveOacuteAacuteIumlEgraveUgraveEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerOacuteAacuteIumlEgraveUgravepermil

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerOacuteAacuteIumlEgraveUcirc

IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveUcircAacute-Iuml-Ucirc

Egrave

OacutenotEgraveUacuteIuml

IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveUcirc

permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlmiddot˜macr

IumlAacutenotlozIumlbdquomiddotmacr

notEgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacutemiddotlaquobdquoIumlIcirclaquomiddot

notUacuteIuml

permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml

136

4permillaquoOgraveUacute permilOacutemiddotraquosbquo Aacutelaquodividemiddot divideDaggerIgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr OacuteOacutepermilmacr Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot IumlOgravelaquoUacute

bdquomacrIacute Aacutebdquomacrpermil

5permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave dividelaquoOgraveUacute bdquomacrIacute EcircIcircmacrlaquoOcirc EgraveUacutemiddot EgravelaquoDagger IcircIuml macrmiddotUacute divideUacutepermil

6permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave divideUacutelaquomacr macrlaquomiddot IumlEgravemiddotraquoı EgravelaquoDagger middotDaggerAacute˙ Uacutedividemacrpermil AcircAacuteÊgrave

7UgraveEgraveEumlmacr IumlDagger EgravelaquobdquoUacute Oacutepermil IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveEuml

Root Infinitive To know lrsquohakir

makir Masculine singular

makirah Feminine singular

makirim Masculine plural

makirot Feminine plural

This is a first-letter- root Notice how the drops when theverb is conjugated

Exercise 2

Give the four forms of the present tense of the following verbs

To suggest lrsquohatsi-a

To arrive lrsquohagi-a

To decide lrsquohakhlit

Telling the time mah harsquosha-ah Oacutepermil permildivideUacutepermil

IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveEuml )Aacute-Iuml-Euml(


IumlpermilÊgraveUacute )Egrave--Uacute(

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircOacuteIcircEgravelaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgraveOacuteIcircEgraveEgraveIgrave

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerOacuteIcircEgravepermil

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerOacuteIcircEgrave

IumlpermilIcircEgrave-Icirc-11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

137

khamesh varsquoreacutevaAacuteOacutedivide AcircmiddotUacute

harsquosha-ah shtayimpermildivideUacutepermil divide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave

Remember that the feminine form of numbers is used for countingand telling the time However you will also often hear the mascu-line forms asarah and khamishah though not in adigital reading eg ten past two shtayim vrsquoasarah (It is likely that the masculine word lsquomomentsrsquo rega-im wasonce used and is now implied rather than the feminine lsquominutersquodakah )bdquopermil

macrsbquoUacuteEgraveIgravedivide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave AcircUacutelozmacrpermil

AacuteOacuteEgravedividepermilUacutelozmacrpermil

138

arba varsquokheacutetsiDaggermacrmiddotUacute AcircAacuteÊgrave sheva vrsquoeser dakot (sheva vrsquoasarah)

dividemiddotUacute AcircUacutelozmacr bdquolaquo )dividemiddotUacute AcircUacutelozmacrpermil(

sheacuteva dakot akharey shmoneh(shmoneh vrsquosheva dakot)

dividemiddotUacute bdquolaquo DaggerAacutemacrEgrave divideOacutelaquopermil

)divideOacutelaquopermil AcircdividemiddotUacute bdquolaquo(teacutesha pakhot esrim (esrim lrsquoteacutesha)

˙divideUacute UgraveAacutelaquo UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave)UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave IumldivideUacute(

Useful vocabulary summary

clock watch sha-on (m)

hour sha-ah (f)

minute dakah (f)

second shniyah (f)

moment minute reacutega (m)

in another half an hour bersquood khaacutetsi sha-ah

past akharey

to before lifney

midnight khatsot

midday noon (shtem esreh barsquo-) tsohoraacuteyim

afternoon akharey harsquotsohoraacuteyim

Useful expressions

what time is it mah hasha-ah

how longhellip kamah zmanhellip

just a moment rak reacutega

one [more] second od shniyah

one moment reacutega ekhad

it is already late kvar me-ukhar

Exercise 3

Can you read each of the following specific times in two differentways

Example 545 = khamesh arba-im vrsquokhamesh reva lrsquoshesh

450 555 am 235 pm 716 pm 630 132 1158 pm

AacuteOacutedivide DaggermacrmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide macrmiddotUacute Iumldividedivide

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

139

divideUacutelaquoOcirc

divideUacutepermil

bdquopermil

divideEgraveEgravepermil

macrsbquoUacute

middotUacutelaquobdquo AacuteÊgrave divideUacutepermil

DaggerAacutemacrEgrave

IumlUgraveEgrave

Aacuteˆlaquo

)divide˙EgraveIgrave Uacutelozmacrpermil middot(ˆpermilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilˆpermilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

Oacutepermil permildivideUacutepermil

IcircOacutepermil EcircOacuteOcirchellip

macr macrsbquoUacute

Uacutelaquobdquo divideEgraveEgravepermil

macrsbquoUacute DaggerAacutebdquo

Icircmiddotmacr OacuteDaggerraquoAacutemacr

140

Exercise 4

How long does it take Yishay to leave the house

a Read and write down inHebrew letters the timedisplayed under each picture

b Answer the questions

1 How long does Yishay spendin the shower (from 645 to705)

2 How long does it take Yishayto drag himself away from the football game to choose a tie

3 How long does he spend on perfecting the right hair look

4 How long in total does his wife have to wait for him

IcircOacutepermil EcircOacuteOcirc Ecircpermil IumllaquoAacute IumlEgravedivideEgraveEgrave IumlˆDagger˙ OacutepermilmiddotEgrave

Exercise 5

Verb practice give the four forms of the present tense of the verblsquoto go outrsquo larsquotset

Exercise 6

Here is Uzirsquos morning routine He lives 5 minutes away from thebus stop and a 15-minute bus ride away from the school where hehas to be by eight in the morning What time does he do which ofthe following (Give the correct form of the appropriate verbwhose roots letters are given below and write out the times)

Example

Exercise 7

This morning is different Uzi has to meet his class at the museumFind out why he is late by filling in the gaps with the appropriateform of the verbs

Dagger-Icirc-Iuml -raquo-Igrave Iuml--Aacute Egrave--Dagger -sbquo-Uacute


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

141

UacuteraquoEcircEgrave OacutesbquoEgraveUacute )-sbquo-Uacute( IumlmiddotEgrave permilOgraveUgravemacr middotUacutelozmacrpermil IumldivideOacutelaquopermil )057(

1IcircIuml middotlaquomacrUacuteraquoEcircEgrave ______ middot )ma 546( ______

2permilraquoDagger ______ DaggermacrraquoAacute˙ middot˜macr middot )ma 017( ______

3permilraquoDagger ______ OacutepermilmiddotEgrave middot )ma 037( ______

4permilraquoDagger ______ Dagger˙ permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave middot )ma 537( ______

permilraquoDagger IumlDagger )-Icirc-( ______ Dagger˙ permilbdquomacrIacute

permilraquoDagger )Euml-Iuml-Ugrave-Ocirc( ______ IumlAacutemiddotmacr divideIumllaquo

permilraquoDagger macrEgraveIacute )Aacute-Iuml-Ucirc( ______ AacuteraquoIumlˆpermil

DaggerOacuteDagger divideIumllaquo )Egrave--Uacute( ______ Iumllaquo EumlOacuteUgrave

permilIgrave )Aacute-Iuml-Euml( ______ IumlOgravelaquoUacute middotbdquomacrIacute Aacutebdquodividepermil

(a lift tremp)

Dialogue 2

Peter has spoken to Maya whom he has now arranged to meet atthe bus stop nearest to the kibbutz He goes back to buy his ticket

kupay ah zeh shuv atahpiter ken akhshav ani yodeacute-a mah ani rotseh hakhi mat-im li

larsquokaacutekhat et harsquooacutetobus shel akhat esreh varsquokheacutetzi kamaholeh harsquokartis

kupay atah rotseh kartis halokh varsquoshov o kartis lrsquokivun ekhadpiter rak lrsquokivun ekhad brsquovakashah ani mamshikh mirsquosham

lrsquotiyulkupay shloshim vrsquokhamishah sheacutekel vrsquoshiv-im agorot

brsquovakashahpiter eyn li keacutesef katan rak shtar shel mataacuteyim sheacutekelkupay eyn davar hineh harsquooacutedef shelkhapiter mersquoaacuteyin yotse harsquooacutetobuskupay mirsquoratsif shalosh lrsquomaacutelah brsquokomah aacutelefpiter ani oleh barsquomadregot harsquoeacutelehkupay ken vrsquoakhar kakh miyad smoacutelah yashar ad harsquokaspomat

atah poneh yamiacutenah lifney kiosk harsquoitonim vrsquoshuvyamiacutenah akharey dukhan harsquoprakhim vrsquoharsquoratsif shambrsquotsad smol

142

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgraveDaggerpermil Ecircpermil divideraquomiddot Dagger˙permil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIcircOcirc UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc DaggerEgrave EgravelaquobdquoUacute Oacutepermil DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil permilIcircEgrave Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave IumlEgrave IumlAacute˙

Dagger˙ permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave Iuml 0311 IcircOacutepermil UacutelaquoIumlpermil permilIcircEumlEgraveOgrave

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgraveDagger˙permil macrlaquopermil IcircEumlEgraveOgrave permilIumllaquoIacute Acircdividelaquomiddot Daggerlaquo IcircEumlEgraveOgrave IumlIcircEgraveAcircraquoOcirc DaggerAacutebdquo

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrmacr IumlIcircEgraveAcircraquoOcirc DaggerAacutebdquo middotmiddot˜dividepermil DaggerEgrave OacuteOacutedivideEgraveIacute OacutedivideIgrave IumlEumlEgraveraquoIuml

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgravedivideIumllaquodivideEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacuteEgravedividepermil divide˜Iuml AcircdividemiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave Daggersbquolaquolaquo middotmiddot˜˘permil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave IcircOgraveUcirc EumlOcirc macr divideEumlmacr divideIuml OacuteDagger˙EgraveEgraveIgrave divide˜Iuml

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgraveDaggerEgraveOcirc bdquomiddotmacr permilpermil permilUacutelaquobdquoUcirc divideIumlIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc EgravelaquoDagger permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgraveOacutemacrÊgraveUcirc divideIumllaquodivide IumlOacuteUacuteIumlpermil middot˜laquoOacutepermil Dagger

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave UacutelaquoIumlpermil middotOacutebdquomacrsbquolaquo permilDaggerIumlpermil

˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgraveIcircOcirc AcircDaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute OacuteEgravebdquo lozOacuteDaggerIumlpermil Egravedividemacr Uacutebdquo permilIcircOgraveUgravelaquoOacuteEuml Dagger˙permil Ugravelaquopermil

EgraveOacuteEgravepermil IumlUgraveEgrave EgravelaquoOgrave˜ permilUacuteEgravelaquoEgraveIgrave Acircdivideraquomiddot EgraveOacuteEgravepermil DaggerAacutemacrEgrave bdquoraquoIcircOcirc

permilUgravemacrAacuteEgraveIgrave AcircpermilmacrÊgraveUcirc divideIgrave middotˆbdquo lozOacuteDaggerIuml

Units of quantity can remain in the singular with numerals over 10eg 200 m = matayim metrim 200 = matayim meter 200

TICKET OFFICER Ah Itrsquos you againPETER Yes now I know what I want It would suit me best

to take the 1130 bus How much is the ticketTICKET OFFICER Do you want a return or a one-way ticketPETER Just one way please Irsquom continuing on a trip

from there TICKET OFFICER Thiry-five shekels and seventy agorot pleasePETER I havenrsquot any (small) change only a 200 shekel noteTICKET OFFICER Never mind herersquos your changePETER Where does the bus leave fromTICKET OFFICER From the third bay upstairs on the first floor (lit

lsquofloor Arsquo )PETER Do I go up these stairsTICKET OFFICER Yes then immediately left straight on until the cash

machine you turn right before the newspaper kioskand right again after the flower stall and the bay isthere on the left-hand side

Vocabulary

the most (suitable) hakhi (mat-im)

there and back halokh varsquoshov

direction kivun (m)

continue(s) mamshikh G3

from there mirsquosham

agura (= cent smallest agorah (f)denomination of money)

bay (for bus) platform ratsif (m)

above upstairs upwards lrsquomaacutelah

floor storey komah (f)

go(es) up (cost(s)) oleh G1

step (pl stairs) madregah

immediately miyad

to the left smoacutelah

straight (ahead) yashar

OacuteEumlmacrOacuteEumlmacrEgraveIgrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

143

permilIcircEgrave )Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave(

permilIumllaquoIacute Acircdividelaquomiddot

IcircEgraveAcircraquoOcirc

OacuteOacutedivideEgraveIacute )Oacute-divide-Iacute(

OacutedivideIgrave

Daggersbquolaquopermil

macrÊgraveUcirc

IumlOacuteUacuteIumlpermil

˜laquoOacutepermil

UacutelaquoIumlpermil )Uacute-Iuml-permil(

Oacutebdquomacrsbquopermil

OacuteEgravebdquo

lozOacuteDaggerIumlpermil

Egravedividemacr

cashpoint cash machine kaspomat (m)

turn(s) poneh G1

to the right yemiacutenah

kiosk kyosk (m)

A cashpoint is called a kaspomat from keacutesef money

Language points

Superlatives

The best harsquotov brsquoyoter or hakhi tovand the worst harsquogaruacute-a brsquoyoter orhakhi garuacute-a

Superlatives are formed by adding the definite harsquo in front ofthe adjective which is then followed by brsquoyoter Howeverin colloquial Hebrew people often simply insert hakhi beforethe adjective

He is the youngest in the family

hu harsquotsa-ir brsquoyoter barsquomishpakhah hu hakhi tsa-irhellip

The use of the personal pronoun toreplace lsquois arersquo

Since there is no verb lsquoto bersquo the subject of the sentence is oftenrestated with the relevant pronoun to avoid confusion

This train is the most up to date in the country

harsquorakeacutevet harsquozot hi hakhi kadishah (modern) barsquoaacuterets ndashharsquokhadishah brsquoyoter

permilmacrIcircmiddot˙ permilEcircDagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerpermilIcircEgrave AacutebdquoEgravedividepermil middotDaggermacrı permilAacutebdquoEgravedividepermil middotEgravelaquomacr

permilraquoDagger permilÛacuteEgrave middotEgravelaquomacr middotOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil ro permilraquoDagger permilIcircEgrave UacuteEgravehellip

permilIcircEgravemiddotEgravelaquomacrpermil

permilIcircEgrave sbquoraquoUacutepermilsbquoraquoUacute middotEgravelaquomacr

permilIcircEgrave EumllaquomiddotpermilEumllaquomiddot middotEgravelaquomacr

IcircOgraveUcircIcircOgraveUgravelaquoOacuteEuml

144

IcircOgraveUgravelaquoOacuteEuml

Ugravelaquopermil )Ugrave--permil(

EgraveOacuteEgravepermil

˜EgravelaquoOgrave˜

These are the most interesting books I have

harsquosfarim harsquoeacuteleh hem hakhi me-anienim shersquoyesh li

You will come across this use of pronouns very often in HebrewIt does not carry the emphasis the additional pronoun does inEnglish but simply clarifies the sentence

Exercise 8

A lady on the bus canrsquot wait to tell you about her family she isso proud that she can speak only in superlatives Choose the correctform of the appropriate adjective to discover their talents

New vocabulary

generous nadiv(-ah f)

grandson neacutekhed

granddaughter nekhdah

Adverbs of direction Hebrew uses the suffix lsquoahrsquo (equivalent of the English lsquo-wardsrsquo)to express direction (The stress is thrown back from the lastsyllable to the penultimate one to distinguish it straightaway fromfeminine nouns which often end in lsquoahrsquo )

left smol middot smoacutelah to the left

the house home harsquobaacuteyit middot harsquobaacuteytah

Irsquom going home ani holekh harsquobaacuteytah DaggerEgrave permillaquoIumlIacute permilmiddotEgravepermil

permilmiddotEgravepermilpermil + permilmiddotEgrave

lozOacuteDaggerIumlpermilpermil + lozOacuteDaggerIuml

permil

permil

permilOgraveUgravemacrEgraveIgrave permilDaggerIumlpermil permilIgravepermilIcircEgrave OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave divideEgravedivide IumlEgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

145

bdquoEgravemiddot)permil(

Icircbdquo

Icircbdquopermil

AacuteIcircIgrave EgraveUgravepermil bdquoEgravemiddot OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc Eumllaquomiddot

1permilmiddotUacuteIuml divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger permilIcircEgrave______ middotUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

2permilmiddotOcirc divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger permilmacrlaquoUgraveDagger_____ _______ middotmiddotEgrave permilAacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave

3permilmiddot˙ divideIumlEgrave permilEgraveDagger permilUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave permil________ middotEgravelaquomacr middotDaggermacrı

4permilIcircbdquo divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger ______ ______ middotmiddotEgrave permilOgraveUgravemacr

5permilIcircbdquopermil divideIumlEgrave permilEgraveDagger permil_______ OacuteIcircraquoIumlIgrave

Here are some common adverbs of direction


to the right yamiacutenah

upwards above lrsquomaacutelah

downwards down lrsquomaacutetah

forwards kadiacutemah

backwards akhoacuterah

Exercise 9

You are starting at 2 ndash Follow the directions and where do youend up Each box is a step tsa-ad (check your answer in theanswer section)

Exercise 10

Here is a map (mapah (f) ) of an area in Tel Aviv and someuseful vocabulary Follow the directions below where have we ledyou to

OacuteUgravepermil

Ûacutebdquopermil

DaggerAacutelaquopermil

˜bdquoEgraveOacutepermil

IumlOacuteEumlpermil




146

Dagger˙permil Oacute˙AacuteEgraveIuml middotpermilrsquo2

DaggermacrmiddotUacutepermil UacutebdquoEgraveIgrave DaggerAacutelaquopermil divideEgrave UacutebdquoEgraveIgrave IumlOacuteEumlpermil Uacutebdquo bdquoEgraveOacutepermil Uacutebdquo

IumlOacuteUacuteIumlpermil Uacutelaquobdquo Uacutebdquo IumlOacuteUacuteIumlpermil divideIumllaquodividepermil UacutebdquoEgraveIgrave bdquoEgraveOacutepermil DaggerEgraveUgravepermil Dagger˙permil


˜bdquoEgraveOacutepermil DaggerAacutelaquopermil


1

2

3

4

Dagger middot sbquo bdquo permil Acirc Ecirc

New vocabulary

cross(es) khotseh G1

junction tsomet (f)

zebra crossing ma-avar khatsayah

traffic light(s) ramzor (m)

town square circus kikar (f)

market shuk (m)

111123456789101112131415161718

147

Aacutelaquopermil )Aacute--permil(

ˆlaquoOacute˙

OacuteUacutemiddotmacr AacuteÊgraveEgravepermil

OacuteEcirclaquo)EgraveIgrave(

IcircEgraveIcircmacr

divideraquo

1Dagger˙ IumlEgravebdquo OacutelozmacrbdquoEgrave DaggerIuml-UacuteIuml middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot middotOcirc Egravepermilraquobdquopermil Ugravelaquopermil EgraveOacuteEgravepermil middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot

middotraquosbquodividelaquomiddot Dagger˙ permillaquoIumlIcirc Egravedividemacr Aacutelaquopermil Dagger˙ permilIcircmiddotEgravedivide middotˆlaquoOacute˙ UgraveEgraveOgrave˜macr

Acircmiddotraquosbquodividelaquomiddot OacuteOacutedivideEgraveIcircpermil Egravedividemacr AcircDagger˙ OacutesbquoEgraveUacutepermil Iuml_________middotˆbdquo lozOacuteDaggerIuml

3 You have now done your shopping You are tired but yourfriend still has energy left for a bit of culture Tell her how toget to the opera on HarsquoYarkon street Use the vocabulary aboveto give directions (Remember you are starting from where youhave arrived at the end of 2 above)

Dialogue 3

Peter is now seated comfortably in the bus and as it makes its wayout of the bus station a poster catches his eye The couple behindhim sees it too and he overhears the following conversation Do theytake advantage of the offer in the ad

Is it worth it or not IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave Daggerlaquo IumlDagger IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave

148

2Dagger˙Igrave macrlaquoEgraveIgrave Iumlmiddot˜macr middotdivideraquo Dagger˙Igrave middotOacuteIumllaquoOcirc bdquoOcirc OacuteraquoIuml permilEgraveIgrave permilOacuteIumllaquoOcirc

middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc UgraveEgrave UgravemacrEgravedivideOacuteOcirc Dagger˙Igrave EgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave OacutepermilOacuteIumllaquoOcirc UgravelaquoEgraveIgrave

EgraveOacuteEgravepermil middotUgravemacrEgravedivideOacuteOcirc OacuteOacutedivideEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave Uacutebdquo permilOacuteEcirclaquoEgraveIgrave AcircUgravelaquoEgraveIgrave IumlmiddotOcirc Egravepermilraquobdquopermil

OacuteOacutedivideEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave Uacutebdquo IcircEgraveIcircmacr middotrsquo middotlaquomiddotOacutemiddotmacr AacutelaquoEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilIcircmiddotEgravedivide EgraveOacuteEgravepermil

middotDaggerIumlmiddotEgrave AcircEgravedividemacr Uacutebdquo divideraquo permil______

laquomiddotOacutemiddotmacr ŸOgraveOtildenotEgraveŒdivideIuml

OacutemiddotÛacute OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquoEumlEgraveOgravelaquo DaggerIuml-UacuteIuml IumlAacuteraquordquoIuml

permilAacutepermil 03 IcircIuml permilAacutelaquobdquodivide

EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave middotAacuteÊgrave OacuteAacuteEgrave

permilEcircOacutelaquo middot˙divideIumlraquoIgrave OacuteIumlDaggerUacutebdquo OgravelaquoUcirc OgraveUgraveEumlOacutemiddotmacr

november speshel mivtsa meyukhad tisot el-al lrsquokhul hanakhahshloshim akhuz kol harsquokhoacutedesh yeladim brsquokhatsi mekhirhazmanot brsquotashlum male ad sof september

harsquobaacute-al akhshav keday lanu larsquokaacutekhat et harsquokhufshahharsquoshnatit shelaacutenu birsquodrom amerikah

harsquoishah ulay zeh keday zot brsquoemet hizdamnut avalanaacutekhnu lo yekholim lirsquonsoacute-a brsquonovember

harsquobaacute-al laacutemah lo zeh taluy im ani lo lokeacute-akh khufshahbersquoogust kmo brsquokol shanah az anaacutekhnu kenyekholim lirsquonsoacute-a brsquonovember

harsquoishah vrsquomah im harsquotashlum tsarikh lersquoshalem et harsquokolkhodshaacuteyim lifney harsquotisah

harsquobaacute-al efshar larsquokaacutekhat halva-ah mersquoharsquobankha-ishah efshar aval lo keday

ldquoNovember specialrdquo a special deal on El-Al flights abroad 30discount for the whole month children go half price full paymentwith bookings until end September

THE HUSBAND Itrsquos now worth taking our annual holiday in SouthAmerica

THE WIFE Maybe itrsquos worth it itrsquos really an opportunity but wecanrsquot go in November

THE HUSBAND Why not It depends if I donrsquot take a holiday inAugust as [I do] every year then we can go inNovember

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

149

permilmiddotUacuteIumlUacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave Iumlraquo IumlAacute˙ Dagger˙ permilAacuteraquoUgravedividepermil permildivideEgrave divideIumlraquo

middotbdquomacrlaquoIgrave DaggerOacutemacrEgravepermil

permilDaggerEgravedividepermilDaggerraquoIumlEgrave Ecircpermil IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave EcircDagger˙ middotDaggerOacute˙ permilEcircbdquoOacuteraquo DaggermiddotIuml DaggerAacuteraquo IumlDagger

EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlOgravelaquoUacute middotlaquomiddotOacutemiddotmacr

permilmiddotUacuteIumlIumlOacutepermil IumlDagger Ecircpermil IumlraquoEgrave DaggerIgrave DaggerEgrave IumlDagger IumllaquoAacute AacuteraquoUgravedividepermil middotDaggerlaquosbquoraquoOgraveEuml

IcircOacutelaquo middotIcircIuml dividepermil DaggerEcirc DaggerAacuteraquo IcircOcirc EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlOgravelaquoUacute middotlaquomiddotOacutemiddotmacr

permilDaggerEgravedividepermilAcircOacutepermil UacuteIgrave permil˙divideIumlraquoIgrave macrEgraveIacute IumldivideIumlIgrave Dagger˙ permilIcircIuml AacutebdquodivideEgraveEgraveIgrave IumlUgraveEgrave

permilEumlEgraveOgravepermil

permilmiddotUacuteIumlDaggerUgravedividemacr IumlAacute˙ permilIumlAcircAcircDaggerpermil Oacutepermilmiddot

permilDaggerEgravedividepermilDaggerUgravedividemacr DaggermiddotIuml IumlDagger IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave

THE WIFE And what about (lit lsquowithrsquo) the payment You have topay the lot two months before the flight

THE HUSBAND Itrsquos possible to take a loan from the bankTHE WIFE Itrsquos possible but itrsquos not worth it

Note that the Hebrew verb can be translated either as lsquototravelrsquo or more loosely lsquoto gorsquo In Hebrew you would use when talking about going anywhere other than by foot when youwould use the verb

Vocabulary

November november

special speshel

flight tisah (f)

abroad (lit lsquoout khul (khutsof the countryrsquo) larsquoarets)

booking hazmanah (f)

payment tashlum (m)

full male(mle-ah f)

September september

holiday khufshah (f)

annual shnati(-t f)

opportunity hizdamnut (f)

loan halva-ah (f)

Language point

Means of transport emtsa-ey takhburah

Hebrew uses various verbs for different means of transport So you ndash

DaggerOacuteÛacuteEgrave Aacutemiddotraquopermil

IumlIumlIcirc

IumlOgravelaquoUacuteIumlOgravelaquoUacute

laquomiddotOacutemiddotmacr

OgraveUgraveEgravedivideIuml

EumlEgraveOgravepermil

AacuteraquordquoIuml )Aacuteraquoı IumlDaggermacrı(

permilEcircOacutepermil

˙˘IumlraquoIgrave

OacuteIumlDagger)permil(

OgraveUgraveEumlOacutemiddotmacr

AacuteraquoUgravedividepermil

divideEgrave)(

permilEcircbdquoOacuteraquo

permilIumlAcircAcircDaggerpermil

150

fly in an airplane tasim brsquomatos

drive in a truck nohagim brsquomasa-it

ridedrive in a shared nos-im brsquosherut taxi (lit lsquoservicersquo)

sail in a boat or ship mafligim brsquooniyah

sail in a sailing boat shatim brsquosirah

ride a bicycle rokhvim al ofanaacuteyim

ride a horse rokhvim al sus

New vocabularyairplane matos (m)

truck masa-it (f)

shared taxi sherut (f)

boat ship oniyah (f)

sailing boat sirah (f)

horse sus (m)

Exercise 11

Insert the correct form of transport from the list below

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

151

EumlOgraveEgraveIgrave middotOacuteEumllaquoOgrave

laquopermilsbquoEgraveIgrave middotOacutelozDaggerEgrave

laquoOgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave middotdividemacrraquo

OacuteUgraveIumlEgravesbquoEgraveIgrave middotDaggerlaquoEgraveEgravepermil

divideEumlEgraveIgrave middotOgraveEgravepermil

macrlaquoIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave UacuteIuml DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

macrlaquoIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave UacuteIuml OgraveraquoOgrave

OacuteEumllaquoOgrave

OacutelozDaggerEgrave

dividemacrraquo

DaggerlaquoEgraveEgravepermil

OgraveEgravepermil

OgraveraquoOgrave

1Egravedivide OacuteEgravebdquo Ugrave˜EgraveIgrave middotmacrAacutelaquomiddotlaquo IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave IumlmacrIcircmiddot UacuteIuml ______

2permilOacutelaquoEgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo Egravemacrpermil DaggerEgrave OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUgravepermil IumlAacute˙ ______

3permil-2EQ permilEgraveDagger ______ permillaquoOgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave permilOacuteUgraveraquoOgraveOacute˙ middotEgravelaquomacr middotUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

4permilsbquo ______ laquopermilsbquo divideUacutelaquo DaggermacrraquoIcirclaquo middotIcircmiddotEgravedivide

5middotAcircAcircEgravepermil divideEumlEgraveIgrave middot ______ OacuteOacute˜laquoIgrave IumlOacute˜laquoIgrave

6permil ______ IumlbdquomacrlaquoIgrave DaggerOacutemacrEgravepermil EgravelaquoDagger OacuteraquobdquoIgrave middotmiddot˜macr

OacuteEumllaquoOgrave dividemacrraquo DaggerEgraveEgrave OacutelozDaggerEgrave DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave OgraveEgravepermil

Cultural note

Months seasons and festivals of the year

There are twelve months in the Hebrew calendar but they arelunar months so every few years an extra month (of adar ) isadded to catch up with the solar year This is what they are called

tevet kislev kheshvan tishrey

sivan iyar nisan adar shvat

elul av tamuz

Jewish festivals are fixed according to the Hebrew calendar and sovary in the Gregorian calendar which modern Israel uses for day-to-day secular living This is how the months read in Hebrew script(we start with September since this is generally when the JewishNew Year begins)

september oktober november detsember yanu-ar febru-armarsmerts april may yuni yuli ogust

The festivals are an integral part of the Jewish year binding historyand legend to naturersquos cycle The most important festival is theSabbath the day of rest which occurs every week Yoursquolldiscover more about it in a later unit but as you are also likely tocome across at least one of the festivals during a trip any time ofthe year it is worth knowing something about the major ones andthe time of year they occur

Autumn stav

New Year ndash rosh hashanah Starts ten days of repen-tance and contemplation signalled by the blowing of the ramrsquos horn(shofar ) in the synagogue (beyt harsquoknesset )Apples are dipped into honey (dvash ) and round (agol(agulah f) ) loaves are eaten for a sweet well-rounded yearUacutesbquolaquoIuml

bdquomiddotdividemiddotEgrave permilIcircOgrave˙dividelaquoUgravemacr

Dagger˘ permildividepermil

Ograve˙EgraveAcirc

dividemiddot˙

Daggerdivide permildividepermil

˙OacuteraquoEcircDaggermiddotDaggerIumlraquoIuml

dividemiddotEumlDaggerbdquomacrEgraveOgraveOcircDaggerEgraveEgraveOgraveEgraveAcircAcircOcirc

˙dividemacrEgraveAacutedivideAcircAcircOcircIcircOgraveIumlAcircEumlmiddot˙

Daggerbdquomacr

152

OgraveUgraveEumlOacutemiddotmacr DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotmacr laquomiddotOacutemiddotmacr bdquoÔacutemiddotmacr EgraveraquoDaggermacr UgravemiddotmacrraquoDaggermacr

OacuteOgraveOacutemacrı DaggerUgravemacrEgraveIuml OacuteDaggerEgrave EgraveraquoEgrave EgraveraquoIumlEgrave DaggerlaquosbquoraquoOgraveEuml

Day of Atonement yom kippur The tenth day of

repentance a day of fasting fromsundown to sundown spent inprayer

Tabernacles sukot A fewdays after this harvestand pilgrim festival lasts sevendays Booths ( ) remindersof the makeshift shelters of the

Israelites in the wilderness are decorated with harvest fruit andvegetables and guests (orkhim ) are invited to share a mealin these temporary homes Plants of four species are boundtogether (the lulav ) and carried around the synagogue Thefestival ends with a day of lsquorejoicing of the lawrsquo simkhat torah

when Torah scrolls are danced around synagoguesand streets

Winter khoacuteref

Hanukah khanukah Afestival of lights commemo-rating a victory of the Maccabeesover the Hellenists The legendof the miraculous oil lasting longenough for more oil to bepressed for the ruined Templersquoseternal light is recalled bylighting candles (nerot )each day until the eight-branched candelabrum is fully lit on the eighth day It is

traditional to eat food fried in oil such as doughnuts and pancakes (levivot ) made of potatoes (tapukhey adamah

) ˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgrave DaggerbdquoOacutepermilIumlmiddotEgravemiddotlaquo

laquo

AacuteraquoIcircpermil

AacutelaquoUcirc

lozOacuteAacute˙ laquopermil

IumlraquoIumlmiddot

DaggerlaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave

OgraveraquoIcirclaquo

EgravelaquoIgrave IcircEgraveUgraveraquoOgraveraquoIcirclaquo

EgravelaquoIgrave IcircEgraveUgraveraquo11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

153

Purim A day of masquerading in carnival style when thescroll of Esther (megilat ester ) is read telling of thenear destruction of the Jews of Persia saved by the interventionof the brave and beautiful Queen Esther under the guidance ofher couzin Mordechai a faithful believer Children parade thestreets wearing fancy dress (takhpoacuteset (f) )

Spring aviv

Passover peacutesakh Seven-day(pilgrim) festival celebratingfreedom from slavery The order(seacuteder ) or structure of the feaston the first night (leyl seacuteder

) was devised by the earlyrabbis The reading of theHaggadah (lit lsquothe tellingrsquo)encourages a reliving of the exodusstory of God leading the Hebrewsfrom slavery to eventual nation-

hood through narrative commentary ritual and song The hastein which the Israelites left Egypt is remembered throughout theweek by the eating of unleavened bread (matzah )

(early) Summer kaacuteyits

Festival of Weeks shavu-ot A harvest as well as a

pilgrim festival when in ancienttimes the first fruits were taken upto the Temple in JerusalemSeven weeks after this isalso traditionally the time whenthe Law (torah ) was givento Moses and the children ofIsrael on Mount Sinai In Israeltoday children wear garlands offruit and flowers to school wherethey bring charitable donations offruits and vegetables

It is traditional to eat dairy produce at this time

˙laquopermil

UgraveOgraveAacute

dividemiddotraquoUacutelaquo

˜Egraveı

Oacuteˆpermil

permilsbquobdquopermil

IumlEgraveIuml Ogravebdquomacr

Ogravebdquomacr

UgraveOgraveAacute

DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

˙Aacutenotlaquoloz˙

OacutesbquoEgraveIuml DaggerOgrave˙macrUgraveraquoEgraveIgrave

154

The above are all religious holidays There are also importantnational holidays whose exact dates are fixed in the Hebrewcalendar ndash the Hebrew alphabet is often used for numerals par-ticularly in dates

Independence Day yom ha-atsma-ut(sometime in April)

Remembrance Day yom harsquozikaron(the day before Independence Day)

Holocaust day yom harsquosho-ah(March April)

(Note the use of lsquoinrsquo before the month when giving dates)

Exercise 12

Using the information above see if you can understand the para-graph below describing in Hebrew mainly the culinary customsassociated with the various festivals Some of the words are newso start by scanning through for the seven different verbs in thepassage in the impersonal form (see p 98) we have translated herefor you (transliteration in the key)

Verbs

They hellip we hellip

1 eat

2 drink ________

3 sit ________

4 invite ________

5 light ________

6 read ________

7 wear ________

You should now have enough information to have a go at trans-lating the sentences If you get stuck a quick leaf through theprevious units the cultural note above and some guesswork willput the pieces together (and if yoursquore really desperate therersquosalways the translation at the back)

DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave

middot

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

155

EgravelaquoIgrave permilUacuteÔacuteDaggerraquo ndash permilrsquo)5( middotDaggerEgraveEgrave

EgravelaquoIgrave permilEcircEgraveIcircmacrlaquoOcirc ndash bdquolsquo)4( middotDaggerEgraveEgrave

EgravelaquoIgrave permildividelaquoDaggerpermil ndash IcircrdquoEcirc )72( middotEgraveOgraveOcirc

156

middotDaggerdivide permildividepermil DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave middotbdquomiddotdivide AcircAacuteIumllaquo UacutesbquoraquoIumllaquo

middotEgravelaquoIgrave IcircEgraveUgraveraquo IumlDagger DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave AcircIumlDagger dividelaquoEgraveIgrave 52 divideUacutelaquo

middotOgraveraquoIcirclaquo EgravelaquodividemiddotEgraveIgrave middotOgraveraquoIcircpermil OacuteIumlDaggerpermil Ugravemacrlaquo AcircEgrave˜laquo AcircOacuteEcircOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave DaggerlaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave

IumlOgraveraquoIcircpermil

middotAacuteraquoIcircpermil OacutebdquoIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave laquo AcircDaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave IumlmiddotEgravemiddotlaquo UgraveraquoAacuteEgrave DaggerbdquoOacutepermil

middotUgraveraquoEgraveIgrave laquoDaggerEgraveIgrave middotOacutesbquoEgraveIuml DaggerOgrave˙macr AcircIumllaquomiddotdivideEgraveIgrave AacuteUgravelaquolozlaquo

middotUgraveOgraveAacute DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave DaggermacrraquoAacutepermil AacutesbquoEgravesbquoEgrave middotIumlEgraveIuml permilOgravebdquomacr AcircIumlDagger DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave IumlAacuteIgrave IcircIuml


middotdividemiddotraquoUacutelaquo DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave Uacuteraquosbquolaquo sbquomiddotEgravepermil

9Home Sweet Home


bull something about the kibbutzbull to talk about houses and homesbull the past tense ndash Group 1 and Group 2bull more prepositions with pronominal endings bull noun patterns and professions

Dialogue 1

From now on we will be asking you to translate the dialogues foryourself the comprehensive vocabulary lists should be all you need

Peter finally arrives in the kibbutz and is welcomed by Mayarsquosparents Shlomo and Dvorah into their homeWhat is their accom-modation like and why is Peter surprised

)UacuteIgraveDaggerEgraveEgraveUacuteIumlUacuteIumlEgrave(

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveEcirclaquo bdquoEgravepermil EgraveUgravepermil AcircsbquobdquolaquoIumlpermil Egravedivide IumlIcircIgrave

divideIumlOacutepermilIcircOcirc EcircDagger˙ IumlDagger bdquoEgravepermil IcircOacutelaquo UgraveUacuteIgrave permilEgravelaquoIgrave Egravedivide IumlIcircIuml AacutemiddotmacrEgrave permil˜Egravemiddotraquoı

bdquoEgravepermil Daggerlaquo middotEgrave EumlOcirc UacuteIgrave Aacutebdquomacr divideEgravepermil Aacutebdquomacr DaggerlaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave Oacute˜IumlAacute˙

dividemacrraquoEgraveIgrave OacuteEumlmiddotAacute AcircDaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquo OacutemacrUgraveOgrave˙ Daggerlaquo sbquoEgravepermil Eumlpermil

bdquomiddotlaquopermilIumlraquo DaggerEgraveOcirc EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave EumlEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml IumlEcircraquosbquolaquo UacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave UacuteIgrave EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave Egravedivide

sbquoIgrave AacutebdquomacrEgrave divideEgravepermil IumlEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrAacutedividemiddot˙Egrave dividemiddot˜Egravemiddotraquoı permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave sbquoEgraveIgrave middotmiddotEgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave middotEgraveAacutebdquo

AcircIcircraquoIumlIgrave DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave middotAacutebdquomacr DaggerlaquoIcircIuml OacutedivideraquoUcirc

divideIumlOacutepermilIcircdivideDaggerAacuteraquo sbquobdquoIumlraquo middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı middotDaggerOacute˙ sbquoraquo middotmiddotEgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave AcircIcircraquoIumlraquo

DaggerIcircIumlraquo middotEgraveAacutebdquo permilEgravelaquoIgrave permilIcircIuml dividelaquopermil hellip


piter eyzo dirah yafah vrsquogedolah yesh lakhemshlomoh ken zot lo dirah kmo paacute-am harsquoyom yesh lrsquokol

khavrey harsquokibuts dirah o bayit katan im khadarshenah khadar orkhim miklaacutekhat sherutim mitbakhversquoafiacutelu mirpeacuteset o ginah ktanah

dvorah laacutenu eyn yeladim ktanim aval lrsquozugot tse-irim imyeladim yesh gam khadrey shenah lirsquoyladim

piter khashavti shersquobarsquokibuts harsquoyladim garim brsquovet harsquoyladimbrsquoyaacutekhad vrsquokulam okhlim brsquokhadar oacutekhel meshutaf

shlomoh kshersquoanaacutekhnu gadaacutelnu barsquokibuts brsquoemet gaacuternu brsquovetyeladim vrsquokulaacutenu akhaacutelnu brsquoyaacutekhad harsquoyom harsquokolshonehhellip

dvorah nakhon aval kshersquo harsquoyladim garim vrsquookhlim barsquobaacuteyitaz yesh gam yoter avodah ursquomah itkha piter atah garbrsquobaacuteyit meshutaf or brsquobaacuteyit prati

piter ani gar barsquoir brsquokoacutetedge katan aval im ginah daygdlolah harsquoben sheli kvar ben khamesh vrsquohu me-odohev lersquosakhek im harsquokhaverim brsquokadur regel barsquokhutzbarsquoginah

Vocabulary

once paacute-am (adv)

time paacute-am (pe-amim) (f)

apartment flat dirah (f)

with im

bedroom khadar shenah (m)

living room reception khadar orkhim (m)

shower shower room miklaacutekhat (f)

toilet(s) sherutim (m pl)

kitchen mitbakh (m)

158

bdquomiddotlaquopermilIcirclaquoOcirc DaggermiddotIuml IcircdividepermilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave sbquoEgraveIgrave AcircDaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave middotmiddotEgrave DaggerEcirc Egravedivide sbquoIgrave

Egravelaquomacr Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil AcircOacutepermil DaggerEgraveIacute UgraveEgraveEumlmacr Dagger˙permil sbquo middotmiddotEgrave OacutedivideraquoUcirc

Daggerlaquo middotmiddotEgrave UgraveEumlEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave sbquo middotUacuteEgrave middot˜laquoEumlsbquorsquo EumlOcirc DaggermiddotIuml UacuteIgrave sbquoEgravepermil bdquoEgrave sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermil permilmiddotOcirc

˘IumlEgrave Icircmiddotmacr middotOcirc AacuteOacutedivide AcircpermilraquoDagger OacuteDaggerbdquo Daggerlaquopermilmiddot IumllozAacute˜ UacuteIgrave permilAacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave

middotIcircbdquoraquo macrsbquoIuml middotAacuteAcircı middotsbquoEgravepermil

UgraveUacuteIgrave

UgraveUacuteIgrave )UgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave(

bdquoEgravepermil

UacuteIgrave

Aacutebdquomacr divideEgravepermil

Aacutebdquomacr DaggerlaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave

Oacute˜IumlAacute˙

dividemacrraquoEgraveIgrave

OacuteEumlmiddotAacute

terrace balcony mirpeacuteset (f)

garden ginah (f)

I thought khashaacutevti G1

together brsquoyaacutekhad

dining-room khadar okhel (m)

communal meshutaf (meshutefet f)

when kshersquohellip

we grew up gadaacutelnu G1

with you itkha (im+atah)(here about you)

apartment block bayit meshutaf (m)(lit lsquocommunal housersquo)

private (house) (bayit) prati (m)

small house kotedge (m)

quite enough day

to play lersquosakhek G2

football kadur regel (m)

Cultural note

Kibbutzim are communal settlements found all over IsraelOriginally they were the realization of the early pioneersrsquo dreamof creating a society based on equality and cooperation and suitedthe political economic and physical needs of the country at thetime

Communal living meant large communal dining halls whichdoubled up for community activities and small often one-roomunits for couples Children lived together with their year group inspecial childrenrsquos houses as well as sharing schooling and extra-curricular activities as they do today Over the years family housinghas grown as the communal childrenrsquos houses were abandonedcommunal dining-rooms have shrunk although sports halls audi-toria and guest houses have developed

Kibbutzim were essentially farming co-operatives but whileIsrael remains at the forefront of agricultural technology industryhas now taken over from agriculture in very many places and

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

159

OacutemacrUgraveOgrave˙

sbquoEgravepermil

Aacutedividemiddot˙Egrave )Aacute-divide-middot(

middotEgraveAacutebdquo

Aacutebdquomacr DaggerlaquoIcircIuml

OacutedivideraquoUcirc)(

Icircdividehellip

sbquobdquoIumlraquo )sbquo-bdquo-Iuml(

DaggerEgraveIacute

middotEgrave OacutedivideraquoUcirc

)middotEgrave( UgraveEumlEgrave

˜laquoEumlsbquorsquo

bdquoEgrave

IumllozAacute˜ )loz-Aacute-(

Icircbdquoraquo macrsbquoIuml

several kibbutzim have even opened large factory-outlet shoppingcentres Today new kibbutzim are opening as social and economicunits in the cities concerned to maintain the basic ideology of thekibbutz movement in a different environment

Although Israelrsquos 270 kibbutzim play a significant role in theeconomy they comprise only a small percentage of the populationThere are also plenty of other country folk living in villages ofvarious kinds (including moshavim ndash another type of co-operative) Most Israelis however are townees ndash even though insome senses life in a town in Israel can often still be a rathercommunal affair

Language point

The past tense zman avar

Before reading on first try this exercise pick out the verbs in thepast tense in Dialogue 1 and see if you can work out a pattern

Now see if our description of the past tense in Hebrew matchesyour own

The past tense is formed by adding endings or suffixes to theroot letters of the verb (highlighted in the table below) corre-sponding to the personal pronouns These suffixes are the samefor all verb groups Since the subject of the verb is indicated byits ending pronouns are not necessary although you will oftenhear them used

There is only one tense to express the past in Hebrew corre-sponding to a number of tenses in English Gadalti can meaneither lsquoI grew uprsquo lsquoI have grown uprsquo lsquoI did grow uprsquo lsquoI was growinguprsquo or even lsquoI had grown uprsquo Most often the meaning is clearfrom the context

Group 1

Notice the characteristic vowel pattern of this group in the pasttense (a a) which is highlighted along with the suffixes commonto all groups

sbquobdquoIumlEgrave

EcircOacuteOcirc Uacutemiddotmacr

OacutelaquodividemiddotEgraveIgrave

160

Root Infinitive To grow up lirsquogdol

gadaacutelnu gadaacutelti

gdaltem gadaacutelta

gdalten gadalt

gadlu gadal

gadlu gadlah

You will hear some Israelis pronouncing the first syllable of verbsin this group as gadaacuteltem as opposed to the standard formgdaltemn (shown in the table above)

Verbs in G1 whose final root letter is take the same endingsbut their vowel pattern in the past is (a i)

the past tense of lsquowantrsquo is

ratsiti ratsita ratsit ratsah ratstah ratsinu ratsitem(n) ratsu

Other verbs in this group (final root letter ) are

ExampleI saw you in town yesterday what were you doing

ra-iti otkha ba-ir etmol mah asita

Verbs in G1 whose middle root letter is or conjugate as followsin the past tense

The verb lsquoto risersquo lsquoget uprsquo larsquokum

kamti kamta kamt kam kamah kamnu kamtem(n) kamu

(Notice that with these verbs the third person singular (he) is thesame in the past as in the present However the context will makeit clear which tense is intended)

Õacute˙Egrave Oacute˙ Oacute˙ Igrave Oacutepermil Oacuteraquo Oacute˙Igrave)Ocirc( Oacuteraquo


EgraveAcirc

DaggerEgraveEgrave DaggerlaquoIacute middotUacuteEgrave Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml Oacutepermil UacutelozEgrave

Daggerpermil permil Uacutelozpermilpermil

macrÊgraveEgrave macrÊgrave macrÊgrave macrˆpermil macrˆ˙permil macrÊgraveraquo macrÊgraveIgrave)Ocirc( macrˆraquo

macr--permil

permil

IumlsbquobdquolaquoIumlsbquo-bdquo-Iuml11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

161

DaggerAacuteraquo sbquobdquoIumlraquo

Dagger˙Igrave sbquobdquoIumlIgrave

Dagger˙Ocirc sbquobdquoIumlOcirc

permilIgrave sbquobdquoIumlraquo

permilOcirc sbquobdquoIumlraquo

DaggerEgrave sbquobdquoIumlEgrave

Dagger˙permil sbquobdquoIuml

Dagger˙ sbquobdquoIuml

permilraquoDagger sbquobdquoIuml

permilEgraveDagger sbquobdquoIumlpermil

Group 2

The prefix (see p 116) of the present tense is dropped in thepast and the suffixes are added to the root letters

Root Infinitive To pay lersquoshalem

shilaacutemnu shilaacutemti

shilaacutemtem shilaacutemta

shilaacutemten shilamt

shilmu shilem

shilmah

NB The past tense of third person singular is helpful in tellingyou to which group a verb belongs (He) grew (hu) gadal

rhymes with pa-al indicating that the verb belongs toGroup 1 pa-al

Similarly hu shilem rhymes with pi-el and tells youthe verb indeed belongs to Group 2

Once you know a few verbs in a group you will develop an earfor more and will begin to guess successfully which verbs belongto which group

Exercise 1

Practise using the past tense Write the correct form of the pasttense in the blank spaces

Group 1

UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlpermilraquoDagger œdivideEgraveOtildeIumlIgrave

UgraveUacuteIuml)permilraquoDagger( fisbquoAtildeAtildebdquoIuml

IumldivideIumlIgravedivide-Iuml-Igrave

Oacute

162

DaggerEgrave EgraveIumlOacute˙Egrave

Dagger˙permil EgraveIumlOacute˙

Dagger˙ EgraveIumlOacute˙

permilraquoDagger divideEgraveIumlIgrave

permilEgraveDagger divideEgraveIumlOacutepermil

DaggerAacuteraquo divideEgraveIumlOacuteraquo

Dagger˙Igrave divideEgraveIumlOacute˙Igrave

Dagger˙Ocirc EgraveIumlOacute˙Ocirc

permilIgrave)Ocirc( divideEgraveIumlOacuteraquo

DaggerEgraveDagger˙permilDagger˙permilraquoDaggerpermilEgraveDaggerDaggerAacuteraquoDagger˙IgraveDagger˙OcircpermilIgravepermilOcirc

IumlIcirclaquomiddotIcirc--middotIcircmiddotIcircmiddot˙Ocirc

Iumldividemiddot˙Egrave-divide-middotEgravedividemiddot˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot˙EgravedividemiddotraquoEgravedividemiddotraquo

IumlDaggerpermillaquomiddotDagger-permil-middotDaggerpermilmiddot˙Daggerpermilmiddot˙Igrave

IumlDaggerIcirclaquoIumlDagger-Icirc-IumlDaggerIcircIumlpermil

Group 2

Notice how one of the drops

Exercise 2

Fill in the the correct form of the verb you will need to decidefrom the context whether the present or the past is appropriate

New vocabulary

key mafteacute-akh (maftekhot m pl)

wallet arnak (m)

last month barsquokhoacutedesh shersquoavar

yesterday etmol

˙Egraveraquo

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163


Iumlmiddotmacrmiddot--middotEgravemacrEgravemiddotEgravemacrmiddotEgravemacrraquomiddotEgravemacrOcirc

IumlmiddotIuml˜-middot-Iuml˜EgravemiddotIumlraquo

IumlÕcirc˙--Ocirc˙Egrave˙Egraveraquo˙EgraveIgrave

IumlAacuteUgravelozAacute-Ugrave-lozAacuteEgraveUgravelozpermil

Iumlbdquomiddotmacrbdquo-middot-bdquoEgravemiddotmacrbdquoEgravemiddotmacrraquobdquoEgravemiddotmacrraquo

OacuteUgraveAacute)laquo(

Daggermacr

middotAacutelaquobdquodivide divideUacutemiddotmacr

Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml

1UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc DaggerEgrave )Egrave-divide-middot( middotOacutemacrUgraveOgrave˙ Acirc)--permil( Ugravepermil IcircEgrave )Uacute-middot-bdquo( dividepermil

IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave

2permilraquoDagger divideraquomiddot )Aacute-Ugrave-loz( Dagger˙ permilOacuteUgraveAacutelaquo Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml permilraquoDagger )Aacute-Ugrave-loz( Dagger˙

permilOacuteUacuteEgraveIuml divideIumllaquo

3Oacute˙Egrave Dagger˙ )-middot-Iuml( Dagger˙ permilDaggermacr middotOacute˙permil DaggerOacuteDagger divideIumlEgrave )--Ocirc( IumlEgrave

Daggerlaquolaquo IumlEgravelaquoIgrave permilpermilraquoIumlbdquo IumlEgrave middotAacutelaquobdquodivide divideUacutemiddotmacr

4UgraveUacuteIgrave permilraquoDagger )Dagger-Icirc-Iuml( macr Oacutepermil divideDaggerOacuteDagger divideIumllaquo )middot-divide-Iuml( permilEgravelaquoIgrave permilraquoDagger sbquoIgrave

)Dagger-permil-middot( Dagger˙ Oacutepermil divideDaggerEgrave )middot-divide-Iuml(

5Oacutepermil UacutelozEgraveIgrave Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml )middot--( DaggerÎuml OgravemiddotDagger AcircOgravemiddot˙Dagger divideIumlraquo

Exercise 3

The Cohens are on the move read the paragraph and say whetherthe statements below are true or false ( )

New vocabulary

to move larsquoavor dirah(apartment house)

cute sweet khamud(-ah f)

a teacher moreh (morah f)

of her (my yourhellip) own mirsquoshelah (mirsquosheli mirsquoshelkha hellip)

True or False

1 The Cohens are a young couple

2 They currently have a two-bedroom apartment but it has a largeterrace

3 Yael would like a corner of her own to be able to work at home

4 Itamar would like a room of his own

5 They are looking for another apartment or even a house witha garden

IcirclaquoOcircIumlDagger IcirclaquoOcirc

164

IumlUacutemiddotlaquo bdquoEgravepermil

AacuteOacuteraquobdquo)permil(

Oacutelaquopermil

OacutedivideIumlpermil )OacutedivideIumlEgrave OacutedivideIumlIacutehellip(

bdquoOcirc AcircEgraveUacuteIuml IcircpermilOcirc macrlaquoEgraveIgrave IumlUacutemiddotlaquo bdquoEgravepermil permilbdquoEgravepermil divideIumlpermilIgrave Eumlpermil OacutebdquoEgrave

IumlOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumlpermilIgrave Egravedivide IumlpermilIgrave macr divideEgrave AacutebdquomacrEgrave divideEgravepermil Aacutebdquomacr DaggerlaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave )OgraveIumllaquoOcirc(

raquoOacutemacrUgraveOgrave˙ sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermil IumlEcircraquosbquo permilÛacuteEgrave Egravedivide divideIumllaquodividepermil EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave AacuteOacuteraquobdquoEgraveIgrave divideIumlOacutepermil middotOcirc

4 DaggerEgraveOacutemacr middotOcirc 6 AcircdividelaquodivideEgrave Icircmiddotmacr middot˙ 11 Acirclaquopermil Aacutebdquomacr OacutedivideIumlpermil EgraveUacuteIuml Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo

middotmiddotEgrave OgraveUgravemacr IcircOacutelaquopermil AcircsbquoIgrave permilEgraveDagger macrEgraveIcircpermil UgraveEgravepermil OacutedivideIumlpermil IcircbdquoEgrave IumlUacutemiddotlaquobdquo middotmiddotEgrave

permilIgrave OacuteAacuteUgravelozEgraveIgrave bdquoEgravepermil DaggerAacutemacr Daggerlaquo DaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquo middotEgrave UgraveEumlEgrave UacuteIgrave sbquoEgravepermil

IcirclaquoOcirc Daggerlaquo IumlDagger-IcirclaquoOcirc

Exercise 411112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

165

bdquoEgrave˙ Dagger

bdquoEgrave˙ Iumllaquopermil AacutebdquomacrEgraveIgrave macrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc middotEgrave OgraveUgravemacr AcircOgraveAcircUgraveOacutemacrEuml˜macrlaquomiddotEgraveIgrave

rsquo lsquo

bdquoEgrave˙ middot

bdquoEgrave˙ divideIumllaquodividepermil AacutebdquomacrEgraveIgrave OacutemacrIcircEcirc permilUacuteEgrave macrAacutelaquomiddot divide˜Euml Aacutemiddotraquopermil EgravemiddotraquoEgrave

rsquo lsquo

New vocabulary

centre merkaz (m)

quiet shaket (shketah f)

transport takhburah (f)public tsiburi(-t f)

parking khanayah (f)

Which apartment suits the Cohen family better

Write at least one sentence about each property on pp 165ndash6 andstate if in your opinion it is suitable for the Cohen familyRemember how to say lsquoin my opinionrsquo lrsquofi da-ti (See key to exercises for our suggestions)

IumlUgraveEgrave bdquoUacuteEgravehellip

166

middotEgrave sbquo

middotEgrave UgraveEumlEgrave divideIumllaquopermil AacutebdquomacrEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteÊgrave AacuteEgraveEgravepermil UgraveEumlEgrave sbquoEgravepermil

rsquo lsquo

OacutemacrIcircEcirc

divide˜Euml)permil(

˙AacutemiddotraquopermilÊgravemiddotraquoEgrave)(

AacuteEgraveEgravepermil

DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo bdquoEgravepermil Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacutepermil Egravelaquomacr IumlOacutedivideUgraveAacute˙ IcircpermilOcirc

Example

lrsquofi da-ati harsquodirah birsquorkhov harsquoyarkon pakhot matimah kiharsquomitbakh katan

In my opinion the apartment on HarsquoYarkon Street is lesssuitable because the kitchen is small

Exercise 5

Here is Yael Cohen on the phone to her friend Nekhamahdescribing what she has seen Using the vocabulary list below seeif you can read and understand the dialogue (the translation is inthe key)

Has Yael found her new home If so what are the advantagesof her choice over the others

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

167

IumlUgraveEgrave bdquoUacuteEgrave permilbdquoEgravepermil middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc UgraveAacutelaquo Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacutepermil IcircEgrave permilOacuteEumlmiddotAacute EumlOcirc

EgraveUacuteIuml AcircpermilAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlpermil AacuteOacutepermil Oacutebdquomiddotmacrlaquo middotEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc EgraveUacuteIuml OacuteOgraveUgravemacr IumlAacuteOacutepermil Oacutepermil

permilEgraveDagger OacuteˆDaggerpermil

EgraveUacuteIumlDaggerEgraveEgrave bdquoEgrave˙ divideIumllaquodividepermil AacutebdquomacrEgraveIgrave middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilEgraveIgrave

˙OacuteEgravebdquo macrÊgraveEgrave OacuteEumlmiddotAacute sbquobdquolaquoIuml DaggermiddotIuml permilOacuteEumlmiddotAacute divideIgrave bdquoEgrave EumlOcirc AcircEgravedivide

macr Aacutebdquomacr DaggerOacutemiddotEumlEgravepermil DaggerAacutebdquo Oacuteˆbdquo divideEgrave permilOacutemacrUgraveOgrave˙ UacuteEgrave AcircpermillaquoUcirc

OacuteÕgraveEgraveIgrave

AacuteOacutepermilAcircOacutepermil UacuteIgrave permilbdquoEgravepermil permildivideEgraveEgravepermil divideDaggerEgrave permilEgraveDagger Egravelaquomacr Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacutepermil

EgraveUacuteIumlpermilbdquoEgravepermil permilEcircDagger˙ middotOacutemacrIcircEcirc permilUacuteEgrave AcircEgravedivide middotpermil OacuteEumlmiddotAacute EgraveUgravepermil AcircsbquobdquolaquoIuml AcircsbquoIgrave

divideEgrave AacutebdquomacrEgrave DaggerOacutemiddotEumlEgravepermil UacuteIgrave AacuteIumllaquoOcirc AacutemiddotIuml macr dividepermilOacutemacrUgraveOgrave˙ Eumlpermil

AacuteOacutepermilAcircIcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc Aacutemiddotraquopermil EgravemiddotraquoEgrave Eumllaquomiddotpermil

EgraveUacuteIuml IcircOcirc IcirclaquoOcirc DaggermiddotIuml DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUgraveEgraveIgrave middotEgrave-OgraveUgravemacr divide˜macrlaquomiddot IumlmiddotEgrave

middotOacutemacrAacute˜ permilIumlEgraveIcircpermil

AacuteOacutepermilIumlDagger Aacutedividemiddot˙Igrave IumlUacutemiddotlaquo IumlmiddotEgrave UacuteIgrave sbquoEgravepermil

EgraveUacuteIuml Ecircpermilraquo middotbdquoEgraveraquo AcircmiddotDaggerOacute˙ DaggerEgraveEgrave middotEgrave permilbdquomacr middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot permildivide˜bdquo

DaggerOacuteIgrave divideIgrave Egravedivide macr Aacutebdquomacr DaggerOacutemiddotEumlEgravepermil DaggerAacutebdquo DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide sbquoIgrave

divideEgraveraquoEgraveIgrave UgravemacrbdquoEgraveIgrave permilOacuteEumlmiddotAacute ˆ˙ EumlOcirc DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide IumlmiddotEgrave sbquoEgravepermil

UacuteIgrave bdquoIuml EgraveEgraveDaggerpermil OacutepermilOacuteEumlmiddotAacute AcircOacuteAacutebdquomacr permilDaggerlaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave IumlsbquoEgravepermil

AacuteOacutepermilOacuteˆraquoEgraveEgraveOcirc Oacutepermil UacuteIgrave AacuteEgraveEgravepermil

Vocabulary

tell(s) mesaperet

sea yam (m)

huge anaki(-t f)

view landscape scenery nof (m)

splendid maksim(-ah f)

in it (lit lsquoin herrsquo) bah (brsquo+hi ending)

(walking) distance merkhak (m)walking halikhah (f)

thatrsquos it zehu

wonderful nehedar (nehederet f)

itrsquos true that indeed omnam

a separate toilet sherutim nifradim(lit lsquoseparate servicesrsquo)

a little quite ktsat

door delet (dlatot f)

exit yetsi-ah (f)

entrance knisah (f)

workroom study khadar avodah (m)

well nu

Exercise 6

You want to put your own home on the market describe it to theagent you are instructing

168

EgraveUacuteIuml Egravedivide AacuteEgraveEgravepermil UgraveEumlEgrave middotIcircEgraveOgravepermil Aacute permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave IumlDagger macrAacutelaquopermil

middotEgrave permilOgraveUgravemacr macrlaquomiddot AcircDaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquo Egravedivide AacuteÊgrave Aacutebdquomacr Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave IumlAacutebdquomacr

Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil

AacuteOacutepermil raquo Icircmiddotmacr OgraveEgraveUgravemacr IumlbdquoOcirc divideOacuteˆDagger˙ middotEgrave

OacuteOgraveUgravemacr )Ograve-Ugrave-(

EgraveIgrave

UacuteEgrave)(

laquoUcirc

OacuteÕgraveEgraveIgrave)permil(

middotpermil

OacutemacrAacute˜permilIumlEgraveIcircpermil

Ecircpermilraquo

permilbdquomacr)(

DaggerOacuteIgrave

divideEgraveraquoEgraveIgrave UgravemacrbdquoEgraveIgrave

˜ˆ˙

bdquoIuml

EgraveEgraveDaggerpermil

IcircEgraveOgravepermil

Aacutebdquomacr Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil

raquo

Dialogue 2

has come and gone and Peter and Maya are still on thekibbutz Itrsquos a work day lunchtime and Peter finds his way to thekibbutz dining-room Unfortunately Maya and her family canrsquot joinhim but he is not alone for long

Rakheli affectionate diminutive of rakhel = Rachel Pronounced lsquokhayarsquo but you will see this name spelled Haya orChaya in English

dividemiddot˙

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

169

macrAacuteIumlDagger˙permil Oacute˙bdquomiddot Aacutebdquodivide

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlDagger DaggerEgrave middotDagger˙Egrave macr IumlmiddotEgraveraquo DaggerEgrave Icirclaquomiddot OacuteDaggerOacutemacr IumlUacuteEgravelaquoOcirc

DaggersbquoIumlEgrave UacuteIuml permilAacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave middotDaggermacrı AcircOacutepermil DaggerEgraveIacute

macrAacuteIumlDaggerEgrave Oacute˙bdquomiddot˙ DaggerEgrave IumllaquoOacutebdquo UacutemiddotmacrEgrave middotDaggerraquoIumlUgraveOcirc DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilˆpermilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

middotmiddot˜macrEgraveIgrave DaggerEgrave Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo divideIumllaquodivide UgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave middotdividemiddotraquoUacute middotsbquoOcirc permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave

AcircUgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave middotdividemiddotraquoUacute middotOacuteIcircmiddotOgravepermil

EgravelaquoOgraveUcircmacrAacuteIumlEgrave Dagger˙ EgraveIcirclaquoIumlpermil IumlpermilUacutemiddotEgrave IumlEgrave Dagger˙ permilOacuteIumlAacute middotmiddot˜dividepermil )IcircraquoIumlIgrave

ˆlaquoAacute˜EgraveIgrave( DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave OacuteIumlAacute middotDaggerlaquoIcircIuml IcircEgrave permilEumlmiddotAacute

divideIumlraquo Aacutelaquodividemiddot divideEcircpermil IumlDagger middotmacrEgraveDagger DaggerEgrave EgravelaquoOgraveUcirc dividemacr OacutepermilIuml permilOacuteUgraveUacuteIuml

divideIuml permilOacute˘˜ UacuteEgraveIgrave IumlpermilIcircEgrave DaggerlaquoIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo divideOacuteUacuteEgrave UacuteIumlEgraveIacute OacuteOacuteDaggerEgravepermil Dagger˙permil sbquoIgrave sbquobdquoIuml middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı

EgravelaquoOgraveUcirc IumlDagger DaggerEgrave EgraveraquodivideIumlOacuteEgrave DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave divideraquoEgrave IumlAacutemiddotmacr Oacutedivide˜ Uacute AcircpermilEgraveDagger

IcircOacutelaquo OacuteDaggerEgravepermil sbquobdquoIumlpermil middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı Ecircpermil UacuteEgravebdquolaquo EcircDagger˙ AacuteEgravepermil AcircEcircpermil

EgravepermillaquodivideUacute permilAacutedivideOacuteIumlDaggerEgrave permilIcircEgrave EcircEgraveEcirc middotUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

EgravepermillaquodivideUacuteEgraveDaggerIumlIumlpermil DaggerIuml sbquoEcircEgraveIgrave permilIgrave laquoDaggerEgraveIgrave IumlEgrave IcircIuml UgraveUacuteIgrave divideEgravedivide middotUacuteEgravelaquo

UacuteIgrave permilAacutedivideOacuteIuml AcircmiddotbdquomacrIacute IcircIumlIuml DaggerEgrave Ugravelaquomacr Dagger˙ permilmiddotUacuteEgravepermil OacuteEgravebdquo

EgravelaquoOgraveUcirc DaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute IumlEcircraquoEcirc Egravedivide IumlEgrave UgravesbquoEgravedividepermil middotUacutelaquobdquo Uacutelozmacr

bdquolaquo UacuteEgravebdquolaquo AcircAacuteEgravepermil Dagger˙Igrave EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlpermilDaggerlaquo ˆ˙ IumlUgraveEgraveEumlmacr Dagger˙

permilOacutedivide˜

UacuteEgravebdquolaquo AcircAacuteEgraveEgravepermil IcircOcirc middotmacrˆlaquoOcirc macrmiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr middotDaggerOacute˙ Egravedivide IumlIcircIgrave EcircOacuteOcirc Ecircpermil middotbdquoEgraveraquo Oacutepermil dividemacrÊgraveEgrave IumlUacutelozlaquo

170

rakhel atah mitnadev khadashpiter lo ani rak baacuteti lrsquobikur ani kotev ma-amar al

harsquokhayim barsquoaacuterets lersquoiton angli vrsquomah itakhrakhel ani mitnadeacutevet ani lomeacutedet ivrit barsquoulpan akharey

harsquotsohoraacuteyim barsquobkarim ani oveacutedet shalosh pe-amim barsquoshavuacute-a brsquogan harsquoyladim vrsquopa-amaacuteyimbarsquoshavuacute-a barsquomikhbasah

yosef rakheli at yekholah lrsquoha-avir li et harsquomeacutelakhbrsquovakashah (kulam tsokhakim) af paacute-am eynmaspik melakh barsquooacutekhel ki harsquotabakh shelaacutenukhoshev shersquozeh lo bari ani yosef sharet menahelharsquomif-al shel harsquomeacuteshek na-im lrsquohakir otkha

piter na-im me-od shamaacuteti aleacutekha mirsquomaya atah gamgadaacutelta barsquokibuts

yosef lo ani yerushaacutelmi aval ani nasuy lrsquokhaverat meacuteshekanat vrsquohi kmo maya gadlah barsquokibuts zeh ido zotkhaacuteyah vrsquozeh yehoshu-a harsquokhashmelay hakhi zarizbarsquoolam

yehoshu-a y-alah al tagzim hem kor-im li kol paacute-am shersquoyeshbe-ayot im harsquokhashmal ursquovrsquoderekh klal ani poter etharsquobe-ayah miyad

yosef ani mitsta-er aval ani tsarikh larsquozuz yesh li pgishahbrsquood eacuteser dakot ido vrsquokhayah atem yekholim lrsquohar-otktsat lrsquopiter et harsquomeacuteshek

ido vrsquokhayah ken brsquoratson ravpiter brsquoemet yesh lakhem zman zeh brsquodiyuk mah

shersquoratsiacuteti larsquoasot

Vocabulary

volunteer mitnadev(-etf)

what about you (f) mah itakh

ulpan (intensive ulpan (m)Hebrew course)

in the mornings barsquobkarim

kindergarten nursery gan yeladim (m)

laundry mikhbasah (f)

Oacute˙bdquomiddot

Oacutepermil DaggerEgraveIacute

DaggerraquoIumlUgraveOcirc

middotmiddot˜macrEgraveIgrave

sbquoOcirc permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave

OacuteIcircmiddotOgravepermil

to pass lrsquoha-avir G3

salt melakh (m)

cook tabakh (m)

(factory) manager menahel(-et f)factory mif-al (m)

farm = kibbutz meacuteshek (m)

about you (m) aleacutekha (al+ atah)

from Jerusalem (adj) yerushaacutelmi(-t f)

electricity khashmalelectrician khashmelay(-a-it f)

nimble agile zariz(-ah f)

come on y-alah (Arabic)

donrsquot exaggerate al tagzim

usually brsquodeacuterekh klal

solve(s) poter G1

to move larsquozuz G1

to show lrsquohar-ot G3

Language points

More prepositions with pronoun endingslsquowithrsquo im and lsquoonrsquo al + endings

In Dialogue 1 Shlomo asks Peter ldquoAnd what about yourdquo (litlsquowhatrsquos with yoursquo) (itkha) In Dialogue 2 Peter asksRachel the same question (itakh) The prepositionlsquowithrsquo im becomes lsquoit-rsquo + the pronoun endings when itdeclines

She is travelling with me to Israel hi nosa-at iti lrsquoisra-elpermilEgraveDagger laquoOgraveUacute DaggerEgraveEgraveIumlEgravelozDaggerIuml

DaggerEgraveUacuteIgraveOacutepermil DaggerEgraveIacute

AcircOacutepermil DaggerEgraveIacute

UacuteIumlUacuteIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

171

IumlpermilUacutemiddotEgrave )Uacute-middot-(

OacuteIumlAacute

EumlmiddotAacute

OacutepermilIuml)( )permil(OacuteUgraveUacuteIuml

Oacutedivide˜

UacuteIumlEgraveIacute

EgraveraquodivideIumlOacuteEgraveEgrave)(

AacutedivideOacuteIuml AacutedivideOacuteIumlDaggerEgrave)(

EcircEgraveEcirc)permil(

EgraveDaggerIumlIumlpermil

DaggerIuml sbquoEcircEgraveIgrave

middotbdquomacrIacute IcircIumlIuml

Ugravelaquomacr )Ugrave--(

IumlEcircraquoEcirc )Ecirc-raquo-Ecirc(

IumlpermilDaggerlaquo )-Dagger-permil(

Here is the full declension it follows the pattern of which you have already learnt

itam(n) itkhem(n) itanu itah ito itakh itkha iti with

NB Do not confuse iti lsquowith mersquo with oti lsquomersquo thedirect object pronoun

He grew up with him but didnrsquot remember himhu gadal ito aval lo zakhar oto

My girlfriend is coming to the wedding with us can you also takeher in your car

Not all prepositions decline in the same way In Dialogue 2 wealso hear Peter saying ldquoI have heard about you shamati alekha

rdquo The preposition lsquoonrsquo lsquoaboutrsquo al takes thefollowing endings

aleyhem(n) aleykhem(n) aleacuteynu aleacutehah alav alaacuteyikh aleacutekha alay onabout

The prepositions lsquobeforersquo lifney lsquoafterrsquo akharey and lsquotorsquoel follow the same pattern as

The preposition el means lsquotorsquo like lsquo rsquo They are often inter-changeable in colloquial Hebrew but there is a distinction youwould often say lsquoto go tohelliprsquo larsquolekhet lrsquo but you wouldalways say lsquoto come torsquo lavo el

They came (to us) for a visit

hem ba-u elenu lrsquobikur

NB Check your spelling do not confuse el with al UacuteIumlDaggerIuml

permilIgrave middotDaggerraquo DaggerIumlEgraveraquo IumlmiddotEgraveraquo

IumlmiddotlaquoDagger DaggerIumlIumlIumlIcirc Iumlhellip

IumlDaggerIuml

UacuteIumlDaggerIumlDaggerAacutemacrEgraveIumlUgraveEgrave

UacuteIumldivide∆rsaquoOacuteUacuteEgrave UacuteIumlEgraveIacute

permilraquoDagger sbquobdquoIuml DaggerEgravelaquoDaggermiddotIuml IumlDagger EcircIcircmacr Daggerlaquolaquo

DaggerlaquoEgraveDaggerEgraveEgrave

Dagger˙ Iuml divideIuml

172


permilAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlEgrave middotDaggerpermil DaggerEgraveraquoIumlAacute˙raquopermil Dagger˙permil EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlAacute˙ sbquoIgrave Daggerlaquopermil

middotmacrIcircmiddot divideIumlIacute

UacuteIumlUacuteIumlEgraveUacuteIumlEgraveIacuteUacuteIumlEgraveIacuteUacuteIumlEgraveAcircUacuteIumlEgravepermilUacuteIumlEgraveraquoUacuteIumlEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(UacuteIumlEgravepermilIgrave)Ocirc(


UacuteIgraveDaggerEgraveEgraveDaggerEgraveIacuteDaggerEgraveIacuteDaggerEgravelaquoDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgraveraquoDaggerEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerEgraveIgrave)Ocirc(

Other examples

The table is full all my work is on it (lit lsquoon himrsquo)harsquoshulkhan maleh kol harsquoavodah sheli alav

I wrote (to) them a long article about youkatavti elehem ma-amar arokh alaacuteyikh

The new offer (hatsa-ah) is very good Have you heard aboutit (lit lsquoabout herrsquo aleacuteyhah)

Exercise 7

Insert the correct form of the preposition indicated in brackets

Example

I am thinking about you ani khoshev alaacuteyikh

Exercise 8

Fill in the missing preposition from the list below If you feel confi-dent you can cover the list and try on your own without it

Example

Have you seen my book Yes I saw it ra-iacuteta et harsquoseacutefer sheli ken ra-iacuteti oto

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilOgraveUgravemacr divideIumlEgrave IcircOcirc DaggerEgraveEgrave Daggerlaquolaquo

DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot )UacuteIuml + Dagger˙( IcircIuml permilEcircOacuteOcirc DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot UacuteIumlEgraveIacute

permilpermilÛacutepermil permilAacutebdquodividepermil OacuteDaggerbdquo Eumllaquomiddotpermil divideOacuteUacute UacuteIumlEgravepermil

Icircmiddot˙Egrave DaggerIumlEgravepermilIgraveOacuteDaggerOacutemacr DaggermacrlaquoIacute UacuteIumlEgraveIacute

permildivideraquoIumlAacuteOcirc OacuteIumlDagger IcircIuml permilUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermildivideIumlEgrave UacuteIumlEgraveAcirc

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

173

1DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot )UacuteIuml + Dagger˙( IcircIuml permilEcircOacuteOcirc

2permilIgrave middotDaggerEgraveIgrave )UacuteIgrave + DaggerAacuteraquo( IumlEumlEgraveraquoIuml

3DaggerEgraveraquo )Dagger˙ + permilOcirc( Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot

4permilraquoDagger Icircmiddot OgraveEgraveUgraveraquo )UacuteIuml + permilEgraveDagger(

5IumlAacute˙Egrave )UacuteIgrave + DaggerEgrave( Dagger˙ permilOgraveUgravemacr

6˜EgraveEgrave )Dagger˙ + permilIgrave( middotAacuteraquo permilAacutebdquodividepermil

7middotDaggerraquo permilmiddotEgravepermil )IumlUgraveEgrave + Dagger˙Igrave(

Noun Patterns Professions

We have seen how important the root letters are for Hebrew verbsand you may well have noticed root letters reappearing in wordswith related meanings Here is an opportunity to see how rootletters can help you to connect nouns as well as verbs

The root achieves a wide variety of meanings by being lsquocastrsquo intovarious patterns corresponding to types of words In the dialogueabove we came across a number of different occupations so letrsquosstart there since professions can readily be grouped by character-istic endings

profession(s) miksoacute-amikso-ot(mpl)

occupation isuk (m)

the ay group

journalist itonay(-it f)

mechanic mekhonay(-it f)

electrician khashmelay(-it f)

174

Oacute˜ˆlaquoUacute)laquo(

UacuteEgraveOgraveraquo

UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave)(

OacuteIcirclaquoDaggerEgrave)(

AacutedivideOacuteIumlDaggerEgrave)(

1DaggerEgrave Dagger˙ permilmiddot˙ divideIumlEgrave IcircOcirc DaggerEgraveEgrave ______

2Ecircpermil permilmiddotOcirc divideIumlIcircIgrave IcircOcirc permilraquoDagger permilmiddotOcirc _______

3˜Egrave Dagger˙ permilEgrave˜laquo dividemiddotEgravedivide˙Egrave IcircOcirc EgraveEgrave ______

4Dagger˙ Iumllaquomiddotdivide˙ lozOacuteIumlpermil Aacutebdquodividepermil permilEgraveDagger OacuteDaggerbdquo EgraveUgravepermil ________

5permilAacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave lozIumlIcircIgrave sbquoraquo Ugravepermil IumlUgraveEgraveIcircIgrave IumlDagger permilIgrave middotDaggerraquo

Iumlsbquoraquo Ugravepermil ________

DaggerlaquoIgrave UacuteIumlEgraveIacute Daggerlaquopermil DaggerAacutemacrEgraveraquo divideIumlraquo

the eet group

policeman shoter(-et f)

labourer po-el(-et f)

goalkeeperdoorman sho-er(-et f)

the ananit group

pianist psantran(-it f)

ticket seller kartisan(-it f)

the a-aa-it group

cook tabakh(-it f)

hairdresser sapar(-it f)

Exercise 9

Now look closely at the following list of words Can you pair themup with the list of occupations above

You do not need to understand their meaning to do this or evenbe sure of how to pronounce them correctly the important thingis to recognize how they are related You may have to disregardprefixes or suffixes or even infixes (inserts) to recognize the sharedroot letters But once you get into the habit of relating words inthis way your vocabulary will expand quickly and go far beyondthe glossary at the back of this book (But donrsquot worry you willfind the transliteration and all of the words in the key)

Example

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

175

EumlmiddotAacute)Egrave(

OgraveUgravemacr)Egrave(

dividelaquoEumlmacr)(

UgravelaquoUacuteIuml)(

dividelaquoUacutemacr)(

UgraveOgravemacrOcirc)Egrave(

IcircEumlEgraveOgraveOcirc)Egrave(

UgraveUacuteraquoIumlpermil ndash UgravelaquoUacuteIuml)(

UgraveUacuteraquoIumlpermil OacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil OacuteIcirclaquopermil UgraveOgravemacr IcircEumlEgraveOgrave

AacutedivideOacuteIuml OacutedivideEumlmacrpermil OacuteEumlmiddotAacute UacuteEgravelaquoOcirc lozUacutemacr

Exercise 10

You have already learnt some nouns relating to these occupationsif you look at the spelling closely you will be able to guess whatthe following words mean and be able to match them with thetranslations below (Check your answers with the transliteration inthe key to make sure you pronounce them correctly)

Examplegardener (ganan)

fisherman pilot soloist banker watchmaker politician gardeneractorplayer writer greengrocer cashier

Exercise 11

Can you say what your profession isInformally you would simply ask

lsquoWhat do you dorsquo ma atah oseh

But you might wish to use the more formal lsquoWhat is your occupationrsquo bameh atah ovedosek

Or to be more specific lsquoWhat is your professionoccupationrsquo mah harsquomiktsoacute-a shelkha

Say what your brother does for a living or your son or yourmother or the woman down the road Do they do any of theabove

Oacutepermil permilOacute˜ˆlaquoUacute divideIumlIacute

middotOacutepermil Dagger˙permil UacutelaquomiddotbdquoUacutelaquoOgrave˜

Oacutepermil Dagger˙permil Uacutelaquolozpermil

sbquoOcirc

176

sbquoOcirc UgravelaquoIumlEgraveEumlEgraveDaggerEgrave bdquoEgraveEgravesbquo EumlEgraveEgraveOgrave divideUacuteOcirc OgravelaquoIumlOcirc middotDaggerEgrave EgraveÕcirc

lozAacuteÕcirc raquoUgraveDaggerEgrave OgravelaquoUgravemacr

10Sport andculture


bull to talk about hobbies and sportsbull a little historybull the past tense of Group 3 verbsbull the past tense of lsquoto bersquo

lsquoI wasrsquo I hadrsquo bull more prepositions with endings bull more about asking questions and using conjunctionsbull verbs ndash Group 4 present and past tenses

Dialogue 1

You will now find transliterations in the Appendix at the back ofthe book ndash should you need them (Donrsquot panic the vocabulary listscontinue to provide transliterations of all new words)

On his way around the kibbutz Peter has a chance to ask Ido andHaya a bit about themselves and life on the kibbutz What work dothey do Are they happy with their life on the kibbutz

)permil˙UgraveUacuteIuml(

)IcircOacutelaquo(permilEgravepermil IumlEgravepermilEgraveEgraveEgrave

)permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml(

OgravenotlaquoEuml Acircmacrmiddotraquo11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave OacutemiddotEgraveOcirc divideDagger˙Igrave AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave middot˜Egravemiddotraquoı IcirclaquoOcirc Oacutepermil Dagger˙Igrave UacutelaquolozEgraveIgrave

UacuteEgravebdquolaquoIcircdivideAacuteEcirc˙Egrave OacutepermilEumlEgraveraquoIuml middotOacuteEcircAacute permilmacrAacutelaquo )EcircDagger˙ permilEgravepermil permilAacuteraquoUgravedividepermil

divideIumlEgrave DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permildividemacrraquo middotˆmiddotDagger( permilOacutedivideIcircEgrave IumlUacutemiddotlaquobdquo middotUgravemacrbdquoOgrave IcircOacutelaquo

divide˙OacuteEgravebdquo UacutelozEgraveEgrave middotAacuteraquoUgravedividelaquo OacutemiddotEgrave permilOgraveUgravemacr UgraveUacuteIgrave macrÊgraveEgrave IumlpermilEgravelaquo

lozAacuteÕcirc OacuteEgrave EgravelaquobdquoUacute DaggerraquoIumlEgrave EgravelaquoIgrave DaggerAacutebdquo DaggermiddotIuml UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc DaggerEgrave OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUcirc

IumlpermilEgravelaquo macrlaquomiddot IumlOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumlEgrave IumlOacutemacrlaquo dividemacrmiddot permilAacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave divideIumlEgrave

UacutelaquoEcircmiddotEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permil˜Egravemiddotraquoı

Vocabulary

understand(s) mevin G3

I returned came back khazaacuterti G1

the Far East harsquomisrakh harsquorakhok

army (defence force tsava (m) of Israel) (tsakhal ndash tsva harsquoganah lrsquoisrael)

orchard citrus grove pardes (m)

school beyt seacutefer (m)

laboratory ma-abadah (f)

chemistry khimiyah (f)

like you kmokhem(kmo+atem)(m pl)

to enjoy mevalim G2

hall ulam (m)

swimming pool brekhah (f)

orchestra tizmoacuteret (f)

choir mak-helah (f)

all kinds of kol miney

club khug (m)

drama drama (f)

178

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrAacuteEgravepermil sbquoIgrave Dagger˙ EumlEgraveEgraveIuml DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilˆmiddotDagger

AacuteEgraveEgravepermilIumlDagger permilIumlIcircEgrave IumlDaggerraquoEgravemiddotOgraveEgraveEumlpermil AcircUacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc DaggerEgrave Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo middotOacuteUgraveUacuteIuml

middotOacuteUacutemiddotbdquopermil Ecircpermil OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc DaggerlaquoEgrave IcircEgrave IumlOacutebdquoEgrave IcircEgraveOacuteEgravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveIacute DaggerdivideEgraveIgrave UacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave IcircOacutelaquoIcircIgrave OacutemiddotIumlEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilEcircOacuteOcirc permilUgraveraquoEgrave

AacuteEgraveEgravepermilEgravedivide Iumlraquo permilIcircIuml Ugravepermil DaggerraquoIumlIgrave OgraveUgravelaquoEuml middotmacrEgraveIcircpermil laquoIumllaquoUacute

˙EcircOacutelaquo˙ Oacute˜permilIumlpermilIcircIuml OacuteEgraveEgrave AacuteraquosbquoEgraveIgrave bdquoOacutepermil Egraveraquo macrEgraveraquobdquo

Egravedivide Oacutepermil IumlUacutelozlaquo

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrdivideOacuteUacute DaggerEgravebdquoDaggerIumlEgrave

UacuteEgravebdquolaquoIcircOcirc DaggerraquoIumlEgrave IcircdivideDaggermiddotDagger divideIumlEgrave permilsbquoEgraveUacute OacuteUacuteEgraveDagger˜ IcircEgraveIumlbdquo permilEgravepermil Iumllaquo

AacuteIumllaquoIgrave Iumlmiddotlaquo Ugravepermil sbquoOcirc UacutebdquoOcirc permilEgravelaquoIgrave Egravedivide Iumlraquo permilIcircIuml DaggermiddotIuml

middotEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc divideIumllaquoIgrave Egravedivide macr Ãcirclaquo

OacutemiddotEgraveOcirc )middot-Egrave-Ocirc(

AacuteEcirc˙Egrave )Aacute-Ecirc-(

permilOacuteEcircAacute permilmacrAacutelaquo

ˆmiddotDagger )permilrdquoIuml(

UgravemacrbdquoOgrave


OacuteUacutemiddotbdquopermil

IcircEgraveOacuteEgravepermil

IcircOacutelaquoIcircIgrave

OacutemiddotIumlEgraveIgrave )middot-Iuml-permil(

DaggerraquoIumlIgrave

middotmacrEgraveIcircpermil

˙EcircOacutelaquo˙

Oacute˜permilIumlpermil

IcircIuml OacuteEgraveEgrave

Aacuteraquosbquo

bdquoOacutepermil

drawing painting tsiyur (m)

dance rikud (m)

it sounds (lit lsquoit is heardrsquo) nishma

ideal ide-aacuteli(-t f)

Iraq irak

dream khalom (m)

to build lirsquovnot G1

Garden of Eden gan-eacuteden

in the meantime benataacuteyim

hope tikvah (f)

lsquoHatikvahrsquo is the name of the Israeli national anthemIt means literally lsquothe hopersquo

Language points

The past tense of Group 3 verbs

In the past tense Group 3 verbs drop the prefix of the presenttense but retain the of the infinitive (The endings are the usualpast tense suffixes common to all verb groups) The vowel patternof the third person singular is generally i-i like the name of thegroup Problem root letters as we have seen create varia-tions in vowel patterns a variation you will frequently come acrossin the past of tense of this group is e-i

Root Infinitive To continue lrsquohamshikhcontinuation hemshek

himshaacutekhnu himshaacutekhti

himshaacutekhtem himshaacutekhta

himshaacutekhten himshakht

himshiacutekhu himshikh

himshiacutekhah

permilOacutedivideIacuteIumlpermilOacutedivideEgraveIacuteOacute-divide-Iacute


permilOacute


permil˙ÃcircAcircpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

179

Êgraveraquo

macrEgraveraquobdquo

divideOacuteUacute

DaggerEgravebdquoDaggerIumlEgrave)(

UacuteEgraveDagger˜

AacuteIumllaquoIgrave

Iumlmiddotlaquo )middot--permil(

sbquoOcirc-UacutebdquoOcirc

middotEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

˙ÃcircAcircpermil

DaggerEgrave permilOacutedivideIcircEgrave

Dagger˙permil permilOacutedivideIcirc

Dagger˙ permilOacutedivideIcirc

permilraquoDagger permilOacutedivideEgraveIacute

permilEgraveDagger permilOacutedivideEgraveIcircpermil

DaggerAacuteraquo permilOacutedivideIcircraquo

Dagger˙Igrave permilOacutedivideIcircIgrave

Dagger˙Ocirc permilOacutedivideIcircOcirc

permilIgrave)Ocirc( permilOacutedivideEgraveIcircraquo

Root Infinitive To understand lrsquohavinunderstanding havanah

hevaacutenu hevaacutenti

hevaacutentem hevaacutenta

hevaacutenten hevant

heviacutenu hevin

heviacutenah

Exercise 1

Form sentences by combining the verbs in column A with thephrases in column B (Include the pronoun)

Example

anakhnu hekhlaacutetnu larsquoleacutekhet harsquobaacuteytahWe decided to go home

Verbal nouns

In Hebrew verbal nouns are called descriptively

the name of the action shem harsquope-ulah

These very broadly follow patterns according to the group orlsquobuildingrsquo binyan from which they originate Since there areso many exceptions it is more useful to be able to recognize thepatterns than to use them as models to create words (though suchcreative thinking is always worth a try)

middotEgraveEgraveOcirc

divideIgrave permilUgraveUacuteraquoIumlpermil

DaggerAacuteraquo permilAacuteIumlEumlraquo IumlIumlIcirc permilmiddotEgravepermil

permilmiddotpermilIumlpermilmiddotEgraveOcircmiddot-Egrave-Ocirc

180

permilmiddotEgrave

permilmiddot

permilmiddot

permilmiddotEgraveOcirc


permilmiddotraquo

permilmiddotIgrave

permilmiddotOcirc

permilmiddotEgraveraquo

AB

permilAacuteIumlEumlraquoDagger˙ permilOacutepermilIuml

permilAacuteIumlEgraveUcircIumlIumlIcirc permilmiddotEgravepermil

permilmiddotEgraveraquomiddotbdquoEgraveraquo Oacutepermil dividemacrÊgraveEgrave

IumlDagger permilIcircEgravepermilmiddotdivideUacutepermil divideIumllaquodivide

permilEgravesbquoUacuteraquoDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave middotAacuteEgraveUgravepermil

permilUacutebdquoEgraveUgravepermilDagger˙ permilUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil dividepermilIgrave permil˙AacuteEgraveIumlraquo

permilOacutedivideEgraveIcircraquoIumlOgravelaquoUacute middotOacuteIcirclaquoEgrave divideIumlpermil

However as you will see being able to recognize a pattern willhelp you link words whose root you have come across in anotherword Suddenly your ability to guess meanings and understandcorrectly will increase at an exponential rate You will now havethe key to the detective work and eventual mastery over this newlanguage

In the dialogue above you have learnt that the word for dancingis You will therefore be able to guess that in the rightcontext is likely to mean a dancer especially since we saw in thelast unit that other G1 verbs like produce nouns describingan occupation ending with -an

Likewise knowing the word for driver you can guess ndash andyoursquod be right ndash that nehigah is the noun describing theaction namely driving

(We have included the verb in the third person masculine singularpast tense in the examples to help train your ear to relate verband noun vowel patterns more easily)

Here are some common patterns

1 Nouns derived from Group 1 pa-al verbs often follow thepatterns e-i-aha-i-ah

he sat a sitting meeting yashav yeshivah

he thought thinking khashav khashivah

he walked walking halakh halikhah

2 Nouns derived from Group 2 pi-el often follow the pattern i-u

he drew a drawing tsiyer tsiyur

he talked speech a talk diber dibur

UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

permilEgravesbquopermilpermilsbquo

macr--bdquo

macrbdquoOcircmacrEgraveraquobdquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

181

EgravedividemiddotEgravedivideEgravemiddotpermil

AacutedividemiddotAacutedivideEgravemiddotpermil

permilIumlIacutepermilIumlEgraveIcircpermil

ÊgraveEgraveEgraveraquo

bdquoEgravemiddotmacrbdquoEgravemiddotraquo

3 Nouns derived from Group 3 hifrsquoil often follow thepattern ha-a-ah

he ordered invited an order invitationhizmin hazmanah

he suggested a suggestionhitsiya hatsa-ah

Exercise 2

The following verbs in Group 2 pi-el lend themselves to thepattern shown above Try forming the verbal nouns yourself(Check your answers in the key)

Exercise 3

In Dialogue 1 you will find verbs that relate to the nouns belowWrite them down together with their root letters next to the nounthey are related to

You may not know to what group the verb belongs nor be surehow to pronounce it ndash (the key will help you) but you can guessthe root Your clue Look for the letters that appear in both thenoun and the verb

Example

domake doingmaking osim asiyah

Exercise 4

Try forming nouns from the following verbs (given in the pastthird person singular lsquohersquo)

EgravebdquoUacute permilAacuteIumlEgraveEuml middotEgravedivideIuml permil˙AacuteEgraveIuml permilbdquoIumlEgrave

IumlEgraveOacuteraquobdquo AacuteEcircpermil Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil middotEgraveIumlraquoEgrave

UacutelaquolozEgraveIgrave )Uacute-loz-permil( UacutelozEgraveEgravepermil



182

permilEcircOacuteEgraveOcircpermilEcircOacutepermil

permilÊgraveUacutepermilÛacutepermil

˙EgraveOcirc AacuteEgraveUgraveloz middotEgravedivide middotEgravemacr

Declension of the preposition lsquolikeasrsquo kmo

Peter asks and has its own particular way of declining

Exercise 5

Below are a list of activities Sort them out under the followingheadings

1 music musikah 2 sport

3 art omanut

New vocabulary

nation folk am (m)

to sing larsquoshir G1

to swim lirsquoskhot G1

to play (an instrument) lersquonagen G2

DaggerOacuteraquo

OgraveUgravelaquoEumlOacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermil

IcircOacutelaquoDaggerEgraveIacute DaggerdivideEgraveIgrave IcircOacutelaquoIcircIgrave OacutemiddotIumlEgraveIgravehellip UacuteEgravebdquolaquoAacuteEgraveEgravepermil

IcircOacutelaquo11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

183

IcircOacutelaquoEgraveIcircOacutelaquoIacuteIcircOacutelaquoIacuteIcircOacutelaquopermilraquoIcircOacutelaquopermilIcircOacutelaquoraquoIcircOacutelaquoIcircIgraveIcircOacutelaquopermilIgrave IcircOacutelaquoIcircOcircIcircOacutelaquopermilOcirc

UacuteIgrave

IumldivideEgrave )divide-Egrave-(

IumllozAacutelaquo )loz-Aacute-permil(

IumlsbquoOcirc )-sbquo-Ocirc(

IumllozAacute˜ Icircbdquoraquo macrsbquoIuml IumlÊgraveEgrave laquoUgraveEgraveIgrave IumldivideEgrave middotOacute˜permilIumlpermil

IumlmacrIcirclaquomiddot UacuteIuml OgraveraquoOgraveEgraveIgrave Iumlmacrlaquobdquo macrEgraveraquobdquoEgrave UacuteIgrave IumlUacutelozlaquo Ograve˜Egrave

IumllozAacutelaquo middotmiddotmacrEgraveIcircpermil Daggerlaquo middotEgraveIgrave IumlmacrIcirclaquomiddot UacuteIuml DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave IumldivideraquoEuml middotOgraveEgravepermil

IumlsbquoOcirc middotUgraveOgravemacr IumllozAacute˜ EumlEgraveOgrave Iumlmiddot˜macr middotsbquoIumlmacrEgravelaquo

kmohem(n) kmokhem(n) kamoacutenu kamoacuteha kamoacutehu kamokh kamoacutekha kamoacuteny

like them like you (pl) like us like her like him like you (f) like you (m) like me

lsquoTo bersquo or lsquonot to bersquo in the past

As you know lsquoto bersquo lirsquohyot is not used in thepresent tense But it is used very often in the past It conjugatesmuch like other verbs in Group 1 whose end root letter is

Examples

I wasnrsquot at home yesterday lo hayiacuteti barsquobaacuteyit etmol

I canrsquot find the tickets Irsquom sure they were in my walletani lo motseh et harsquokartisim ani batuacute-akh shersquohem hayubrsquoarnak sheli

I had haya li

The past tense of is used to form the past of the verb lsquotohaversquo Yesh and eyn are replaced by the third person ofthe verb lsquoto bersquo in the past

I had you had (not) (lit lsquothere was (not) to me yoursquo etc)(lo) haya li lekhahellip

The four forms of the third person (he she they (mf)) are usedsince the verb has to agree in number and gender with the subjectof the Hebrew sentence (not of the English sentence)

I had no opportunity (lit lsquono opportunity was there for mersquo)lo haytah li hizdamnut

They had many friends (lit lsquomany friends were to themrsquo) hayu lahem harbeh khaverim permilEgraveraquo IumlpermilIgrave permilmacrmiddotpermil AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave

IumlDagger permilEgraveEgravepermil IumlEgrave permilEcircbdquoOacuteraquo

)IumlDagger( permilEgravepermil IumlEgrave IumlIacutehellip

DaggerEgraveOcircEgravedividepermil-Egrave-permil

permilEgravepermil IumlEgrave

DaggerEgrave IumlDagger OacutelaquoDagger Dagger˙ permilIcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgraveIgrave DaggerEgrave middotEumlraquoAacute dividepermilIgrave permilEgraveraquo middotDaggermacr divideIumlEgrave

IumlDagger permilEgraveEgraveEgrave middotmiddotEgrave Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml

permil

IumlpermilEgravelaquo )permil-Egrave-permil(

184

permilEgraveEgraveEgravepermilEgraveEgrave permilEgraveEgravepermilEgravepermilpermilEgraveEgravepermilpermilEgraveEgraveraquopermilEgraveEgraveIgrave)Ocirc(permilEgraveraquo

hayu hayiacutetem(n) hayiacutenu haytah hayah hayit hayiacuteta hayiacuteti

as an auxiliary

is also used as an auxiliary to express the past tense of lsquoneedrsquo

I needed to speak to her hayiti tsarikh lrsquodaber itah

They needed quiet hem hayu tsrikhim sheacuteket

(You will also very often hear the alternative Group 4 form of ndash lrsquohitstarekh ndash see the language point below ndash which onlyexists in the past and future lsquoI had torsquo hitstarakhti )

Mukhrakh is another way of expressing obligation andworks very much like It has four forms

and is followed by the infinitive

He has to leave early hu mukhrakh larsquoleacutekhet mukdam

Like uses for the past tense

He had to leave early hu haya mukhrakh larsquoleacutekhet mukdam

Exercise 6Put the sentences below into the past tense Example

ani brsquonetaacutenyiah harsquokaacuteyits ndash hayiacuteti brsquonetanyah harsquokaacuteyits

I am in Netanya this summer ndash I was in Netanya this summer

DaggerEgrave middotEgravepermil permil˜EgraveEgraveı ndash permilEgraveEgraveEgrave middotEgravepermil permil˜Egraveı

permilraquoDagger permilEgravepermil OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute IumlIumlIcirc OacuteraquobdquoIgrave

permilEgravepermilOacuteraquoIcircmacrAacuteˆmacrEgraveIacute

permilraquoDagger OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute IumlIumlIcirc OacuteraquobdquoIgrave

OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacutepermil OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacutelaquoˆmacrEgraveIacute

OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute

permilÊumlmacrIcircEgraveIumlpermilÊumlmacrIacute

ˆmacrEgraveIacute

permilIgrave permilEgraveraquo macrEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave divide˜Euml

permilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIacuteIumlbdquomiddotmacr DaggerEgravepermil

ˆmacrEgraveIacutepermilEgravepermil

permilEgravepermil11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

185

1DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave divideOacutedivide

2permilIgrave IumlDagger middotmiddotEgrave IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave

3Egravedivide IumlIcircIgrave OacuteUgravepermil divideIuml permilUacuteEgrave

4permilraquoDagger lozAacuteÕcirc middot˙DaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc permilmiddotEgraveOacutepermil

5DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute Egravelaquomacr Oacute˜laquoIgrave

Exercise 7

Read and translate the following passage filling in the gaps withthe correct form of the verb the past tense

New vocabulary

band lahakah (f)

I feel like it yesh li kheacuteshek (m)

surprise hafta-ah (f)

chair kise (m) (kis-ot pl)

performance hofa-ah (f)

to be happy lirsquosmoacute-akh G1

worth shaveh (unchanging)

before previously mirsquokoacutedem

Exercise 8

Which is the odd one out and why

permilEgravepermil

186

Iumlpermil˜permil

Egravedivide IumlEgrave Aacutedivide˜

permilUgraveUacutepermil

IcircEgraveOgraveDagger )laquo(

permillaquoUgraveUacutepermil

IumllozOacutelaquoAacute )loz-Oacute-Aacute(

divideAcircAcircpermil

Oacute˜laquobdquoIgrave

permilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIacute IumlIumlIcirc UacuteIgrave EgraveEgrave permilAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlEgrave IumllaquoEuml divideIuml Iumlpermil˜˙

rdquoAacute˙ IumlAacuteırdquo IumlDagger __1___ middot˜laquoEuml divideIumlpermilIgrave Oacute˜laquobdquoIgrave DaggermiddotIuml EgraveEgrave

OacuteDaggerbdquo Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ Dagger˙ permilIumlpermil˜permil AcircIcircmiddotmacr _2____ permilmacrmiddotpermil UgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave middotUacuteÎgrave IumlDagger

_3____ IumlEgrave middotIcircIumlIuml Aacutedivide˜ IumlIumlIcirc middotAacuteraquoı __4___ Uacutemacrmiddot macr DaggermiddotIuml

__5___ OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute IumlbdquoUacute UacuteIuml Oacutepermil IcircraquoIumlIgrave OacutebdquomiddotmacrEgraveIgrave

permil˜laquoEuml __6___ bdquoAcircAcircDagger OacuteˆraquoEgraveEgraveOcirc IcircraquoIumlraquo dividemacrraquo EgraveAacutebdquo UacuteIgrave permilIumlpermil˜permil

Acirc˜bdquoraquo UacuteIuml permilIcircEgraveOgraveDaggerlaquo permilIcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgraveIgrave __7__ EgravemacrEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml permilpermillaquoUgraveUacutepermil

___8___ divideAcircAcircpermil IcircIuml Daggersbquolaquopermil permilEgravesbquoUacuteraquo permilmiddotEgravepermil OacuteDaggerbdquo OacuteDaggerraquoAacutemacr AcirclozOacuteAacuteraquo

divideIumlDagger __9__ macrEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave IumlraquoIgrave OacuteraquobdquoIgrave middotmiddotlaquomacr

1OacuteˆraquoEgraveEgraveOcirc DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc macrAacutelaquo

2middotEgraveIumlEgraveIgrave Iumlpermil˙AacuteEgraveIuml UacutelozEgraveEgrave permilsbquoUacuteraquo

3˜laquoEuml Iumlpermil˜permil dividemacrraquo EcircOacutelaquo˙

Exercise 9

Ask the questions to which these are the answers using thefollowing question words (remember to change the pronouns whereappropriate)

Example

I wanted to go to the cinema

Where did you want to go to

Dialogue 2

Peter and Maya have started their tour of the Galilee and are nowvisiting the mountain-top city of Safed (tsfat ) famous for itsCrusader fortress (mivtsar tsalbani ) ancient syna-gogues (batey knesset atikim ) nestling inwinding narrow streets and the thriving community of artists(omanim ) who have found their way to this inspiring placein more recent times

They climb the peak to soak in the atmosphere (avirah f )Whom do they meet and what has brought him to Safed

DaggerAcircAcircEgravepermil

DaggerOacuteEgraveIgrave

middot˙Egrave IcircOgrave˙ UacuteEgraveEgraveIgraveOacutemiddotˆmacr IumlmiddotEgraveÛgrave

IumlDaggerOcirc macrÊgrave IumlIumlIcirc

macrÊgraveEgrave IumlIumlIcirc IumllaquoIumllaquoUacute

Uacutebdquo Oacute˙Egrave IumlDaggerOcirc OacuteEgrave IcircOacutepermil Oacutepermil IumlOacutepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

187

4˘IumllaquoIgrave Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml IumlUgraveEgrave dividepermil OacuteAacutemacr

5OacutemiddotEgraveOcirc permilmiddotpermil permilmiddotIgrave permilIumlIcircIgrave

permilIcircEumlEgraveOgrave UacuteIumlpermil 52 Daggersbquolaquolaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo macrlaquoEgraveIgrave divideIumllaquoIgrave

IumlDagger permilEgravepermil IumlEgrave Aacutedivide˜ IumllozAacutelaquo middotEgraveIgrave IcircEgrave permilOacuteEgraveIgrave permilEgraveraquo macrEgraveIgrave

EgravelaquoOgraveEgrave Ogravesbquo Dagger˙ permilbdquoIuml

DaggerAacuteraquo permillaquoIumlIcirclaquo IumlmiddotraquoEumlEgrave permilAacutebdquodivide

permilmiddotmacrEgraveIcircpermil UgraveraquoAacutepermil Uacutebdquo OgravelaquoUcirc DaggerlaquosbquoraquoOgraveEuml

har meron Mount Meron one of the highest peaks inthe district Shimon Bar Yochai the second-century founder of theKabbalah Judaismrsquos mystical tradition is thought to have beenburied at its base in Meron

harsquokineret the Kinneret the Hebrew name for the Seaof Galilee

permilIcirc˙

permilmacr OacuteEgravelaquoOcirc

188

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDagger˙permil laquodividemiddot Ugrave

DaggerEgravedivideIcircOcirc DaggerEgrave DaggerAacutebdquo OacutepermilDaggerOacuteEgraveIgrave dividesbquoEgraveIgrave Ugravepermil Oacutepermil Dagger˙Igrave DaggerlaquoOacutemacrEgraveIgrave UacuteIuml

permillaquoUcirc OacuteUgravepermil DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlDaggerlaquo IumlDagger macr Dagger˙ permilmacr OacuteEgravelaquoOcirc DaggerIumlDagger

middotEgravelaquoIgrave middotpermilEgrave sbquoIgrave Dagger˙ permilIcirc˙ EumlEgraveEgraveIumlIgrave Icircmiddotmacr middotUacuteEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlDagger Uacutelaquobdquo IumlDagger EcircDagger˙ permilUgraveUacuteIgrave permilDaggerdividelaquopermil divideIumlEgrave middotÛgrave Oacutepermil IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave

Iumlraquo IumlDaggerlaquo

permilDaggerEgravedivideEgravedivide permilmacrmiddotpermil Oacutepermil IumlDaggerlaquo IumlÛgrave Egravedivide permilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgravepermil UacutedivideEgravepermil middotOacuteDaggerlaquo

permil 21 Acircpermil 31 middot˙˜raquoUgrave permilÎumlmiddotEgraveIgrave Ugrave permilEgravepermil Oacutemiddotˆmacr middotUacuteIuml

AacutedivideEgravemiddotraquo DaggerOgraveEumlEumlsbquoEgrave Egravelaquomacr OacuteDaggerraquoAacutemacr middot˙˜raquoUgrave permildivideIumlEumllaquoOcirc

permilEumlraquo˜Egrave middotOacuteDaggerpermil permil 61 permil˙Egravedividemiddotraquo middotÛgrave EgravepermilraquobdquoEgraveIgrave dividemiddotDaggerraquo

OacuteOgraveUgravemacrbdquo AcircpermilEgraveDagger permilUgraveIcircpermil IumlOacutemacrIcircEcirc macrmiddotraquoEgrave AcircraquoAacuteEgrave sbquobdquolaquoIuml Ugravepermil AacuteEgraveraquo

macrmiddotEgraveIgrave sbquobdquolaquoIumlEgraveIgrave AcircEgravebdquoraquoUacuteEgraveIgrave divideOacuteUacuteIgrave UacuteIuml macrmiddotEgrave EgraveAacute˜ IumlraquoEgraveDagger

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc AcircbdquoDaggerEgrave permil˜middotIumlEgraveOgraveEuml permilOacuteUgraveraquoOgraveIgrave

permilDaggerEgravedivideIcirclaquoOcirc IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave IumlIcircIgrave Iumlmiddot˜macr middotmiddotEgrave permilIcircOgrave˙ UacuteIuml divideIgrave IumlraquoEgraveDagger

divideOacuteˆDagger middotDaggerAacute˙ permilOgraveOacuteEumlDaggerlaquo middotUacuteEgrave permilUacuteEgravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDagger˙permil Oacute˙UacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc middot˜middotIumlpermil

permilDaggerEgravedivideIumlDagger middotbdquoEgraveraquo DaggermiddotIuml Oacutepermil dividepermilmiddotEgraveDagger DaggerlaquoEgrave IumlÛgrave Ecircpermil middotIcircIuml EcircDagger˙

permilDaggerAcircAcircEgravepermil permilOacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo AcircIcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc sbquoIgrave permil˜permilEgraveIumlpermil permilDaggerOacuteraquoEgrave

Vocabulary

period time tkufah (f)

Crusader tsalban (m)

(lit lsquoowner ofrsquo) importance (ba-al) khashivut (f)

strategic estrategi(-t f)

rule reign government shilton (m)

settled (lit lsquosat themselvesrsquo) hityashvu G4

a Jew(ess) yehudi(-ah f)

she turned into became hafkhah G1

cultural tarbuti(-t f)

spiritual rukhani(-t f)

(they) lived khayu G1

rabbi(s) rav (rabanim m pl)

well-known yadu-a (yedu-ah f)(-im-ot)

Kabbalist kabalist (m)

in the name of al shem

is situated (lit lsquois foundrsquo) nimtsa (nimtset f)

alley lane simtah (simta-ot f)

old ancient atik(-ahf)

to be interested in (lit mit-anien G4 lsquoto interest oneself inrsquo)

nevertheless brsquokhol zot

brought hevi G3

community kehilah (f)

artistic amanuti(-t f)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

189

˙˜raquoUgravepermil

ÎumlmiddotOcirc

)middotUacuteIuml( AacutedivideEgravemiddotraquo

DaggerOgraveEumlEumlsbquoEgrave)(

divideIumlEumllaquoOcirc

permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotraquo )Egrave-divide-middot(

EgravepermilraquobdquoEgrave)permil(

permilUgraveIcircpermil )permil-Ugrave-Iacute(

˙macrmiddotraquoEgrave

macrraquoAacuteEgrave

AacuteEgraveEgraveraquo )Aacute-Egrave-permil(

macrmiddot)EgraveIgrave(

EgravebdquoraquoUacuteEgraveIgrave

˜middotIumlEgraveOgraveEuml

UacuteIuml divideIgrave

OacuteˆDagger )OacuteˆDagger˙(

OgraveOacuteEumlpermil)Daggerlaquo(

UacuteEgrave)permil(

Oacute˙UacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc )Uacute--Egrave-Ocirc(

middotIcircIuml EcircDagger˙

permilmiddotEgraveDagger )middot-Acirc-Dagger(

˜permilEgraveIumlpermil

DaggerOacuteraquoEgrave)(

Cultural note

Safed is one of Israelrsquos four Jewish holy cities In its golden age inthe sixteenth century Jewish mystics who had fled Spain (sfarad

) settled in Safed where they were able to study and spreadthe teachings of the Zohar the classical text of the Kabbalah(kabalah ) It was here too that Joseph Caro also findingrefuge from Spain wrote his famous lsquoSpread Tablersquo the ShulkhanArukh which codified the Jewish laws and is still anauthoritative text for religious Jews around the world today

Exercise 10

Reread the dialogue and decide which of the three alternativescomplete the sentences correctly

1 Maya and Peter meet (a) a tourist (b) a rabbi (c) a residentof Safed

2 Safed was of particular strategic importance during (a) theTurkish rule (b) the Crusader period (c) in the nineteenthcentury

3 Luria was (a) an artist (b) a Crusader (c) a famous Kabbalist

4 Can you say what three things give Safed its special atmosphere

Exercise 11

Find the phrases in Dialogue 2 which mean

1 lsquoworth seeingrsquo

2 lsquoin the sixteenth centuryrsquo

3 lsquoat the time of the Turkish rulersquo

4 lsquoa cultural and spiritual centrersquo

Exercise 12

Highlight the adjectives in Dialogue 2 and write them in twocolumns separating feminine from masculine

Which of them is the opposite of˜EumlEgraveIgrave Icircpermilpermil DaggerAacutemacrlaquopermil OacutelaquobdquomacrEgrave IumlDagger EgravebdquoraquoUacuteEgraveIgrave

divideraquoIumlAacuteOcirc UacutemacrraquoIacute

˜middotIumlpermil

OgraveUgravemacrbdquo

190

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

191

Language point

Verb Group 4 hitpa-el

This group expresses a reflexive or reciprocal aspect of the verbrsquosaction It is easily recognizable by the prefix lsquohit-rsquo - attached tothe root letters

Letrsquos take the verb lsquoto settlersquo lrsquohityashev

The present tenseAs with Group 3 verbs to form the present of verbs youdrop the initial and replace with

mityashev mityasheacutevet mityashvim mityashvot

The past tenseIn the past Group 4 verbs retain the prefix lsquohitrsquo and add thepast tense endings

hityashaacutevnu hityashaacutevti

hityashaacutevtem hityashaacutevta

hityashaacutevten hityashavt

hityashvu hityashev

hityashvah

NB Roots of some action verbs you have already learnt in Groups1 and 2 ( and ) if conjugated in Group 4 form (as verbs) change their meaning to show a reflexive action

Take the Group 1 ( ) verb lsquoto wearrsquo lirsquolbosh When put into Group 4 form becomes lsquoto dress (oneself)rsquolrsquohitlabesh

Example

The child is wearing a new coat harsquoyeled lovesh me-il khadash permilEgraveIumlbdquo Iumllaquomiddotdivide OacuteUacuteEgraveIuml Aacutebdquodivide

Iumlpermil˙Iumlmiddotdividepermil˙UgraveUacuteIuml

IumlIumlmiddotlaquodivide )Iuml-middot-divide(UgraveUacuteIuml

permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlUgraveEgraveUacuteIumlUgraveUacuteIuml

permil˙-

Oacute˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot Oacute˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot˙ Oacute˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotEgraveIgrave Oacute˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotlaquo

Oacutepermilpermil˙UgraveUacuteIuml

Iumlpermil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot )Egrave-divide-middot(

permil˙

permil˙UgraveUacuteIuml

DaggerEgrave permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot˙Egrave

Dagger˙permil permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot˙

Dagger˙ permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot˙

permilraquoDagger permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot

permilEgraveDagger permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotpermil

DaggerAacuteraquo permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotraquo

Dagger˙Igrave permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot˙Igrave

Dagger˙Ocirc permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot˙Ocirc

permilIgrave)Ocirc( permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotraquo

He dressed quickly hu hitlabesh maher

The Group 2 ( ) verb lsquoto cookrsquo lersquovashelbecomes lsquoto cook itselfrsquo lrsquohitbashel

Example

My grandmother cooks extremely well When her food iscooking all the neighbours come to taste it

savtah sheli mevasheacutelet nehedar kshersquoharsquooacutekhel shelah mitbashelkol harsquoshkhenim ba-im lirsquot-om

NB Verbs in Group 4 whose root letters begin with the lsquowhistlingrsquoletters otiyot shorkot such as cause the

to cross over

to look at to watch lrsquohistakel bhellip

to get old lrsquohizdaken

to try hard lrsquohishtadel

to be sorry lrsquohitsta-er

Note how the becomes a which is much easier to pronouncewith and that the becomes after hence not

Practise pronouncing the following examples

hitsta-arah hishtadaacuteltem hizdakaacutenten histakaacuteltem histakaacutelti

Exercise 13

Fill in the correct form of the verb from the root given in brackets(The translation below will help you choose whether you need theGroup 1 or Group 4 form of the verb and which tenseyou should use)

permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlUgraveUacuteIuml

permilˆ˙UacutemacrpermilÊumlUacutemacrÊuml˙Ecirc

bdquo˙

˙Ecirc Ograve divideDaggerlaquoEgravelaquo dividelaquo˜laquo

Ogravemiddot˙Dagger divideIumlEgrave OacutemiddotdivideIuml permilbdquomacr IcircdividepermilDaggerlaquoIcircIuml divideIumlpermil Oacute˙middotdivideIuml IcircIuml permildivideIcircEgraveIgrave

middotDaggerEgraveIgrave IumlEumlUacutelaquoIgrave

Iumlpermil˙middotdivideIumlIumlmiddotdivideIuml )middot-divide-Iuml(UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml

permilraquoDagger permil˙Iumlmiddotdivide Oacutepermilmacr

192

IumlpermilOgrave˙IcircIuml )Ograve-Icirc-Iuml(

IumlpermilEcircbdquoOcirc )Ecirc--Ocirc(

Iumlpermildivide˙bdquoIuml )divide-bdquo-Iuml(

IumlpermilÊumlUacutemacr )-Uacute-(

permilOgrave˙IcircIumlEgravepermilOgrave˙IcircIumlIgravepermilEcircbdquoOcircpermildivide˙bdquoIumlIgravepermilÊumlUacutemacrpermil

Example

The radio was playing classical music The music playedthroughout the house harsquoradio nigen musikah klasitharsquomusikah hitnagnah brsquokhol harsquobayit

1 She is interested in astrology

2 I havenrsquot seen you for many years When did we last see eachother You havenrsquot aged

3 They lived abroad for many years In the end they came backto Israel and settled in Be-er-Sheva

4 Irsquom very sorry I wasnrsquot at home when you came to visit

5 Irsquom really trying to learn Hebrew

Reading comprehension

Peterrsquos letter home

Here is Peterrsquos letter to Caroline and Adam describing his trip sofar Apart from the kibbutz and Safed he has visited the Druzevillage Daliat-El Karmel and various sites on the coasts of the Seaof Galilee

Can you say why the Israelis are worried about the Sea of Galileeand where Peter would like to visit with his family next time

permilOacuteIcircmiddot divideIuml UgraveEgraveEumlmacr permilmiddotEgravepermil

permilmacrbdquoEgravelaquo EgravesbquoOcirc OacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermil IumlDaggerOgraveEgrave permilOacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermil permil˙sbquopermil middotIcircIuml permilmiddotEgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

193

1permilEgraveDagger )Uacute--Egrave-Ocirc( middotDaggerOgraveEumlmacrlaquoIumllaquosbquoEgravepermil

2IumlDagger )-Dagger-permil( DaggerlaquoIacute permilmacrmiddotpermil divideEgraveIgrave Oacute˙Egrave )-Dagger-permil( middotUgraveUacuteIgrave

permilDaggerAacutemacrlaquopermil middotIcircIumlIuml IumlDagger )Dagger˙ Ecirc--Ocirc(

3permilIgrave )sbquo-raquo-( permilmacrmiddotpermil divideEgraveIgrave middotAacuteAcircrdquoIuml middotOgravelaquoUcirc permilIgrave )Aacute-Ecirc-( IumlDaggermacrı

Acirc)Egrave-divide-middot( middotmiddotDaggermacr dividemiddotUacute

4DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo )-Uacute-( divideIumlDagger permilEgraveEgraveEgrave middotmiddotEgrave Icircdivide )Dagger˙permil middot-laquo-Dagger( Iumlmiddot˜macr

5DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo )divide-bdquo-Iuml( IumlIumlOacutelaquobdquo UacutemiddotmacrEgrave

194

˜macrlaquoIumlEgraveOcirc AcircDaggerbdquoIgrave permilEgravemacrEgraveIgrave

AacuteEcirc˙Egrave permilUacutemacrmiddot OacutemiddotEgraveraquo permilbdquomacr divideIuml DaggermacrmiddotUacutepermil EgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave middotsbquoIumlEgraveIuml OgraveUacuteEgrave

IumlAacuteEgraveUgravepermil UacuteEgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo EgraveUgravepermil UacuteIuml AacutelaquoUcirc permilEgraveIgrave AcircOacutedivideIgrave IumlEgravemiddotraquoı divideIuml permilpermillaquoEgraveIgrave

divideIuml OacuteDaggerEgravepermil DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permildividemiddot˙ permil˙AacuteIumlraquo Dagger˙ permilEumlEgraveraquoIuml middotmiddotEgraveraquo OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc

middotIcircUgravemacr permilbdquomacrraquoEcircEgrave lsquobdquoIumlEgrave DaggerIuml-IcircOacuteIumlrsquomiddotbdquomacrIacute IumlÛgrave bdquoEgravemiddotmacrraquo UacuteIgrave IcircOacutepermil

bdquomacrraquoEcircEgraveIgrave dividepermilOgravemiddotEgraveraquo Iumlraquo ˆ˙ UacuteIuml permil˜permilEgraveIumlpermil permilOacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo divideIumlpermilIgrave permilIgrave

DaggerEcircAacuteEgraveIgrave EgravelozDaggerIumlEgraveIgrave IumlIcircIuml bdquomiddotmacr AcircAacuteEgraveEgravemiddotEgraveIgrave middotdivideEgraveraquo middotDaggerEgrave IcircOacutelaquo IcircraquoIumlIgrave

OacutedivideIgrave OgraveUacuteraquo IumlÛgrave UacuteEgrave DaggerOacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo EgraveraquoEgrave AcircEgraveEgrave divideIgrave Oacute˙laquo

IumlIcircraquoIumlIcircIgrave DaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute permilOacutedivideIcircraquo IumlAacutelaquoUcirc permilÛgravelaquoEgrave divideIuml EgraveIgrave Icirc˙ AcircmiddotEgravemacrraquo middot ndash

muanrepaC )middotUacutemiddotmacrEgrave ndash IcircUgravemacr AacuteraquoIgrave( divideIgrave DaggerEgraveraquo Dagger˙ permillozmacrEgravebdquoEgraveIgrave divideIuml

middotEgrave permilIcircOgrave˙ permilmiddotEgraveEcircEumlEgrave OacutepermilOacuteDaggerpermil permilmacrmiddotEgraveUacuteEgrave dividemiddotlaquo permilEumlEgraveUcirc Egravedivideraquo

DaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute permilOacutedivideIcircraquo bdquomacrlaquoOacutepermil IumlAacuteOacute˙ sbquobdquomacr Acircpermil˙macrAacuteˆraquo middotOacuteUacuteEgraveEgravelaquo

permilAacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave

permilEgravelozDaggerIumlEgraveIgrave bdquolaquoDaggersbquoEgraveIgrave OacuteUgraveIumlOgrave permilOacuteEgraveIgrave middotIcirc˙ Egravelaquobdquo IcircIuml dividepermil permilmiddotUacuteEgraveEgravepermil

IcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc permilEgraveDagger dividemiddotEgravelozDaggerIuml IumlDagger Egravelaquobdquo OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave sbquodivideIgrave middotbdquomacrIacute AacuteEcircpermil permilmiddotEgravepermil

middotEgravemacrEgrave sbquoIgrave middotmacr Ugravesbquodivideraquo laquomacrEgraveIgrave divideraquo Iumlraquo IumlpermilEgraveIcircOgrave IumlIcircOgraveEgraveEgrave

permilmiddotlozlaquopermil IumlOacutemacrlaquo divideIcircmiddotmacr permilEgravepermil Ogravesbquoraquo IumlpermilUgraveOgrave˜˙ permilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

Egravedivide Uacutelaquobdquo permilmacrmiddotpermil Oacutepermil IumlDaggerlaquo DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo OacuteÃcircAcircpermil IumlAacuteEcirclaquo EgravelaquoIgrave DaggerAacutebdquo

DaggerEgraveIcircIgrave AcircIumlUacutelozlaquo EumlEgraveraquoIuml Egravelaquomacr DaggermacrlaquoIacute AcircDaggerEcirc Iumlmiddot˜macr sbquoIgrave middotEumlmiddotmacrEgravepermil

bdquomacrEgravedivide˙ divideIumllaquoIgrave IumlIcircraquoIumlIgrave

divideEgravelaquo UgraveEgraveEumlmacr

yeshu = Jesus khamat gader on the Kinneretrsquos southern shores hashot sulphur springs and is close to a crocodile farm natseacuteret = Nazareth knesiat harsquobsorah = Basilica of the Annunciation tveriyah = Tiberias

Vocabulary

dear yakar(-ah f) coast khof (m) village kfar (m) Druze druzi(-t f) a few several kamah they explained hisbiacuteru G3citizen ezrakh(-it f)(to be) obliged khayav (khayevet f)military tsva-i(-t f)picturesque tsiyuri(-t f)northern tsfoni(-t f)ruin remains sarid (sridim m pl)Byzantine bizanti(-t f)southwards daroacutemahin which shersquobo he preached hetif G3we washed bathed hitrakhaacutetsnu G4(water) spring ma-ayan (m)

ma-ayanot (pl) they worry do-agim G1water level miflas mayimrain (falls goes down) (yored) geshem (m)gave allowed natnu G1 (irr)to go in enter lrsquohikaneschurch knesiyah (f)even though lamrot shersquohellipbreak interval hafsakah (f)hope(s) mekaveh G2

EumlmiddotmacrEgravepermil

macr

AacuteOacute˙ sbquobdquomacrEgravedivideraquo1111

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

195

Egravemacr)permil(

AacutelaquoUcirc

IcircUgravemacr

bdquomacrraquoEcircEgrave)(

IcircOacutepermil

permilOgravemiddotEgraveraquo )Ograve-middot-(

DaggerEcircAacute)Egrave(

AacuteEgraveEgravemiddot)(

ˆmiddotDaggerEgrave)(

ÊgraveraquoEgrave)(

ÛgravelaquoEgrave

lozmacrEgravebdquo

middotEgraveEcircEumlEgrave)(

bdquomacrlaquoOacutepermil

divideradiclaquo

permilEumlEgraveUcirc )-Euml-Ucirc(

permil˙macrAacuteˆraquo )-Aacute-ı(

OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc )OacuteUacuteEgraveEgravelaquo(

bdquolaquoDaggersbquoEgraveIgrave )bdquo-Dagger-sbquo(

OacuteUgraveIumlOgrave OacuteEgraveIgrave

)Egravelaquobdquo( sbquodivideIgrave

raquo )--Ocirc(

IumlpermilEgraveIcircOgrave

IcircOgraveEgraveEgravepermil

IumlOacutemacrlaquo dividehellip

permilUgraveOgrave˜permil

OacuteÃcircAcircpermil )-Acirc-permil(

greetings regards drishat shalomkiss neshikah (f) For the points of the compass see the map below

Cultural noteThere are around 90000 Israeli Druze who live in a number ofvillages in the Carmel and in the Galilee While playing a full partin the life of the country the Druze maintain their own identityand traditional patriarchal way of life They speak Arabic but donot consider themselves Arabs their religion is an eleventh-centuryoffshoot of Islam but they are not Muslims One of the basic prin-ciples of their religion is to have respect for all religions as differentmanifestations of Godrsquos single truth Their religious courts havelegal status and perform marriages and other civil functions fortheir community

196

bdquomacrEgravedivide˙ divideIumllaquoIgrave

divideEgravepermil

Exercise 14

Look at the map of northern Israel on p 196 See if you can followPeter and Mayarsquos route from their starting point in the kibbutzThe information is described in Peterrsquos letter above

Language point

Use of conjunctions

Conjunctions join statements together to make single sentencesConjunctions such as lsquoandrsquo and lsquobutrsquo combine two inde-pendent statements while others such as lsquowhenrsquo orlsquobecausersquo introduce dependent statements or clauses indicatingthe way in which one thought relates to another

He sings solo Everyone laughs

When he sings solo everyone laughs

We have already learnt a number of conjunctions and you will belearning more as you begin to express more complicated ideasLetrsquos revise those we have come across so far

Exercise 15

Join the two statements together with the appropriate conjuntionfrom the list below (Remember that shersquo lsquothatrsquo always attachesitself to the word it precedes)

although lamrot shersquohellip

because mipney shersquohellipki

Example

She bought me a present even though she hasnrsquot much money

divide

IcircDaggerdividemacrpermilraquoDagger dividemacr OgravelaquoIumllaquo IcircraquoIumlIgrave laquoAacute˜EgraveIgrave

permilraquoDagger dividemacr OgravelaquoIumllaquo IcircraquoIumlIgrave laquoAacute˜EgraveIgrave

IcircEgraveIcircDaggerdividemacrIcircdivide

DaggermiddotIumlAcirc

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

197


OacuteUgraveEgrave dividehellipIcircEgrave

permilEgraveDagger permil IumlEgrave Oacute˙permil DaggerEgraveOcirc Iumlpermil permilmacrmiddotpermil IcircOgraveUcirc

permilEgraveDagger permil IumlEgrave Oacute˙permil IumlOacutemacrlaquodivideDaggerEgraveOcirc Iumlpermil permilmacrmiddotpermil IcircOgraveUcirc

Use the following conjunctions for numbers 6 7 and 8

198

1DaggerEgrave IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlOgravelaquoUacute UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave bdquoIuml

2Ecircpermil IumlDagger EgraveUgravepermil Iumlmiddot˜divide Oacute˙laquo DaggerlaquopermilmiddotEgraveIgrave IumlmiddotIuml DaggerlaquoOcirc

3IumlDagger EgraveEgrave Dagger˙ permilAacuteraquoIumlˆpermil middotOgravelaquoUcirc permilEgraveDagger IumlDagger OacuteˆDaggerpermil AacuteOcirc middotUacuteEgraveEgrave

4permilOacuteIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave permilDaggerIumlpermil IumlDaggerDagger˙ Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave OacuteraquoIcircpermil

Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave IumlIacute

5permilEgraveDagger IumlDagger divideOacutepermilpermilEgraveDagger macrlaquobdquo macrEgraveraquobdquoEgrave-UacuteIgrave

UgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave middotdividemiddotraquoUacute

IumlUgraveEgrave dividehellip

DaggerAacutemacrEgrave dividehellip

IcircDaggerdividemacrIcircdividehellip

6UgraveEgraveEumlmacr AcircOacuteDaggerEgravepermil OgraveUacuteraquo IumlIcircUgravemacr AacuteraquoIgravepermilIgrave lozAacuteraquo middotIcirc˙

7permilOacutedivideIcircraquo middotEumlEgraveraquoIumlpermilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave permilsbquoEgraveUacute

8UacuteEgravebdquolaquo OgraveUacute IumlEumlEgraveraquoIumlpermilraquoDagger sbquoOacutemacr Dagger˙ permildividemacrraquo permilˆmiddotDaggerEgrave

before lifney shersquohellip

after akharey shersquohellip

when ka-asherkshersquohellip

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

11Driving down tothe Dead Sea


bull how things lsquohappenrsquo

bull about the future tense zman atid

ndash how to form it and how to use it

bull the future of lsquoto bersquo

bull something about the weather and driving in Israel

Dialogue 1

A few days later Peter and Maya are on the road again this time to the south to the Dead Sea (in Hebrew lsquoThe Salt Searsquo ndash yamharsquomeacutelakh )

What does Peter want to send home and is the trip a smooth one EgraveIgrave permilOacuteIumlAacute

permil-Egrave-permil

EcircOacuteOcirc UacuteEgravebdquo)--permil(


UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacute˙Egrave sbquoEgraveUacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIumlUgraveEgrave permil˙raquoUacutepermil DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ dividesbquoEgraveUacute IumlUgraveEgrave permilˆpermilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacuteDaggerbdquo AacuteIgrave permilEgravelaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave OacuteOacutedivide IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlAacuteIcirclaquo Uacutebdquo dividemacrAacuteı middotEgraveIgrave

permilOacuteIumlAacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermildivideIcircAacute˙ dividemiddotEgraveIgrave permilOacuteIumlAacute DaggerEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacr OacuteOacutedivide IumllozAacutelaquo Ecircpermil IumlDagger UacuteEgraveIgrave

IcircdivideOacuteIumlAacute IcircOgrave IumlUacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave Aacuteraquoı OacuteEcircpermil middotsbquoIumlIuml permilOacuteEgraveIumlEgraveIgrave dividemiddotOacuteEgraveIgrave

Ecircpermil ˆ˙ IcircOacutelaquo Iumlpermil˙macrAacuteı middotdivideOacuteOcirc OacuteIumlraquoAacutehellip

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave middotEumlraquoAacute divideEcircDagger˙ AacuteAcircAcircEgravepermil DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil Oacuteraquopermil IcircdivideDaggerEgrave Ucirc AcirclaquoDagger

UacuteEgravelaquoOcirc middotOacuteEgraveIgrave DaggerAacutemacr IumlDagger EgraveDaggerOacuteEgraveraquo IumlEgrave middotmiddotEgrave

Vocabulary

traffic tnu-ah (f)

we will arrive nagiy-a G3

to wait lersquokhakot G2

enters nikhnas

eye(s) ayin (enaacuteyim fpl)

oil sheacutemen (m)

salty salted malu-akh (melukhah f)

experience khavayah (f)

picture tmunah (f)

float tsaf G1

read(s) kore G1

otherwise akheacuteret

they will believe ya-amiacutenu G3you(m) will believe ta-amin

promise(s) mavtikhah G3

I will photograph atsalem G2

happened karah G1

you(f) stopped atsart G1

200

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgrave OacutemiddotEumlEgraveAacutepermil divideDaggerÎumlIgrave DaggerlaquoIacute DaggerlaquoEgrave AcircDaggermiddotlaquoEgrave

Egravedivide Iumlraquo middotUacuteEgraveEgravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacutepermil macrpermil IumlOacutepermil Uacuteˆmacr

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ dividesbquoIgrave IumlmacrIcircmiddot Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave AacuteIgrave DaggerEgrave OacuteÊgraveUacutepermil divideIumlDagger

OacutedivideEgraveIacute IumlUgraveEgrave dividemiddot˜divide UacuteEcircpermil DaggerEgrave DaggerÊumlmacrIacute IumlEumlIumlUgraveOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEumllaquomiddot divideEgravedivide Iumlraquo EumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc EgraveEgravebdquo DaggerEgrave Oacute˙ Iumldivide˙laquo DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilOacuteEgraveIgrave

dividepermilmiddotDaggerraquo

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIumlDagger DaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoIgrave permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc Oacute˜raquoIumlIuml

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveOcirc Iumlraquo OacuteEcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave Oacutepermil permildivideUacutepermil DaggerraquoIumlEgrave middotIcircIuml EcircDagger˙ OacutedivideEgraveIacute

DaggerAacuteraquo IcircOacuteUacuteEuml divideIgrave

(after a break)

(Peter starts looking for the water on the back seat)

˙raquoUacutepermil

sbquoEgraveUacute )-sbquo-Uacute(

IumlAacuteIcirclaquo )Aacute-Icirc-permil(

IcircOgrave

UacuteEgraveOcirc)UacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave(

divideOacuteOcirc

OacuteIumlraquoAacute)permil(

AacuteAcircAcircEgravepermil

˙Oacuteraquopermil

Ûcirc )-raquo-Ucirc(

˜laquoDagger )--Dagger(

DaggerAacutemacr

EgraveDaggerOacuteEgraveraquo )Dagger-Oacute-Ocirc(˙DaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc

OacutemiddotEumlEgraveAacutepermil )middot-Euml-Aacute(

DaggerÎumlIgrave )-Iuml-Igrave(

˜macrpermil )--permil(

Uacuteˆmacr )Uacute--(

we will letrsquos continue namshikh G3

we will ask request nevakesh G2

help ezrah (f)

I will have to need etstarekh G4

is dying dead met(-ah) (irregular)

we brought heveacutenu G3

broken mekulkal (mekulkeacutelet f)

Language points

lsquoTo happenrsquo

This verb is only used in the third person masculine and feminine

(it) happens (zeh) koreh

it happened (zeh) karah

it will happen (zeh) yikreh

Note the gender sensitivity

This problem happens every morning it happened last yearand it will happen again next year

harsquobe-ayah harsquozot koret kol boacuteker kartah brsquoshanah shrsquoavrahvrsquotikreh shuv gam barsquoshanah harsquoba-ah

And agreement with number

These things happenhappened to himharsquodvarim harsquoeacuteleh korimkaru lo

The future tense zman atid

The future tense is formed by adding prefixes and suffixes to theroot of the verb These are common to all verb groups so once

EcircOacuteOcirc UacuteEgravebdquo

permilbdquomiddotmacrEgraveIgrave permilDaggerIumlpermil laquoEgraveIgravemacrraquo Iumllaquo

)Ecircpermil( Egravemacrpermil

)Ecircpermil( macrpermil

)Ecircpermil( laquopermil

˜--permil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

201

OacutedivideEgraveIacute )Oacute-divide-Iacute(

middot˜divide )middot--divide(

UacuteEcircpermil

DaggerÊumlmacrIacute

Oacute˙)permil(

permilmiddotDaggerraquo )middot-laquo-Dagger(

Oacute˜raquoIumlIuml)(

permilmiddotUacuteEgravepermil permilEcircDagger˙ laquoEgrave IcircIuml middotlaquomacr macrpermil middotdividepermil divideUacutemiddotmacrpermil Acirc˜macrpermil divideraquomiddotsbquoIgrave middotdividepermil permilmiddotDaggerpermil

they become familiar you will immediately recognize a verb in thefuture

Here are the key prefix and suffix letters Notice how they relateto the personal pronouns (strangely in the future always hasthe same form as )

NB It is not always necessary to use the personal pronouns withthe future tense Israelis sometimes include them and sometimesleave them out However you would use to avoid confusionwith and you will hear pronounsused for emphasis or clarity

Exercise 1

Go back to Dialogue 1 and see if you can identify all the verbs inthe future Then write them down together with the relatedpronoun (There are ten instances altogether two of which appeartwice)

The first is

A note on translating the future

You may have noticed that the future tense in Hebrew is not alwaystranslated with a future tense in English The two languages usethe tenses slightly differently The question you need to ask inorder to determine which tense to use in Hebrew is as follows isthe speaker talking of an action which (a) has been performed (b)is currently being performed or (c) will be performed If theanswer is (a) you use the past (b) the present and (c) the future

)DaggerAacuteraquo( sbquoEgraveUacute

Dagger˙permilpermilEgraveDagger


202

Daggerhellip

hellip

hellipEgrave

Egravehellip

hellip

hellip

hellipraquo

Egravehellipraquo

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo

Dagger˙Igrave)Ocirc(

permilIgrave)Ocirc(

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

203

Below are some exercises which should help bring this into focusbut first letrsquos have a closer look at how the various verb groupsyou have learnt form the future

Future of Group 4 hitpa-el

(in the text )The drops and the prefixes and suffixes are added with the samevowel pattern as the present (and infinitive)

To wash oneself bathe lrsquohitrakhets

nitrakets etrakhets

titrakhatsu titrakhtsi titrakhets

yitrakhatsu titrakhets yitrakhets

Future of Group 3 hif-il

(in the text )Drop the of the infinitive (or the of the present tense) andadd the future prefixes and suffixes

amshikh a-gia a-amin

(Once you know how to start in the first person you can continuequite easily)

To continue lrsquohamshikh

namshikh amshikh

tamshiacutekhu tamshikhi tamshikh

yamshiacutekhu tamshikh yamshikh

Future of Group 2 pi-el

(in the text )As with Group 3 drop the of the infinitive (or the of thepresent tense) and add the future prefixes and suffixes

atsalem avakesh Iumlmiddot˜divide ndash Daggermiddot˜divideIumlÎumlIgrave ndashDaggerÎumlIgrave

OacuteIumlDaggerÎumlIgrave middot˜divide


IumlpermilOacutedivideEgraveIacute )Oacute-divide-Iacute(

IumlpermilDaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc ndash DaggerDaggerOacuteEgraveOcircIumlpermilsbquoEgraveUacute ndash DaggersbquoEgraveUacuteIumlpermilOacutedivideEgraveIacute ndash DaggerOacutedivideEgraveIacute

OacuteIumlpermilEgravesbquoEgraveUacute OacutedivideEgraveIacute DaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc

permilEgraveUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml

Iumlpermil˙macrAacuteı)-Aacute-ı(

permilmacrAacuteı EumlmacrIacute


DaggerEgrave Dagger˙macrAacuteı

Dagger˙permil ˙macrAacuteı

permilraquoDagger EgravemacrAacuteı

DaggerAacuteraquo macrAacuteı

Dagger˙IgraveOcirc ˙macrAacuteˆraquo

permilIgraveOcirc EgravemacrAacuteˆraquo

Dagger˙ ˙macrAacuteÊgrave

permilEgraveDagger ˙macrAacuteı

DaggerAacuteraquo OacutedivideEgraveIacute

Dagger˙IgraveOcirc OacutedivideEgraveIcircraquo

permilIgraveOcirc EgraveOacutedivideEgraveIcircraquo

Dagger˙ OacutedivideEgraveIcircEgrave

permilEgraveDagger OacutedivideEgraveIacute

DaggerEgrave DaggerOacutedivideEgraveIacute

Dagger˙permil OacutedivideEgraveIacute

permilraquoDagger EgraveOacutedivideEgraveIacute

204

To request ask lersquovakesh

nevakesh avakesh

tevakshu tevakshi tevakesh

yevakshu tevakesh yevakesh

NB In colloquial Hebrew the feminine have the sameforms as their masculine counterparts in formal and BiblicalHebrew you will find the following forms for both you and they(fem pl)

atenhen titrakheacutetsnahatenhen tag-aacutenahatenhen tevakeacuteshnah

Exercise 2

Complete the table

Exercise 3

How would you say the following (use the prompts in brackets tohelp you)

Example

I hope that he will recognize us

ani mekaveh shrsquohu yakir otanu

1 She hopes that he will wait for her

2 We hope that they will get there before us

3 She will surely not believe you (msing)

4 I will not ask but they will probably offersuggest help

DaggerEgrave OacuteÃcircAcircpermil dividepermilraquoDagger EgraveIcircEgrave Daggerlaquoraquo

)DaggerEgrave OacuteÃcircAcircpermil divide)Egrave-Icirc-( Daggerlaquoraquo(

Dagger˙OcircpermilOcirc

Iumlmiddot˜ )middot--divide(

DaggerAacuteraquo middot˜divide

Dagger˙IgraveOcirc middot˜divideraquo

permilIgraveOcirc Egravemiddot˜divideraquo

Dagger˙ middot˜divideEgrave

permilEgraveDagger middot˜divide

DaggerEgrave Daggermiddot˜divide

Dagger˙permil middot˜divide

permilraquoDagger Egravemiddot˜divide

Dagger˙OcircpermilOcirc ˙macrAacuteˆpermil

Dagger˙OcircpermilOcirc sbquoUacutepermil

Dagger˙OcircpermilOcirc middot˜dividepermil

DaggerEgraveDagger˙permilDagger˙permilraquoDaggerpermilEgraveDaggerDaggerAacuteraquoDagger˙IgraveOcircpermilIgravepermilOcirc

IumlpermilmiddotEgraveDaggermiddot-laquo-DaggerDaggermiddotEgraveDaggerEgravemiddotEgraveDagger˙middotEgraveDaggerraquo

IumlmiddotIuml˜-middot-Iuml˙˜middotIumlEgravemiddotIumlraquo

IumlÕcirc˙--Ocirc˙˙˜Egrave˙˙˜raquo

Iumlpermil˙IumlmiddotdivideIuml-middot-divideDagger˙IumlmiddotdivideEgraveIumlmiddotdivide

IumlpermilÊumlmacrIacuteˆ--Iacute˙ÊumlmacrIacute˙˙ÊumlmacrIcircraquo

)permilEgraveDagger OacuteÃcircAcircpermil divideAacute-Icirc-permil(

)DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteÃcircAcircEgraveIgrave divide)-sbquo-Uacute((

)Dagger-Oacute-Ocirc(

)middot--divide Egrave--Uacute(

Dialogue 2

A few kilometres later in the middle of nowhere the car comes toa complete standstill What is wrong with it and how do Peter andMaya solve their problem

(Peter runs over to the Bedouin while Maya watches his excitedwaving of hands from the car Eventually Peter returns with afriendly looking man ndash and the mobile phone)

(Maya explains the situation to Moshe)

(After waiting Peter opens bonnet)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

205

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEcirc Oacutepermil UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr˙sbquoEgravebdquoEgrave rdquoDaggerOacutemacrEgrave IumlIacuterdquo AcircDaggerEgrave DaggermacrsbquoEgravedivide DaggerdivideIgrave

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEcircpermil middotOgravebdquomacr sbquoIgrave DaggerEgrave DaggerdivideOacutepermil DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Ograve˙IcircIuml middotOacutelaquoUacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave IumlDagger OacutemiddotEgraveOcirc bdquomiddotmacr middotOacuteIcirclaquoEgravelaquo permilEgrave DaggerEgrave Igrave UacuteIuml Egravebdquo

permilIcircmiddotlozEgraveIgrave UacutelaquoOacutebdquo macrlaquoUacutepermil middotbdquoraquoDaggerEgrave AcircndashDaggerEgraveEcircpermil Ograve ndashOacutebdquomiddotmacr middotUgraveIumlUgravelaquoOcirc

EgraveEgravebdquo DaggerraquoIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger EgraveUacuteEcirclaquo Iumlraquo

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc macrraquoı Oacutepermilmacr IumlUgraveEgrave dividepermilraquoDagger middotlaquoAacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrpermilpermil ÎumlÎumlEgrave IumlOacuteEgravedividepermilraquo Iumlmiddot˜divideUacuteEcircpermil

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilpermilIcircEgrave Eumllaquomiddot divideDagger˙˜dividemacr IumlOacutedividepermil middotOacuteraquoOgraveIacute AcircdivideOacuteUacute Oacutepermil permilraquoDagger EgraveEgraveUacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermil˙˜divideEgravemiddot permilraquoDagger EgravesbquoEgravebdquo Iumlraquo middotbdquoEgraveraquo Oacutepermil IumlUacutelozlaquo Daggerlaquo EgraveEgrave DaggerIuml

˙UgraveAacute Dagger˙ OacuteIcircOgravepermil permilOacutelaquoUacute AacuteIcircpermil Uacutebdquo dividepermilmacrIcircmiddot Egrave˜macrmacr ˆ˙

AcircDaggerEcirc middotbdquolaquo DaggerIgrave Egravedivide OacuteEgraveIgrave middotmacrbdquoEgraveDaggerEumllaquo

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveUgravepermil middotbdquoEgraveraquo permilmacrbdquoEgraveDaggerEumllaquo

middotbdquoraquoDaggerEgrave˙EgraveIcircUcirc DaggerEgrave DaggerDaggerpermil IumlIacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilEgravelaquoUgraveEgrave laquobdquopermil permilIumllaquo Oacutedividepermil OacuteˆDaggerraquo Dagger˙ permilmacrbdquoEgraveDaggerEumllaquo Ecircpermil permilOacuteEgraveIcircIuml

UacuteIgrave permilOacuteIcircOgravepermil IcirclaquoOcirc Ecircpermil macrEgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr OacuteIumlDagger Dagger˙ Ecircpermil middotmiddot˜dividepermil

middotOacuteEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml middotEcircpermilEgraveraquo IcircEgrave Ecircpermil AacuteIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveEcircpermil OacuteEcircIuml dividepermilmiddotDagger˙Egrave middot˜middotraquo OacuteEgraveIgrave sbquobdquolaquoIuml Ecircpermilraquo permilmacrbdquoEgraveDaggerEumllaquo

OacuteIumlDagger AcircIumlOacutebdquoEgrave Oacutedividepermilraquo Aacutebdquodivide

Vocabulary

you (f) will say tell tagidi G3he will say tell yagid

guilty ashem(-ah f)

engine mano-a (m)

(you (f)) look tir-i G1

stand(s) omed G1

sheep keacuteves (m)

a Bedouin shepherd ro-eh bedu-i (m)

miracle nes (m)

he will help ya-azor G1

you(msing) will run taruts G1

run(s) away boreacute-akh G1

someone miacuteshehu

I will get in touch etkasher G4

(you msing) listen takshiv G3

(donrsquot) open (you msing) (al) tiftakh G1

cover mikhseh (m)

(he it) will cool down yitkarer G4

(you msing) will check tivdok G1 examine

just a moment immediately teacutekhev

container tank meykhal (m)

empty reyk(-ah f)

(you msing) will fill temale G2

with care carefully birsquozhirut

206

˙sbquoEgravebdquoEgrave )Egrave-sbquo-bdquo(EgravesbquoEgravebdquo

DaggerdivideIgrave)permil(

OacutelaquoUacute

˙DaggerEgrave )-Dagger-permil(

UacutelaquoOacutebdquo )Uacute-Oacute-bdquo(

Icircmiddotloz

macrlaquoUacutepermil middotbdquoraquo∆DaggerEgrave

Ograve

EgraveUacuteEcirclaquo )Uacute-Ecirc-(

˙macrraquoı )-raquo-ı(

middotlaquoAacute )middot--Aacute(

OacuteEgravedividepermilraquo

Dagger˙˜dividemacr

˙˜divideEgravemiddot )-divide-middot(

)DaggerIuml( UgraveAacute )Ugrave--Aacute(

OacuteIcircOgravepermil

Egrave˜macrmacr

˙middotbdquolaquo )middot-bdquo-(

˙IcircUcirc

OacuteEgraveIcircIuml

macrEgrave)permil(

˙OacuteIumlDagger )Oacute-Iuml-Dagger(

middotEcircpermilEgraveraquo

Language points

Future of Group 1

Unusually the future tense of Group 1 is less straightforward thanthe other groups While the root additions are regular the vowelpatterns can vary and we recommend checking the verb glossaryat the back of the book when using new verbs

In the tables below are common patterns for the future tense ofGroup 1 verbs the most common being ef-ol and ef-al

The ef-ol pattern

To check examine lirsquovdok

nivdok evdok

tivdeku tivdeki tivdok

yivdeku tivdok yivdok

Here are some other verbs we have learnt which follow this patternWe have given the first person singular (lsquoIrsquo) since it indicates mostclearly which pattern to follow

ekhzor eshmor esgor egmor efgosh ezkor ekhtovI will return keep shut finish meet remember write

NB Some verbs in the ef-ol pattern need a lsquohelping handrsquo to easepronunciation which slightly upsets the vowel pattern (Sometimessaying the infinitive aloud helps to find the future tense vowelpattern) Look at the verb lsquoto helprsquo larsquoazor also in the ef-ol group

e-ezor ta-azor ya-azor

On the other hand lsquoto dorsquo la-asot becomes

e-eseh ta-aseh ya-asu DaggerUacutelozpermil Uacutelozpermil EgraveUacutelozraquo

IumlUacutelozlaquo

EgraveUacuteEcirclaquo˙UacuteEcirclaquoDaggerUacuteEcirclaquo

IumlUacuteEcirclaquo

DaggerAacuteEcirclaquo DaggerdivideOacutelaquo DaggerOgravesbquolaquo DaggersbquoOacutelaquo DaggerUgravesbquolaquodivide DaggerEcircIcirclaquo DaggerIcirclaquomiddot

Iumlmiddotbdquolaquo )middot-bdquo-(

DaggerUgraveUacutelaquoIuml

DaggerUgraveUacuteIumlDaggerUgraveUacutelaquoIumlUgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

207

Dagger˙ middotbdquoEgrave

permilEgraveDagger middotbdquolaquo

DaggerEgrave Daggermiddotbdquolaquo

Dagger˙permil middotbdquolaquo

permilraquoDagger Egravemiddotbdquolaquo

DaggerAacuteraquo middotbdquolaquo

Dagger˙IgravecopyAcircreg middotbdquoraquo

permilIgravecopyAcircreg Egravemiddotbdquoraquo

The ef-al pattern

To hear lirsquoshmo-a

nishma eshma

tishme-u tishme-i tishma

yishme-u tishma yishma

Other verbs in this group you have learnt

egdal elmad etsdak eshma eshskah eshlakhI will grow learn be right hear forget send

NB Verbs whose middle root letter is one of the gutturalsalso fall into the ef-al rather than the ef-ol group eg

to ask lirsquosh-olnish-al esh-al

Deviations

As we are constantly seeing lsquoproblemrsquo root letters often upsetvowel patterns Below are some common deviations based on theposition of the problem letter within the root Remember that is the template for root letters signifying the first root letter the second and the third root letter eg lsquoto eatrsquo lersquoekhol

is a verb lsquoto wantrsquo lirsquortsot isa verb etc

First letter of root (ohav)

(okhal)

First letter of root (etse)

(ered)(elekh)

UgraverdquoEgrave

Egrave permil

UgraverdquoDagger

Dagger

IumlrdquopermilIumlmacrˆlaquo )--permil(UgraverdquoDaggerIumlDaggerIcirclaquoIuml )Dagger-Icirc-Iuml(

IumlUacuteUgraveUgraveUacuteIuml

)divide-Dagger-Iuml( DaggerEgrave DaggerdivideDaggerIumlDaggerAacuteraquo divideDaggerIumlIumldivideDaggerlaquoIuml


DaggersbquobdquoIuml DaggerIumlOacutebdquo Daggerˆbdquo DaggerdivideOacuteUacute DaggerdivideIcircAacute DaggerdivideIumlAacute

IumldivideOacutelaquoUacute )divide-Oacute-Uacute(

DaggerUgraveUacuteIuml

208

DaggerAacuteraquo divideOacuteUacute

Dagger˙Igrave)Ocirc( divideOacuteUacuteraquo

permilIgrave)Ocirc( EgravedivideOacuteUacuteraquo

Dagger˙ divideOacuteUacuteEgrave

permilEgraveDagger divideOacuteUacute

DaggerEgrave DaggerdivideOacuteUacute

Dagger˙permil divideOacuteUacute

permilraquoDagger EgravedivideOacuteUacute

Dagger-permil-middot Daggerlaquopermilmiddot

Dagger-Icirc-Iuml DaggerlaquoIcircIuml

Egrave--Dagger DaggerˆDagger

Egrave--bdquo Daggermacrbdquo

permil-Iuml-Iacute DaggerIumlIacute

Middle root letter (akum)(asim) (avo)

Last letter (er-eh)

(ertseh)(eftakh)

NB These rules are complicated to remember ndash but donrsquot let themstop you speaking It is good to know them but you will still beable to use the language and make yourself understood if yourvowels are not completely correcthellip

lsquoTo sayrsquo lrsquoemor and lsquoto tellrsquo lrsquohagid

lsquoTo sayrsquo is a Group 1 verb which conjugates asfollows in the future

omar tomar tomri yomar tomar nomar tomru yomru

However far more common in colloquial Hebrew is the use of theverb to express the futureI will say what I think ani agid mah shersquoani khoshev

is no longer used in the present or the past in modernHebrew although you will find it in the Bible Here is how it isconjugated in the future

agid tagid tagiacutedi yagid tagid nagid tagiacutedu yagiacutedu

In other words just remember

omer amar but yagid permilraquoDagger DaggerlaquoOacutemacr DaggerOacutemacr EgravesbquoEgravebdquo

DaggersbquoEgravebdquo sbquoEgravebdquo sbquoEgravebdquoEgrave EgravesbquoEgravebdquo sbquoEgravebdquo sbquoEgravebdquo sbquoEgravebdquoraquo EgravesbquoEgravebdquoraquo

IumlpermilsbquoEgravebdquo

DaggerEgrave DaggersbquoEgravebdquo Oacutepermil divideDaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot

IumlpermilsbquoEgravebdquo )-sbquo-bdquo(

DaggerlaquoOacutemacr DaggerOacutemacr DaggerOacutemacrEgrave EgraveDaggerOacutemacr DaggerOacutemacr DaggerOacutemacr DaggerOacutemacrraquo EgraveDaggerOacutemacrraquo

IumlDaggerOacutelaquo )Dagger-Oacute-(

IumlpermilsbquoEgravebdquoIumlDaggerOacutelaquo

Iumlrdquopermil

permil Aacute

UacuterdquoAcirc

Acirc Egrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

209

˜-raquo-Igrave Dagger˜raquoIgrave

˘-Egrave-Igrave DaggerlozEgraveIgrave

middot-laquo-Dagger DaggermiddotlaquoDagger

macr-Dagger-permil DaggerDaggerpermil

macr--permil Daggermacrˆpermil

Ugrave--Aacute DaggerUgraveAacute

Exercise 4

How do you say

1 They (m) will hear

2 He will remember

3 We will come

4 You (fsing) will say

5 You (mpl) will learn

The use of the future tense

You have seen many verbs in the future in the last couple ofdialogues letrsquos now draw the main uses together

1 The future tense is of course used to talk about the future whenyou intend (mitkaven ) hope (mekaveh ) or whenit is possible (yekhol lrsquohiyot shersquohellip ) that youmight do something

I hope shersquoll say something funny ani mekaveh shersquohi tagidmarsquoshrsquohu matskhik

However in Hebrew as in English you would very naturallyoften use the present

Tomorrow Irsquoll get up early makhar akum mukdam

Tomorrow I am getting up early makhar ani kam mukdam

2 The future is also used in conditional statements imhellip(az)hellip

If you write (then) I will send the letter im tikhtov (az) anieshlakh et harsquomikhtav

NB Notice how Hebrew uses the future tense for both parts ofthe sentence while English often only uses the future in thesecond half

DaggerIgrave Icirclaquomiddot )DaggerEcirc( DaggerEgrave DaggerdivideIumlAacute Dagger˙ permilOacuteIcircmiddot

DaggerIgravehellip )DaggerEcirc(hellip

OacuteAacutemacr DaggerEgrave Igrave OacuteraquobdquoIgrave

OacuteAacutemacr Dagger˜raquoIgrave OacuteraquobdquoIgrave

DaggerEgrave OacuteÃcircAcircpermil dividepermilEgraveDagger sbquoEgravebdquo Oacutedividepermilraquo OacuteÂacuteEgrave

EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlpermilEgravelaquo dividehellipOacuteÃcircAcircpermilOacute˙IcircAcircOcirc

210

3 And to make a request or issue a command Instead of usingthe imperative form colloquial Hebrew very often makes asuggestion or issues a command using the future tense

Turn left at the corner tifni smoacutelah barsquopinah

Take the book I donrsquot need it tikakh et harsquoseacutefer ani lo tsarikh oto

NB Note that to make a negative request or command lsquoalrsquoprecedes the verb instead of

Donrsquot ask him hersquos very busy al tish-al oto hu me-od asuk

Exercise 5

Make sentences using phrases from each of the columns

strictly speaking kshersquo lsquowhenrsquo is used with the past tenselikhshersquo is the correct form of lsquowhenrsquo to use when speakingabout the future

Now read the sentences you have formed and translate them intoEnglish Change them by replacing the pronouns in the first columnwith those in the list on p 212 You will also need to adjust therest of the sentence

IumlIcircdividehellipIcircdivide

DaggerIuml divideDaggerIuml Daggerlaquolaquopermilraquo∆Dagger OacuteDaggerlaquobdquo UacuteOgraveraquo

IumlDaggerDaggerIuml

˙Ãacute Dagger˙ permilOgraveUgravemacrDaggerEgrave IumlDagger macrEgraveIacute Daggerlaquolaquo

˙UgraveEgrave lozOacuteDaggerIumlpermil middotUgraveEgravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

211

1Icircdivide˙sbquoOacutelaquoIumlDagger EgravedivideOacuteUacuteIumllozAacute˜

2permilraquoDagger˙IumlIacuteIcircEgrave permilmacrbdquoEgravelaquo OacutesbquoOcirc

3permilIgrave˙IumlOacutebdquoIumlmiddotEgraveraquo middotAacutelaquobdquodivide permilmiddotDagger

4Dagger˙ DaggerEcircIcirclaquo Oacute˙permil IumlEgravelaquoIgrave permilpermilraquoIumlbdquo divideIumllaquo

5IcircdivideDaggerEgrave IumlDagger EgravemiddotlaquoDaggerraquoDaggerEgrave DaggerIcirclaquomiddot IumlpermilIgrave

6Icircdivide˙sbquobdquoIuml˙divideIumlAacuteEgrave IumllaquoIumlmacrIcirclaquomiddot UacuteIuml DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

Example

kshersquohem yigmeru hem yelkhu lersquosakhekWhen they (will) finish they will go off to play

Exercise 6

What patience Eytan and Liyat are going away Eytan is such anervous traveller he feels compelled to check that Liyat has madeall the necessary (and possibly unnecessary) arrangements Ratherthan getting upset Liyat promises to get everything done Insertthe correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the dialogue

New vocabulary

to feed lrsquoha-akhil G3

cat khatul (m)

to leave lrsquohash-ir G3

airport sdeh harsquote-ufah (m)

to take out lrsquohotsi G3

rubbish ashpah (f)

2 DaggerAacuteraquo 3 DaggerEgrave 4 permilraquoDagger 5 Dagger˙ 6 Dagger˙Igrave

1 Icircdivide˙sbquoOacutelaquo IumlIacute IumllozAacute˜ - )permilIgrave( IcircdividepermilIgrave EgravesbquoOacutemacrraquo permilIgrave EgraveIumlIcircraquo IumllozAacute˜

212

IumlpermilDaggerIcircEgraveIuml )Dagger-Icirc-Iuml(

Aacute˙raquoIuml

IumlpermildivideDaggerEgrave )divide-Dagger-(

lozbdquopermil permil˙UacuteraquoUgravepermil

IumlpermillaquoEgraveDagger )Egrave--Dagger(

DaggerdivideUgravepermil

- Dagger˙ OacuteraquoIcircpermil IumlOgraveEgraveUacutepermil

- UgraveAacutelaquo Daggerlaquo Egravelaquomacr

- middotEgravedivide˙ OacutepermildivideIcircEgraveIgrave IumlpermilDaggerIcircEgraveIuml Dagger˙ permilAacute˙raquoIuml

- IumlDagger DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave )middot--divide( middotUacutelaquobdquo macrsbquoUacute

- permildivideDaggermacr Dagger˙ OacuteOgraveUgravemacr permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc divideIuml permilOacuteIumllaquoOcirc IumlpermillaquoEgraveIgrave

- Uacutelaquobdquo IumlDagger DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave )bdquo-middot-( DaggerEgraveIgrave Egravelaquomacr OacuteDaggerraquoAacutemacr

- divideIumlAacute˙ Dagger˙ permilOacuteIcircmiddot Iumlmiddot

- IumlDagger DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave )divide-Iuml-Aacute( Daggerlaquolaquo OacuteAacutemacr middotmiddotlaquomacr middotbdquomacrIacute Iumllozbdquopermil permil˙UacuteraquoUgravepermil

- EgraveEgrave Dagger˙ permilOacute˜macrmacr

- IumlDagger DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave )--permil( DaggerAacutemacrEgrave divide)Dagger-Icirc-Iuml(

Exercise 7

Matters of the heart an experienced bachelor gives some tips tohis less experienced friend How does he say

1 Ring her at least once a day

2 Invite her to popular restaurants

3 Ask her to go out with you

4 Bring her flowers

5 Buy her expensive presents

6 Tell her she is beautiful and charming

7 Tell her you will always love her

Now switch roles and answer as his friend

ldquoI am sure that if I do all this she will ask me to meet her parentsI only want to go out with herhelliprdquo

Exercise 8

Many a wise wordhellip Can you read these wise words of advice ndashwhether you follow them or not is up to you

Dialogue 3

Peter and Maya are on their way again and have turned on theradio What are they listening to and what does it prompt them todiscuss

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

213

1DaggerIgrave IumlDagger divideDaggerIuml - IumlDagger bdquoUacute

2DaggerIgrave IumlDagger middot˜divide IumlDagger ˜middotIuml

3DaggerIgrave ˜divideEgravemiddot - IumlOacutebdquo

4DaggerIgrave IumlDagger Uacutemiddotlaquobdquo IumlDagger DaggerIcircIuml

- permillaquoDagger˙ Dagger˙ permilDaggerdivideUgravepermil

- IumlDagger Dagger˙ Ecircpermil Dagger˙permil )--Iacute( IumlUacutelozlaquo IumlUgraveEgrave divide)DaggerAacuteraquoEgrave--Dagger(

Vocabulary

announcer broadcaster karayan(-itf)

forecast takhzit (f)

hot dry weather sharav (f)

will be continuing yimashekh

region eyzor (m)

expected tsafuy (tsfuyahf)

descent drop yeridah (f)

between beyn

degrees ma-alotCelsius tselsius

heit will be yihiyeh

heat khom (m)

nerve atsav (atsabimm)

mad meshuga(-tf)

air conditioning mizug avir (m)

many hamon (adverb)

214

˜macrEgraveEgraveOcirc˙AacuteEcircEgrave OacuteEcircsbquo permilDaggerAcircAcircEgrave IumlEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave permil˜macrlaquomiddotEgraveIgrave permildividemacrmiddot EgraveEgraveOacutedivideIacute middotmacrmiddot

DaggerEcirclaquoEgrave permilDaggermacrı IumlDagger˙ OgravelaquoUcirc permildividemiddotraquoUacute UgraveraquoEgravepermil EgraveEgravebdquopermil

middotEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo permilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo IumlOacuteAacutehellip middotDaggerEgraveEcirclaquo EgraveIgrave permilOacuteIumlAacute

middotEgraveOcirc ordm32 IumlOgraveEgraveraquoOgrave middotIumlEgraveIumlpermil Uacutebdquo ordm53 middotEgravelaquoIgrave

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOacutelaquo divideAacutedividemiddot˙Egrave OacuteAacutemacr EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil Uacutelaquobdquo Egravelaquomacr AacuteIgrave permilAacutelaquoIgrave Ugravepermil UacutelaquoIumlpermil

UacuteIuml permilUacuteˆmiddotEgraveIgrave IumlDagger UgraveIumlDagger dividepermilEgravedivideDaggerIumlEgraveIgrave laquoOgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave IcircOacutelaquo OacutedivideraquosbquoUacuteEgraveIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEumllaquomiddot divideEgravedivide IumlIacute OacuteEgraveEcircraquosbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave middotDaggerlaquoEumllaquo

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIcircOcirc permilEgraveraquo Iumlraquo permilOacutelaquoOcirc Daggerraquolaquo bdquomacrIcircEgraveIgrave DaggerEcirc permilEgravelaquoIgrave Egravedivide Aacutelaquo IcircIuml

macrIcircmiddot AacuteEgraveEgravemiddot middotOacuteEgraveEcircraquosbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrpermilpermilsbquoEgraveIgrave Oacute˙permilsbquoEgraveIgrave Egravelaquomacr EgraveUgravepermil middotAacutelaquoUcirc

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilpermilIumlAcircDaggerEgrave middotAacutelaquoUcirc sbquoIgrave macrEgraveIacute IumlOgravelaquoUacute middotEcircpermilEgraveraquo IcircEgrave Egravedivide OgraveIcirclaquo

DaggerAacutemacrlaquo IumlOacutedivideIuml Ugravepermil middotsbquomiddot Egravedivide IumlUgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave divideEumlUgravelaquolaquo IcircdivideEgravelaquobdquoEgraveIgrave

sbquodivideOacuteEgraveIgrave IcircmiddotbdquoEgraveIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlUgraveAacutelaquo IumlDagger Egravelaquobdquo IumlIcircIgrave sbquodivideIgrave IcircIuml permilEcircOacuteOcirc IcircOacutelaquo DaggerÎumlEgraveraquo

˜macrEgraveEgraveOcirc)(

˙AacuteEcircEgrave

dividemacrmiddot

EgraveEgraveOacutedivideIacute

DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo

ÛgraveraquoEgrave)permil(

EgraveEgravebdquopermil

middotEgraveOcirc

ordmOacuteUacuteIumllaquoÎumlOgraveEgraveraquoOgrave

EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil

AacutelaquoIgrave

Uacuteˆmiddot

OacutedivideraquosbquoUacute)(

OacuteEgraveEcircraquosbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave

permilOacutelaquoOcirc

accident te-unah (f)road accidents te-unot drakhim

law khok (m)

behave(s) conduct(s) mitnaheg G4himself

I wish if only halevay

for example lrsquomashal

danger sakanah (f)

flood downpour shitafon (shitfonot m)

heavy kaved (kvedah f)

at least lrsquofakhot

withat us (in our home etsleacuteynu country etc) (etsel + anaacutekhnu)

Language points

The future tense of lsquoto bersquo nihyeh ehyeh

tihyu tihyi tihyeh

yihyu tihyeh yihyeh

The formal form of the future for they (f) is tihyeacutenahColloquial Hebrew however allows the use of the masculine form

Just like the past tense of lsquoto bersquo the future is used toexpress both the impersonal lsquothere will bersquo and the possessive lsquowillhaversquo

One day there will be peace yom ekhad yihiyeh shalom

Next month I will have more time barsquokhoacutedesh harsquoba yihyeh liyoter zman middotAacutelaquobdquodivide permilmiddotDagger EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil IumlEgrave Egravelaquomacr EcircOacuteOcirc

EgravelaquoIgrave DaggerAacutebdquo EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil divideIumllaquoIgrave


EgravepermilEgraveraquo



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

215

˙Daggerraquopermil˙Daggerraquolaquo bdquomacrIcircEgraveIgrave

Aacutelaquo

Oacute˙permilsbquo )-permil-sbquo(

permilIumlAcircDaggerEgrave

IumlOacutedivideIuml

OgraveIcircpermil

divideEgraveEumlUgravelaquoOcirc)laquopermil(

Icircmiddotbdquo)permil(

IumlUgraveAacutelaquo

DaggerÎumlEgraveraquo

DaggerAacuteraquo permilEgraveEgravepermil

Dagger˙Igrave)Ocirc( permilEgraveraquo

permilIgrave)Ocirc( EgravepermilEgraveraquo

Dagger˙ permilEgraveEgrave

permilEgraveDagger permilEgraveEgravepermil

DaggerEgrave DaggerpermilEgraveEgravepermil

Dagger˙permil permilEgraveEgravepermil

permilraquoDagger EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil

216

It is also used as an auxiliary

Yoursquoll have to drive carefullytihiyeh mukhrakh lirsquonhog birsquozhirut

The weather

The weather is much less of a talkingpoint in Israel than it is in Englandsince it is much more stable Howeverthe climate over the year is as varied asis the countryrsquos geography in thewinter you could spend a day in thesnow on Mount Hermon or even inJerusalem and then go swimming thenext day in Eilat on the Red Sea

Here are a few common expressionsand ways of describing the weather

New vocabulary

cloud(s) anan (m)

cloudy me-unan

rainy gashum

snow sheacuteleg (m)

pleasant weather meacutezeg avir na-eh

comfortable high temperatuacuterot nokhotlow temperature(s) gvohot nemukhot

light rain geacuteshem kal

heavy rain downpour geacuteshem shotef

wind ruacute-akh (f)

a strong west wind ruacute-akh khazakah

hot dry weather sharavmeacutezeg avir shravi

dry yavesh

˙permilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute Iumlpermillaquosbquo middotEcircpermilEgraveraquo

UacuteOcirc

EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteUacuteraquoOcirc

EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil sbquodivideraquoIgrave

Egravebdquo divideIumlsbquo

EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteEcircsbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave Daggerpermil

permilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo laquoAacutelaquo sbquomiddotlaquopermillaquo OacuteraquoIcirclaquo

Egravebdquo sbquodivideIgrave Iuml

Egravebdquo sbquodivideIgrave dividelaquoEumlUcirc

macrraquoAacute

˙permilEgraveEgravepermil macrraquoAacute AacuteEcircpermil

dividemacrmiddotEgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteEcircsbquoDaggerAcircEgrave dividemacrmiddotEgrave

EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil Egravemiddotdivide

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

217

heat wave khamsin(from the desert)

highlow humidity lakhut (f) gvohahnemukhah

sunwill be sunny sheacutemesh brsquosh-ot during the morning harsquoboacuteker

Exercise 9

What is the weather forecast for the following places

sunny high strong winds heavy rain fair but low cloud withhumidity 28ordmC mild temperature 23ordmC temp 12ordmC rain 17ordmC

Exercise 10

Match the activity to the weather Example

Exercise 11

Now that yoursquove finished exercise 10 and checked your answersjoin the correct activity and weather together to make completesentences using lsquoifrsquo and the future tense (the lsquoverbalrsquo nounsdescribing the activity will tell you which verbs to use)Example

If itrsquos sunny (lit lsquothere will be sunrsquo) we will take a trip to the zooim tihyeh sheacutemesh netayel brsquogan harsquokhayot

6DaggerIgrave permilEgraveEgravepermil divideOacutedivide EumlEgraveEgraveIuml middotsbquoOcirc permilAacuteEgravelaquo

middot6

DaggerIgrave

6middot

Oacutepermil EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteEcircsbquo permilDaggerAcircEgrave OacuteAacutemacr middothellip

EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil AacuteOacuteOgraveEgraveOcirc

˙permilEgraveEgravepermil IumlAacuteraquo sbquomiddotlaquopermilpermilOacuteraquoIcircpermil

˙permilEgraveEgravepermil divideOacutedivide middotdivideUacutelaquo permilmiddotlaquomacr

IumllaquobdquolaquoOcircEumllaquoEgravelaquoEgraveraquo EgravelaquoÕgraveEgravebdquoEgrave˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

DaggerEumlEgraveraquoIuml middotOgraveOacuteEumlDaggerlaquo divideIuml EgraveUgravelaquo permilUacuteEgravepermil

middotmiddotEgraveraquo middotsbquoOcirc permilAacuteEgravelaquo

sbquoIumlUacutelozlaquo EgraveEgravelaquo middot˜EgravelaquoOcirc permilAacutebdquodivide

bdquoEgravedivideEgravemiddotpermil middotmiddotEgrave Ugravepermil UacuteIuml permilEumlEgraveEgraveIuml

permilmiddotEgraveraquo middotOacuteraquoEcircEgraveDaggerlaquoOcirc UacuteIgrave OacuteEgraveEcircraquosbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave

AcirclozAacuteEgraveEgravepermil middotEgraveIgrave

EcircmacrEgravepermil UacuteIuml AacutelaquoUcirc permilEgraveIgrave

AacuteOgraveEgraveUacutepermil IumlEgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave permilrsquoIumlmiddotpermilrsquo

(Promenade)

1OacuteUacuteraquoOcirc

2sbquodivideIgrave dividelaquoEumlUcirc

3IumlAacuteraquo sbquomiddotlaquopermilpermil

4dividemacrmiddotEgrave

5divideIumlsbquo

6divideOacutedivide

7EumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo sbquomiddotlaquopermillaquo

8OacuteEcircsbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave EgraveUgravepermil

12At the doctorrsquos


bull to read signs + infinitive mutarasurbull the imperative tsivuybull how to say whatrsquos wrong with you bull parts of the bodybull verbs ndash Group 5 (nif-al )bull more prepositions bull an old joke

IumlEgravebdquoEgrave middotdividemiddotEgraveIumlEgrave OacuteOacuteEgrave IumlmiddotbdquoEgrave middotUacuteÔacuteEgraveUgraveUacuteIuml

ÂcircAcircraquoEgraveOacuteraquomacrDaggerOgraveraquoDaggerIumlDagger


Dialogue 1

The next morning we find Peter at the doctorrsquos surgery (clinic ndashmirpa-ah (f) ) Why is the patient next to him so unhappyWhat is wrong with Peter

Peter goes in to see the doctor

OacutemacrUgraveDaggerpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

219

DaggerAacutelaquoDaggerbdquolaquoEgrave Dagger˙permil IumlDagger macrlaquoDaggerpermil Dagger˙ permildivideIumlEuml DaggerEgraveOcirc IcircEgraveOgravepermil IumlIcircIumlmiddotEgraveIgrave

AacutelaquoIumlpermilOacutepermil Dagger˙ macrlaquopermil divideDaggerEgrave DaggerUacutelozpermil UacuteIgrave permilIcircIumlmiddot OacuteOgraveIcircOcirc DaggerEgrave DaggerEgraveEcircpermil

IcircIumlmiddot Egrave Egrave IumlEgrave IumlpermildivideDaggerEgrave Daggerlaquolaquo Ugravepermil permilraquoDagger IumlDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddot IumlpermilEgravelaquo

Iumlmiddotbdquolaquo middotmiddotEgrave

DaggerAacutelaquoDaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr DaggerbdquolaquoEgrave UgraveOgraveEgrave Iumlmiddot˜divide Ecircpermil IumlDagger EgraveUacuteEcirclaquo IumlIacute

middotUgraveUacuteIgrave permilmiddotDaggerpermil OacuteˆDagger IumlIcircIumlmiddot middotEgravemiddotEgrave OgraveEgraveEumlmacr AcircUacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc dividelaquo Daggerlaquolaquo

middotmiddot˜dividepermil middotAacuteraquoı

AacutelaquoIumlpermilDaggerEgraveOcirc IumlIacute macrsbquodivide IumlAacuteEgravelaquo AacuteIgrave middotAacuteraquoı

DaggerAacutelaquo˙sbquoEgravebdquo IumlIcircIumlmiddot divideIumlIacute divideEgravedividemiddot middotÎuml UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoEgraveOcirc OacuteIumlDagger

middotmiddot˜dividepermil Dagger˙ permilEumllaquoUgraveOgrave IumlUgraveEgrave divideDagger˙permil IcircOgrave IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrbdquolaquoEumllaquo DaggerEgrave middotDaggerOacute˙ IumlDagger OacutemacrsbquoEgravedivide Eumllaquomiddot Egravedivide IumlEgrave IcircDaggermiddot Daggerdivide

OacuteDagger˙OacutelaquoIuml middotUacutemacrmiddot IcirclaquoDaggermiddot˙ IumlEgrave permilmiddotEumlOcirc AcircEgravedivide IumlEgrave middotAacuteEgraveIumlpermil

macrlaquoUgraveDaggermiddotlaquoDagger UacuteIumlpermil UacuteIuml permilOacuteEgraveEumlpermil AcircDaggermiddotbdquolaquo DaggerlaquoIacute IumlOacutemacrlaquo divideDaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot

divideDaggerUgravedividemacr IumlAacutedivide Oacutepermil macrpermil IumlIacute middotEgraveIumlEgrave Dagger˙ IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave middotdivideOacutedivide


UgraveEgraveEumlmacrbdquoAcircAcircDagger IumlDagger DaggerOacuteIgrave permil˙macrAacuteˆ˙Egrave middotEgraveIgrave permilOacuteIumlAacute DaggermiddotIuml Ecircpermil permilEgravepermil

DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilˆpermilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave IcircdividepermildivideOacutedivide UgraveAacutelaquo AacuteEcircpermil

macrlaquoUgraveDaggerDagger˙permil IumlDagger macrsbquoEgraveIuml IumlAacutelaquoIgrave AcircpermildivideDaggerIumlpermil permilEgraveDagger DaggerIgrave sbquoIgrave divide˙Egrave OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveIacute EgravebdquoUacute IcirclaquoOcirc middotOacute˜laquoIgrave Iumldivide˙laquo Dagger˙ permilOacuteEgraveIgrave lozOacute˙Egrave DaggerlaquoIgrave

middotmacrbdquoEgraveDaggerEumllaquo divideIuml permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquohellip

(to Peter)

Vocabulary

nurse (sister) akhot (f)

patient (noun) kholeh (kholah f)ill (adjective)

sign sheacutelet (m)

dog keacutelev (klavim m)

poor thing wretched misken(-ah f)

clean naki (nekiyah f)

on his own levado (levad + hu)

next time barsquopaacute-am harsquoba-ah

tie (you msing) kshor

outside barsquokhuts

feeling emotion reacutegesh (ragashot m)

shade shadow(s) tsel (tslalim m)

form toacutefes (tfasim m)

enter nikhnas

pain ache ke-ev (m)

head rosh (m)

it hurts me ko-ev li

stomach belly beacuteten (f)

nausea bekhilah (f)

bed mitah (f)

to guess lrsquonakhesh G2

(to be) used (to) ragil (regilah f) + lrsquohellip

instead of bimkom


220

DaggerAacutelaquo

AacutelaquoIumlpermil

divideIumlEuml

IcircIumlmiddot

OacuteOgraveIcircOcirc)permil(

Egrave)permil(

Iumlmiddotbdquolaquo

middotUgraveUacuteIgrave permilmiddotDaggerpermil

˜dividelaquo )-divide-(

middotAacuteraquoı

macrsbquodivide)laquo(

Îuml )IumlIumlEgraveIgrave(

EumllaquoUgraveOgrave

IcircOgrave

IcircDaggermiddot

Daggerdivide

IcirclaquoDaggermiddot IumlEgrave

middotEumlOcirc

middotAacuteEgraveIumlpermil

OacuteEgraveEumlpermil

IumlAacutedivide )-Aacute-divide(

macrsbquoEgraveIuml)permil( +Iumlhellip

middotOacute˜laquoIgrave

Cultural note

You can identify a doctorrsquosclinic or a hospital by the redStar of David magen davidadom (theequivalent of the Red Cross)which yoursquoll also see on ambu-lances A clinic will probablyalso have a sign saying kupatkholim which isIsraelrsquos version of the BritishNational Health Service Ratherthan saying they are going to theclinic or doctorrsquos surgeryIsraelis often simply say theyare going to the

Language points

Sign language

Modern life seems to demand signs everywhere ndash asking you to dosomething or more often than not not to do something Requestson signs and in more formal speech occasionally use the impera-tive (see below) or future form but more often use the infinitiveof the verb preceded by lsquopleasersquo nah for positive requests orlsquo(there is) Norsquo eyn for prohibitions can also simply befollowed by a noun

No exit eyn yetsi-ah

Donrsquot walk on the grass eyn lirsquodrokh al harsquodeacuteshe

Please sit down nah lasheacutevet

Mutar and asur

If you want to know if something is permitted you would ask lsquoIsit allowedrsquo or lsquoAm I (you he etc) allowedrsquo

[+ the infinitive] And if the answer is lsquonorsquoOacuteraquomacr IumlEgrave )IumlIacute Iumllaquohellip(Oacuteraquomacr

DaggerOgraveraquoOacuteraquomacr

Dagger Iumldividemiddot˙

DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlbdquomacrlaquoIacute UacuteIuml permilbdquodivideDagger

DaggerEgraveOcirc EgraveEgraveDaggerpermil

DaggerEgraveOcircDaggerEgraveOcircDagger

˜raquoUgrave AacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave


OacutesbquoOcirc bdquoAcircbdquo DaggerbdquolaquoIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

221

you will receive the reply lo asur (lekha lohellip) [+ infinitive] no itrsquos forbidden (to you him etc) you (he

etc) is are not allowedhellip

is also often used on signs Look for the lsquono smokingrsquo signin the drawing of the doctorrsquos waiting room before Dialogue 1 ndash

Exercise 1

Match the signs with their English equivalents

a Stopb Donrsquot lean out of the windowc No litterd Dangere No parking

Exercise 2

Can you work out what these notices say

DaggerOgraveraquo IumlUacutedivideOcirc

DaggerOgraveraquo

IumlDagger DaggerOgraveraquo )IumlIacute Iumllaquo(

222

Dagger IumldivideOacutelaquo UacuteIuml permildivide˜Euml

DaggerEgraveOcirc Iumlbdquomiddotmacr UacuteIgrave permilpermilsbquo middotdivideUacute permilOgraveEgraveUacutepermil

Dagger IumlpermilEgraveIcircOgrave UgraveEgraveOacutepermil

UacuteOacutelaquobdquo divideIcircAacute˙ Oacutedividepermilraquo middot˙laquoIacute permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

The imperative

The imperative in Hebrew has three forms you (sing m+f) andyou (pl) It is formed by removing the prefix of the future tensebut keeping the suffixes Here are some examples to give you prac-tice (Notice the usual slight vowel changes to accommodate easeof pronunciation)

NB The imperative is not used for negative commands These areformed with the future tense (see p 211)

a Group 1

tnu tni ten(you mfpl) (you fsing) (you msing) (to give larsquotet)

These verbs follow the same pattern say them aloud in all threeforms

(take) (sit) (go out)

Check your answers yoursquoll find all three forms with translitera-tions for these and the following groups in the key to exercises atthe back

kishru kishri kshor (to tie lirsquokshor)

Practise more verbs in the same group

As you can see once yoursquove established the principle it is not difficult

to run

to get up

to move

Icirclaquomiddot divideOacutelaquohellipUgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

˙

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

223

--Ocirc )Iuml˙(˙Ocirc˙Egrave˙raquo

dividemiddothellip ˆDaggerhellipÃacutehellip

˜-divide- )Iumldividelaquo( dividelaquo˜dividemacrEgrave˜dividemacrraquo

Iumlmacrraquoı )-raquo-ı( macrraquoı macrraquoEgrave macrraquoraquo

IumlraquoIgrave hellipraquoIgrave hellip

IumlEcircraquoEcirchellipEcircraquoEcirchellip

b Group 2

to tell relate lersquosaper

saper sapri sapru

Your turn to arrange to hurry

c Group 3

to save rescue lrsquohatsil

hatsel hatsiacuteli hatsilu

Your turn to listen lrsquohakshiv

d Group 4

to wake up lrsquohit-orer

hit-orer hit-oreri hit-oreru

To be ashamed embarrassed is also in this group lrsquohitbayesh

How would you tell her to be ashamed of herself to getdressed and get out of the roomhellip

Exercise 3

Go back to Dialogue 2 of the previous unit Here are the requestsmade in the future tense which can be changed to the imperativeform Can you put them in the imperative Here is the first

tistakel ndash histakel

˙DaggerEgrave macrraquoı ÎumlÎumlEgrave ˜divideEgravemiddot UgraveAacute AacuteIcircpermil middotbdquolaquo

˙Ograve˙IcircIuml - permilOgrave˙IcircIuml

Iumlpermil˙middotEgraveEgravedivide )middot-Acirc-divide(


Iumlpermil˜˘Egravemiddot


IumlOacutepermilmacrIumlOgravebdquomacr


224

IumlOgraveUgravemacr )Ograve-Ugrave-(

OgraveUgravemacr OgraveUgravemacrEgrave OgraveUgravemacrraquo

IumlpermilÊgraveIuml )--Iuml(

permilÎuml permilÊgraveIumlEgrave permilÊgraveIumlraquo

Iumlpermil˙Uacutelaquomacr )Uacute-raquo-(

permil˙Uacutelaquomacr permil˙UacutelaquomacrEgrave permil˙Uacutelaquomacrraquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

225

Letrsquos go

If you want to include everyone ndash a very common way of makingsuggestions in Hebrew ndash you use the imperative of (in theform for the personpeople you are addressing) together with thelsquowersquo of the future tense

Letrsquos go to a restaurant

(To a girl)

(To a group of people)

Exercise 4

How would you say

1 Letrsquos (fsing) go to the cinema

2 Letrsquos (msing) see whatrsquos in the fridge

3 Letrsquos (pl) have (lit lsquomakersquo) a party (mesibah )

4 Letrsquos (fsing) order a pizza

5 Letrsquos (pl) ask that man

6 Letrsquos (msing) hope that they will listen to us

lsquoIt hurts mersquo ndash parts of the body

To hurt lirsquokh-ov is only used in the third person(sing and plural masc and fem) in other words this Group 1 verb is used in the impersonal form To make it personal you add

+ pronoun endings

What hurts you mah ko-ev lekha

My head hurts me my left eye hurts me and my teeth hurt meharsquorosh ko-ev li harsquoaacuteyin harsquosmalit ko-eacutevet li vrsquoharsquoshinaacuteyim ko-avot li

Oacutepermil IcirclaquoDaggermiddot IumlIacute

Iuml

UgraveUacuteIumlIumlIcircDaggerlaquomiddot )Icirc-Dagger-middot(


middotlaquoDaggerraquo -Acirc-permil -divide-middot

OacuteOgraveEgravemiddotpermil

middotlaquoDagger middotlaquoDaggerEgrave middotlaquoDaggerraquo

middot-laquo-Dagger

middotlaquoDaggerEgrave IumlIacute IumlOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

middotlaquoDaggerraquo IumlIacute IumlOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

permilDaggerdivide IcirclaquoDaggermiddot IumlEgrave permilUacuteEgraveOcirc permillozOacuteDaggerIumlEgrave IcirclaquoDaggermiddot˙ IumlEgraveAcircpermildivideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave IcirclaquoDaggermiddotlaquo IumlEgrave

Yesterday my back also hurt I hope it wonrsquot hurt metomorrow etmol gam harsquogav ka-av li ani mekaveh shersquohu loyikhhav li makhar

You can also use the noun lsquopainrsquo ke-ev (m) as the firstword of a word pair

I have a tummy ache yesh li ke-ev beten

body guf (m)

head rosh (m)

back gav(m)

hand(s) yad (-aacuteyim) (f)

finger eacutetsba (m)

leg(s)foot (feet) regel(-aacuteyim) (f)

eye(s) aacuteyin (eynaacuteyim f)

nose af (m)

ear(s) ozen (oznaacuteyim f)

throat garon(m)

toothteeth shen (shinaacuteyim f)

mouth peh (m)

Irsquom bleeding fromhellip yored li dam mirsquohellip

blood dam(m)

Egravedivide IumlEgrave IcircDaggermiddot middotEumlOcirc

IcircDaggermiddot

226

Dagger˙OacutelaquoIuml sbquoIgrave permilsbquomiddot IcircDaggermiddot IumlEgrave DaggerEgrave OacuteÃcircAcircpermil dividepermilraquoDaggerIumlDagger EgraveIcircDaggermiddot IumlEgrave OacuteAacutemacr

sbquoraquoUcirc

Daggerdivide

sbquomiddot

Egravebdquo)EgraveEgraveIgrave(

DaggerˆmiddotUacute)laquo(

macrsbquoIuml)EgraveEgraveIgrave(

UacuteEgraveOcirc )UacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave(

DaggerUcirc

DaggerlaquoEcircOcirc )DaggerEcircEgraveEgraveIgrave(

sbquolaquoOcirc

divideOcirc )divideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave(

Ugravepermil

IcirclaquoDaggermiddot IumlEgrave permilhellip

IcirclaquoDaggermiddot˙

IcirclaquoDaggermiddotEgraveIgrave

IcirclaquoDaggermiddotlaquo

Egravedivide IumlEgrave IcircDaggermiddot

Egravelaquobdquo IumlEgrave bdquoIgrave Oacute

bdquoIgrave

Exercise 5

Comprehension what exactly do these patients want

New vocabulary

the main thing essence harsquoikar (m)

urgent dakhuf (dkhufah f)

fever khom (m)

[to have] a cold metsunan (metsuneacutenet f)

cough(s) (verb) mishta-elet G4

flu shapa-at (f)

what for bishvil mah

Exercise 6

Which of the following suggestions is sound advice to give to apatient with the flu


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

227

permilUacuteEgravemacr

bdquoAacuteraquoUcirc)permil(

AacutelaquoIgrave

OacuteˆraquoOcirc)(

Oacutedivide˙UacuteIuml

divideUgraveUacute

middotdividemiddotEgraveIuml Oacutepermil

ndashDaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute laquo IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger

ndashDaggerEgraveEcircpermil macrlaquoUgraveDagger Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute macrlaquoUgraveDagger UacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave macrlaquoUgraveDagger divideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

macrlaquoUgraveDagger EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave Daggerlaquo˙laquoUgravebdquo DaggerUcirc-DaggerlaquoEcircOcirc-sbquolaquoOcirc

ndashIumlDagger Aacutedivideraquomiddot permilUacuteEgravemacr divideEgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil macrlaquoUgraveDagger Eumllaquomiddot

ndashbdquolaquoEumllaquo DaggerEgrave OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacutepermil IumlDaggerlaquo DaggerlaquoIacute Ecircpermil bdquoAacuteraquoUcirc

ndashOacutepermil IcirclaquoDaggermiddot IumlIacute

ndashIcirclaquoDaggermiddot IumlEgrave permilDaggerdivideEgravedivide IumlEgrave AacutelaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave Oacuteˆraquo permilsbquolaquoOcirc divideIumlEgrave DaggerbdquolaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave

Oacutedivide˙UacuteIuml IcircIuml permilEcircOacuteOcirc IcirclaquoDaggermiddot IumlEgrave IcircIuml permilsbquoraquoUcirc Egravedivide IumlEgrave divideUgraveUacute

ndashDaggerEcirc DaggerIgrave Dagger˙ EgravelaquobdquoUacute Oacutepermil Egravedivide IumlIacute middotdividemiddotEgraveIuml Oacutepermil Dagger˙ macrEgraveIcircpermil DaggerlaquoEgrave

ndashmacrÊgraveEgrave dividesbquoIgrave Dagger˙permil bdquoUacute

New vocabulary

thermometer madkhom (m)

to sleep lirsquoshon G1 (irr)

tablet kadour (m)

against neacuteged

Exercise 7

Yoursquore in a bad way you have to call the doctor atah tsarikh lirsquokro lrsquorofe

Tell the doctor that

1 you have eaten something (bad) and you have a stomach ache

2 you fell on the stairs (G1 ) and your right leg hurts

3 yoursquove got an ear ache

4 you must go to a dentist ndash itrsquos urgent

5 your finger is bleeding

-Ugrave-Iuml

Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute IumlDagger IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger

UgraveUacuteIuml

228

OacutebdquoAacutelaquoIgrave

IumlEgravedividelaquoOcirc

Icircbdquoraquo

sbquobdquo

1Ãacute DaggerOgraveUgraveEgraveEgraveOcirc IcircbdquoEgrave IumlpermillaquoEgravebdquo Dagger˙ permilAacutelaquoIgrave

2dividemiddot ˆ˙ middotdivideOacutedivide

3˙divide˙permil permilmacrmiddotpermil EgraveEgraveOcirc

4˙DaggerIcircIuml Dagger˙ permilOacutebdquoAacutelaquoIgrave

5DaggerIuml lozEgraveIgrave Igrave permilsbquopermil

6˙EgravedivideOcirc ˆ˙ Egravelaquomacr

7˙divide˙permil permilmacrmiddotpermil OacuteEgraveIgrave Daggerlaquo permil

8Ãacute Icircbdquoraquo sbquobdquo IcircDaggermiddot Daggerdivide dividedivide UgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave

Dialogue 2

Peter is resting in his room after his morningrsquos outing to the doctorwhen there is knock at the door How is Peter He was so lookingforward to visiting one of the Dead Sea beauty therapy productsfactories Does he still want to go

Vocabulary

to enter lrsquohikanes G5

next to you lrsquoyadkha (lrsquoyad + atah)

I was careful niz-haacuterti G5

intend(s) mitkaven G4

to stay lrsquohisha-er G5

I have met nivgaacuteshti G5

impertinence cheek khutspah (f)

from him mimeacutenu (mirsquo + hu)

UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml


UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

229

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacuteEgrave Ecircpermil OacuteDaggerEgravepermil DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveIcircOgrave

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilpermilEgrave DaggerEgraveIacute Dagger˙permil OacutemacrsbquoEgravedivide DaggerIuml EcircraquoEcirc OacutepermilOacuteEgraveEumlpermil DaggerEgrave Daggerdividemiddot UacuteIuml

permilIcircEgraveOgraveDagger IumlEgravebdquoIacute Oacutepermil permilmacrlaquoUgraveDagger DaggerOacutemacr

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrpermilraquoDagger DaggerOacutemacr divideDaggerEgrave DaggerAacuteEgraveEgravepermil AcircDaggerIgrave sbquoIgrave DaggerEcircIcirclaquo Iumldivide˙laquo OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave DaggerEcirc

Ecircpermil IumlDagger Egravemacrpermil IumlEgrave divideraquomiddot

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilpermilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIcircpermil IumldivideOacutelaquo UacuteIumlEgraveIacute IumlDagger EcircpermilmacrEgrave OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave DaggerAacutemacrEgrave

permilIcircIuml Dagger˙permil IumlDagger macrsbquoEgraveIuml IumlEgraveı permilEgravelozDaggerIumlEgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerIuml bdquoDaggersbquoEgrave DaggerEgrave middotDaggerOacute˙ middotOgravebdquomacr DaggerEgrave sbquoIgrave IumlDagger Oacute˙IcircAcircAcircOcirc

IumlpermilEgravedivideDaggermacr middotOacuteEgraveEumlpermil IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave DaggerIuml divideIcircAacuteEgrave divideUacutelaquobdquo IumlDagger Ugravesbquodivide˙Egrave

UacuteIgrave Oacutemacr middotIumlraquoIgrave OacutepermilOacuteUgraveUacuteIuml AcircpermilraquoDagger OacuteAacuteIcircpermil Iumlraquo middotDaggermacrmiddotUacute

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDagger˙permil Aacutelaquodividemiddot divideEcircDagger˙ AacuteraquoUgravepermil Iumlmiddot˜divide OacuteOacuteraquo divideEgravemiddotlaquoDagger IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide

DaggerEgraveIacute middotOacuteIumllaquoOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrmiddotpermilAacuteIumlEuml AcircmiddotIcircIuml Oacute˜macrpermil middotdividemiddotEgraveIumlEgrave EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot IumlIumlIcirc

DaggerIumlEgraveAcirc IcircEgrave DaggerEgrave sbquoIgrave macrlaquopermil IumlDaggerlaquo Dagger˙ permilOacuteUgraveUacuteIuml

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil divideDagger˙permil IumlDagger OacuteAcircAcircmacr middot˜Iumlraquo permilAacuteIumlOacutepermil OacutepermilEgravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr˙laquobdquopermil DaggerEcirc Iumlpermil˙Daggerlaquo middotdivideIumllaquodivide AcircAacuteÊgrave


IumlEgravebdquoIacute

EcircpermilmacrEgrave )Ecirc-permil-(

Oacute˙IcircAcircAcircOcirc )Icirc-Acirc-Ocirc(

IumlpermilEgravedivideDaggermacr

Ugravesbquodivide˙Egrave

AacuteraquoUgravepermil

OacuteOacuteraquo

absolutely certainly brsquohekhlet

in any event brsquokhol mikreh

for me bishvili (bishvil + ani)

to him elav (el + hu)

give(s) up mevater G2

easily with ease brsquokalut

a speedy recovery hakhlamah mehirah

lrsquoyad (next to) mirsquohellipmin (from) bishvil (for)and el (to) all take pronoun endings Look in the Prepositionschart at the back of the book for the full declension

Language points

Verb Group 5 nif-al

lsquoHe saw me I was seenrsquo lsquoSawrsquo is the verb lsquoto seersquo in an activevoice lsquowas seenrsquo is in the passive Essentially Group 5 verbsare the passive form of Group 1 verbs

Example

to break lirsquoshbor

to be broken lrsquohishaver

Notice the characteristic infinitive lrsquohi-a-e

Not all Group 5 have corresponding Group 1 verbs (these mayhave disappeared over time) but you may find them sharing a rootwith verbs in other groups

Example


to be left to stay lrsquohisha-er G5

I left the dog at home permildivideDaggermacrEgrave Dagger˙ permilIcircIumlmiddot middotmiddotEgrave

IumlpermilEgravedivideDaggermacr )-Dagger-( UgraveUacuteIuml

IumlpermildivideDaggerEgrave )-Dagger-( permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml

IumlpermilEgravedividemiddotmacr )divide-middot-(

Iumldividemiddotlaquo )divide-middot-(

UgraveUacuteIumlUgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

DaggerIumlmiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlOacutehellipOacuteOcircIumlEgravebdquo


230

middotpermilAacuteIumlEuml

middotIcircIuml Oacute˜macrpermil

middotdividemiddotEgraveIumlEgrave

DaggerIumlEgraveAcirc

OacuteAcircAcircmacr

middot˜Iumlraquo

permilAacuteIumlOacutepermil OacutepermilEgravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

231

He always stays at home to guard the house

Sometimes you can detect a reflexive aspect to the form

I met him at the Hanukah party

We were met we met [each other] at the Hanukah party tenyears ago

Many common verbs have simple active meanings whentranslated into English Here is a conjugation model for this group

Root Infinitive To enter lrsquohikanes entrance knisah

The present tensenikhnas nikhneset nikhnasim nikhnasot

The past tense

nikhnaacutesnu nikhnaacutesti

nikhnastem(n) nikhnast nikhnaacutesta

nikhnesu nikhnesah nikhnas

NB The present and past tenses both add the prefix

The future tense

nikanes ekanes

tikansu tikansi tikanes

yikansu tikanes yikanes

NB The future drops the prefix of the present and the pastand uses the future tense prefixes and suffixes common to all verbgroups The here denotes lsquowersquo The context will tell you whether

is nikanes lsquowe will enterrsquo or nikhnas ndash either lsquohe entersrsquo orlsquohe enteredrsquo

IcircOgrave

IcircOgrave IcircOgrave˙ IcircOgraveEgraveIgrave IcircOgravelaquo

IcircEgraveOgravepermilIumlpermilEgraveIcircOgraveIcirc--Ograve

UgraveUacuteIuml

IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide Ugrave-sbquo-divide )UgraveUacuteIuml( Ugravesbquodivideraquo middotOacuteOgraveEgravemiddot˙ AacuteraquoIcircpermil IumlUgraveEgrave Uacutelozmacr divideEgraveIgrave

IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide Ugrave-sbquo-divide )UgraveUacuteIuml( Ugravesbquodivide˙Egrave Daggerlaquolaquo middotOacuteOgraveEgravemiddot˙ AacuteraquoIcircpermil

UgraveUacuteIuml

permilraquoDagger OacuteEgravebdquo divideDaggermacr IumldivideOacutelaquo UacuteIuml permilmiddotEgrave

DaggerAacuteraquo IcircOgraveraquo

Dagger˙IgraveOcirc IcircOgrave˙Igrave

permilIgraveOcirc IcircOgraveraquo

Dagger˙ IcircOgrave˙

permilEgraveDagger IcircOgravepermil

DaggerEgrave IcircOgrave˙Egrave

Dagger˙permil IcircOgrave˙

permilraquoDagger IcircOgrave

DaggerAacuteraquo IcircOgrave

Dagger˙IgraveOcirc IcircOgraveraquo

permilIgraveOcirc EgraveIcircOgraveraquo

Dagger˙ IcircOgraveEgrave

permilEgraveDagger IcircOgrave

DaggerEgrave DaggerIcircOgrave

Dagger˙permil EgraveIcircOgrave

permilraquoDagger EgraveEgraveIcircOgrave

232

Exercise 8

Practise forming the pattern with the verbs in brackets (usethe model above to help you) The verbs will already be familiarto you in other forms or groups (binyanim ) Note that thefirst two are in the past tense the last three in the future

Exercise 9

Shlomit and Hanan both old movie buffs have picked out a senti-mental Western from their archives for the eveningrsquos entertain-ment This is the scene they both fall for most

Cover the translation and read the story through to see if youcan understand the gist of it with the help of the new vocabularyThen put the verbs in the correct form (you can always refer tothe verb glossary at the back of the book if you need some extrahelp) When yoursquove finished you can check that yoursquove have beenreading correctly with the transliteration in the key

New vocabulary

thirsty tsame(-ah f)

white lavan (levanah f)


to approach go near lrsquohitkarev G4

grateful asir(-at f) todah

he nodded heni-a G3 permilEgraveUgraveUacuteIuml



UgraveUacuteIuml

1Oacutepermil IcircIuml permilEgraveEgraveOcirc permilDaggerbdquolaquoIgrave )divide-Dagger-(

IcircOcirc DaggermiddotIuml IcircIuml permilEgraveEgraveOcirc permilIumlmiddotOcirc )divide--permil(

Acircpermildivide˙EgraveEgravepermil permil˜Iumlpermil )sbquo-Oacute-(

2Oacutepermil )Dagger-Oacute-( middotUgravesbquoEgravedividepermil

DaggerEgrave IumlDagger EgravelaquobdquoUacute IumlDagger )divide-Dagger-( Uacutebdquo permilOgravelaquoUcirc

3DaggerIuml bdquoDaggersbquo permilIcircIuml )Ograve-Iuml-Aacute( IumlIacute

4Oacute˙Egrave permilOgraveEuml )sbquo-Oacute-(

IcircdividepermilDaggerlaquolaquo )bdquo-Iuml-(

5IcircIuml permilpermilÛacutelaquo )middot-bdquo-( AcircDaggerEcirc EgraveOcirc IumlIacute divideraquomiddotpermil

ÔacuteDagger

IumlmiddotOcirc)permil(


Iumlpermil˙˜macrmiddot )--middot(

DaggerOgraveEgrave)( laquobdquopermil

permilEgraveUacute )-raquo-Uacute(

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

233

be frightened lrsquohibahel G5

spill be poured out lrsquohishafekh G5

The white horse was tied to the tree in the courtyard and thehorsersquos owner went into the house nearby It was a hot day andthe horse standing (lit lsquowhich stoodrsquo) in the sun had not been given(lit lsquoreceivedrsquo) any water The girl knew that the horse was thirstyShe took pity on him Even though she had never ridden a horseand she was afraid of him she nevertheless decided to help himShe took care not to get too close and carefully brought the horsesome water The horse was grateful to the little girl and noddedhis head in joy The girl was frightened and all the water was spilt

Expressing regret

In the dialogue above Maya tells Peter she should have lookedafter (lit lsquoguardedrsquo) him You havealready learnt (p 185) that hayiti tsrikhah is the pasttense of lsquoI neededhad torsquo Here we see that it can alsomean lsquoI should haversquo The context will make clear which is meant

Example

They should have known that they would not come back ontime hem hayu tsrikhim larsquoda-at shersquohem lo yakhzeru barsquozman

permilIgrave permilEgraveraquo macrEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave IumlbdquoUacute dividepermilIgrave IumlDagger EgraveAacuteEcircraquo middotEcircOacuteOcirc

ˆmacrEgraveIcircpermilpermilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIcircpermil

ldquopermilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIcircpermil IumldivideOacutelaquo UacuteIumlEgraveIacuterdquo

permilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIcircpermil

UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

permilOgraveraquoOgrave permilIumlmiddotOcirc )UgraveUacuteIuml ndash˜-divide-( IumlUacuteı middotAacuteˆmacr AcircmiddotUacuteIuml permilOgraveraquoOgrave )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashIcirc--Ograve(

IumlmiddotEgrave permil˜macrlaquomiddot

Ecircpermil )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashpermil-Egrave-permil( EgravelaquoIgrave AacuteIgrave AcircpermilOgraveraquoOgrave divide )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashUacute-Oacute-bdquo( middotdivideOacutedivide IumlDagger

)UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml ndash˜-middot-Iuml( OacuteEgraveIgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquopermil )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashEgrave-bdquo-Uacute( dividepermilOgraveraquoOgrave )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashpermilEgravepermil(

ÔacuteDagger permilEgraveDagger )UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml ndash -Aacute-Igrave( UacuteIumlEgraveAcirc

IumlOacutemacrlaquo dividepermilEgraveDagger DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDagger )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashmacr-Icirc-middot( UacuteIuml OgraveraquoOgrave AcircpermilEgraveDagger

)UgraveUacuteIuml ndashUgrave-Aacute-bdquo( OacuteOacuteraquo permilEgraveDagger )permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml ndashAacute-Iuml-Euml( middotIcircIuml EcircDagger˙ IumlUacuteEcirclaquo Iumllaquo

permilEgraveDagger )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashEcirc-permil-( IumlDagger Iumlpermil˙˜macrmiddot Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave Acirc)permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml ndashmiddot-laquo-Dagger( IumlOgraveraquoOgrave

OacuteEgraveIgrave middotEcircpermilEgraveraquo permilOgraveraquoOgrave permilEgravepermil DaggerOgraveEgrave laquobdquopermil IumlEgraveIumlbdquopermil permil˜Eumlpermil AcircpermilEgraveUacute Dagger˙

permilDaggerdivide middotlozOacuteAacutepermil permilEgraveIumlbdquopermil )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashmiddot-permil-Iuml( AcircIcircIuml permilOacuteEgraveIgrave )UgraveUacuteIuml ndashdivide-Ugrave-Iacute(

IumlpermilEgravemiddotpermilIuml middot-permil-Iuml

IumlpermilEgravedivideUgraveIacute divide-Ugrave-Iacute

Exercise 10

Which of the following sentences correspond to the Hebrewversions below

1 Between you and me you are talking nonsense

2 Donrsquot speak for him he can speak for himself

3 Itrsquos no good for man to be on his own (Hebrew expression)

4 We never have anything good enough here for you

5 One never mentions Middle Eastern politics at their place

6 Whoever sits next to the plate eats So itrsquos worth your sittingnext to it

7 I donrsquot care if the money comes from him from her or fromyou - as long as you bring it tomorrow

Dialogue 3

The conversation continues Maya tries to cheer Peter up with ajoke Can you tell it in English without looking at the translationin the key and keeping as closely to the Hebrew as possible

234

DaggerDaggerÎumlIgrave IumlDagger OacuteEcircIcircEgraveEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilUgravelaquoIumlEgraveEumlEgravepermil divideIuml permilOacuteEcircAacute permil˙EgraveIcirclaquoOcirc

middotIumlDagger Eumllaquomiddot IumlpermilEgravelaquo permilDaggerbdquoIgrave Iumlmiddotbdquolaquo

sbquomiddotEgraveEgrave AcircmiddotEgraveIacute - Dagger˙permil Oacutebdquomiddotmacr divideEumlraquoEgravelaquo

bdquoOacuteEgrave divideEgravelaquodividemiddot IumlEgravebdquo permilÎumlAacute˙ DaggerlaquoIcircIuml DaggerEcirc IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave divide˙dividemiddot IumlEgravebdquopermil

permilDaggerIuml bdquomiddotmacr middotOacute˜laquoOacutelaquo - permillaquoDagger EgravelaquobdquoUacute Iumlbdquomiddotmacr middotUacuteÔacutelaquo

AcircIumlDagger DaggerIcircUgrave IumlEgrave DaggerIgrave Dagger˙Igrave OacutemiddotEgraveDaggerEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilIcircOgraveUcirc OacuteOacuteraquo OacuteOacutepermil

Daggerlaquo OacuteIcircIgrave ndashpermilUacuteEgravemacr divide˙middotEgraveDaggerraquo Dagger˙ Ecircpermil OacuteAacutemacr

EcircDaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc DaggerÎumlraquo Oacutedividepermilraquo OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave Eumllaquomiddot middotdividemiddotEgraveIumlIcircIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

235

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIumlOacutepermil macr middotdivideIumllaquodivide AcircAacuteÊgrave Dagger˙permil IumlDagger macrUacutemiddot

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave EgraveDaggermiddotlaquoOcirc permilEgravelaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave macr OacuteDagger

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgrave DaggerOgraveUgravemacr IumlIacute middotbdquoEgraveAacutepermil DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Ecircpermil EgraveUacutelozpermil IumlIacute EgraveDaggermiddotlaquoOcirc OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil

Egravelaquodividemiddot˙ middotOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil permilOacuteIumlˆmacr OacutesbquoEgravedivide IumlDaggerEgravedividepermil IumlAacute˙ Oacutemacr

permilDaggerEgravedividepermil OacuteOgrave˙IcircIuml DaggerIuml permilmiddotUacuteIuml AcircpermilraquoDagger laquoDagger IumlOacuteIumlˆmacr

permilmiddotUacuteIumlDaggerdivide˙Egrave Oacutemiddot˜divide˙ divide˙EumlUacuteIgrave OacutepermilOacutemacr

OacuteIumlˆmacrOacutepermil UgraveDaggerlaquoIgrave

permilmiddotUacuteIuml˙EumlUacuteIgrave AcircDaggerpermil

OacuteIumlˆmacrOacutepermil IumlDagger middotOgravebdquomacr UacuteIgrave permilOacutemacr permilraquoDagger OacuteIumlraquoAacute OacutebdquoEgrave IumlDagger

OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave AacuteIgrave

permilmiddotUacuteIumlIumlDagger Aacutedivideraquomiddot Oacutepermil IumlDagger middotOgravebdquomacr permilEgraveDagger Oacutemiddot˜divide˙ divide˙EumlUacuteIgrave

OacuteIumlˆmacrOacutepermil Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil OacuteOacuteEgrave Egravedivide Ecircmiddotraquomiddot middotOacutemacr Daggerlaquo Oacutepermil

permilmiddotUacuteIuml DaggerIuml divideDaggerIuml divideDaggerIumllaquo EumlUacuteIgrave AcircDaggerpermil middotUacuteÔacuteIacute

OacuteIumlˆmacrDaggermiddotIuml Ecircpermil IumlDagger Oacute˜raquomiddotIuml DaggerbdquolaquoEgrave IumlOacutepermil divideIumlDagger sbquoEgravebdquo IumlEgrave Oacutepermil IumlDagger

middotOgravebdquomacr UacuteIgrave permilOacutemacr

permilmiddotUacuteIumlOacutepermil Ecircpermil Oacutedividepermil EumlUacuteIgrave Icircmiddotmacr

OacuteIumlˆmacrEumllaquomiddot DaggerIgrave permilsbquomiddotmacr Oacute˙Uacutedividehellip Daggerlaquo EgraveEgrave DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilIcircUcirc

permilmiddotUacuteIuml AcircpermilDaggerEgravedividepermil EgraveAacutebdquo Daggerpermil permilpermilhellip

236

Vocabulary

cutlery sakum (m)(sakin kaf ursquomazleg)

hungry ra-ev (re-evah f)

appetite te-avon (m)

joke bdikhah (f)

serve(s) magish

taste (you m) tit-am

what do you mean mah pit-om(lit lsquowhat suddenlyrsquo)

fly zvuv (m)

for yourself brsquoatsmekha

acceptable mekubal well received (mekubeacutelet f)

what difference does mah zeh meshanehit make (lit lsquowhat does it changersquo)

insist(s) mit-akeacuteshet

spoon kaf (f)

See Prepositions chart on page 348 for full declension

Exercise 11

What do you say whenCircle the appropriate phrases for the following situations

New vocabulary

to success brsquohatslakhah

renew yourself titkhadesh

it doesnrsquot bother me lo ekhpat li



UgraveUacuteIuml


OgraveIcircraquoIgrave)OgraveIcircEgraveOcirc IcircUcirc AcircOacuteEcircIumlsbquo(

macrUacutemiddot )permil(

˙EgraveDaggermiddotlaquoOcirc

middotbdquoEgraveAacutepermil

OacutesbquoEgravedivide )-sbquo-divide(

˙EumlUacuteIgrave )Euml-Uacute-Igrave(

Oacutepermil UgraveDaggerlaquoIgrave

Ecircmiddotraquomiddot

middotUacuteÔacuteIacute

Oacute˜raquomiddotIuml)(

Oacutepermil Ecircpermil Oacutedividepermil

Oacute˙Uacutedivide˙ )Uacute--divide(

IcircUcirc

middotpermilÎumlAacutepermil

˙˙Aacutebdquodivide )Aacute-bdquo-divide(

IumlDagger DaggerIcircUgrave IumlEgrave

1 When you meet someone you know in the street

2 When a friend has a birthday

3 When someone sneezes

4 When your friend is wearing something new

5 When someone tells you bad news

6 When a friend has just passed their driving test

OacuteEcircIuml Eumllaquomiddot permilAacuteIumlOacutepermil OacuteIumlDaggerpermil DaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr permilEcircbdquo

IumlIacute Icircmiddotmacr Oacutepermil divideOacuteUacute DaggerEgraveIacute laquoDaggerEgraveIgrave IumlIacute middotmacrraquoIacute permilmiddotDagger11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

237

middotpermilÎumlAacutepermil Dagger˙permil OacuteˆraquoOcirc Dagger˙permil laquopermil divideDagger˜Dagger IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger IumlmiddotmacrEgraveDaggerraquo

Ecircpermil IumlDagger Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave IumlIacute ˙Aacutebdquodivide)Egrave( Aacutesbquo lozOacuteAacute IcircOacutepermil Ecircpermil UacuteIumlpermil

DaggerIuml bdquoDaggersbquo DaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr IumldivideOacutelaquoUacute Oacutepermil Ecircpermil Oacutedividepermil EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil Eumllaquomiddot

Oacutepermil UgraveDaggerlaquoIgrave IumlDagger DaggerIcircUgrave IumlEgrave IcircIuml permilIcircmiddotlaquobdquo

13Jerusalem theholy city


bull many things harbeh hamonbull how to form adjectives from verbs bull colours moods and emotionsbull expressing how you feel (adjective + )bull how to form adverbs (noun + ) bull the question marker ha-imbull something about Jerusalembull Biblical verses

Dialogue 1

Peter has been wandering around an old bookshop in Jerusalemand on his way out has a short conversation with the bookshopowner What aspects of the city do they talk about What in par-ticular has caught Peterrsquos eye

permilDaggerIgravemiddot

Iuml

permilOacutelaquoOcircpermilmacrmiddotpermil


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

239

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEcircpermil OgraveUgravemacr Icircmiddotbdquo DaggerraquoIumlEgrave DaggerAacuteEcirclaquo OacuteAacutemacr

middotUacuteIuml permilAacuteraquoIumlDagger DaggerbdquolaquoEgrave Oacutepermil UgraveDaggerlaquoIgrave DaggerEgrave EgravepermilraquobdquoEgrave bdquoEgrave DaggerÎumlEgrave Ogravesbquoraquo

middotdividemiddot˙ Dagger˙permil IumlDagger OacuteUgravepermil IcirclaquoOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIcirclaquoOcirc DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermil

middotUacuteIuml permilAacuteraquoDaggerÎumlIcircIgrave IumlDagger UacutelaquomiddotbdquoEgraveIgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave DaggerdividelaquoOcirc IcirclaquoOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlDagger middotIcircIuml Oacute˜laquoIgrave UgraveUacuteIgrave Ecircpermil permilEgravepermil IcircIcircpermil DaggermiddotIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave macrlaquomiddot

permilDaggerdivideEgraveIgrave IumlDagger dividelaquoOacutemacrEgraveIgrave UacuteIuml EgravelaquoIgrave OacuteraquoAacutepermil middotraquoUacute AcircDaggerUgravedividemacr

IumlOacuteˆlaquoDagger AacuteraquoEgravelaquo UgraveraquoAacutelaquo IcircIuml permilEcircOacuteOcirc

middotUacuteIuml permilAacuteraquoDaggerÎumlraquo permilraquosbquo DaggerAacutemacr permilOacuteraquoOgraveIumlOacuteEgraveIgrave dividelaquoOacutemacrEgraveIgrave UacuteIuml EgravelaquoIgrave

permildivideEgravedivideEgrave IcircEgravelaquoIgrave OacuteraquoAacutepermil permillaquomacrEgraveIgrave IcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc Oacutemiddot˜macrEgraveIgrave

middotIcircOgraveEgraveEgravepermil middotEgravelaquoIgrave DaggerdividelaquoOcirc Acircmiddotdividemiddot˙ IumlDagger OacuteˆDagger permilmacrmiddotpermil

Oacute˜laquoOacutelaquo UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave Ugravepermil sbquoEgraveIgrave permilmacrmiddotpermil OacuteDaggerOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave EcircDagger˙ UacuteEgrave

˜bdquolaquodividepermil IumlUgraveAacutelaquo IumlIcircIuml permilbdquolaquo permilOacutelaquolaquoDaggerEgraveOgraveEumlEgravelaquo IcircOacutelaquo

permilEgravepermilbdquoraquo permilmacrraquo AcircpermilDaggerOgraveIumlDaggerIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrmiddotDaggerOacute˙ lozOacute˙Egrave Iumlmiddot dividemacrlaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave DaggerdivideEgrave bdquo dividelaquoEgraveIgrave middotmacrAacutelaquomiddotlaquo

IcircraquoIumlIgrave IumlmiddotraquodivideEgraveIgrave middotdivideAacutelaquo AcircIumlmiddotOcirc

middotUacuteIuml permilAacuteraquoIcircOcirc DaggerdivideEgrave bdquo middotbdquomacrIacute IcircIumlIuml Oacute˙IumlmiddotdivideEgraveIgrave middotÊgraveUacuteraquo DaggermiddotIuml

IumlUgraveEgrave bdquoUacuteIacute DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlAacutedividelaquomiddot UacuteIuml EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave middotdivideAacutelaquo AcircIumlmiddotOcirc

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlOacutepermil Dagger˙permil Oacute˙IcircAcircAcircOcirc

middotUacuteIuml permilAacuteraquoUgravedivideraquoEuml permilpermilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgravepermil divideIuml EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerpermil divideDaggerdivideEgraveIgrave middotUacuteIumlEgrave

DaggerOacuteraquolaquo dividelaquolaquo macrlaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilUacuteEgrave permil˜bdquolaquodividepermil IumlpermilIgrave middotDaggerlaquo

dividelaquopermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil Dagger˙ EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave IcircUacuteEgrave divideIuml Ecircpermilmiddot IcircOacutelaquo middotdivideEgrave divideIuml

UacuteOacuteEgrave divideOacutemacr rdquoEgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave divideIuml Ecircpermilmiddot AcircdivideIuml Aacutelaquodivide˙ AcircdivideIuml

Daggerlaquohelliprdquo

Vocabulary

owner of baacute-al(-at f)

religious dati(-ah f)

closed sagur (sgurah f)

it is customary nahuga custom minhag (m)

most the majority rov (m)

rest menukhah (f)

fixed kavuacute-a (kvu-ah f)

Muslim muslemi(-t f)

many lots of harbeh

believers ma-aminim

religion dat (f)

Judaism yahadut (f)

Christianity natsrut (f)

Islam islam (m)

to notice to pay larsquosim lev attention (I noticed) (samti lev)

heart lev (levavot mpl)

the clergy anshey dat

dressed labush levushim (mpl)

modestly (brsquo)tsni-ut (f)(lit lsquowith modestyrsquo)

to what lrsquomah

belief emunah (f)

different shoneh(-ah f)

holy kadosh (kedoshah f)

light or

gold zahav (m) (also adj-ahf)

song poem shir (m)

copper nekhoacuteshet (f)

240

middotUacuteIuml)(

bdquoEgrave)permil(

Ogravesbquoraquo)permil(

permilraquosbquoOacutepermilsbquo

macrmiddot

OacuteraquoAacutepermil

˜middotraquoUacute)permil(

OacuteraquoOgraveIumlOacuteEgrave)(

permilmacrmiddotpermil

OacuteDaggerOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave

bdquo

Egravepermilbdquoraquo

macrraquo

DaggerEgraveOgraveIumlDaggerIgrave

IumllozEgraveIgrave Iumlmiddot )lozOacute˙Egrave Iumlmiddot(

Iumlmiddot )Iumlmiddotmiddotlaquo(

DaggerdivideEgrave bdquo

Iumlmiddotraquodivide)EgraveIgrave(

)middot( EgraveUacuteraquo

IumlOacutepermil

DaggerOacuteraquopermil

dividelaquopermil

˜bdquolaquodivide)permil(

Daggerlaquo

Ecircpermilmiddot

divideEgrave

Aacutelaquodivide˙

Language points

lsquoManyrsquo harbeh and hamon

These words remain unchanged whatever the gender of the pluralnoun they precede

In many places smoking is forbiddenbrsquoharbeh mekomot asur larsquoashen

Donrsquot hurry we still have plenty of timeal temaher yesh lanu od hamon zman

Forming adjectives from verbs

Many Hebrew adjectives are formed from verbs to express apassive state in a similar way to past participles in English (egto dress he was dressed)

For verbs you insert lsquoursquo between the second and thirdroot letters The vowel pattern is au

he occupied tafas ndash (it is) occupied tafus

he forbade asar ndash (it is) forbidden asur

Adjustments occur when the last letter of the root is a lsquoproblemrsquoletter

Verbs whose root ends in such as kanah ndash kanuy

Verbs whose root ends in such as yada ndash yadu-a

Verbs whose root ends in such as patakh ndash patu-akh

and verbs use the present tense prefix in front ofthe root letters whose vowel pattern becomes ua

sought asked for mevukash (mevukeacuteshet f)

spoiled broken (for machines) mekulkal(-keacutelet f)˜IumlIuml - Oacute˜raquoIumlIuml)(

middotEgravedivide - Oacutemiddotraquodivide)(UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml

OacutepermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlUgraveEgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveAacute - UgraveraquoAacuteAacute

EgravebdquoUacute - EgravebdquoraquoUacuteUacute

˜permil - raquoEgravepermil

permilraquoDagger DaggerOgravemacr - )Ecircpermil( DaggerOgraveraquo

permilraquoDagger UgraveOgrave - )Ecircpermil( UgraveraquoOgrave

raquoUgraveUacuteIuml

DaggerIuml Oacutepermilmacr Egravedivide Iumlraquo Uacutelaquobdquo permilOacutelaquoOcirc EcircOacuteOcirc

middotpermilmacrmiddotpermil Oacute˜laquoOacutelaquo DaggerOgraveraquo IumlUacutedivideOcirc


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

241

to prepare lrsquohakhinprepared ready mukhan(-ah f)

NB Just like other adjectives they agree in number and genderwith whatever they are qualifying

Exercise 1

Go back to Dialogue 1 What words are used for

a fixedset day of rest

dressed in black and white

it is customary

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences by inserting adjectives formedfrom the verbs underlined (Remember that they have to agreewith the noun they are qualifying)

Example

sagaacuterti et harsquodeacutelet kshersquoharsquodeacutelet sgurah lo shom-imI shut the door When the door is closed one canrsquot hear

New vocabulary

almost kima-t IcircOacuteUacuteEuml

Ogravesbquo˙Egrave Dagger˙ permilbdquoIuml IcircdividepermilbdquoIuml Ogravesbquoraquopermil IumlDagger dividelaquoOacuteUacuteEgraveIgrave

OacuteraquoIcircOcirc)permil(IumlpermilIcircEgraveOcirc )Icirc-Acirc-Ocirc(permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml

242

1divideOacutemacrEgraveIumlIcircIgrave IcircOgraveDaggerlaquo permilIcircOgraveDaggerlaquo permilDaggerIumlpermil ______

2permilIgrave IumlDagger UgravelaquoAacuteEgraveIgravemiddotdividemiddot˙ sbquoIgrave middotAacutesbquoEgraveIgrave IumlDagger ______ DaggerÎumlIgrave

3permilEgraveDagger Iumllaquomiddotdivide˙middotsbquobdquoEgraveIgrave middotpermilEgraveEgraveIgrave permilEgraveDagger IcircOacuteUacuteEuml OacuteEgravebdquo ______ middotIumlmiddotOcirc

4Dagger˙Igrave EgravelaquobdquoUacuteEgraveIgravedivideEgravedivide divideEgraveraquoEgrave middotUgravesbquoEgravedividepermil IcircOcirc Ecircpermil ______ Iumlraquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

243

Exercise 3

a In previous units you have learnt several words that have allcome from the root Can you remember what they areThere is also one in the dialogue above Which is it You canadd the word for lsquocustomrsquo to your list ndash minhag (m)

b When you next say lsquoAmenrsquo will you remember the root theHebrew words for lsquobelieverrsquo and lsquobeliefrsquo What are they

Exercise 4

These guests wonrsquot be asked to stay again What went wrongRead the note they left their hosts filling in the gaps with theappropriate adjectives formed from the verb roots in brackets

New vocabulary

light lamp menorah (f)

glass zkhukhit (f)

to look after lersquotapel + brsquohellip

Exercise 5

How would you say the following(Remember you can always use the glossary to help you withvocabulary you may have forgotten)

1 I called you all day but you were engaged

2 He never has time He is always busy DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave DaggerEgraveOcirchellip

ÎumlÎumlEgrave DaggerIumlEgraveIacutehellip


Oacutepermilsbquo

-permil-sbquo

Oacutelaquopermil

EcircIcircraquoIcircEgrave

IumlEumlUgraveIuml middothellip

DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteÊumlUacutemacrEgraveIgrave permilEgravepermil Iumlraquo Daggerraquopermil Eumlpermil OacuteˆDaggerraquo OacuteEgravedividepermilraquo

divide )Icirc-Acirc-Ocirc( IumlÕcirc Dagger˙ permilOacutelaquopermil permil)divide-middot-( OacuteOgraveUgravemacr permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc )Icirc--middot(

UacuteIuml permilOacute˜macrmacr Ecircpermil macrpermil IcircdivideIcircmiddotmacr permilEgraveEgraveraquo )Icirc-Acirc-Ocirc( IumlIumlIcirc DaggerEcirc IumlDagger permilEgravepermil Iumlraquo

EcircOacuteOcirc IumlEumlUgraveIuml middotEcircpermil permilDaggerEgravedivide DaggerOacutemacr divideEcircpermil )Aacute-divide-middot( IumlEumlIumlUgraveOcirc IumlUgraveEgrave divideDagger˙Igrave

middotDaggerEgraveIgrave middotDaggerOacute˙ AacutemiddotIuml dividepermilOacutelaquopermil permilEgravepermil )Uacute-loz-permil( OacuteEcircIcircraquoIcircEgrave divideraquomiddot laquobdquopermil

macrmiddotpermil Iumlpermil˙Daggerlaquo middot˜macrlaquomiddothellip

3 It is known that the temperature in Eilat is higher than in TelAviv

4 The video is not out of order I will show you how to turn it on (light it )

5 She is so confused she will not remember to tell him to fill upwith petrol

Colours tseva-im

red adom adumah

green yarok yerukah

orange katom ktumah

pink varod vrudah

lilac segol sgulah

blue kakhol k-khulah

yellow tsahov tsehubah

white lavan levanah

black shakhor shkhorah

brown khum khumah

Exercise 6

ˆmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave

permilEgraveDagger IcircIuml IcircIacutehellip

bdquo-Iuml-permilAcircEgravebdquoDaggerlaquo IumlDaggerhellip

Ecircpermilhellip

244

DaggerbdquolaquoIgraveDaggerbdquoraquoOacutepermil

EgravelaquoEgraveraquopermil

IcirclaquoIgraveIcircraquoOacutepermil

AcirclaquobdquoAcircraquobdquopermil

OgravesbquolaquoIumlOgravesbquoraquoIumlpermil

IcircAacutelaquoIumlIcircAacuteraquoIumlpermil

ˆpermillaquomiddotpermilraquoradicpermil

IumlmiddotOcircIumlmiddotpermil

divideAacutelaquodivideAacutelaquopermil

AacuteraquoIgraveAacuteraquoOacutepermil

Look at the pictures of the flags on page 244 and answer thefollowing questions Answer in full sentences

Example

tseacuteva harsquosheacutemesh barsquodeacutegel harsquoyapaacuteni huhellip

Exercise 7

Colours are traditionally associated with emotions how we feel isoften reflected in the colour of our clothes and is picked out inaspects of our surroundings With this in mind can you insert theappropriate colour in the following sentences

New vocabulary

jealousy envy kin-ah (f)

sorrow tsaacute-ar (m)

sadness eacutetsev (m)

sad atsuv(-ah f)

happiness simkhah (f)

mood matsav ruacute-akh (m)

bad ra (ra-ah f)

to blush lrsquohasmik

ˆmiddotUacute permildivideOacutedivide middotbdquosbquoIuml permilEgraveUgraveEgrave permilraquoDaggerhellip

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

245

1middotDaggerEgraveEcircpermil middotUacute permildivideOacutedivide middotbdquosbquoIuml permilEgraveUgraveEgrave

2DaggerEgraveEcircpermil middotUacute Egravedivide IumlOacutesbquoOcirc bdquoAcircEgravebdquo middotbdquosbquoIuml permilEgravelozDaggerIumlEgrave OacutesbquoOcirc bdquoAcircEgravebdquohellip

3Oacutepermil middotUacute permilUgraveOgrave permilDaggerdividelaquoOcirc OacutelozOacuteDaggerIuml middotbdquosbquoIuml permilDaggerEgraveEumlIumlEgrave

4Oacutepermil middotUacute permilIcirclaquoIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave middotbdquosbquoIuml permilDaggerOacutemacrEgraveDaggerEgrave

5Oacutepermil Ogravebdquomacr permilˆmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave divideIuml permilUgraveOgraveEgraveIgrave middotbdquosbquoIuml permilmiddotIumlsbquoEgrave (order seacuteder)

(stars kokhavim)

(stripe pas)

˜Daggerpermil

Ûacutemacr

Uacuteˆmiddot

Uacuteˆraquomiddot)permil(

lozOacuteAacutepermil

Oacuteˆmiddot macrraquoAacute

macrUacute)permil(

IumlpermilOgraveOacuteEgrave )Ograve-Oacute-( permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml

1permilraquoDagger permilEgravepermil _____ Oacute˜Daggerpermil IcircdividepermilraquoDagger Daggerpermil Dagger˙ permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquo permilAacutebdquodivide divideIumlEgrave

2Dagger˙ OacuteDaggerbdquo AacuteOacutebdquopermil IcircdivideDagger˙ OacuteOgraveOacuteEgravepermil permilpermil permilUgraveEgraveIgrave divideIumlIacute

divideraquomiddot _____

Adverbs

As we have noted before the masculine singular of a fair numberof adjectives is also used as an adverb describing lsquothe manner inwhichrsquo


They simply donrsquot want to go hem pashut lo rotsim larsquoleacutekhet

When the emphasis is on the way an action is carried out morethan on the person carrying it out the adverb can be preceded bythe words lsquoin the manner ofrsquo

brsquoofen (m)

or brsquotsurah (f)

He is a very good teacher because he explains clearly in aclear way hu moreh me-od tov ki hu masbir harsquokol brsquooacutefen bahirbrsquotsurahbehirah

Another way to form adverbs is to add the preposition lsquoinwithrsquo + the relevant noun

He explains simply (lit lsquowith simplicityrsquo) brsquopashtutpermilraquoDagger OacuteOgravemiddotEgrave middotUgravedivideEumlraquo

middot

middotˆraquopermil

middotDaggerlaquoUgraveOcirc



246

3_____ Ecircpermil permilˆmiddotUacute divideIuml permildivideOacutedivide AcircsbquoIgrave Eumllaquomiddot IumlAacutebdquomacrEgrave EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave Ecircpermil middotUacute

divideIuml lozOacuteAacutepermil

4UacuteIuml DaggerEgraveEcircpermil middotUacute AacutelaquodividemiddotEgraveIgrave permilDaggersbquoIumlEgraveIgrave IcircdividepermilIgrave DaggerlaquoOacutemacrEgraveIgrave Egravedivide IumlEgrave Oacuteˆmiddot

macrraquoAacute macrUacute _____

5DaggerEgrave Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ middotUacute _____ IumlOacutemacrlaquo divideEcircpermil sbquoIgrave permilˆmiddotUacute divideIuml bdquoIgrave

6permilEgravelaquoIgrave IumlDagger IcircIuml permilIcircIumllaquo Iumllaquomiddotdividelaquo _____ middotAacute˙raquopermil Acirc _____ Ecircpermil IumlDagger

macr middotUacute divideIuml Uacutemacr

permilraquoDagger Oacutelaquopermil OacuteDaggerbdquo Eumllaquomiddot IcircEgrave permilraquoDagger OacuteOgravemiddotEgrave middotDaggerlaquoUgraveOcirc middotpermilEgrave middotˆraquopermil middotpermilEgravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

247

Exercise 8

Match the Hebrew to the English equivalent in the following exer-cise You will find that you have come across all these words insome form already whether as a verb noun or adjective here theyare adverbs but with a little imagination you will easily recognizethe root letters (Check with the transliteration in the key for thecorrect pronunciation)

in jest

seriously

happily

sadly

easily

with difficulty hardly

carefully

decisively

fast

slowly

with interest

inwith modesty

Exercise 9

Only one of the sentences in this exercise makes sense as it standsWhich one is it The others seem to be using inappropriate adverbsCan you redistribute the adverbs to make sense of the sentences

New vocabulary

album albom (m)

built up banuy (bnuyah f)

situation matsav (m)

girl bakhurah (f)

middot˜laquodivideEgrave

middotpermilAacuteIumlEumlEgraveraquo

middotÊgraveUacuteraquo

middotlozOacuteAacutepermil

middotDaggerEgraveEumlEgraveraquo


middot˜Iumlraquo

middotmacrÊgraveraquo

middotOacutepermilEgraveraquo

middotÂacutelaquo

middotUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc

middotUacuteˆmiddot

DaggerIumlradiclaquoIgrave

middotraquoEgrave)permil(

Oacuteˆmiddot

middotAacuteraquopermil

Dialogue 2

A little while later Peter and Maya are having lunch in the centreof town when who should turn up

248

1DaggerIuml divide˙permil Dagger˙ permil˙permil permilAacuteIgrave middotDaggerEgraveEumlEgraveraquo

2permilIgrave permilOgrave˙IcircIumlraquo middotUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc macrmiddot middot˙Oacuteraquolaquo dividemiddotDaggerIumlmiddotlaquoIgrave

3IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave divide˙permilsbquo middotOacutepermilEgraveraquo Ecircpermil DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo middotraquoEgrave AcircEgravedivide Ugravepermil permilmacrmiddotpermil EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave

4middot˜Iumlraquo AacuteEcirc˙Egrave OacuteAacuteraquordquoIuml AcircOacuteEgravebdquo permilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIacute IumlOgravelaquoUacute divideraquomiddot

5permilEgraveDagger DaggerOacutemacrpermil middotlozOacuteAacutepermil divideEgravedivide Iumlpermil middotUacuteEgravelaquo middotmacrEgraveDaggerraquo

6DaggerEgrave Oacutebdquomiddotmacr middotÂacutelaquo permilOacuteˆmiddot OacuteOgraveraquoIcircOcirc

7permilEgraveDagger middotAacuteraquopermil OacuteDaggerbdquo DaggerEgraveEumlIumlEgravesbquoEumlEgrave permilEgraveDagger Uacutelaquolozpermil permilIcircIuml middot˜laquodivideEgrave

DaggerEgraveIumlOacuteDaggerEgravepermil DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo permilUgraveUacutepermil Oacutepermil Dagger˙ Uacutelaquolozpermil Ugravepermil

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgraveEgraveIuml DaggerEgraveEcircpermil EgravelaquoUgraveEgrave OacuteEcircOacuteOcirc IumlDagger DaggerEgraveEgrave DaggerlaquoIacute Dagger˙ DaggerEgrave

permilbdquomacr UgraveEgraveEumlmacr EcircDagger˙ DaggerEgraveEgraveIuml Aacutemiddotmacrpermil Eumllaquomiddotpermil divideIumlEgrave

OacutepermilDaggerraquoEgravemiddotOgraveEgraveEumlpermil UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoIgrave UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave DaggerAacuteraquo

OacuteOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddotEgraveIgrave middotDaggermacrı AcircDaggerEgrave OacuteÃcircAcircpermil dividepermilraquoDagger Oacute˙divideIgrave IumlEumllaquomiddotpermil

DaggerEgraveEgraveIumlUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo Oacutepermil Icirclaquomiddot UacuteIumlEgraveraquo UgraveEgraveEumlmacr

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDagger˙ permilDaggerOacute˙ IcircOacuteraquomiddotOcirc

DaggerEgraveEgraveIumlmiddotIumlEgrave OgraveUgrave OacuteDaggerEgravepermil permilDaggerIgrave Dagger˙ Uacutelaquobdquo Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo middotrsquoOacuteUacutemacrEgravemiddotrsquo

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIumlDagger permilAacuteIumlUgraveEgrave Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil DaggerEgrave middotrsquolaquoIuml EgravelozDaggerIumlrsquo AcircOacutepermil DaggerEgraveIacute

Dagger˙ middotEumlAacute middotbdquomacrIacute IumlpermilEgravelaquo Daggerdivide permilOacuteOacutedivideIumlpermil permilIcircEgrave UacuteEgravepermil middotOacuteEcircAacute

permil˙EgraveIcirclaquoOcirc

DaggerEgraveEgraveIuml˙˙UgraveIumlDaggerEgrave DaggerraquoIumlEgrave ˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddotEgrave DaggermiddotIuml Icircmiddotmacr dividemiddotmacr IumlEgrave

OacutepermilUgravelaquoIumlEgraveEumlEgravepermil DaggerEgrave UgraveOgraveEgraveIcirclaquoIumllaquosbquoEgrave middotOacuteAacuteIuml˙ permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave

middotpermilbdquoOgravepermil

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgrave IumlDagger OacuteDaggerraquoIcircEcircmiddot˙ DaggerEgrave bdquoAcircAcircDagger OacuteUacutemacrEgraveIcircpermil DaggerlaquoIacute sbquoIgrave IcircIcircpermil Dagger˙

EgraveIcirclaquoIumlpermil IumlpermilÊgraveIuml Dagger˙ permilUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

(To Ayeacutelet)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

249

ma-ariv Ma-ariv one of Israelrsquos evening paperskol yisrael The Voice of Israel a prime radio stationhadaacutesah Hadassah ndash major Jerusalem hospital on two sitesOn Har Hatsofim (Mount Scopus) and Eyn Keacuterem

Vocabulary

look(s) (lit lsquois seenrsquo f) nir-et

wandering around mistovevim

is impressed mitrashem

for the better lrsquotovah

doubt safek (m)

are you ha-im(question marker)

prime minister rosh memshalah

the Middle East harsquomizrakh harsquotikhon

Irsquom fed up nishbar li

department makhlakah department of makhleacuteket (f)

will be disappointed tit-akhzev disappointed me-ukhzav (-zeacutevet f)

appreciate(s) ma-arikh

satisfied pleased (with) merutseh(-ah f) mirsquohellip

agree maskim

to change lrsquoshanot UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml






UgraveUacuteIuml

UacuteEgraveOcirc IcircIgrave

permilmacr permilˆlaquoUgraveEgraveIgrave

permilbdquoOgravepermil

rsquolaquoIuml EgravelozDaggerIumlrsquo

rsquoOacuteUacutemacrEgravemiddotrsquo

DaggerEgraveEgraveIumlAcircDagger˙ Dagger˙ Oacutemacrraquopermil OacutepermilUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil Oacutepermil UacuteIgrave permilDaggerEgravebdquoDaggerIumlEgraveIgrave divideIumlIacute

UacuteEcircmiddot˙ Dagger˙ permil˜Egravemiddotraquoı IumlsbquoOacutemacrEgrave

OacuteDaggerEgravepermilIumlDagger DaggerEgrave UacutebdquoEgraveEgraveOcirc Aacutemiddotmacr Egravemiddotraquoı AcircmiddotIcircIumlIuml OacuteEgrave DaggerlaquoOacutemacr

divideIumlUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc DaggerEgravebdquoDaggerIumlEgraveIgrave

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermil divideDaggerEgrave Oacute˙Uacutemacrmiddot DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave OacuteOgraveIcircEgraveIgrave divideDaggerrsquo sbquoIgrave

IumlUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave Egravedivide DaggerEgravebdquoDaggerIumlEgraveIgrave Acircmiddotrsquo sbquoIgrave permilIgrave EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave Iumldividelaquo Dagger˙

permilUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

DaggerEgrave )-Dagger-permil(

OacuteOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddotEgraveIgrave )Ograve-middot-middot(

Oacute˙divideIgrave )-divide-Igrave(

IumlEumllaquomiddotpermil

OgraveUgrave

permilDaggerIgrave

Daggerdivide OacuteOacutedivideIumlpermil

permilOacuteEcircAacute permil˙EgraveIcirclaquoOcirc

dividemiddotmacr IumlEgrave

OacuteAacuteIumlpermil )OacuteAacuteIuml˙(

˙˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddot Icirc-Ecirc-middotOacuteDaggerraquoIcircEcircmiddot)(

OacuteUacutemacrEgraveIacute )Uacute--Iacute(

Oacutemacrraquopermil )Oacutehellip(

OacuteOgraveIcircEgraveIgrave )Ograve-Icirc-Igrave(

Iumldividelaquo )divide--permil(

Exercise 10

Find the words to complete the sentences so that they reflect thedialogue above (The list below will help you)

Example

ayeacutelet khosheacutevet shersquomaya nir-et nehedarAyelet thinks that Maya looks wonderful

Language points

The question marker harsquoim

We have already seen that questions are most often indicated bytone of voice but they can also be indicated by harsquoim placedat the beginning of the question is not translated intoEnglish

Do you like chocolate (harsquoim) at oheacutevet shoacutekolad Dagger˙ Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ laquolaquoIumlbdquo = permilDaggerIgrave Dagger˙ Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ laquolaquoIumlbdquo

permilDaggerIgravepermilDaggerIgrave

permilDaggerIgrave

1DaggerEgraveEgraveIuml Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ divideOacuteDaggerEgravepermil DaggerEgrave permilbdquomacr

250

1DaggerEgraveEgraveIuml Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ divideOacuteDaggerEgravepermil DaggerEgrave ______

2OacuteDaggerEgravepermil OacuteÃcircAcircpermil divideUgraveEgraveEumlmacr ______ IumlEumllaquomiddotpermil OacutepermilmiddotEgraveraquo middotDaggermacrı

3UgraveEgraveEumlmacr ______ IumlIcirclaquomiddot Dagger˙ permilDaggerOacute˙

4OacuteDaggerEgravepermil ______ Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil permilEgraveDagger Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo middotrsquolaquoIuml EgravelozDaggerIumlrsquo

5DaggerEgraveEgraveIuml OacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUgravepermil IumlpermilEgravelaquo UgraveOgraveEgraveIcirclaquoIumllaquosbquoEgrave ______ dividedividemiddotmacr Iumlpermil

OacutepermilUgravelaquoIumlEgraveEumlEgravepermil

6OacuteDaggerEgravepermil ______ Daggerlaquopermil permilEgraveDagger Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ dividesbquoIgrave IcircIacute DaggerUgravedividemacr ______

Dagger˙ permilUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

7OacuteDaggerEgravepermil ______ divideIumlUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave Egravedivide DaggerEgravebdquoDaggerIumlEgraveIgrave

OacutemiddotEumlEgraveAacute permilAacuteIumlEgraveUgravepermil OacuteUgraveEgrave permilbdquomacr OacuteOgraveIcircEgraveOacutepermil divide OacuteUacutemacrEgraveIcircpermil

IumlpermilÊgraveIumlIumldividelaquo AacutelaquodividemiddotEgrave Oacute˙divideIgrave

Exercise 11

If you had the opportunity to interview Maya and Ayelet whatquestions might you ask Here are some suggestions ndash use to ask them

1 Have you already met the Prime Minister

2 Are you working in the ear nose and throat department

3 Are you happy (satisfied) with life in Jerusalem

4 Are you disappointed with the kibbutz

Expressing how you feel

A very common way of describing the way you feel or what youare experiencing is to use an adjective or passive verb + andpronoun endings

Examples

I am fed up nim-as li nishbar li

Are you cold kar lekhalakh

I am missinghellip khaser li

Itrsquos difficult for him Hersquos finding it difficult kashe lo

Exercise 12

Using phrases from each of the columns make as many sentencesas you can (Various combinations are possible See our sugges-tions in the key)

Example

Irsquom never wanting for guests af paacute-am lo khaserim li orkhim

Note how agrees with the subject of the Hebrew sentence

NBThe double negative is used with lsquoneverrsquo af paacute-am DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave

AacuteOgravemacrEgraveIgrave

DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDagger AacuteOgravemacrEgraveIgrave IumlEgrave DaggerlaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave

˜dividepermil Iumllaquo

AacuteOgravemacr IumlEgrave

˜macr IumlIacute

dividemiddotmacr IumlEgraveOacuteDaggerOgrave IumlEgrave

Iuml

permilDaggerIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

251

Irsquove never heard music like that

(not)

(not yet)

(no longer)

(never)

Exercise 13

What do these verbs have in common (Pay attention to verbgroups and tenses)


You are in Jerusalem and want some information about varioushistoric sights The English-language leaflets seem to have run outGo on pick up a Hebrew version you may well be able to get afeel for the general meaning and understand a few facts even ifyou donrsquot understand every word

Read the descriptions first to see what you can understand Thenlook at the questions below they might prompt you to recognizemore words

DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDaggerdivideOacuteUacuteEgrave OacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermil IcircEcircDagger˙

252

Iumlmiddot˜macr DaggerÎumlIgrave middotIumlEgrave permilEcircOacutepermil

middotIumlEgrave macrIcircmiddot OacutedivideIumllaquo

Iumldividemiddot˙ middotmiddotEgrave

Iumlsbquoraquo middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

OacutepermilmacrUacutedivide

Oacutepermil˜Egraveı permilEgravelozDaggerIumlEgrave

OacutepermilAacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave divideIumllaquo

middotIumlEgrave OacuteUacuteEgraveIuml

UacuteEgraveIgrave

laquoAacute

Eumllaquomiddot

dividemiddotmacr

OacuteDaggerOgrave

IumlDagger macr

˜macr

˜˘permil

IumlDagger

Uacutelaquobdquo IumlDagger

Icircmiddotmacr IumlDagger

DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDagger

IumlEgrave

IumlIcircIgrave

IumlpermilIgrave

Iumlraquo

IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger permilEcircpermil

IumlIacute

IumlDaggerOacuteDagger divideIumlEgrave

1AacuteEgraveUgraveloz˙Egrave EumlEgraveEgraveIumlEgrave middotEgravemacrIgrave EgraveIumlOacutepermil

2˙˜raquoOacuteEgrave Daggermacrraquoı lozEgraveOacuteraquo EgravemiddotlaquoDaggerraquo

3˙˙Iumlmiddotdivideraquo ˙UgraveIumlDaggerEgrave ˙divideIgrave EgraveDaggerIcircEcircmiddot

4permilOgravemiddotmacrEgrave OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEumlEgraveIgrave permilOgraveIcircOacuteraquo sbquoEgraveUacute

New vocabulary

tower migdal (m)

king (queen) meacutelekh (malkah)

national le-umi(-t f)

state country medinah (f)

to sacrifice lrsquohakriv

the Temple beyt harsquomikdash

wall kir (m)

Holocaust sho-ah (f)

research mekhkar (m)

documentation ti-ud (m)

avenue sderah (f)

mosque misgad (m)

last akharon(-ah f)

cross tslav (m)

inside brsquotokh

grave keacutever (m)


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

253

OacutesbquobdquoIuml

OacuteIumlIacute)Icircpermil(

IumlDaggerraquoOacuteEgrave)(

OacutebdquoEgravepermil

Iumlpermil˜macrEgravemiddot )--middot(

middotEgrave permilOacute˜bdquodivide

˜Egrave

dividelaquoDaggerpermil

OacuteAacute˜macr

˙EgraveUacuteraquobdquo

lozbdquomacrpermil

OacuteOgravesbquobdquo

DaggerAacutemacrlaquoOcirc)permil(

Îumlmiddot

middot˙laquoIacute

˜middotmacr

EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave

DaggerOacutesbquobdquoIuml bdquoAcircEgravebdquo IumlUgraveEgrave 0003 dividepermil bdquoAcircEgravebdquo permilOacuteIumlIacute Uacutelozpermil Dagger˙ EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave

IumlOacutemacrIcircEcirc IumlDaggerraquoOacuteEgrave AcircbdquoEgrave divideIuml UacuteIgrave EgravelozDaggerIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave permilOacutesbquobdquoIuml permilraquoDagger OacuteraquoEcircEgraveDaggerlaquoOcirc

divideOacuteOgravemiddotEgrave Dagger˙ permilpermilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgravepermil divideIuml EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave bdquomacrIacute ˜raquoUgravelaquo permildivideIumlEumllaquoOcirc

permildividelaquolaquo

middotpermilIcircOgrave˙ permilAtildenotmacrAtildeIumlŒOacuteEuml divideIuml OacutebdquoEgrave EgravelozDaggerIuml middotEgravelozDaggerIuml Egravedivide 021 AacutemiddotmacrEgrave

IcircOgrave˙ EgravepermilraquobdquoEgraveIgrave UacutemacrmiddotEgraveIgrave AcircbdquomacrraquoEcircEgraveIgrave

sbquopermilIcirclaquoIuml permilOacuteUacutemacrmiddotEgrave OacuteˆDagger UacuteIuml permilmacr permilOacutelaquoEgravepermil divideDagger middotEgravelozDaggerIuml - permilmacr

permilmiddotEgrave permilEgravepermilraquobdquoEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave dividedivideIgrave DaggermiddotmacrpermilIgrave UacuteOacutebdquo Iumlpermil˜macrEgravemiddot Dagger˙

EgraveAacute˜ Igrave middotpermil permilOacuteIumlIacute divideIumlOacutepermil Dagger˙ middotEgrave permilOacute˜bdquodivide permilDagger˘laquoOcirc AcircpermilOacuteIumlIacute

permillaquobdquoraquoOgrave Dagger˙ middotEgrave permilOacute˜bdquodivide permildivideEgrave OacuteEcircpermil divideDaggermacr permilEgravelaquoIgrave macr permilIcirclaquoIuml

)permil˜Egrave( permilOacuteUacutemacrmiddotEgrave

Exercise 14

Answer the questions

1 Where can you learn about the history of Jerusalem

2 What is the name of the Israeli parliament How manymembers does it have

3 Where did King Solomon build the First Temple

4 What other famous sites holy to the Muslims are on thesame mount

5 What is the Wailing Wall called in Hebrew and why

6 What is the Holocaust Museum in Jerusalem called

7 Which paragraph refers to Jesusrsquo last journey

8 What is the Hebrew name for the Church of the HolySepulchre

9 On what spot do Christians believe the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built

254

bdquoEgravebdquo AcircdivideIgrave permilOacuteraquoEcircEgraveDaggerlaquoOcirc IumlEcircIcircmacr permildividelaquoDaggerpermil middotOacute˜laquoIgrave OacuteˆDagger sbquoIgrave permilDaggermacrIcircEgravelaquoOcirc

IumlOacuteAacute˜macr AcircEgraveUacuteraquobdquo AcircsbquoIgrave lozbdquomacr permilUacuteÊgraveIgrave IumlEcircIcircmacr AacuteOgraveEgravebdquoEgrave DaggerraquoOacutelaquo permilUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

permildivideIgrave middotDagger OacuteEgravedivideUacuteEgravepermil rdquoAcirc5

permilOacuteOgravesbquobdquo IcircEgraveUgrave permilOgraveIumlUacute Ecircpermil permilOacuteOgravesbquobdquo UacuteIgrave IcircEgraveUgrave permilEcircpermilmiddot permilOacuteUgraveraquoOgraveOacute˙

dividemacrlaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave OacuteEgravebdquo middot˙Oacuteraquolaquo divideIuml EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave Oacute˜laquoIgrave bdquolaquodivide IumlOacuteraquoOgraveIumlOacuteEgraveIgrave

sbquoIgrave permilraquoDagger OacuteˆDagger UacuteIuml permilmacr permilmiddotEgrave permilOacuteOgravesbquobdquo permilAacutedivideraquomiddot permildivideEgrave Dagger OacuteOgravesbquobdquo

DaggerIuml-Dagger˜ˆpermil

AcircAcircAcircEgravepermil bdquolaquoIumllaquolaquoEcircpermil - permilbdquomacrIacute permilDaggerAacutemacrlaquopermil dividemiddotpermil Egravedivideraquo permilIumlIacute UacuteIgrave permilÎumlmiddot

middotbdquomacrIacute permilraquoDagger Uacuteˆmacr OacuteOgraveUgravemacr UgraveUacuteOacuteEgraveIgrave

EcircIcircOgraveEgraveEgrave permil˜middotmacr permil˜bdquolaquodivide Daggerlaquopermil middotpermil permil˜EgraveOgravemacr laquoŸOgraveAtildeEumlœEumlEgraveOcirc middot˙˜raquoUgravepermil

permilmiddotEgraveEcircEumlEgrave permillaquomacrEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave dividepermilraquoDagger middotpermil Dagger˙ permilIcircOgraveEgraveEgravepermil middotOacute˜laquoIgrave

middotlaquo Egravedivideraquo Iumlmiddot

(Isaiah 565)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

255

Exercise 15

Jerusalem goes from hand to hand - This time chart will give you an idea of Jerusalemrsquos history Readthe Hebrew (transliteration in key) and fill in the missing wordsin the English

Note how the dates begin in BCE lsquobefore the countingrsquo lifneyharsquosfirah and end CE lsquoafter the countingrsquo akhareyharsquosfirah (or larsquosfirah )

BCE Kingdom of David Jerusalem 1010 ndash 970________of Judah

_______ of Solomon 970 ndash 930The ___ ______ is built 965

Nebuchadnezzar king of 586_______ conquers Judah Destruction of the First Temple

Babylonian exile 586ndash539

Return to ______ Second 538Temple period

_______ period Judah 63becomes a Roman _______

CE Destruction of the _______ 70Temple by _______

________ period 326ndash614Emperor _________

_________ rule 10thndash11th cent

Mameluk _______ c12thndash15th cent

________ Empire c15th cent

________ rule 1917ndash1948Mandate from 1922

Jerusalem divided ____ 1948ndash1967Israel and Jordan

________ united under 1967Israeli rule

IumlOgraveUgraveEgravepermil

IumlUgraveEgrave permilOgraveUgraveEgravepermil

IumlOgraveUgraveEgravepermilDaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilOgraveUgraveEgravepermilIumlUgraveEgrave permilOgraveUgraveEgravepermil

EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave Uacutemiddotmacrpermil OacuteEgravebdquo IumlEgravebdquo

OacuteIumlIcircraquo bdquoAcircbdquo - EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave middotEgrave˙ Egravepermilraquobdquopermil

OacuteIumlIcircraquo divideIumlOacutepermil middotEgrave permilOacute˜bdquodivide permilDaggerdividelaquoOcirc middotpermil

middotraquoIcircbdquomacr OacuteIumlIacute middotmiddotIuml Icirclaquomiddotdivide Dagger˙ EgravepermilraquobdquopermilAacuteraquomiddotOcirc middotEgrave permilOacute˜bdquodivide permilDaggerdividelaquoOcirc

sbquoIumlraquo middotmiddotIuml

divideEgravemiddot˙ EgravelaquoOcirc ˙˜raquoUgrave middotEgrave divideEgrave

permil˙˜raquoUgravepermil permilmacrlaquoOacuteDaggerEgrave Egravepermilraquobdquopermil permillaquoUgraveIcirc IumlUgravemacrlaquomiddotEgraveEgravepermil macrlaquoOacuteEgrave

AacuteraquomiddotOcirc middotEgrave permilOacute˜bdquodivide permildivideEgraveUacuteIuml EgravebdquoEgrave EumlEgraveEumlraquoOgrave

permil˙˜raquoUgravepermil permilmiddotEgraveEcircEumlEgrave -permil˜EgraveOgravemacr laquoOgraveEumlEumlEgraveOcirc

permildivideIumlEumllaquoOcirc permilÎumlmiddotEgrave

permildivideIumlEumllaquoOcirc permilOacuteOacuteIumlraquoEgrave

permilDaggerOacuteUgravemacrEgravepermil permilUacutelaquolaquoOacuteEgrave

permildivideIumlEumllaquoOcirc permilmiddotmacrEgraveEumlEgravepermilOacutebdquoEuml permilmiddotmacrEgraveEumlEgrave Oacute 2291

EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave OacuteAacuteraquoIuml˙ middotEgraveOcirc EgravelozDaggerIuml AcircEgravebdquoOcirc

EgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerraquoAacutebdquo Aacute˙ divideIumlEumllaquoOcirc EgravelozDaggerIumlEgrave

256

Exercise 16

Biblical verses

Modern and biblical Hebrew are very closely connected Here area few quotes from the Hebrew Bible Can you recognize themeven though most of the vocabulary may be unfamiliar Try pickingout some key words or word roots to help you match the verseswith the translations below (Some of the new words will be in theglossary should you wish to look more closely at the Hebrew)

We have added vowel signs since this is the form which you arelikely to find in a Bible although it is worth noting that the actualTorah scrolls are handwritten in unpointed Hebrew The Bible inHebrew is the tanakh ndash an acronym for Torah (law) torah

prophets nevi-im and writingsscriptures ktuvim

(This exercise will also give you an opportunity to see if you stillremember the vowel signs We have given a transliteration in theanswers section since there are a few cases where biblical andmodern Hebrew differ in the pronunciation of vowels)

(Genesis 11 brsquoreyshit

(Isaiah 24 yishayah

(Psalm 1371 tehilim

(Ecclesiastes 19 koheacutelet


IcircraquomiddotEgraveIgravemiddotEgraveDaggerEgraveIgrave˙laquopermil

˙rdquoIacute

1ŸradicOtildeDaggerœdivideEgrave firadicfiDagger ŒDaggerIumlœpermilEgraveIgrave OtildeDagger˙ AtildepermilfidivideAtildeOacuteœEgraveIgrave ŸAcircOtildeDagger˙ fipermilfiDaggerŒı

)ŸradicDaggerdivideEgrave Dagger1

2hellipIumlDagger œEgravefilozDagger sbquolaquoEgrave ŒDaggerIuml sbquolaquoEgrave ŒAacuteŒmiddot ŸAcircIumlDagger œEgraveŸIumlŸOacutebdquoraquo Uacutelaquobdquo œOacuteŸIumlfiAacutefiOacutepermil

)EgravedivideUacuteEgravepermil middot4

3AtildeUacuteIuml Atildefraslpermilmacrlaquo firadicŒmiddotIuml fiIgrave fiEgraveAtildedivideŸmiddotraquo AtildesbquoIgrave-firadicœIcircEgraveraquo ŸradicfiEcircŸIcircOtilderaquo ŒDagger˙ œEgravelaquoOcirc

)permilIumlEgraveIgrave IumlEcirc1

4AtildeOacutepermil-dividefipermilfiEgravepermil permilraquoDagger ŒdivideœEgraveŸpermilŒEgravepermil raquoAtildeOacutepermil-ŒdivideAtildefraslUacutefilozpermil permilraquoDagger ŒdivideOtildeEgravefiUacuteŒlozpermil

ŸAcircOtildeDaggerEgraveOcirc ƒIuml-fiAacutefibdquodivide AtildeAtildeAacute˙ AtildepermilŒdivideŒOacutedivide

)permilIuml Dagger9

5AtildedivideAtildeIumlAacute AtildeIumlAacuteŸOacutefiIacute AtildeUacuteIuml-ŸnotOtildeEgrave AtildepermilAtildeOacuteœEgraveIgrave œƒEgrave middotmiddot AtildepermilfiEgraveœOacuteEgraveIgrave œŸOacutefiŒDaggerraquo

)permilIuml EgraveDagger1

a That which hath been is that which shall be And that whichhath been done is that which shall be done And there isnothing new under the sun

b Nation shall not lift up sword against nation Neither shallthey learn war any more

c In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth

d By the rivers of Babylon There we sat down yea we wept When we remembered Zion

e Cast thy bread upon the waters For thou shalt find it aftermany days

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257

14Media andcommunications


bull not to panic on hearing automated telephone answering servicesbull to scan for information in newspaper articlesbull when no onersquos there + pronoun endingsbull possession (3) nouns with pronoun endingsbull to look back over the course

Dialogue 1

Peter is trying to call El-Al Airlines to find out details about theirearly check-in facility Does Peter leave a message

His first attempt produces the automated message

harsquomispar shersquokhiyaacutegta eyno mekhubar na hitkasher lrsquomodi-in 144

ldquoThe number you have dialled is not connected Please call infor-mation (modi-in) on 144rdquo

On his second attempt this is what he hears

ta-ut bamispar eyzeh mispar khiyaacutegtahellip lo atah tsarikh lrsquokhayegkoacutedem et harsquokidoacutemet lrsquotel-aviv 03

ldquoWrong number What number did you dialhellip No you firsthave to dial the area code for Tel Aviv 03rdquo

Peter finally gets through but he is not at all sure he has reachedthe right office Why

rdquopermilOacuteOgraveUgravemacr divideAacuteEgraveEgravesbquo DaggerEgravelaquo OacuteAacuteraquomiddotmacr Dagger permil˙˜dividemacr IumlOacutelaquobdquoEgraveUacuteEgraveOcirc 441rdquo

DaggerEgraveOcirc


rdquoEumlUacuteraquo middotOacuteOgraveUgravemacr DaggerEgraveEcircpermil OacuteOgraveUgravemacr AacuteEgraveEgravesbquohellip IumlDagger Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute IumlAacuteEgraveEgravesbquo laquobdquoIgraveDagger˙ permil˜EgravebdquolaquoOacute˙ IumlIuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot 30rdquo

Vocabulary

dial khayeg

(he) is not (present) eyno (eyn + hu)

connected mekhubar(-et f)

information modi-in (m)

mistake ta-ut (f)

prefix area code kidoacutemet (f)

in connection with brsquokeacutesher

written announcement moda-ah (f)

key in (press) hakesh

invoice bill account kheshbon (m)

your wife ishtekha

by (lit lsquoby the hands ofrsquo) al yedey

Language points

+ pronoun endings

A common way to negate an action or say that someone or some-thing is not there is to use eyn with pronoun endings

I donrsquot know ani lo yodeacute-a = eyneacuteni yodeacute-a

They are not at home eynam barsquobaacuteyit DaggerEgraveIgrave middotmiddotEgrave

DaggerEgrave IumlDagger EgravelaquobdquoUacute = DaggerEgraveEgrave EgravelaquobdquoUacute

DaggerEgraveOcirc

DaggerEgraveOcirc



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

259

DaggerIgrave Dagger˙permil OacuteÎumlÎuml middot˜dividemacr IumlOacutelaquobdquoUacutepermil middotUacuteEgravelaquoOcirc permil˜divide 1

IumldivideIumlraquoIgrave AacutedividemiddotlaquoOcirc bdquomacrIacute permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc permil˜divide 2

DaggerIgrave Daggerdivide˙Iacute middotmacrAacutepermil OacutepermilmiddotEgrave permil˜divide 3

DaggerIgrave Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil Iumlbdquomiddotmacr UacuteIgrave permilmiddotlaquoOgrave Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute laquobdquoIgrave IumlOacuteˆDagger Daggerlaquolaquo

permilraquoDagger Oacutemiddotraquodivide UacuteIuml EgravebdquoEgrave permilOacutedivideEumlmacrpermil

DaggerIgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlIacute Oacutepermil IumlpermilsbquoEgravebdquo permil˜divide 4

DaggerIgrave Dagger˙permil middotIcircIuml EcircDagger˙ macrlaquopermil IumlpermildivideDaggerEgrave permillaquobdquoUacutepermil permil˜divide 5

Daggerlaquo DaggerIgrave Dagger˙permil macrlaquopermil IumlpermilEgraveIcircmiddotIgrave permil˜divide middotbdquoIuml

AacuteEgraveEgravesbquo )Aacute-Egrave-sbquo(

DaggerEgravelaquo )DaggerEgraveOcirc + permilraquoDagger(

OacuteAacuteraquomiddotmacr)(

OacutelaquobdquoEgraveUacuteEgraveOcirc

EumlUacuteraquo

˜EgravebdquolaquoOacute˙

middot˜dividemacr

OacutelaquobdquoUacutepermil

permil˜divide

AacutedividemiddotlaquoOcirc

Daggerdivide˙Iacute )Daggerdividepermil + Dagger˙permil(

UacuteIuml EgravebdquoEgrave

Sometimes the pronoun is included

He is not at home hu eyno barsquobaacuteyit

Here is the full declension

eynam(n) eynkhem(n) eyneacutenu eynah eyno eynekh eynkha eyneni

Exercise 1

Practise using with pronoun endings Fill in the gaps and trans-late the following sentences

Nouns with pronoun endings

Nouns can also take pronoun endings to express possession

His son (harsquoben shelo = bno)

Your wife (harsquoishah shelkha = ishtekha)

NB Just like the first word in a word pair (see p 87) femininenouns ending in lsquoahrsquo replace with before adding theendings eg his bride kalato

Colloquial Hebrew tends to use this abbreviated form in the mainfor members of the family and in some common expressions but youmay also hear Israelis using it quite often with a wider vocabularyand it is common in written Hebrew (It is constantly used in theBible and partially explains the terseness of the language and whyHebrew appears briefer than an English translation)

IcircIumllaquo˙permilpermil

permilDaggerEgravedividepermil divideIumlIacute = Daggerdivide˙Iacute

permilmiddotOcirc divideIumllaquo = middotlaquo

DaggerEgraveOcirc

permilraquoDagger DaggerEgravelaquo middotmiddotEgrave

260

DaggerEgraveEgraveDaggerEgraveIacuteDaggerEgraveIacuteDaggerEgravelaquoDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgraveraquoDaggerEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerEgraveIgrave)Ocirc(

1)Dagger˙permil( _____ OacuteEgraveIumlEgravelaquo DaggerEcirc DaggerIuml middotEcircmiddotEcirc Dagger˙ permilIcircOgraveUcirc

2Dagger˙ _____ lozAacute˜Egrave Eumllaquomiddotpermil

3permilIgrave _____ OacutemiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave Oacutepermil divideDagger˙permil DaggerlaquoOacutemacr

4UgraveEgraveEumlmacr _____ middotOacutelozmacrbdquo permildividemiddotraquoUacute permilraquoDagger OgraveUacute IumlAacuteraquoIuml

5)DaggerEgrave( _____ EgravelaquobdquoUacute OacuteEgrave Icircmiddot Dagger˙ permilOacuteDaggerOacutemacr DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave IcircOcirc EgravelaquobdquoUacute

dividepermilraquoDagger OacutedivideUacuteOacuteIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

261

Adding these endings often entails vowel changes mostly toshorten the sound ndash an effect we have noted before with nounsadjectives and verbs

big (m) gadol (f) gdolah

son ben your (m) son binkha

Donrsquot worry ndash yoursquoll still be understood Just listen for thesechanges and yoursquoll soon pick them up

NB Accompanying adjectives must always be preceded with justas they are with other definite nounsmy little brother akhi harsquokatanThis form is also used in common expressions a couple of whichyou have already come across

lsquoin my opinionrsquo lefi da-ati and

lsquolikersquo = lsquofind favour in my eyesrsquo motseh khen brsquoeynay

Here are a few more

fromfor my part (lit lsquomy sidersquo) mirsquotsidito my regret lrsquotsa-arito my joy lrsquosimkhati

There are different endings for singular nouns and for plural nouns

eyes knowlege opinioneynaacuteyim da-at

eynay da-ati

eyneacutekha da-atkha

eynaacuteyikh da-atekh

eynav da-ato

eyneacutehah da-atah

eyneacuteynu da-ateacutenu

eynekhem(n) da-atkhem(n)

eynehem(n) da-atam(n)

OacutelaquoDagger AacuteOcirc middotUacuteEgraveEgrave


permilDaggerAacute permil˜EumlOcirc divideIumlEgrave = DaggerAacuteEgrave permil˜EumlOcirc

permil

middotIacutemiddotOcirc

sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermilsbquobdquolaquoIuml

OacuteÊgravebdquoEgrave

IumlÛacutemacrEgrave

IumllozOacuteAacute˙Egrave

UacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

UacuteEgraveEgrave

UacuteEgraveEgraveIacute


UacuteEgraveEgraveAcirc

UacuteEgraveEgravepermil

UacuteEgraveEgraveraquo

UacuteEgraveEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(

UacuteEgraveEgravepermilIgrave)Ocirc(

bdquoUacute

bdquoUacuteEgrave

bdquoUacuteIacute

bdquoUacuteIacute

bdquoUacutelaquo

bdquoUacutepermil

bdquoUacuteraquo

bdquoUacuteIcircIgrave)Ocirc(

bdquoUacuteIgrave)Ocirc(

Exercise 2

How big is this wedding going to beRewrite the following using the abbreviated form of the posses-sives in brackets

New vocabulary

bride kalah (f)

happy me-ushar (-sheacuteret f)

Dialogue 2

Peter is now calling Information modi-in on 144 to obtainthe correct number for El-Al services Take Peterrsquos role in thisdialogue and help him get the information he needs ndash remember hewould like to send his luggage a day before the flight


262

IcircIumlpermil

OacuteDaggerraquodividemacr)(

mdash OacuteEgrave OacutesbquoEgraveUacute IumlAacute˙raquopermil

mdash IcircIuml permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumlEgrave OacuteDaggerlaquoOgraveEumlmacrIumlEgravepermil

mdash )permilDaggerAacute divideIumlEgrave( Acirc)permilDaggerEgravedividepermil divideIumllaquo( )permilmiddotOcirc divideIumllaquo( Acirc)permilIcircIumlpermil divideIumllaquo( )permilbdquolaquobdquopermil

divideIumlEgrave( Acircpermil)middotUacuteIuml( permildivideEgrave )divideIumlpermil( )permilDaggerAacutelaquo divideIumlpermil( OacuteOacuteIumlmiddotlaquoOcirc AcircIcircIuml

)permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumlraquo( OacuteEgraveraquo Egravelaquo˜

mdash AcircOacutepermilˆbdquo permildivideEgrave sbquoIgrave IumlpermilIgrave Egravedivide OacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil sbquobdquolaquoIumlpermil middotAacuteraquordquoIuml

mdash IcircOcirc AcircpermilIgrave sbquoIgrave permilEcircOacuteEgraveraquo Dagger˙ IcircIuml )permilAacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave divideIumlpermilIgrave( IumlUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil

mdash DaggerEcirc divideEgravepermilEgravepermil middotOacuteEcircIuml Eumllaquomiddot AcircpermilUacuteEgravemacr divide)permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave divideIumlIcircIgrave( EgravepermilEgraveraquo

OacuteDaggerraquodividemacrEgraveIgrave

New vocabulary

operator merkaziyah (f)

El-Al services sherutey el-al

take-off time mo-ed hamra-ah (f)

landing time mo-ed nekhitah (f)

luggage mit-an (m)

pre-flight services sherut trom tisah

I need the telephone number of El-Al Services please

No I want to send my luggage before the flight

03 655 4321

Thank you very much Goodbye

Peter finally gets the right number but has to wait when he hears

(positions amadot)

(you will be answered te-aneh) (wait hamten)

(in turn lefi harsquotor)

(At last hersquos through)

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263

OacutemacrIcircEcircEgraveEgravepermil

divideEgraveraquoEgrave DaggerIuml-UacuteIuml

OacutelaquoUacutebdquo permilOacuteDaggerpermil

OacutelaquoUacutebdquo AacuteEgravepermil

OacuteEumlUacuteOcirc

divideEgraveraquo EumlmacrlaquoIgrave EumlEgraveOgravepermil

OacutemacrIcircEcircEgraveEgravepermilOacutelaquobdquoEgraveUacuteEgraveOcirc divideIumllaquoIgrave ndashmiddotOacutepermil DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlUacuteEcirclaquo IumlIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr

OacutemacrIcircEcircEgraveEgravepermilDagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute OacutelaquoUacutebdquo permilOacuteDaggerpermil Daggerlaquo AacuteEgravepermil


OacutemacrIcircEcircEgraveEgravepermilDagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute IumlÎumlÎuml IumldivideEgraveraquo EumlmacrlaquoIgrave EumlEgraveOgravepermil permilOacuteOgraveUgravemacr


- divideEgraveraquo DaggerIuml-UacuteIuml IumllaquoIgrave - IcircIuml permilUacuteOacutebdquolaquo ˙UgraveraquoOgravelaquo

Dagger permilOacute˙Ocirc AcircUacutepermil

IumlUgraveEgrave permil˙laquo - laquobdquopermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumldivideIumllaquoAacute Dagger˙ permilOacuteEumlUacuteOcirc OacuteAacutemacr IumlDaggerOcirc DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute IumlpermilmiddotEgraveDagger

Daggerlaquolaquo

UgraveEgravebdquopermilOacute˙Egrave permilEumlEgraveOgravepermil divideIumlIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrOacuteAacutemacrEgraveEgraveIgrave OacuteDaggerbdquo OacuteraquobdquoIgrave middotmiddotlaquomacr

UgraveEgravebdquopermilOacuteˆraquoEgraveEgraveOcirc DaggerIgrave Uacutelozpermil rsquo-DaggerEgraveOcirc EgravelaquoIgrave laquobdquoIgrave raquoIcircIuml IumlEgravedividelaquoOcirc Uacutebdquo Egravelaquomacr

OacuteDaggerraquoAacutemacr middotmiddotlaquomacr

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrEcircpermil permilmacrUacuteEgravelaquoOcirc

UgraveEgravebdquopermilpermilIcirclaquomiddot˙ permilEgraveDagger macrAacutelaquomiddot middotOcirc-Egravepermilraquobdquopermil 52UgraveraquoAacute middotEgraveOcirc permildivideUacutelaquohellip

264

Peter arrives at the early check-in and there is a long queue ratherthan getting excited ndash Israeli-style ndash he picks up the newspapersupplement someone has left behind on a nearby chair This iswhat he reads

Exercise 3

Reading passages

Here are some items from a weekly newspaper for learners ofHebrew entitled lsquoA Gate for the Beginnerrsquo (sha-ar larsquomatkhil)

1 A close shave (wheel galgal)

a What went wrong with the aircraft

b When and where did the event happen

c Why did the pilot go on flying for three hours

OacuteEumllaquoOgrave Iuml Aacute˙ UacuteIuml sbquoIumlsbquoIumlDaggerAacutebdquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

265

2 Puppaccino Bar (a bark nevikhah)

a What phrase is used for lsquomanrsquos best friendrsquo

b What is the word for lsquorecentlyrsquo

c What is the word forlsquocustomersrsquo

d Where can one find aPuppaccino bar

e What is a Puppaccino made of

34Good news and bad news ndash which is which and why

permilbdquolaquoIumlmacr Egravelaquobdquo OacuteAacuteEgrave permilAacutedivideOacuteIuml UacutelaquoIumlpermil

middotEgraveAacutepermilUacuteIuml IcirclaquoOgrave Ugravepermil

266

Exercise 4

Read the following interview and complete the English versionWhen yoursquove checked that it is correct read it again a few timesand retell it in Hebrew this time using only the English versionto prompt you

The ___ Israeli team to complete the Eco challenge in New Zealand[describe their trip] ldquoIt was very _________ Conditions wereimpossible We marched on ______in particularly steep _________in extreme ______ with very little ______ _____ without foodWe ______ with high _______ but we _________a little before thelast ________ It was no childrsquos play but ___ _________ that we will______ _______rdquo

Exercise 5

Peter loves films and scans the entertainments pages to see whatis on that evening Is he missing anything or is it just as well he isexpected at his farewell party Can you say what films are showing(The Hebrew and English titles are similar)

230 430 630 830

permil˜middotraquopermil permilEgravelozDaggerIumlEgrave permilDaggerdividelaquopermil divideOgraveEgraveEgraveOacutepermil Dagger˙ permilDagger˜laquo-rsquoIumlsbquorsquo middotEgraveraquo

EcircEgraveIumlbdquo

rdquopermilEgravepermil OacuteDaggerbdquo dividepermil permil˙DaggerEgraveIgrave permilEgraveraquo middotIumlEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacrEgraveEgraveIgrave Uacutebdquoraquo middotmacrsbquoIuml

middotpermilmacrEgraveIgrave IumlraquoIumlEgraveIgrave middotOacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo middot˜laquo DaggerEgravelaquoIgrave UacuteIgrave OacuteUacuteEuml OacuteDaggerbdquo divideEgravepermil IcircOacuteUacuteEuml

middotIumlEgrave OacuteEcirclaquoOcirc permil˙AacuteIumlraquo UacuteIgrave permilOacutelaquoOcirc ÃcircAcirclaquo DaggermiddotIuml sbquoOacutemacrraquo ˆ˙ IumlUgraveEgrave permilOacute˜laquoIgrave

permilDaggerAacutemacrlaquoOcirc Ecircpermil IumlDagger permilEgravepermil OacutelozAacute˜ EgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml AacuteAcircAcircEgravepermil divideDaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDagger

divideIcircAacuterdquo

middot˜laquoIumllaquoUacute permildividemiddotraquoUacute

˜laquoIumllaquoUacute DaggerIumlmiddotEgrave IcircIuml Uacutemacrmiddot middot

DaggerEgravedividepermil EgraveUgravepermil

OacuteIumlIacute permilDaggermacrEgravelaquo

macrÂacute middotDaggerlaquoEgraveEgraveEuml DaggerÕgraveUgraveOgrave

permilDaggermacrEgrave notlaquoEumlmacr

AacuteIumllaquoIgrave IumlEgraveIuml-Egraveı )divideÕgraveUgraveEgrave(

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

267


Important people

This is an unusual item for such a heading Read on to see why

The Pope is visiting Israel he arrives at Ben Gurion Airport andimmediately tells the driver sent to take him to Jerusalem that heis in a hurry and must get there in 15 minutes Read through thenew vocabulary list before you start on the dialogue Once yoursquoveread it can you tell again it to a friend in English In Hebrew

Vocabulary

the Pope harsquoapifyor

Your Holiness kvodo(lit lsquohisrsquoyour) Honour

impossible bilti efshari

licence rishayon (rishyonot m pl)

choice brerah (f)

to arrest larsquoaacutetsor

what do you ma zot omeacuteret (lit lsquodoes thatrsquo) mean

fine penalty knas (m)

government minister sar

chief of staff (army) ramatkal (rosh harsquomateh harsquoklali)

president nasi

talk(s) nonsense medaber shtuyot

UgraveUacuteIuml

DaggerdivideEgraveIgrave AacutedivideraquomiddotEgraveIgrave

permilDaggernotEgraveUgraveEgravelaquo

Icircmiddotlaquobdquolaquo

middotIumlEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacrEgrave

divideEgravelaquoOcirc

middotmacrmacrpermil

IumlUacuteˆlaquo )Uacute--(

Oacutepermil EcircDagger˙ DaggerlaquoOacutemacr

Õgrave

lozmacr

OacuteEumlIcircrdquoIumlDaggerdivide permilOacuteEumlpermil permilIcircIumlIumlEgrave

lozEgraveDagger)permil(

Oacutebdquomiddotmacr divideEumlraquoEgravelaquo

permilsbquoDaggermiddotIuml Icircmiddotlaquobdquolaquo Ecircpermil middotIumlEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacrEgrave permilOgraveEgraveUacutepermil IumllaquoAacute˙ IumlUgraveAacutelaquo

AacuteÊgrave divideUacutepermil DaggerIgrave DaggerOgraveUacute Oacutepermilmacr OacutebdquoEgrave permilOacutedivideEumlmacrpermil Uacuteˆlaquo DaggerlaquoEgrave

AcircEgraveAacuteraquo IumlEgrave Dagger˙ permilmacrEgravedivideEgravelaquoOcirc

permilDaggerUgraveEgraveUgraveEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute IumlpermilsbquoEgraveUacute Oacutepermilmacr DaggerEgraveOcirc middotmacrmacrpermil Ocirc IumlEgrave Dagger˙

permilOacuteUgraveAacutelaquo middotmiddot˜dividepermil DaggerEgrave Daggerpermilsbquo middotUacuteÔacuteEgrave

permilsbquoDaggerEgraveIacute divideDagger˙permil macrlaquopermil

268

The Pope sits at the wheel steps on the accelerator and drives at150 km an hour Itrsquos not long before a policeman stops him Thepoliceman takes a look at the driver and calls his boss

Exercise 6

Peterrsquos farewell party Can you identify his guests You will have met them at least once on your way through the book(To remember where check in the key to the exercises)

dividelaquoEumlmacr DaggerEgravedivide IumlEgrave Ugravepermil permilsbquo divideUacutemiddotmacr UacuteIuml permilOacutepermilEgraveraquo permilOacuteraquomacr permilraquoDagger OgraveUacute

051˜EgraveIumllaquoOacuteEumlmacr IumldivideUacutepermil Oacutepermil IumlUacutelozlaquo

dividelaquoEumlmacr middotOacutepermil EcircDagger˙ DaggerlaquoOacutemacr Oacutepermil divideˆmacrEgraveIacute IumlUacutelozlaquo Iuml˙ Iumllaquo Ograve

Iumlmiddotbdquolaquo DaggerIgrave permilraquoDagger divide˙permil IumlUacuteˆlaquo Daggerlaquolaquo IumlraquoEgravehellip

dividelaquoEumlmacr DaggerEcircpermil IumlDagger IcircIuml IcircIacute UgravedivideraquoEuml permilraquoDagger DaggerEgravedivide OacuteDaggerbdquo Aacutedivideraquomiddot

dividelaquoEumlmacr middotIcircOacutepermil Aacutedivideraquomiddot Oacutepermil permilraquoDagger lozmacr middotOacuteOacutedivideIumlpermil

dividelaquoEumlmacr DaggerIumlDagger Egravelaquomacr Aacutedivideraquomiddot

dividelaquoEumlmacr middotOacutepermil permilraquoDagger permilOacuteEumlIcircrdquoIuml permillozEgraveDagger

dividelaquoEumlmacr DaggerIumlDagger Uacutelaquobdquo Egravelaquomacr Aacutedivideraquomiddot

dividelaquoEumlmacr middotOacutepermil Dagger˙permil Oacutebdquomiddotmacr divideEumlraquoEgravelaquo OacuteEgrave Egravelaquomacr Aacutedivideraquomiddot OacutepermillozEgraveDagger Daggerdivide

permilOacuteOacutedivideIumlpermil

dividelaquoEumlmacr DaggerIumlDagger permilmacrmiddotpermil Egravelaquomacr Aacutedivideraquomiddot

dividelaquoEumlmacr middotraquo Icircmiddotmacr DaggerEcirc OacuteEgrave Ecircpermil

dividelaquoEumlmacr DaggerDaggerEgrave IumlDagger EgravelaquobdquoUacute DaggermiddotIuml permilDaggerUgraveEgraveUgraveEgravelaquo permilraquoDagger permilpermilsbquo divideIumllaquo

OacutemacrEgravepermil sbquolaquoEcircIumlOgrave IumlDagger permilIcircmacrEgrave DaggerlaquoIacute

EgravelaquoOgraveEgrave permilbdquoEgraveDaggerEumlpermil permilÎumlEgraveAacutepermil IumlEgrave IcirclaquoOcirc

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

269

DaggerEgraveOacuteDagger divideIuml DaggerraquoEgrave macr IumlEgrave Dagger˙permil Uacutelaquolozpermil middotUacuteEgravelaquo UacuteIgrave permilDaggerlaquoIcircIuml

DaggerraquoEgrave UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc Uacutemiddotmacr IumlEgrave permil˙EgraveDaggermiddotlaquoOcirc

sbquobdquoEgrave IumlsbquoEgraveIumlpermil middotdividemiddotraquoUacute permilmiddotDagger middotdividemiddot˙ middotUacutemacrmiddot Egravedivide IumlEgrave divideUacutepermil UgraveraquoEgravepermilhellip

270

divideIumlOacutepermil Acircbdquomiddotlaquopermil permilEgravelaquoIgrave permilAacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave IumlDagger IcircOacutelaquo UgraveUacuteIgrave permilIcircIuml OacuteDaggerbdquo Egravemacr hellip

permilEcircraquosbquo OacutepermilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave IumlDagger OacuteEgravebdquo DaggerEgraveraquo OacutelaquobdquoUacutepermil UacuteIuml OacutemiddotÛacute OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo

AcircmiddotOgrave˙EgraveAcirc DaggerAacuteraquo laquoOgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave IumlbdquomacrlaquoIgrave DaggerOacutemacrEgravepermil hellip

AacuteOacutepermil IumlEgraveUacuteIuml Icircmiddotmacr Uacutemiddotmacr bdquoEgravepermil OacuteDaggerEgravepermil IumlUgraveEgraveEumlmacr permilIumlIumlraquo-Egravepermil

UgraveEgraveEumlmacr IumlOacuteDaggerEgravepermil Dagger˙ macrlaquopermil IumlmacrlaquoDagger

Dagger˙ IcircIuml Ecircpermil UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcirc

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271

sbquoOacutemacrEgrave Dagger˙ permil˜raquoOgrave Oacutepermil UgraveDaggerlaquoIgrave macr permil˙AacuteIumlEgrave

Key to exercises

Unit 1

Exercise 2

d = ts = v =

Exercise 3

Bran Flakes

Exercise 4

1dr2kht3tsayin4khh5v or bkh or k

Exercise 5

n = 3 z = 6 s = 9 ts = 10 b = 1final kh = 5 sh = 4 d = 7 final n = 2 r = 8

middotˆbdquo

bdquoAcircbdquo bdquoIuml bdquoUcirc bdquoraquoIgravemacrı macrlaquoEgrave macrmiddot macrsbquoIuml

OacuteAacutepermil OacutelozAacute˜ AacuteIgrave AacuteAcircIcircpermil˙Oacuteraquopermil laquopermil macrbdquo Oacute˙permil

Îuml Oacuteˆbdquopermil EgraveUgraveAcirc OacuteÛgravepermilmacrsbquoUacute UacuteIuml OacuteUacutepermil Uacutemacrmiddot

AacuteIumlmiddot OacuteAacuteIuml AacuteEgraveEgraveEuml IumlAacuteIgrave OacuteAacutebdquoIuml IumlpermilIgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquo permilEgraveAcircIgrave

middotmacrEcirc Iumlmiddotpermil middotraquoIumlIcircmacrlaquoEcirc OacuteIcircEgraveEgrave Icircbdquoraquo OacuteIcircdivide Icircmacr

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

273

Exercise 6

k = 311 t = 24 s = 812 v = 16 kh = 79silent = 510

Exercise 7

1 3 6 8 92 8 9 10

Exercise 8

1 1 3 7 10 11

Exercise 9

mi ki li shir ir pil sir din kir

Exercise 10

lo po tov tom nof zol sod khol tor

Exercise 11

sus tut hu bul mul gur shum kum dud

Exercise14

1d spaghetti spageti 2e coffee kafeh 3c hamburger hamburger4b popcorn pop-korn 5a pizza pitsah

Exercise 15

You must be mad to learn Hebrew but if you can read this (dis)you are doing very well (vel)

Exercise 16

1b (shoacutekolad) 2e (dip dip mini creker) 3a (diet koka kolah) 4d (te limon) 5c (krem fresh)

274

Exercise 17

1

2

Unit 2

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

nehag monit slikhah atah mar grinmar kohen lo ani mar kohennehag monit shalom barukh harsquoba lrsquoisra-el akhshav lrsquomalon

sheraton brsquotel aviv kenmar kohen ken brsquovakashahharsquonehag atah mirsquolondonmar kohen lo ani lo mirsquolondon ani mirsquonyu-yorkharsquonehag ah nyu-york ndash atah itonaymar kohen lo ani profesor

Dagger˙permil Oacutemacr sbquoEgraveOcirc DaggerEgrave UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoEgraveOcirc Dagger˙permil OacuteIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc DaggerEgrave IumlDagger OacuteIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc

DaggerEgrave OacuteDaggerlaquoOgraveUgravelaquobdquo Dagger˙permil UgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo DaggerEgrave UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave


Oacutemacr IcircpermilOcircIumlDagger DaggerEgrave Oacutemacr IcircpermilOcirc

permilsbquo OacutelaquoEgrave˘IumllaquoIgrave middotmacrraquoIacute permilmiddotDagger IumlEgravelozDaggerIumlUacuteIcircEgraveAcirc IumlOacuteIumllaquoOcirc macrlaquoOcirc

middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot IcircOcirc

Oacutemacr IcircpermilOcircIcircOcirc middotmiddot˜dividepermil


Oacutemacr IcircpermilOcircIumlDagger DaggerEgrave IumlDagger OacuteIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc DaggerEgrave OacuteEgraveraquo-Egravelaquo˜

permilpermilsbquoDaggerpermil Egraveraquo-Egravelaquo˜ - Dagger˙permil UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave

Oacutemacr IcircpermilOcircIumlDagger DaggerEgrave UgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo

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275

Exercise 4

lrsquomalon hilton mirsquoramat gan lrsquoeilat mirsquopeacutetakh tiacutekvahbrsquomanchester lrsquobirmingham brsquovenetsuelah

Exercise 5

1 khanah (Hannah) mersquoargentinah lo khanah (Hannah) lo mersquoargentinah

2 manuelah mersquoostraliyah lo manuelah lo mersquoostraliah3 shilah mirsquobrazil lo shilah lo mirsquobrazil4 sashah mersquoamerikah lo sashah lo mersquoamerikah5 charli chaplin mirsquoruacutesiah lo charli chaplin lo mirsquoruacutesiah6 pedro mirsquomeksiko lo pedro lo mirsquomeksiko

Exercise 6

1 harsquomalon harsquoprofeacutesor harsquoitonay harsquomonit

2 harsquomalon vrsquoharsquolobi harsquopitsa vrsquoharsquokafeh harsquoitonaacutey vrsquoharsquoprofesor

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

1 eyfoh harsquobig ben harsquobig ben brsquolondon

2 eyfoh harsquoakropolis harsquoakropolis brsquoatunah

3 eyfoh noterdam noterdam brsquopariz (Notre Dame)

permilOacuteIumllaquoOcirc AcircpermilIumllaquomiddotEgrave permilUgraveEgravepermil Acircpermil˜Ugravepermil permilUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave AcircpermilUgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo

permilOacuteIumllaquoOcirc permilUgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo permilUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave permilOacutelaquoEgrave

1 permilmiddotEgraveEumlIumlOgrave OacutemiddotmacrEgraveOgraveEumllaquoIumlIumlDagger permilIgrave OacuteIumlEgravemiddotmacrnotraquoIuml

2 OacuteraquoOgravelaquoIumlEgraveEgrave OacutemacrraquoOgraveEgravepermilIumlDagger permilraquoDagger OacuteDaggerEgraveEumlIumlEgravepermil

3 ÕgraveUgraveEgrave OacutesbquoIumlEcircsbquolaquoIumlDagger permilraquoDagger OacuteOgraveEumlEumlUgravelaquobdquo

4 DaggerEgravebdquoEgravepermil sbquobdquoEgrave OacuteDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermilIumlDagger permilEgraveDagger Oacutepermillaquobdquoraquo

5 Dagger˙permil OacuteAcircAcircraquoDaggerIumlpermilIumlDagger DaggerEgrave OacutehellipDaggersbquoIumlEgravepermil

permilmiddotEgravesbquo middotOcirc middotIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc

permilDagger˜macrUgravelaquoIumlEgraveOgrave middotDagger˙raquopermil

laquoEumlmacrbdquoIgrave middotUgravemacrEgraveEcirc

IumlOacuteIumllaquoOcirc permilEgraveIumlEumllaquoOcirc OacuteOacute˙-sbquoOcirc IumlDaggerEgraveIuml OacuteUgraveAacute-ÃcircAcircpermil middotOacutersquoOgraveEumlmacr

IumlmiddotEgraveOacuteEgravesbquopermilIgrave middotAcircAcircraquoDaggerIumlpermil

276

4 eyfoh harsquokremlin harsquokremlin brsquorusyah

5 eyfoh harsquokoloseum harsquokoloseum brsquoroma

6 eyfoh harsquopentagon harsquopentagon brsquovashington

Exercise 9

1 The hamburger is from McDonaldrsquos

2 The lobby is in the hotel

3 The tourist is from America

4 The university is in Oxford

5 Coffee is from Columbia

6 The Eskimo lives in an igloo

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

monit (f)

khaverah (f)

eacuterev (m)

pitseriacuteyah (f)

malon (m)

teatron (m)

oacutetobus (m)

kafiteacuteryah (f)

belgiyah (f)

muzeon (m)

amsterdam (f)

UgraveEgravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

permil

Dagger

middot

bdquo

Acirc

sbquo

OacutelaquoEgrave


Uacutemacrmiddot

UgraveEgravemacrEgraveEgravepermil

OacuteIumllaquoOcirc

˙EgraveDaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc


˜UgraveEumlmacrEgravepermil

middotIumlsbquoEgraveEgravepermil

OacuteraquoEcircDaggerlaquoOcirc

DaggerOacuteOgraveEumlmacrbdquoIgrave

permilÕacuteIumlEgraveOcirc middotmacrraquoOgraveEgravepermil

permil˜laquoIumllaquoOgraveEgraveDaggerraquoIgrave middotmacrlaquoOacuteDagger

permilUgraveEumlsbquolaquoOcirc middotAcircAcircEgravesbquoEumllaquoOcirc

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277

Exercise 12

Exercise 13

eyfoh harsquoteacutelefon brsquovakashah

eyfoh harsquomisrad

harsquomisrad birsquorkhov dizengof nakhon

zeh harsquooacutetobus lirsquorkhov dizengof

shalom lrsquohitra-ot

Exercise 14

Eyal shalom ani eyal barenboim na-im me-odDaniel daniel berkovich na-im me-od mersquoaacuteyin atah eyalEyal ani mersquoargentinahDaniel atah mevaker mishpakhah o tayarEyal lo ani lo mevaker mishpakhah vrsquogam lo brsquodiyuk

tayar Ani musikay vrsquoani poh lrsquokontsert vrsquomah atahoseh

Daniel ani sportay barsquoolimpyaacutedah ani gam gar poh barsquoaacuteretz

EYAL Shalom Irsquom Eyal Barenboim pleased to meet youDANIEL Daniel Berkovitch pleased to meet you Where are you

from EyalEYAL Irsquom from Argentina DANIEL Are you visiting family or (are you) a touristEYAL Irsquom not visiting family and (Irsquom ) also not exactly a

tourist Irsquom a musician and Irsquom here for a concert And what do you do

DANIEL Irsquom a sportsman in the Olympics I also live here in Israel

1DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc middotmiddot˜dividepermil

2DaggerEgraveUgravepermil permilOacutelozmacrbdquo

3permilOacutelozmacrbdquo middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot bdquoEgraveEcircsbquolaquoUcirc IcirclaquoOcirc

4Ecircpermil permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave IumlmacrAacutelaquomiddot bdquoEgraveEcircsbquolaquoUcirc

5divideIumllaquoIgrave Iumlpermil˙Daggerlaquo

Ecircpermil EumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc Ecircpermil macrAacutelaquomiddot Ecircpermil macrAacutelaquomiddot DaggerIumlmiddotEgrave Ecircpermil middotEgrave EcircDagger˙ macrIcircmiddot˙

Ecircpermil Oacutelozmacrbdquo EcircDagger˙ Aacuteraquo Ecircpermil Aacutebdquomacr Ecircpermil DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave EcircDagger˙ UacuteEgrave

278

Unit 3

Exercise 1

1 lo ani lo barsquomisrad harsquoboacuteker No Irsquom not in the office thismorning

2 Are you in the office today atah barsquomisrad harsquoyom

lo ani lo barsquoir kol harsquoyom No Irsquom not in town all day

3 Are you in the office this week atah barsquomisrad harsquoshavuacute-a

lo ani brsquokurs harsquoshavuacute-a No Irsquom on a course this week

4 Are you in the office this month atah barsquomisrad harsquokhoacutedesh

lo ani brsquokurs kol harsquokhoacutedesh vrsquoakhar kakh brsquotenerif

No Irsquom on a course all month and afterwards in Tenerife

5 Are you in the office this year atah barsquomisrad harsquoshanah

harsquoshanah lo batuacute-akh hellip This year (Irsquom) not sure hellip

Exercise 2

efshar lirsquor-ot seacuteret harsquoeacuterev

efshar lersquovaker barsquokibuts brsquoisra-el

efshar lirsquokhtov faks barsquokheacuteder barsquomalon

efshar larsquolekhet larsquosupermarket

efshar larsquokhshov brsquosheacuteket brsquovakashah

Dagger˙permil middotOacutelozmacrbdquo permildividepermil

Dagger˙permil middotOacutelozmacrbdquo permilAacutelaquobdquodivide

Dagger˙permil middotOacutelozmacrbdquo permildividemiddotraquoUacute

Dagger˙permil middotOacutelozmacrbdquo permilEgravelaquoIgrave

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlDaggerlaquo OgraveEuml permilUacutemacrmiddot

DaggerUgravedividemacr Iumlmiddot˜macr middot˜Egraveradicraquoı middotEgravelozDaggerIuml

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlIcirclaquomiddot UgraveOgrave radicAacutebdquomacr middotOacuteIumllaquoOcirc

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlIumlIcirc IumlOgraveraquonotOacutemacrEuml

DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlAacutedividemiddot middotdivide˜Euml middotmiddot˜dividepermil

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279

Exercise 3





Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Talia is thinking on the train talia khosheacutevet barsquorakeacutevet

Sarah and Hannah learn Hebrew sara vrsquokhanah lomdot ivrit

Victor works in a shop victor oved brsquokhanut

Sally is writing a cheque in the bank sali koteacutevet tchek barsquobank

Exercise 6

1 eacutefes efes teacutesha sheacuteva shtaacuteyim ndash shalosh ndash aacuterba shtaacuteyimkhamesh ndash sheacuteva aacuterba teacutesha shesh

2 eacutefes eacutefes aacuterba aacuterba ndash shtaacuteyim eacutefes sheacuteva ndash shalosh sheshkhamesh ndash shmoacuteneh akhat shesh efes

3 eacutefes shtaacuteyim ndash shalosh eacutefes sheacuteva ndash teacutesha khamesh shmoacutenehakhat

4OgraveDaggerIumlEgrave Icirclaquomiddot˙ middotmiddot

3AcircEgraveEumllaquo Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo middotAacuteraquo

2lozmacrpermil AcircAacutepermil IumllaquoOacutebdquolaquo UacutemiddotmacrEgrave

1EumlIumlEgravepermil Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ middotmacrIcircmiddot˙

DaggerEgrave Dagger˙permil permilraquoDaggerAacutelaquomiddot


DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Igrave permilIgraveAacutelaquomiddotEgraveIgrave

DaggerAacuteraquo Dagger˙Ocirc permilOcircAacutelaquomiddotlaquo

permilraquoDagger Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo- permilIgrave UacutelaquomiddotbdquoEgraveIgrave

permilEgraveDagger Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo- permilOcirc Uacutelaquomiddotbdquolaquo

DaggerEgrave Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo- DaggerAacuteraquo UacutelaquomiddotbdquoEgraveIgrave

Dagger˙permil IumllaquoOacutebdquo- Dagger˙Igrave IumllaquoOacutebdquoEgraveIgrave

Dagger˙ IumllaquoOacutebdquo- Dagger˙Ocirc IumllaquoOacutebdquolaquo

280

Exercise 7

= 3 + 2= 4 + 6 = 1 + 8= 0 + 5

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

1

We would like to buy a computer please

Would you like a computer for the house or for the office

For the house please We work at home

2

What are you doing

Irsquom writing a letter to my (girl)friend

And what are you doing

Irsquom talking on the phone and thinking of what to do this evening

AacuteOacutedivide

Uacutelozmacr

˙divideUacute

AacuteOacutedivide

1 permilIgrave IcirclaquomiddotEgraveIgrave2 permilEgraveDagger Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙3 DaggerAacuteraquo IumlDagger laquoEgraveIgrave

4 Dagger˙Igrave macrlaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave5 Dagger˙permil Aacutelaquodividemiddot6 permilOcirc macrlaquolaquo

7 Dagger˙Ocirc laquolaquo8 Dagger˙ IumlDagger macrlaquopermil

9 permilraquoDagger IumlDagger macrlaquoDaggerpermil (ro-eh)(rotsah)

mdash DaggerAacuteraquo macrlaquoEgraveIgrave Iumllaquo OacuteAacutedividemiddot middotmiddot˜dividepermil

mdash Dagger˙Igrave macrlaquoEgraveIgrave OacuteAacutedividemiddot IumlmiddotEgrave DaggerlaquoIumlOacutelozmacrbdquo

mdash IumlmiddotEgrave middotmiddot˜dividepermil DaggerAacuteraquo UacutelaquomiddotbdquoEgraveIgrave middotmiddotEgrave

mdash Oacutepermil Dagger˙ Uacutelaquolozpermil

mdash DaggerEgrave Icirclaquomiddot˙ OacuteIcircmiddot IumlAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlEgrave

mdash AcircOacutepermil Dagger˙permil Uacutelaquolozpermil

mdash DaggerEgrave Oacutebdquomiddotmacr middotEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc AcircAacutelaquodividemiddotOacutepermil IumlUacutelozlaquo permilUacutemacrmiddot

(oseh)

(osah)

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281

Exercise 10

1 True

2 True

3 False They are planning to meet at the museum

4 False She has not bought them yet and needs to go to town todo so

5 True

6 False Hannahrsquos mother suggests coming at 7 pm but Hannahis going to a friend and will not be back home before 9 pm

Unit 4

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

khanah shotah teh im khalav

daliah oheacutevet et harsquomeltsar

piter ro-eh et tamar barsquomis-adah

ben okhel khumus brsquopitah

piter vrsquomaya rotsim yaacuteyin

tamar vrsquosarah lo ohavot et harsquomis-adah

miriam lo shotah yaacuteyin o kafe

sarah vrsquomaya ro-ot et harsquomeltsar al yad harsquooacutetobus

macrAacuteIuml laquopermil UgraveEgravepermil Dagger˙ permilIcircEumlEgraveOgrave IumllaquoEuml OgravebdquoAcircAcircEgraveırsquo middot˜UgraveEumlmacrEgravepermil

Dagger˙ permilmiddotEgrave middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot middotOcirc sbquoraquoEgravelaquoOcirc Dagger˙ permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc middotDaggerEgraveEumlmacrEuml

1Aacutepermil dividelaquopermil permil UacuteIgrave AacuteIumlmiddot

2bdquoIumlEgravepermil Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ Dagger˙ permilOacuteIumlˆmacr

3UgraveEgraveEumlmacr macrlaquoDaggerpermil Dagger˙ Oacutemacr middotOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

4middotOcirc DaggerlaquoIcircIuml AacuteraquoOacuteraquoOgrave middotUgraveEgravepermil

5notEgraveEumlmacr AcircOacuteDaggerEgravepermil macrlaquoEgraveIgrave EgraveEgraveOcirc

6˙Oacutemacr Acirclozmacrpermil IumlDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddotlaquo Dagger˙ permilOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

7OacutemacrEgraveIgrave IumlDagger dividelaquopermil EgraveEgraveOcirc DaggerAcirc Ugravepermil

8lozmacrpermil AcircOacuteDaggerEgravepermil macrlaquoDaggerlaquo Dagger˙ permilOacuteIumlˆmacr UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilDaggerAcircEumlAcircmiddotAcircOgrave

282

Translation

1 Hannah is drinking tea with milk

2 Dalia likesloves the waiter

3 Peter sees Tamar in the restaurant

4 Ben is eating homous in a pitta

5 Peter and Maya want wine

6 Tamar and Sarah donrsquot like the restaurant

7 Miriam does not drink wine or coffee

8 Sarah and Maya see the waiter next tonear the bus

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquopermil

AacuteÊgraveIuml

OacuteIumlˆmacr


OacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil

OacuteIcircmiddot


DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

˙Aacutepermil



Aacuteraquo



OacuteIumlˆmacrEgraveIgrave

˙UgravemacrEgraveEumlEgraveIgrave


OacuteIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave

IcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgraveIgrave


˙Aacutelaquo

˜EgravemiddotraquoEgraveIgrave



Egrave˜laquo

UacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo middotÎumlEgraveIgrave AacuteOgravelaquo

OacuteIumlUgraveUgravelaquoEgraveIgrave IumlEgraveOacutelaquoEgraveIgrave

sbquoEcircEgraveIgrave UgraveIumlUgraveIumlEgraveIgrave pilpelim (m) gzarim (m)

limonim (m) melafefonim (m)

khaacutesot (f) betsalim (m) agvaniyot (f)

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283

Exercise 5

You will often hear lsquokilorsquo instead of lsquokilogramrsquo

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Our suggestions

˜EgraveIumllaquo UgraveraquoEcircEgraveIgrave

UgraveEgravelaquo

DaggersbquoOgraveEgraveIgrave UacutemiddotEgraveIgrave ˙UgraveraquoEcircEgraveIgrave

˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave middotlaquo

˜EgraveIumllaquosbquoIgrave EgraveIumllaquosbquoOacuteEgraveIgrave kilograacutem(im) (m)

banaacutenot (f) tapukhim (m)

tapuzim (m) anavim (m) agasim (m)

AacuteOgravepermil DaggerAacute˙ DaggermacrmiddotUacutepermil UgraveIumlUgraveIumlEgraveIgrave

AacuteOacuteEgravedividepermil OacuteIumlUgraveUgravelaquoEgraveIgrave

˘Egrave EgraveIumllaquosbquoIgrave UacutemiddotEgraveIgrave

˜EgraveIumllaquosbquoIgrave UgraveraquoEcircEgraveIgrave

divideOacutelaquopermil IumlEgraveOacutelaquoEgraveIgrave

divide˘ UacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo Uacutelozmacr middotEgraveEgraveIgrave

divideEgrave middotÎumlEgraveIgrave ˙divideUacutepermil DaggersbquoOgraveEgraveIgrave

dividemiddotUacutepermil sbquoEcircEgraveIgrave divide˙Egrave middotlaquo shtey banaacutenot shiv-ah gzarimtish-ah agasim shney bezalim

eacuteser beytsim shesh agvaniyotshmonah limonim

kilo tapuzimshney kilogram anavim

khamishah melafefonimarba-ah pilpelim khaacutesa akhat

AacutebdquodivideEgraveIgrave Egravedividepermil sbquobdquolaquoIumllaquo EumlEgraveIgrave AacuteOacutelaquo macrpermil macrIcircEgraveIgrave dividepermil

Oacute˙raquolaquo Oacutemacrpermil AacuteEcircpermil EgraveUgravepermil EumlUacuteEgraveOacutelaquo EumlmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

1 UacutemiddotEgraveIgrave EumlUacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave 2 UacutesbquomiddotEgraveEgravelaquo macrIcirclaquo 3 UgravemacrlaquoUgraveOgravelaquo sbquobdquolaquoIuml

4 Daggermacrı Eumlpermil 5 UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave EgraveUgravepermil 6 AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave EumllaquomiddotEgraveIgrave

7 DaggerOgrave˜EgraveOacutelaquo macr

˜Ugravepermil AacuteEcirc OgravebdquoAcircAcircEgraversquoEgraveIgrave EumlEgraveIgrave bdquosbquo EumlUacuteEgraveIgrave OacutelozmacrbdquoEgraveIgrave AacutebdquodivideEgraveIgrave

middotEgravepermil dividepermil middotEgravepermil macrpermil

284

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 12

Transliteration

mariyah gonzales mis brazil mevakeacuteret brsquokibuts eyn-gevmariyah bakhurah razah vrsquokhatikhah okheacutelet arukhat boacutekerbrsquokhadar harsquooacutekhel

mariyah brsquodiyetah vrsquohi okheacutelet rak shtey beytsim kashot tostim khem-ah vrsquoribah salat gadol mirsquokhaacutesah avokado pilpelimmelafefonim vrsquobatsal hi gam okheacutelet korn-fleyks vrsquoperot tri-im

mariyah yosheacutevet al yad yosi harsquoshamen mersquoharsquokibuts gamyosi brsquodiyeacutetahndash atah lo ohev beytsimndash ken ani davkah ohev beytsim rakot kashot ursquobrsquoikar

mekushkashotndash ulay atah rotseh ketsat leacutekhem vrsquoribahndash ken ani me-od rotseh leacutekhem ribah gvinah vrsquoafilu khem-ahndash az lamah atah okhel rak yogurtndash ki ani brsquodiyeacutetahndash az mah gam ani brsquodiyeacutetahndash zeh lo fer

Translation

Maria Gonzales Miss Brazil is visiting Kibbutz Ein-Gev Maria aslim girl gorgeous is eating breakfast in the dining room

Maria is on a diet and is only eating two hard-boiled eggs toastwith butter and jam a big lettuce salad avocado peppers cucum-bers and onion She is also eating cornflakes and fresh fruit

˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave EumlUacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave IumlEgraveIumlpermil macr permilmiddotEgrave permilAacutebdquodivide permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgraveEgraveIgrave permilEgravedivideEgraveIgrave

permilUgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquo sbquobdquolaquoIumllaquo

1 Egrave˜laquo 2 Iumlmiddotpermil 3 Daggerlaquopermilmiddot 4 UacutelaquoUcirc 5 DaggerEgraveOcirc 6 Egravedivide 7 macrIacute 8

˜dividepermil 9 Eumlraquopermil 01 Egravedivide 11 Dagger˙

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

285

Maria is sitting next to fat Yossi from the kibbutz He is alsoon a dietndash Donrsquot you like eggsndash Yes I actually like eggs soft- and hard-boiled and mainly

scrambledndash Would you perhaps like a little bread and jamndash Yes I would very much like bread jam cheese and even

butterndash So why are you only eating yogurtndash Because Irsquom on a dietndash So what Irsquom also on a dietndash Thatrsquos not fair

Unit 5

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

talyah harsquoof shel ben ha dag shelkha harsquobeytsim shelaacutenu ndash sheldorit vrsquosheli harsquokhuacutemus shelkha -

alon lo ani lo ohev khuacutemus ulay zeh shel dorit o ben vrsquoani lookhel salat yevani zeh gam kanir-eh shelahem dorit oheacutevet zeytimaz ulay gam hem shelah

Exercise 4

lanu and li lekha lakh lahem 1 IumlpermilIgrave2 IumlIacute3 IumlIacute4 IumlEgraveIumlraquo

permilAacutemiddotmacr divideIumlEgrave permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumllaquo permilmiddotEgrave divideIumlpermilIgrave AcircpermilAacutemiddotmacrpermil divideIumlEgrave

permilAacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgrave divideIumlraquo permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil divideIumlpermil

EumlIumlEgravepermil permilUacutelaquoUcirc divideIuml middotOcirc permilbdquosbquo divideIumlIacute permilmiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave divideIumlraquo ndash divideIuml bdquolaquoEgrave AcircdivideIumlEgrave

permilAacuteraquoOacuteraquoOgrave divideIumlIacute -

DaggerIumllaquoOcirc IumlDagger DaggerEgrave IumlDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddot AacuteraquoOacuteraquoOgrave DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Ecircpermil divideIuml bdquolaquoEgrave Daggerlaquo middotOcirc AcircDaggerEgrave

IumlDagger DaggerlaquoIcircIuml OgraveIumlEuml EgraveAcircAcircEgrave Ecircpermil sbquoIgrave IcircDaggerpermil divideIumlpermilIgrave bdquolaquoEgrave Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ EcircEgraveEgraveIgrave

DaggerEcirc DaggerAcircIumlEgrave sbquoIgrave permilIgrave divideIumlpermil

286

Exercise 5

yesh lo baacuteyit khadash

eyn lahem avodah barsquoir

hem kotvim laacutenu brsquoanglit

hi matsi-ah li lirsquofgosh bedu-im barsquonegev

anaacutekhnu matsi-im lekhalakh bikur brsquoatarim historiyim

Exercise 6

harsquoshakhen sheli kam barsquoboacuteker brsquoshesh vrsquorats barsquopark al yadharsquobaacuteyit shelaacutenu gam harsquoshkhenah shelaacutenu raacutetsah barsquopark hemba-im harsquobaacuteytah brsquosheacuteva anaacutekhnu kamim brsquoshmoacuteneh samimmaacuteyim barsquokumkum lrsquokafe vrsquolo ratsim barsquopark

Exercise 7

brsquoeyzo ir hi gaacuterah

elueyzeh yerakot atem okhlim

lrsquoeyzeh kontsert aten holkhot

eyzeh iton atah koneh

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

(shelakh shelkha)

1Egravedivide Iumllaquo middotEgrave Aacutebdquodivide

2DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlpermilIgrave Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil middotUacuteEgrave

3permilIgrave IcirclaquomiddotEgraveIgrave Iumlraquo OacuteIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave middotDaggersbquoIumlEgrave

4permilEgraveDaggerOacuteÊgraveUacutepermil IumlEgrave IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide middotbdquoraquoDaggerEgraveIgrave middotsbquomiddot

5DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteÊgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave IumlIacute middotEgraveraquo middotDagger˙macrEgraveIgrave permilEgraveOgraveEumllaquoEgraveEgraveIgrave

permildivideIcircOcirc divideIumlEgrave Igrave middotmiddotlaquomacr middot ndash6Acircı middotUgravemacr UacuteIuml Egravebdquo permilmiddotEgrave divideIumlraquo sbquoIgrave

permildivideIcircpermil divideIumlraquo macrˆpermil middotUgravemacr permilIgrave middotDaggerEgraveIgrave permilmiddotEgravepermil middot- 7

DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteEgraveIgrave middot ndash8lozOacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteEgraveIgrave middot˜raquoOacute˜raquoIgrave IumlUgravepermil AcircIumlDagger macrÊgraveIgrave middotUgravemacr

middotDaggerEgraveEcirclaquo UacuteEgrave permilEgraveDagger sbquopermil

DaggerEgraveIumlraquoDaggerEgraveEcircpermil Egrave˜laquo Dagger˙Igrave DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveIgrave

IumlDaggerEgraveEcircpermil laquoEuml Dagger˙Ocirc permillaquoIumlIcirclaquo

DaggerEgraveEcircpermil UacuteEgravelaquoOcirc Dagger˙permil laquopermil

DaggerEgraveEcircpermilOgraveUgravemacr Dagger˙ permilOgraveUgravemacr permilEcircpermil

DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo˘OacuteUgraveEgravepermil Dagger˙ permil˘OacuteUgraveEgravepermil permilEcircDagger˙

DaggerEgraveIumlraquoDaggerEgraveEcircpermil UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permil˙UgraveraquoAacuteEgraveIgrave permilpermilIgrave

DaggerEgraveIumlraquoDaggerEgraveEcircpermil UacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo Dagger˙ permilUacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo permilpermilOcirc

DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo Aacuteraquo Egravedivide IumlDaggermiddotDagger divideIumlIacute

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

287

(lakh)

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 13

adjectives

(male) people

places

Exercise 14

Some suggested answers

Moshe doesnrsquot want to sit next to Zippi because he doesnrsquot like his sister-in-law

Zippi canrsquot sit opposite Sarah because they are not speaking

DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo IcircEgrave Egravedivide IumlIacute IumlOacuteAacutemacr

DaggerEgraveEcircpermil bdquosbquoEgraveIgrave Egravedivide IumlIcircIgrave middot˙UgravemacrEgraveEuml

middotDaggerEgraveEcircpermil OacuteraquoEcircDaggerlaquoOcirc)EgraveIgrave( DaggerUgravedividemacr Iumlmiddot˜macr sbquoIgrave middotdividemiddot˙

middotDaggerEgraveEcircpermil macrAacutelaquomiddot permilIgrave sbquoEgraveIgrave

middotDaggerEgraveEcircpermil EgravelaquoIgrave Dagger˙ permillaquoIumlIcirc IumlDaggerlaquo Dagger˙ permilOacutedivideUgraveAacutepermil

1IcircOcirc EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlmiddotlaquoDagger

2IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlmiddotlaquoDagger

3IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIumllaquo IumlmiddotlaquoDagger

4IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IumlmiddotlaquoDagger

OacuteraquoOgraveEgrave˙ UgravelaquoUgrave macrEgraveEcirclaquoEumllaquo UgraveEumlmacrEgravelaquo Aacute DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

sbquoIumlEgravebdquo AcircAcircEgraveIuml macrEgravemiddot˙ raquoEgraveIgrave DaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc permilUacuteEgrave

Uacuteraquosbquo sbquomiddotEgravepermil middot˜middotraquo laquoIumlpermil Uacutemiddotlaquobdquo middotEgrave

UgravelaquoUgraveraquoIumlmacrEgraveÛacuteEgravedivideOacuteOcircOacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcircmacrÊgraveEgrave

OgravemiddotDaggerOacuteIumlˆmacrAacutemiddotmacrmiddotOcircOacuteraquoOgraveEgraveDaggerEgrave

AacuteraquomacrAacutelaquomiddotnotmacr˜EgravemiddotraquoımiddotEgrave-OgraveUgravemacr

1Oacutedividepermil IumlDagger macrlaquopermil Iumldividemiddot˙ UacuteIuml Egravebdquo EgravenotEgrave IcircEgrave permilraquoDagger IumlDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddot Dagger˙

permilsbquoEgraveOgravepermil divideIumllaquo

2ÊgravenotEgrave IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIumlpermil Iumldividemiddot˙ OacuteraquoIuml lozmacrpermil IcircEgrave permilOcirc IumlDagger Oacutebdquomiddotmacrlaquo

288

Smadar wants to sit next to Jonathan because hersquos single andfacing Dorit because shersquos a good friend of hers

Dorit doesnrsquot want to sit next to Yossi because hersquos boring andshe also doesnrsquot like Sammy

Unit 6

Exercise 1

khanut bgadim khanuyot bgadim

sandal or sandaley or

na-al sport na-aley sport

koacuteva sheacutemesh kova-ey sheacutemesh

beyt kholim batey kholim

simlat eacuterev smalot eacuterev

Exercise 2

Plural Singular

3OgraveOacutebdquomacr macrlaquopermil Iumldividemiddot˙ UacuteIuml Egravebdquo EgravelaquoOcirc IcircEgrave permilraquoDagger macrAcircAcirc AcircOacuteraquoIuml bdquolaquoEgrave IcircEgrave

permilEgraveDagger Aacutemiddotmacrpermil Eumllaquomiddotpermil divideIumlpermil

4bdquolaquoEgrave IumlDagger macrlaquopermil Iumldividemiddot˙ UacuteIuml Egravebdquo EgravelaquoOgraveEgrave IcircEgrave permilraquoDagger OacutedivideUacuteOacuteIgrave AcircpermilEgraveDagger sbquoIgrave

IumlDagger Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ Dagger˙ OgraveOacuteEgrave

Aacuteraquo middotsbquobdquoEgraveIgrave )AacuteraquoEgravelaquo( AacuteraquoEgravelaquomiddotsbquobdquoEgraveIgrave

OgravebdquoIuml Uacutelaquo )OgravebdquoIumlEgraveIgrave( OgravebdquoIumlEgrave Uacutelaquo

UacuteIuml OgraveUgravelaquoEuml )UacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave( UacuteIumlEgrave OgraveUgravelaquoEuml

IcirclaquomiddotUacute divideOacutedivide )IcircmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave( IcirclaquomiddotUacuteEgrave divideOacutedivide

middotEgrave AacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave )middot˙EgraveIgrave( middot˙Egrave AacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave

lozOacuteIuml Uacutemacrmiddot )lozOacuteIumllaquo( lozOacuteIumllaquo Uacutemacrmiddot

OacuteEcircsbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgravemiddotsbquobdquoEgrave Egraveı

˙Aacute permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgraveAacuteraquoEgravelaquo middotsbquobdquoEgraveIgrave )UacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave(

Aacuteraquo OgraveUgravemacrEgraveIgraveOacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave DaggerEgraveEgravepermil

˜Igrave permilsbquopermil Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave divideOacutedivide

AacuteraquoEgravelaquo OgraveUgravelaquoEuml

middotsbquobdquoEgrave sbquomiddotmacrEgraveIgrave

OacuteraquomacrEgrave laquoOgraveOacuteEumlEgravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

289

Exercise 3

poteacute-akh potaacutekhat potkhim potkhot

sholeacute-akh sholaacutekhat sholkhim sholkhot

yodeacute-a yodaacute-at yod-im yod-ot

noseacute-a nosaacute-at nos-im nos-ot

Exercise 4

Do you know when the bank closes (do they close the bank)

Do you know where they sell sunglasses

What does one buy for a bar mitzvah

When do you know when to come

Do you know where one can find a pharmacy nearby

What do(es) weone need to take to the picnic

Exercise 5

musakh moacutetors tikun pantsherim barsquomakom(lsquoMotorsrsquo Garage tyres repaired on the spot)

(The Millennium Boutique)

(hairdresserrsquos Sergio)

UgravelaquoAacute UgravelaquoAacute˙ UgravelaquoAacuteEgraveIgrave UgravelaquoAacutelaquo

dividelaquoIumlAacute dividelaquoIumlAacute˙ dividelaquoIumlAacuteEgraveIgrave dividelaquoIumlAacutelaquo

EgravelaquobdquoUacute EgravelaquobdquoUacute EgravelaquobdquoUacuteEgraveIgrave EgravelaquobdquoUacutelaquo

laquoOgraveUacute laquoOgraveUacute laquoOgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave laquoOgraveUacutelaquo

1Dagger˙permil EgravelaquobdquoUacute Oacute˙Egrave OgravelaquosbquoEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilmiddot permilEgravelaquoIgrave

2DaggerEgraveUgravepermil OacutelaquoIcircmacrEgraveIgrave Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave divideOacutedivide

3Oacutepermil laquoEgraveIgrave Iumlmiddotmacr OacuteÂcircAcircpermil

4DaggerEgraveIacute EgravelaquobdquoUacuteEgraveIgrave Oacute˙Egrave IumlmiddotlaquoDagger

5DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Dagger˙ EgravelaquobdquoUacute DaggerEgraveUgravepermil OacutelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave middotEgrave OacutemacrAacute˙ macrlaquomiddot

6Oacutepermil macrEgraveIcircEgraveIgrave IumlAacute˙ IumlUgraveEgraveEgrave

b1OacuteraquoOgraveIacute OacutelaquoEumllaquoOgrave ˙EgraveraquoOcirc AtildenotŒrsquoœEgraveIgrave AtilderadicAtildefiOacute˜laquoIgrave

OacuteraquoOgraveIacute OacutelaquoEumllaquoOgrave ˙EgraveraquoOcirc UgraversquoEgraveIgrave middotOacute˜laquoIgrave

d2radicraquoEumlEgrave AtildepermilOacuteEgraveŒIumlEgraveraquoIgravemiddotraquoEumlEgrave permilOacuteEgraveIumlEgraveraquoIgrave

a3OacuteOgravenotmacrpermil ndashOgravemacrsbquorsquoEgravelaquoOacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil ndashOgravemacrsbquoEgraversquolaquo

290

(coffee shop )

(The lsquoGood Tastersquo fresh cakes and pitta bread)harsquotaacute-am harsquotov ugot vrsquopiacutetot triyot

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

lirsquoknot deacutelek larsquomkhonit khalot vrsquoof lrsquoarukhat eacuterev

ani rotsah larsquoleacutekhet larsquoma-adaniyah lirsquoknot gvinot vrsquozeytim

sogrim et harsquodoacute-ar brsquoakhat az ani tsrikhah gam lirsquoknot bulim

ani gam tsrikhah lirsquoknot matanah larsquokhaver shel harsquoben sheli ulayseacutefer o et yafeh

vrsquoyesh li tor barsquomisparah birsquoshtaacuteyim

ulay efshar lrsquohipagesh lrsquokafeh brsquoshalosh

Exercise 8

c4˜Ugravepermil-Oacutelaquofipermil˜Ugravepermil OacutelaquopermilndashmiddotEgrave Ugravepermil

e5permilAtildeEumlAtildefiUacuteIgrave AtildepermilEumllaquomiddot Uacuteraquosbquolaquo AcircnotEgravelaquo ŸEumlœEgravelaquo

permilEumlUacuteIgrave permilEumllaquomiddot UacuteAcircsbquolaquo AcircUgraveEgravelaquo EumlmacrEgraveEgravelaquo

DaggerEumlIumlEgraveEcircmiddotlozmacr Egrave

bdquolaquoDaggermacrmiddotraquoIuml

Aacuteraquo IcircIumlEgrave IcircEgravemiddotpermil UacuteEuml AcircUacuteUgravemacrlaquolaquo EgraveEgrave OacuteIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave

OacuteIcirclaquoIumlIumlAacuteOacuteEgravepermil Egrave

middotraquoEumlEgraveOacuteIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave AacuteraquoIumlˆpermil sbquomiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave

1Iumllaquo bdquoIuml IumlOacuteIcirclaquoEgrave AacuteIumllaquo AcircUacutelaquoUcirc IumlDaggermacrraquoAacute˙ Uacutemacrmiddot

2DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumlIumlIcirc IumlOacuteUacutebdquoEgraveEgravepermil Iumllaquo sbquomiddotEgravelaquo AcircEcircEgraveEgraveIgrave

3OgravelaquosbquoEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilbdquolaquoDaggermacr middotDaggerAacute˙ DaggerEcirc DaggerEgrave macrEgraveIcircpermil sbquoIgrave Iumllaquo middotraquoIumlEgraveIgrave

4DaggerEgrave sbquoIgrave macrEgraveIcircpermil Iumllaquo Oacute˙permil IumlAacutemiddotmacr divideIuml permilmiddotOcirc divideIumlEgrave DaggerraquoIumlEgrave OgraveUgravemacr

Daggerlaquo UacuteEuml EgraveUgravepermil

5AcircEgravedivide IumlEgrave laquo middotOacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil middotdivide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave

6DaggerraquoIumlEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivide IumlUgravepermil middotdivideIumllaquodivide


DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil OacuteUacuteEgraveIuml IcircEcircpermil DaggermiddotIuml middotDaggerbdquolaquoIgrave IcircOacutepermil permilraquoDagger UacutelaquoIumlpermil

Egravedivide IumlIcircIgrave OacutemiddotÛacute OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo

Dagger˙Igrave Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave rsquoœEgraveIgrave DaggerAcirc IcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgrave DaggerdivideDaggerEgrave

291

Exercise 9

2829 days (m)esrim ursquoshmonah o esrim vrsquotish-ah yamim

22 months (m) esrim ursquoshnayim khodashim

8848 metres (m)shmonet alafim shmoneh me-ot arba-im ursquoshmonah metrim

shesh me-ot vrsquoeacuteser610 (use the feminine ndash you are counting)

1856eacutelef shmoneh me-ot khamishim vrsquoshesh

1969eacutelef tsha me-ot shishim vrsquotesha

5 khamesh (letters otiyot

Exercise 10

1UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave raquodivideOacutelaquopermil Daggerlaquo UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave AcirclozUacutepermil EgraveOacuteEgraveIgrave

2UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave raquodivideEgraveEgraveIgrave AacutelaquobdquodivideEgraveIgrave

3divideOacutelaquo DaggerIumlUgraveEgraveIgrave divideOacutelaquopermil OacuteDaggerlaquo DaggermacrmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave

raquodivideOacutelaquopermil OacuteEumlmacrEgraveIgrave

4dividedivide OacuteDaggerlaquo AcircUacutelozmacr

45678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

5DaggerIumlUcirc divideOacutelaquopermil OacuteDaggerlaquo AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveIgrave Acircdividedivide

6DaggerIumlUcirc divideUacute OacuteDaggerlaquo divideEgravedivideEgraveIgrave AcircdivideUacute

7AacuteOacutedivide )DaggerlaquoEgravelaquo


DaggerEgraveOcirc Iumlraquo OacuteUacuteEgraveIumlEgraveIgrave IcircDaggerIumlpermil middotDaggerbdquolaquoIgrave

Egravedivide Iumlraquo OacutemiddotÛacute OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo DaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilAacutepermil permilOacuteUacuteEgraveIuml UacutelaquoIumlpermil 063 divide˜Iuml

DaggerAacuteraquo IumlDagger Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave IcircEumlEgraveOgraveEgrave DaggerdivideDaggerEgrave DaggermiddotIuml DaggerAacuteraquo Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave rsquoEgraveIgrave



OacutelaquoIcircmacr DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo Oacutemiddotdivide˙ Oacutemiddotdivide˙ lozUacutemacr Daggerlaquo divideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave




OacutelaquoIcircmacr divideIgrave middotˆbdquo OacuteDaggerIuml OacuteraquoIuml permildivideOacuteUgravelaquo Oacutepermil Uacutelaquobdquo Dagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute




292

mokher efshar la-azor lekhapiter ken brsquovakashah ani tsarikh mivreacuteshetmokher eyzo mivreacuteshet mivreacuteshet se-ar o shinayimpiter ani tsarikh gam et zeh vrsquogam et zeh eyfoh mivreacuteshet

harsquose-armokher mivreacuteshet harsquose-ar al yad harsquosabonpiter vrsquoeyfoh mivreacuteshet harsquoshinayim vrsquomishkhat

harsquoshinayimmokher sham brsquotsad smol mul harsquoshampo mah od atah

tsarikhpiter zeh harsquokol todah kamah zehmokher shloshim vrsquoshloshah shkalim brsquovakashahpiter eyn li keacutesef katan yesh lekha oacutedef

SALESMAN Can I help youPETER Yes please I need a brushSALESMAN What kind of (lit lsquowhichrsquo) brush a hairbrush or

a toothbrushPETER I need both (lit lsquothis and also thatrsquo) Where is the

hairbrushSALESMAN The hairbrush is next to the soapPETER And where is the toothbrush and the toothpasteSALESMAN There on the left-hand side opposite the shampoo What

else do you needPETER Thatrsquos all thank you How much is itSALESMAN 33 shekels pleasePETER I havenrsquot any small change Do you have change

Unit 7

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

brsquokhanut kley ktivah mekhapsim efronotYou look for pencils in a stationery shop

permilEgraveDagger OacutedivideIumlOacute˙ middotOacuteEcircraquoOacuteOcirc permilIgrave OacutemiddotdivideIumlEgraveIgrave Oacutemacr EumlmacrEgrave permilraquoDagger IumlDagger EgraveIcirclaquoIuml IumlÕcirc

Dagger˙ permilUacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave permilDaggerIumlpermil DaggerEgraveOcirc middotUacuteEgravelaquo DaggerEgrave OacuteOgravebdquomacr Dagger˙ permilIcircIuml permilEgraveDagger OacuteÎumlÎuml

OacutepermilmiddotEgrave permilIgrave Oacute˜IumlIumlEgraveIgrave Dagger˙ permilmiddotOcirc divideIumlpermilIgrave

middotAacuteraquo IcircIumlEgrave IcircEgravemiddotpermil OacuteAacuteUgravelozEgraveIgrave UacuteUgravemacrlaquolaquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

293

et harsquose-ar mesadrim barsquomisparahYou have your hair done at the hairdresser

barsquobank mekablim mezuman You get change in the bank

barsquomisparah medabrim gam anglitAt the hairdresserrsquos they also speak English

et harsquoreacutekhev metaknim barsquomusakhYou repair the car in the garage

brsquotakhanat harsquodeacutelek konim deacutelekYou buy petrol at the petrol station

Exercise 3

Danny buys them at the post officedani koneh otam barsquodoacute-ar

You (f) are confusing meat mevalbelet oti

The parents donrsquot want to ruin her

harsquohorim lo rotsim lersquokalkel otah

Dalia likes to receive them (fpl)daliya oheacutevet lersquokabel otan

When can we see you (mpl)matay efshar lirsquor-ot etkhem

Exercise 4

she-ataacuteyim (two hours) yomaacuteyim (two days) shvu-aacuteyim (two weeks) shnataacuteyim (two years) mataacuteyim (200) alpaacuteyim (2000)

Dagger˙ permillozUacutemacr OacuteOgravebdquomacrEgraveIgrave middotOacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil

middotmiddot Oacute˜middotIumlEgraveIgrave OacuteEcircraquoOacuteOcirc

middotOacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil OacutebdquomiddotmacrEgraveIgrave sbquoIgrave DaggersbquoIumlEgrave

Dagger˙ permilmacrIcircmiddot Oacute˙˜EgraveIgrave middotOacuteraquoOgraveIacute

middot˙Aacute permilbdquoIuml laquoEgraveIgrave bdquoIuml

1 bdquoEgrave laquopermil DaggerlaquoIgrave middotbdquolaquoDaggermacr

2 Dagger˙ OacutemiddotIumlmiddotIuml DaggerlaquoEgrave

3permilpermillaquoEgraveIgrave IumlDagger macrlaquoEgraveIgrave IumlIumlIuml Daggerlaquopermil

4bdquoIumlEgravepermil Daggerlaquopermilmiddot˙ IumlmiddotIuml DaggerlaquoOcirc

5Oacute˙Egrave DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlDaggerlaquo Dagger˙IcircIgrave

294

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

in seventh heavenat first sight

sixth sense a second chance

a fifth column

Exercise 7

Irsquove no time Irsquom too busy I havenrsquot too much time Irsquom busy

The socks are more expensive than the shoes

The trousers arenrsquot wide enough

Irsquom looking for a dress like this but in a lighter (lit lsquoless darkrsquo) colour

Itrsquos better to go on foot than to take the bus

Exercise 8

1 No She is looking for a dress for her daughterrsquos wedding

2 Because the sales assistant joked that all their dresses werespecial

DaggerIumlpermil bdquoAcircbdquo AcircEgraveIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger middotOcirc UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave AcircdividemiddotUacute AcircpermilEgraveDagger middot˙ UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave AcircDaggermacrmiddotUacute

Ecircpermil permil˙Egravelaquo divideIumlpermilIgrave permilraquoDagger middotOcirc DaggermacrmiddotUacutepermil Uacutelozmacr AacutelaquobdquodivideEgraveIgrave AcircIcircmiddotmacr permillaquoIumlIacute

Ecircpermil OacuteEumlEgraveOcirc DaggerAacute divideIuml DaggermiddotDagger divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger Icircmiddotmacr middotOcirc divideEgravedivideEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide AcircEcircpermil permilmiddotOcirc

˘Iumllaquo sbquoIuml middotOcirc 03AcircIumlDagger divideraquoEgrave

EcircDagger˙ middot˙ permilbdquolaquobdquopermil divideIumlEgrave OacuteEgraveIcircIuml permilEgraveDagger middot˙ divideUacute Uacutelozmacrpermil OgraveEumlraquobdquoEumlEgrave

middotDaggerraquoEgravemiddotOgraveEgraveEuml˙ Iuml DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

permilEgraveIumlbdquo permil˜EumlOcirc middotˆbdquo OacuteDaggerIuml permilraquoDagger permilIcircbdquo divideIuml OacuteEumlEgraveOcirc Oacutepermilmiddot˙ divideIumllaquo permilraquoDagger

middotOcirc divideOacutelaquopermil






1 DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave EcircOacuteOcirc DaggerEgrave Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave UacuteOgraveraquo DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave EcircOacuteOcirc

DaggerEgrave UacuteOgraveraquo

2 permilsbquomiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave Egravelaquomacr EgravemacrEgraveIgrave OacutepermilUacuteIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave

3 permilOacuteIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave IumlDagger OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave macrAacutemiddotEgraveIgrave

4 DaggerEgrave OacuteAacuteUgraveloz˙ lozOacuteIumlpermil IcircEcircDagger˙ DaggermiddotIuml middotˆmiddotUacute UgraveAacutelaquo Icircpermilpermil

5 Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot IumlIumlIcirc middotmacrsbquoIuml OacuteDagger˘macr IumlAacute˙ Dagger˙ permilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

295

3 The dress is too long but they do alterations on the premises

4 No she prefers the other more expensive dress the sales-woman shows her

Exercise 9

gilah shalom gadi atah margish yoter tov matay yesh lekhator larsquorofe

gadi ken ani margish yoter tov todah yesh li tor brsquoyomrishon barsquoboacuteker

gilah atah asuk harsquoshavuacute-a o ulay atah panuy brsquoyom khamishibarsquoeacuterev

gadi lo ani mitsta-er ani brsquokheyfah kol harsquoyom ad shmoacutenehvarsquokheacutetsi barsquoeacuterev

gilah vrsquomah im yom revi-igadi yesh li judo brsquoshesh varsquokheacutetsi gilah vrsquomah harsquotokhniyot shelkha lrsquoshabatgadi ani noseacute-a lrsquotiyul ofanaacuteyim barsquoboacuteker vrsquoakhar kakh

holekh larsquohorim lrsquoarukhat tsohoraacuteyim aval ani panuybarsquoeacuterev

gilah metsuyan az bo nelekh brsquoyaacutekhad lirsquor-ot et harsquoseacuteretharsquokhadash brsquokolnoacute-a khen

gadi yoacutefi shel ra-ayon

sbquoEgraveIumlpermildivideIumllaquoIgrave sbquobdquoEgrave Dagger˙permil OacutemacrsbquoEgravedivide Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot Oacute˙Egrave Egravedivide IumlIacute laquoIumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger

sbquobdquoEgraveIcircOcirc DaggerEgrave OacutemacrsbquoEgravedivide Egravelaquomacr Eumllaquomiddot laquobdquopermil Egravedivide IumlEgrave laquo middotEgravelaquoIgrave DaggerdividelaquoOcircmiddotmiddotlaquomacr

sbquoEgraveIumlpermilDagger˙permil UacuteOgraveraquo permildividemiddotraquoUacute Daggerlaquo DaggerraquoIumlEgrave Dagger˙permil UgraveraquoEgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgrave middotUacutemacrmiddot

sbquobdquoEgraveIumlDagger DaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr DaggerEgrave middotAacuteEgraveUgravepermil IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave Uacutebdquo 038 middotUacutemacrmiddot


sbquobdquoEgraveEgravedivide IumlEgrave sbquorsquoraquobdquolaquo middotdividedivide AcircAacuteÊgrave

sbquoEgraveIumlpermilAcircOacutepermil permil˙IcircEgravelaquo divideIumlIacute Iumldividemiddot˙

sbquobdquoEgraveDaggerEgrave laquoOgraveUacute IumlEumlEgraveraquoIuml DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave middotmiddotlaquomacr AcircDaggerAacutemacr IcircIacute permillaquoIumlIacute IumlpermillaquoEgraveIgraveIumlDaggermacrraquoAacute˙ permilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave DaggermiddotIuml DaggerEgrave UgraveraquoEgrave middotUacutemacrmiddot

sbquoEgraveIumlpermilOacuteˆraquoEgraveOcirc DaggerEcirc middotlaquoDagger IumlIacute middotEgraveAacutebdquo IumlDaggerlaquo Dagger˙ permilOgraveEuml permilAacutebdquodividemiddot˜laquoIumllaquoUacute AacuteOcirc

sbquobdquoEgraveEgravelaquoUgraveEgrave divideIuml macrUacuteEgravelaquoOcirc

296

GILAH Hello Gady are you feeling better When is your doctorrsquosappointment

GADY Yes Irsquom feeling better thank you Irsquove an appointment onSunday in the morning

GILAH Are you busy this week or are you perhaps free on Thursdayevening

GADY No Irsquom sorry Irsquom in Haifa the whole day until 830 in theevening

GILAH And what about WednesdayGADY Irsquove got judo at 630GILAH And what are your plans for shabat (Saturday)GADY Irsquom going on a bike ride in the morning and afterwards to my

parents for lunch But Irsquom free in the eveningGILAH Excellent so letrsquos go to see the new film at the Khen cinema

togetherGADY Great idea

Unit 8

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

matsiacute-a matsi-ah matsi-im matsi-ot

magiacute-a magi-ah magi-im magi-ot

makhlit makhlitah makhlitim makhlitot

Exercise 3

1 IcirclaquoOcirc 2 IcirclaquoOcirc 3 IumlDagger IcirclaquoOcirc 4 IumlDagger IcirclaquoOcirc 5 IumlDagger IcirclaquoOcirc 6 IcirclaquoOcirc 7 IcirclaquoOcirc

OacuteÊgraveUacute OacuteÊgraveUacutepermil OacuteÊgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteÊgraveUacutelaquo

OacutesbquoEgraveUacute OacutesbquoEgraveUacutepermil OacutesbquoEgraveUacuteEgraveIgrave OacutesbquoEgraveUacutelaquo

OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEuml OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEumlpermil OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEumlEgraveIgrave OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEumllaquo

054DaggermacrmiddotUacute AcircAacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveIgrave Uacutelozmacrpermil IumlAacuteOacutedivide

555AacuteOacutedivide AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide AacuteOacuteEgravedividepermil Iumldividedivide middotmiddot˜macr

532divide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave divideIumllaquodivideEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide bdquolaquo IumldivideIumllaquodivide


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

297

Exercise 4a

shesh arbaim vrsquokhamesh

sheacuteva vrsquokhamisha

sheacuteva esrim ursquoshtaacuteyim (dakot)

sheacuteva vrsquokhamishim asarah lrsquoshmoacuteneh shmoacuteneh pakhot asarah

Exercise 4b

Exercise 5

yotse yotset yots-im yots-ot

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

he doesnrsquot know the way makir

he telephones a friend of his metalfen

dividedivide DaggermacrmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide macrmiddotUacute IumldividemiddotUacute

dividemiddotUacute AcircAacuteOacuteEgravedividepermil

dividemiddotUacute UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave raquodivide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave )bdquolaquo(

dividemiddotUacute AcircAacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveIgrave Uacutelozmacrpermil IumldivideOacutelaquopermil divideOacutelaquopermil UgraveAacutelaquo Uacutelozmacrpermil

617dividemiddotUacute Acircdividedivide Uacutelozmacrpermil bdquolaquo dividedivide Uacutelozmacrpermil bdquolaquo DaggerAacutemacrEgrave dividemiddotUacute

middotUacutemacrmiddot

036dividedivide AcircAacuteÊgrave dividedivide raquodivideIumllaquodivideEgraveIgrave

231DaggerAacute˙ divideIumllaquodivideEgraveIgrave raquodivide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave divideIumllaquodivideEgraveIgrave raquodivide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave bdquolaquo DaggerAacutemacrEgrave

DaggerAacute˙

8511divide˙Egrave bdquolaquo IumlUgraveEgrave Aacuteˆlaquo DaggerAacute˙ Uacutelozmacrpermil AacuteOacuteEgravedivideEgraveIgrave raquodivideOacutelaquopermil

middotIumlEgraveIumlpermil

1 UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave bdquolaquo 2dividemiddotUacuteUacutelozmacrpermil bdquolaquo 3 Uacutelozmacr bdquolaquo

4 divideUacutepermil AcircAacuteOacutedivide Uacutelozmacrpermil bdquolaquo )divideUacutepermil AcircmiddotUacute(

EgravelaquoDagger EgravelaquoDagger˙ EgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave EgravelaquoDaggerlaquo

1hellip˜Igrave middotmacrmiddotUacute IumldividemiddotUacute 2hellipDaggerlaquoIcircIuml middotdividemiddotUacute AcircUacutelozmacrpermil

3hellipEgravelaquoDagger OacutepermilmiddotEgrave middotdividemiddotUacute AcircAacuteÊgrave

4hellipIumllaquoAacute DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave middotdividemiddotUacute lozIumllaquolozEgraveIgrave AcircAacuteOacutedivide

1OacuteIcircEgrave

2OacuteEumlIumlUgraveOcirc

298

he has to change his shirt lrsquohakhlif

his mother suggests [giving] him a lift matsi-ah

they decide to drive a new way makhlitim

Exercise 8

My husband is the most generous [man] in the world

My son is the best doctor in the hospital

My daughter is the most interesting journalist in the country

My grandson is the cleverest in the school

My granddaughter is the prettiest of all

Exercise 9

Four steps backwards two steps down one step forwards one stepup one more step upwards three steps forward ndash and yoursquore backwhere you started

Exercise 10

1 Dizengoff Centre ndash dizengof senter

2 Carmel market shuk harsquokarmel

permilmiddotUacuteIuml divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger permilIcircEgrave bdquoEgravemiddot middotUacutelaquoIumlIgrave

permilmiddotOcirc divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger permilmacrlaquoUgraveDagger permilIcircEgrave Eumllaquomiddot middotmiddotEgrave permilAacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave

permilmiddot˙ divideIumlEgrave permilEgraveDagger permilUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave permilIcircEgrave OacuteUacuteEgraveEgrave middotDaggermacrı

permilIcircbdquo divideIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger permilIcircEgrave AacuteIcircIgrave middotmiddotEgrave permilOgraveUgravemacr

permilIcircbdquopermil divideIumlEgrave permilEgraveDagger permilEgraveUgravepermil OacuteIcircraquoIumlIgrave (mirsquokulam)

3IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveUcirc

4OacuteÊgraveUacutepermil

5OacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEumlEgraveIgrave

DaggermiddotsbquobdquopermilAcircEcirc

1

2

3

4

1bdquoEgraveEcircsbquolaquoUcirc OgraveEumlmacr

2divideraquo permilIcircOacuteIuml

Oacutedivideraquo permilIcircOacuteIuml Dagger˙ Ugravelaquopermil EgraveOacuteEgravepermil IumlmacrAacutelaquomiddot bdquoEgraveDaggerIuml OacuteOacutedivideEgraveIcircpermil Egravedividemacr Uacutebdquo

IumlmacrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc AcircmiddotmacrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc Ugravelaquopermil divideraquomiddot EgraveOacuteEgravepermil Egravedividemacr Uacutebdquo IumlmacrAacutelaquomiddot

DaggerIumlmiddotEgrave Dagger˙ Aacutelaquopermil Dagger˙ macrAacutelaquomiddot DaggerIumlmiddotEgrave AcircOacutesbquobdquoIuml permilDaggerlaquoUgravemacrpermil middotˆbdquo lozOacuteDaggerIuml

middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc

mishuk hakarmel at ponah yaacuteminah lirsquorkhov dani-el mamshikhahyashar ad lirsquorkhov harsquoyarkon ursquobirsquorkhov harsquoyarkon ponah shuvyaacuteminah yashar ad lirsquorkhov aacutelenbi at khotsah et rekhov aacutelenbivrsquomigdal harsquooacutepera brsquotsad smol birsquorkhov harsquoyarkon

Exercise 11

(in Venice)

Exercise 12

2 drink shotim G1

3 sit yoshvim G1

4 invite mazminim G3

5 light madlikim G3

6 read kor-im G1

7 wear lovshim G1

Translation of sentences

On New Year you eat apples in honey and round bread loaves(khalot)

On the Day of Atonement you donrsquot eat and donrsquot drink for 25hours

On the Feast of Tabernacles you sit in the sukah full of fruitand vegetables and invite guests in (lit lsquoto the sukahrsquo)

On Hanukah you light candles and eat potato pancakes

On Purim you read the scroll of Esther and wear fancy dress(lit lsquocostumesrsquo)

On Passover you eat a festive meal on Seder night and donrsquot eatbread the whole week

On Shavuot you eat cheese cake

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

299

1 DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave 2 dividemacrraquo 3 DaggerEgraveEgrave 4 OacutelozDaggerEgrave5 OgraveEgravepermil

6 OacuteEumllaquoOgrave

dividelaquoEgraveIgrave )divide--permil(

EgravelaquodividemiddotEgraveIgrave )Egrave-divide-middot(

OacuteEcircOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave )Ecirc-Oacute-Ocirc(

OacutebdquoIumlEgraveEgraveIgrave )bdquo-Iuml-(

˜laquoDaggerEgraveIgrave )--Dagger(

IumllaquomiddotdivideEgraveIgrave )Iuml-middot-divide(

300

Unit 9

Exercise in language point on past tense

Exercise 1

(akhaacutelti akhaacutelta akhalt akhal akhaacutelnu akhaltem akhaltenakhlu)

notice the vowel change to ease pronunciation

(dibaacuterti dibaacuterta diber dibrah dibartem dibarten dibru)

Exercise 2

1 I am now sitting on the balcony drinking coffee because Irsquoveworked hard all day

2 He is looking for the keys again Yesterday he was looking forhis coat

3 ndash When did you get the wallet as a present

ndash My mother gave it to me for my birthday last month

4 Once he only ate what his mother cooked for him Today healso likes what I cook

5 What did you do yesterday We visited our grandfather andgrandmother

Aacutedividemiddot˙Egrave sbquobdquoIumlraquo sbquoraquo DaggerIcircIumlraquo

Icircmiddot˙Egrave Icircmiddot˙ Icircmiddot˙ Icircmiddotpermil Icircmiddotraquo Icircmiddot˙Igrave Icircmiddotraquo

Egravedividemiddot˙ Egravedividemiddot Egravedividemiddotpermil Egravedividemiddot˙Igrave )Ocirc(

Daggerpermilmiddot˙Egrave Daggerpermilmiddot˙ Daggerpermilmiddot Daggerpermilmiddotpermil Daggerpermilmiddotraquo Daggerpermilmiddot˙Ocirc Daggerpermilmiddotraquo

DaggerIcircIumlEgrave DaggerIcircIuml DaggerIcircIuml DaggerIcircIuml DaggerIcircIumlraquo DaggerIcircIumlIgrave)Ocirc( DaggerIcircIumlraquo akhaltem(ahavah)

middotEgravemacr middotEgravemacr middotEgravemacrpermil middotEgravemacrIgrave middotEgravemacrraquo

˜EgravemiddotIumlEgrave EgravemiddotIuml EgravemiddotIuml EgravemiddotIuml EgravemiddotIumlpermil EgravemiddotIumlraquo EgravemiddotIumlIgrave)Ocirc(

˙EgraveEgrave Egrave EgraveOcirc Egravepermil EgraveOcirc Egraveraquo

AacuteEgraveUgraveloz˙Egrave AacuteEgraveUgraveloz˙ AacuteEgraveUgraveloz˙ AacuteEgraveUgraveloz AacuteEgraveUgravelozraquo AacuteEgraveUgraveloz˙Igrave)Ocirc( AacuteEgraveUgravelozraquo

bdquoEgravemiddotmacrEgrave bdquoEgravemiddotmacr bdquoEgravemiddotmacr bdquoEgravemiddotmacrpermil bdquoEgravemiddotmacrIgrave)Ocirc(

1 Egravelaquodividemiddot dividelaquopermil UacutemiddotbdquoEgrave 2 OacuteAacuteUgraveloz AacuteEgraveUgraveloz 3 EgravemiddotIuml permil

4 DaggerIcircIuml middotEgravedivideIumlpermil Daggerlaquopermilmiddot OacutemiddotdivideIuml 5 middot˜macrraquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

301

Exercise 3

1 true 2 true 3 true 4 false 5 true

Exercise 4

The apartment on HarsquoYarkon Street is less suitable because therersquosonly one bathroom and the kitchen is small But the school andthe supermarket are close

The apartment in the centre of town is more suitable becausetherersquos a big kitchen two bathrooms and good public transport

The house in my opinion is most suitable Therersquos only one bath-room and a toilet and the kitchen is small But therersquos astudyworkroom parking and a garden

Exercise 5

Yael prefers the house over the other two flats because it has agarden and an extra half-room suitable for a study It also hasprivate parking and the school is close by

Exercise 6

Yael and her friend Nekhamah are speaking on the telephoneYael istelling Nekhamah what she has found

YAEL Irsquove seen a three room apartment on HarsquoYarkon Streetbeside the sea Irsquove always wanted a large kitchen but thekitchen there is quite small and therersquos only one bath-room On the other hand the balcony is huge and theview is terrific

NEKHAMAH And what about the second apartment you saw Is itmore suitable

permilbdquoEgravepermil middotmacrAacutelaquomiddot permilEgrave˜laquoOcirc UgraveAacutelaquo Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacutepermil IcircEgrave Egravedivide macr Aacutebdquomacr DaggerOacutemiddotEumlEgravepermilDaggerAacutebdquo AcircpermilOacuteEumlmiddotAacute EumlOcirc DaggermiddotIuml middotEgrave permilOgraveUgravemacr AcircpermilOgraveAcircUgraveOacutemacrEuml macrlaquomiddotEgraveIgrave

permilbdquoEgravepermil middotOacutemacrIcircEcirc permilUacuteEgrave Egravelaquomacr Oacute˙DaggerEgraveOacutepermil IcircEgrave Egravedivide OacuteEumlmiddotAacute sbquobdquolaquoIuml divideEgrave AacutebdquomacrEgraveDaggerOacutemiddotEumlEgravepermil AcircAacutemiddotraquopermil EgravemiddotraquoEgrave Eumllaquomiddotpermil

permilmiddotEgrave IumlUgraveEgrave bdquoUacuteEgrave permilIcircEgrave Oacute˙DaggerEgraveIgrave Egravedivide macr Aacutebdquomacr DaggerOacutemiddotEumlEgravepermil DaggerAacutebdquo AcircdividemacrraquoEgraveIgraveAcircpermilOacuteEumlmiddotAacute EumlOcirc DaggermiddotIuml Egravedivide Aacutebdquomacr Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil AacuteEgraveEgravepermil AcircsbquoEgravepermil

YAEL That apartment is in the centre of town and it has (litlsquothere is in itrsquo) a nice big kitchen and two bathroomswith a window as well Itrsquos just a shame that the balconyis small

NEKHAMAH And the public transport is good of courseYAEL Yes itrsquos true but we prefer a school which is near (to)

the house within walking distanceNEKHAMAH Werenrsquot you thinking of moving to a house with a

gardenYAEL Thatrsquos it Exactly And in fact I saw a wonderful house

on HarsquoShaked Street Itrsquos true therersquos only one bathroom(there) but therersquos also a separate toilet The kitchen is alittle small but the house has a garden with a door goingout from the kitchen and from the living room

NEKHAMAH Excellent What about (lit lsquowhatrsquos withrsquo) parkingYAEL Therersquos private parking at the entrance The bus stop is

not far the school is near and therersquos even a box room(lit lsquohalf a roomrsquo) suitable for a study

NEKHAMAH Well Have you already told Dan that yoursquove found ahouse

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

police mishtarah (f) newspaper iton (m)

action pe-ulah (f) machine mekhonah (f)

gate shaacute-ar (m) electricity khashmal (m)

kitchen mitbakh (m) piano psanter (m)

hairdressersrsquo misparah (f) ticket kartis (m)

1 Daggerlaquopermil 2 divideIumlraquo 3 DaggerlaquoIgrave 4 UacuteIumlEgraveIacute 5 DaggerAacutemacrEgraveraquo

1 UacuteIumlEgraveIacute 2 DaggerEgraveraquo 3 DaggerlaquoOcirc 4 UacuteIumlEgravepermil 5 DaggerEgraveEgrave 6 DaggerlaquoIgrave 7 IumlUgraveEgraveIcircIgrave

302

OacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil-OgraveUgravemacr OacuteIcirclaquopermil-OacuteIcirclaquoDaggerEgrave UgraveOgravemacr-UgraveOgravemacrOcirc IcircEumlEgraveOgrave-IcircEumlEgraveOgraveOcirc

AacutedivideOacuteIuml-AacutedivideOacuteIumlDaggerEgrave OacutedivideEumlmacrpermil-dividelaquoEumlmacr OacuteEumlmiddotAacute-EumlmiddotAacute UacuteEgravelaquoOcirc-UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave

divideUacutemacr-dividelaquoUacutemacr

UacuteEgravelaquoOcircOacutedivideEumlmacrpermil

OacuteIcirclaquopermilUgraveUacuteraquoIumlpermil

AacutedivideOacuteIumldivideUacutemacr

UgraveOgravemacrOacuteEumlmiddotAacute

IcircEumlEgraveOgraveOacuteOgraveUgravemacrpermil

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303

Exercise 10

gardener ganan politician politikay

fisherman dayag pilot tayas

watchmaker she-an soloist solan

banker bankayit (f) greengrocer yarkan

actorplayer sakhkan cashier kupay

writer soferet (f)

Unit 10

Exercise 1

He changed buses in Haifa

They understood exactly whatI wanted

She didnrsquot know the manager

We arrived at three orsquoclock

She preferred to travel in her car

They continued the work they had started

Exercise 2

repaired a repair tikentikun searched a search khipeskhipusrequested a request bikeshbikushvisited a visit bikerbikur

Exercise 3

study limudreturn khazarahwork labour avodahentertainment biluy

OgravelaquoUgravemacr

raquoUgraveDaggerEgravelozAacuteÕcirc

EgraveÕcircmiddotDaggerEgrave

OgravelaquoIumlOcircdivideUacuteOcirc

EumlEgraveEgraveOgravebdquoEgraveEgravesbquo

UgravelaquoIumlEgraveEumlEgraveDaggerEgravesbquoOcirc

1permilraquoDagger permilAacuteIumlEgraveUcirc DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave middotAacuteEgraveUgravepermil

2permilIgrave permilmiddotEgraveraquo middotbdquoEgraveraquo Oacutepermil dividemacrÊgraveEgrave

3permilEgraveDagger IumlDagger permilIcircEgravepermil Dagger˙ permilOacutepermilIuml

4DaggerAacuteraquo permilEgravesbquoUacuteraquo middotdivideUacutepermil divideIumllaquodivide

5permilEgraveDagger permilUacutebdquoEgraveUgravepermil IumlOgravelaquoUacute middotOacuteIcirclaquoEgrave divideIumlpermil

6permilIgrave permilOacutedivideEgraveIcircraquo Dagger˙ permilUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil dividepermilIgrave permil˙AacuteEgraveIumlraquo

˙EgraveOcirc EgraveraquoOcirc

AacuteEgraveUgraveloz AacuteEgraveUgraveraquoloz

middotEgravedivide middotEgraveraquodivide

middotEgravemacr middotEgraveraquo

IumlOacutebdquoEgrave)Iuml-Oacute-bdquo(IumlEgraveOacuteraquobdquo

AacuteEcirc˙Egrave)Aacute-Ecirc-(AacuteEcircpermil

UacutemiddotbdquoEgrave)Uacute-middot-bdquo(Uacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil

OacutemiddotIumlEgraveIgrave)middot-Iuml-permil(middotEgraveIumlraquoEgrave

Exercise 4

knew knowledge yada yedi-ah decided decision hekhlit hakhlatahcooked cooking bishel bishul started a start hitkhil hatkhalahkindled lit (lsquolightingrsquo) hidlik hadlakah

Exercise 5

lrsquotsayer nofim lrsquosakhek kadur regel larsquoshir brsquomak-helahto draw paint to play football to sing in a choir

landscapes

lrsquovaker brsquogaleriot lirsquorkov al susim lrsquonagen barsquopsanterto visit galleries to ride horses to play the piano

lirsquorkov al ofenayim lirsquorkod rikudey amto ride a bicycle to go folkdancing

larsquoshut brsquosirahto sail a boat

larsquoasot skito ski

lrsquosakhek tenisto play tennis

304

EgravebdquoUacuteEgravebdquoEgraveUacutepermil

permilAacuteIumlEgraveEumlpermilAacuteIumlEumlpermil

middotEgravedivideIumlmiddotEgravedivideraquoIuml

permil˙AacuteEgraveIumlpermil˙AacuteIumlpermil

permilbdquoIumlEgravepermilbdquoIumlpermil

OacuteraquoOgraveEgravepermilOgraveUgravelaquoEumlDaggerOacuteraquo

IumldivideEgrave middotOacute˜permilIumlpermilIumllozAacute˜ Icircbdquoraquo macrsbquoIumlIumlÊgraveEgrave laquoUgraveEgraveIgrave

IumlsbquoOcirc middotUgraveOgravemacrIumlmacrIcirclaquomiddot UacuteIuml OgraveraquoOgraveEgraveIgraveIumlmiddot˜macr middotsbquoIumlmacrEgravelaquo

Iumlmacrlaquobdquo macrEgraveraquobdquoEgrave UacuteIgraveIumlmacrIcirclaquomiddot UacuteIuml DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

IumldivideraquoEuml middotOgraveEgravepermil

IumlUacutelozlaquo Ograve˜Egrave

IumllozAacute˜ EumlEgraveOgrave

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305

lirsquoskhot barsquobrekhah uvarsquoyam

to swim in the swimmingpool or the sea

Exercise 6

I didnrsquot have any sunglasses lo hayu li mishkafey sheacutemesh

They werenrsquot at home all day hem lo hayu barsquobaacuteyit kol harsquoyom

Did you have a map of the town haytah lakhem mapah shel harsquoir

He was an actor at the Habimah theatre hu hayah sakhkan brsquoteatron harsquobimah

I needed more space ani hayiacuteti tsarikh yoter makom

Exercise 7

I had to go with Nikki my girlfriend to a concert of the UnderPressure band I hadnrsquot been to a concert of theirs before butNikki very much likes the band and has already been many timesAs a matter of fact I didnrsquot at all feel like going It was a coldevening outside but I had to know what everyone was talkingabout The concert was actually excellent We all sang togetherwith the band and danced on the chairsseats The tickets wereexpensive but the show was worth every penny We got home verylate and were happy that we didnrsquot have to go to work early inthe morning

1IumlDagger permilEgraveraquo IumlEgrave Oacutedivide˜UgraveEgrave divideOacutedivide

2permilIgrave IumlDagger permilEgraveraquo middotmiddotEgrave IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave

3permilEgravepermil IumlIcircIgrave OacuteUgravepermil divideIuml permilUacuteEgrave

4permilraquoDagger permilEgravepermil lozAacuteÕcirc middot˙DaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc permilmiddotEgraveOacutepermil

5DaggerEgrave permilEgraveEgraveEgrave macrEgraveIacute Egravelaquomacr Oacute˜laquoIgrave

1 permilEgraveEgraveEgrave 2 permilEgraveEgravepermil 3 permilEgravepermil 4 permilEgravepermil 5 permilEgraveEgraveEgrave

6 permilEgravepermil 7 permilEgraveraquo 8 permilEgraveEgravepermil 9 permilEgraveEgraveraquo

IumllozAacutelaquo middotmiddotmacrEgraveIcircpermil AcircmiddotEgraveIgrave

Exercise 8

1 The only noun ndash the others are adjectives 2 The only infinitive ndash the others are verbs in the

past tense 3 The only verb 4 The only word relating to the future 5 The only word not of the same root

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

1c 2b 3c 4 Its history its artistsrsquo colony its inspiring views

Exercise 11

krsquoday lirsquor-ot barsquome-ah harsquoshesh esreh birsquotkufat harsquoshilton harsquoturkimerkaz tarbuti vrsquorukhani

Exercise 12

Masculine

Feminine

Opposites

306



dividemacrraquo

OacuteAacutemacr

permilIumlIcircIgrave

IcircOacutepermil UacuteIumlpermil permilIcircEumlEgraveOgrave Oacutepermil Dagger˙Igrave macrlaquoEgraveIgrave

IumlOacutepermil IumlDagger permilEgravepermil IumlIacute Aacutedivide˜ IumllozAacutelaquo middotEgraveIgrave OacuteEgrave Ogravesbquo Dagger˙ permilbdquoIuml

IumlDaggerOcirc Dagger˙Ocirc permillaquoIumlIcirclaquo Uacutebdquo Oacute˙Egrave permilmiddotmacrEgraveIcircpermil UgraveraquoAacutepermil

1IcircbdquoDaggerEgrave IumlDaggerlaquo

2middotOacuteDaggerpermil permildividedivide Uacutelozmacrpermil

3middot˙˜raquoUgrave permildivideIumlEumllaquoOcirc permilEumlraquo˜Egrave

4OacutemacrIcircEcirc macrmiddotraquoEgrave AcircraquoAacuteEgrave

middotpermilEgrave Eumlraquo˜Egrave macrmiddotraquoEgrave macrraquoAacuteEgrave sbquobdquolaquoIuml)EgraveIgrave( EgravebdquoraquoUacuteEgraveIgrave OacuteUgraveraquoOgraveIgrave

Daggerdividelaquopermil UacutedivideEgravepermil DaggerOgraveEumlEumlsbquoEgrave UacuteEgravepermil OacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquo DaggerOacuteraquoEgrave

˜EumlEgraveIgravesbquobdquolaquoIumlEgraveIgrave IcircpermilpermilmiddotpermilEgrave DaggerAacutemacrlaquopermilDaggerdividelaquopermil OacutelaquobdquomacrEgraveUacuteEgravepermil

IumlDagger EgravebdquoraquoUacuteEgraveIgraveEgravebdquoraquoUacuteEgraveIgrave

Exercise 13

Exercise 15

hellipbecause I have no petrol

hellipeven though one likes to receive them

hellipbecause I didnrsquot like it

hellipbecause yoursquore too short

hellipbecause she goes folk dancing

hellipbefore they swam in the Sea of Galilee

hellipwhen the bus came

hellipafter he finished his military service

Unit 11

Exercise 1

anaacutekhnu nagiacute-a (x 2) anaacutekhnu nitrakhets

hem ya-amiacutenu ani atsalem

anaacutekhnu namshikh (x 2) anaacutekhnu nevakesh

ani etstarekh atah ta-amin Dagger˙permil DaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc

DaggerEgrave DaggerÊumlmacrIacute



DaggerEgrave DaggerÎumlIgrave

permilIgrave EgraveDaggerOacuteEgraveraquo


DaggerAacuteraquo sbquoEgraveUacute

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307

1 hellipIcircEgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgrave bdquoIuml

2 hellipIumlOacutemacrlaquo divideDaggerlaquopermilmiddotEgraveIgrave IumlmiddotIuml DaggerlaquoOcirc

3 hellipOacuteUgraveEgrave dividepermilEgraveDagger IumlDagger OacuteˆDaggerpermil AacuteOcirc middotUacuteEgraveEgrave

4 hellipIcircEgrave Dagger˙ Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave OacuteraquoIcircpermil

5 hellipOacuteUgraveEgrave dividepermilEgraveDagger macrlaquobdquo macrEgraveraquobdquoEgrave-UacuteIgrave

6 hellipIumlUgraveEgrave permilIgrave lozAacuteraquo middotIcirc˙

7 hellipIcircdividepermilDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave permilsbquoEgraveUacute

8 hellipDaggerAacutemacrEgrave dividepermilraquoDagger sbquoOacutemacr Dagger˙ permildividemacrraquo permilˆmiddotDaggerEgrave

1Oacute˙UacuteEgrave

2DaggerEgraveEgrave permil˙Daggerraquo permilEcircbdquo

3sbquoraquo AacuteEcircraquo permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotraquo

4OacuteÊumlUacutemacr middotDagger˙

5Oacutedivide˙bdquoIuml)( mishtadeacutel(-et)

baacuteta mitsta-er

hityashvu khazru gaacuteru

hizdakant hitra-eacutenu ra-iacuteti

mit-aniyeacutenet

308

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

hem yishme-u hu yizkor anakhnu navo at tagiacutedi atem tilmedu

Exercise 5

kshersquotigmor (likhshersquotigmor) telekh lrsquosakhek

hu lo yishma ki harsquoradio menagen

hem lo yavoacute-u lrsquobikur brsquokhoacutedesh harsquoba

at tishlekhi lo matanah lrsquoyom harsquohuleacutedet shelo

kshersquoani (likhshersquoezkor) ezkor ani ekhtov lahem

DaggerEgraveDagger˙permilDagger˙permilraquoDaggerpermilEgraveDaggerDaggerAacuteraquoDagger˙IgraveOcircpermilIgraveOcirc

middot-laquo-DaggerDaggermiddotEgraveDagger˙middotEgraveDagger˙middotEgraveDaggerEgraveEgravemiddotEgraveDagger˙middotEgraveDaggermiddotEgraveDagger˙middotEgraveDaggerraquoEgravemiddotEgraveDaggerraquo

˜-middot-IumlDagger˜middotIuml˙˜middotIuml˙˜middotIumlEgraveEgravemiddotIuml˙˜middotIumlmiddotIuml˙˜middotIumlraquoEgravemiddotIumlraquo

˙--OcircDagger˙Õcirc˙˙Õcirc˙˙˜EgraveEgraveÕcirc˙˙ÕcircÕcirc˙˙˜raquoEgrave˜raquo

Iuml-middot-divideDagger˙Iumlmiddotdivide˙˙Iumlmiddotdivide˙˙IumlmiddotdivideEgraveEgraveIumlmiddotdivide˙˙IumlmiddotdivideIumlmiddotdivide˙˙IumlmiddotdivideraquoEgraveIumlmiddotdivideraquo

ˆ--IacuteDaggerÊumlmacrIacute˙ÊumlmacrIacute˙ÊumlmacrIcircEgraveEgraveEumlmacrIacute˙ÊumlmacrIacuteEumlmacrIacute˙ÊumlmacrIcircraquoEgraveEumlmacrIcircraquo

1permilEgraveDagger OacuteÃcircAcircpermil dividepermilraquoDagger EgraveAacuteIcircpermil Iumlpermil

2DaggerAacuteraquo OacuteÃcircAcircEgraveIgrave dividepermilIgrave EgravesbquoEgraveUacuteraquo IumlUgraveEgraveraquo

3permilEgraveDagger middotEumlAacute IumlDagger DaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc IumlIacute

4DaggerEgrave IumlDagger Daggermiddot˜divide DaggermiddotIuml permilIgrave IcircDaggerpermil EgraveEgraveUacuteraquo UacuteEcircpermil

permilIgrave EgravedivideOacuteUacuteraquo permilraquoDagger EgraveEcircIcirclaquo DaggerAacuteraquo middotlaquoDagger Dagger˙ sbquoEgravebdquoEgrave Dagger˙Igrave IumlOacutebdquoraquo

yavi

yekabel

yetaken

yitlabesh

yitstarekh

avi

akabel

ataken

etlabesh

etstarekh

(lefaneacuteynu)

1Icircdivide˙sbquoOacutelaquo )IumlIcircdivide˙sbquoOacutelaquo( IumlIacute IumllozAacute˜

2permilraquoDaggerIumlDagger EgravedivideOacuteUacute IcircEgrave permilmacrbdquoEgravelaquo OacutesbquoOcirc

3permilIgrave IumlDagger EgravemiddotlaquoDaggerraquo IumlmiddotEgraveraquo middotAacutelaquobdquodivide permilmiddotDagger

4Dagger˙ divideIumlAacuteEgrave Iumllaquo Oacute˙permil IumlEgravelaquoIgrave permilpermilraquoIumlbdquo divideIumllaquo

5IcircdivideDaggerEgrave DaggerEcircIcirclaquo )IumlIcircdivideDaggerEcircIcirclaquo( DaggerEgrave DaggerIcirclaquomiddot IumlpermilIgrave

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309

kshersquotigdal (likhshersquotigdal) tilmad lirsquorkov al ofanaacuteyim

1 When you(rsquoll) finish yoursquoll go off to play

2 He wonrsquot hear because the radio is playing

3 They wonrsquot come to visit (lit lsquoon the visitrsquo) next month

4 You (f) will send him a present for his birthday

5 When I(rsquoll) remember Irsquoll write to them

6 When you(m)rsquore older (lit lsquowill grow get olderrsquo) you (m)rsquolllearn to ride a bicycle

Exercise 6

ani avakesh ani adaber ani eshlakh ani anakeh akhareyshersquonokhal lo et zeh atah titstarekh la-asot lifney shersquonetse

Translation

Are you ready to goMore or lessDid you ask the neighbours to feed the catNo but Irsquoll ask them in a minuteDid you leave the telephone number of the hotel for your parentsNot yet but Irsquoll speak to them laterDid you send the letter to the bankNo but Irsquoll send it tomorrow morning on the way to the airportDid you clean the fridgeNo but Irsquoll clean it after wersquove eatenDid you take out the rubbishNo that you will have to do before we leave

6Icircdivide˙sbquobdquoIuml )IumlIcircdivide˙sbquobdquoIuml( IumlOacutebdquo IumlmacrIcirclaquomiddot UacuteIuml DaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

2 DaggerAacuteraquo IumlDagger divideOacuteUacute 3 DaggerEgrave IumlDagger DaggermiddotlaquoDagger 4 permilraquoDagger EgravedivideIumlAacute

5 IcircdivideDagger˙ EcircIcircmacrEgrave 6 IcircdivideDagger˙Igrave sbquobdquoIumlraquo Dagger˙Igrave IumlOacutebdquoraquo

DaggerEgrave Daggermiddot˜divide DaggerEgrave Daggerbdquomiddotmacr DaggerEgrave DaggerdivideIumlAacute DaggerEgrave Daggerpermil DaggerAacutemacrEgrave divideDaggerIcircIuml

IumlDagger Dagger˙ Ecircpermil Dagger˙permil ÊumlmacrIacute IumlUacutelozlaquo IumlUgraveEgrave divideDagger

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

1 If you donrsquot ask you wonrsquot know im lo tish-al ndash lo teda

2 If you donrsquot ask you donrsquot get im lo tevakesh lo tekabel

3 If you listen yoursquoll learn im takshiv tilmad

4 If you donrsquot work you wonrsquot eat im lo ta-avod lo tokhal

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

310

1˙ÎumlÎuml DaggerIumlEgravepermil IumlUgraveAacutelaquo UgraveUacuteIgrave middotEgravelaquoIgrave

2˙EcircOacuteEgraveOcirc Daggerlaquopermil IumlOacuteOgraveUacutebdquolaquo UgravelaquoUgraveraquoIumlmacrEgravelaquo

3˙middot˜divide OacuteOacutepermil IumlˆDagger˙ DaggerEgraveIacute

4˙middotEgraveDagger Iumlpermil UgravemacrAacuteEgraveIgrave

5˙˜permil Iumlpermil Oacute˙laquo Egravemacrlaquo

6˙sbquoEgravebdquo Iumlpermil dividepermilEgraveDagger EgraveUgravepermil AcircOacuteÕgraveEgraveOacutepermil

7˙sbquoEgravebdquo Iumlpermil divide˙OacuteEgravebdquo Daggerpermilmiddot Daggerlaquopermil

DaggerEgrave middotEumlraquoAacute divideDaggerIgrave DaggerEgrave DaggerUacutelozpermil Dagger˙ IcircIuml Ecircpermil permilEgraveDagger middot˜divide OacuteOacuteEgrave IumlpermilIcircEgrave

Dagger˙ permilpermillaquoEgraveIgrave divideIumlpermilhellip DaggerEgrave macr macrlaquopermil IumlˆDagger˙ DaggerEgravepermilhellip

middotIumllaquobdquolaquoOcirc EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteUacuteraquoOcirc AcircEgravebdquo sbquodivideIgrave permilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo dividemiddotUacute Uacutelozmacrpermil OacuteUacuteIumllaquo

ÎumlOgraveEgraveraquoOgrave

middotEumllaquoEgravelaquo EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteEcircsbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave EgraveUgravepermil DaggermiddotIuml permilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo EgravepermilEgraveEgraveraquo OacuteraquoIcirclaquo macr

divide˙EgraveEgraveIgrave Uacutelozmacrpermil OacuteUacuteIumllaquo

middotEgraveraquo Egravelaquo˜ EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil sbquodivideraquoIgrave Egravebdquo sbquodivideIgrave dividelaquoEumlUcirc AcircpermilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo EgravepermilEgraveEgraveraquo

sbquomiddotlaquopermillaquo

middotOgraveEgravebdquoEgrave - macrraquoAacute AacuteEcircpermil DaggermiddotIuml EumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo laquoAacutelaquo

permilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot UacutelozmacrEgraveIgrave raquodivideOacutelaquopermil OacuteUacuteIumllaquo AcircpermilIumlAacuteraquo permilEgraveEgravepermil

sbquomiddotlaquopermilpermil

1Ecirc 2sbquo 3bdquo 4permil 5Aacute 6middot 7Acirc 8Dagger

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

311

Exercise 11

Unit 12

Exercise 1

stop atsor 2a no parking eyn khanayah 1edanger sakanah 3d

shmor al harsquonikayon 4cno litter (more lit) take care to keep clean

5beyn lrsquohotsi rosh vrsquoyadaacuteyim mersquoharsquokhalon harsquokhutzah

donrsquot lean (lit lsquoput head and handsrsquo) out of the window

Exercise 2

Please observe the silence na lirsquoshmor al harsquosheacuteket

No talking to the driver during the journey eyn lersquodaber im harsquonehag birsquosh-at harsquonesi-ah

Please move inside na lrsquohikanes pnimah

DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlpermillaquoEgraveDagger Daggerdivide AcircEgravebdquoEgraveEgraveIgrave OacutepermilAacuteIumllaquoOcirc permilAacuteraquopermil

divideOacutelaquo UacuteIuml permilEgraveEgravelaquoOcirc

OgraveIcircpermil

DaggerEgraveOcirc AacuteEgravepermilUacuteˆlaquo

ndashDaggerIgrave EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteUacuteraquoOcirc raquoı UacuteIuml AacutelaquoUcirc permilEgraveIgrave

ndashDaggerIgrave Egravebdquo sbquodivideIgrave dividelaquoEumlUcirc Uacutelozpermil EgraveEgravelaquo middot˜EgravelaquoOcirc permilAacutebdquodivide

ndashDaggerIgrave permilEgraveEgravepermil IumlAacuteraquo sbquomiddotlaquopermilpermil dividemiddot middotmiddotEgrave Ugravepermil UacuteIuml permilEumlEgraveEgraveIuml

ndashDaggerIgrave EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil dividemacrmiddotEgrave middot˜macr middotOacuteraquoEcircEgraveDaggerlaquoOcirc UacuteIgrave OacuteEgraveEcircraquosbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave

ndashDaggerIgrave Egravebdquo divideIumlsbquo EgraveOgraveUacute IumlEgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave permilIumlmiddotpermil

ndashDaggerIgrave EgravepermilEgraveraquo EumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo sbquomiddotlaquopermillaquo AcircEgravepermilEgravepermil AacuteIgrave lozAacutepermil middotEgraveIgrave

ndashDaggerIgrave EgravepermilEgraveEgravepermil OacuteEcircsbquo DaggerAcircAcircEgrave EgraveUgravepermil EumlEgraveEgraveIuml middotOgraveOacuteEumlDaggerlaquo EgraveUgravelaquo permilUacuteEgravepermil




Stop Have you forgotten anything inside the busamod harsquoshakhakhtah maacuteshehu barsquooacutetobus

Language point

a tse ts-i ts-u shev shvi shvukakh k-khi k-khu

ktov kitvi kitvu shmor shimri shimru kum kuacutemi kuacutemu zuz zuacutezi zuacutezu

b sader sadri sadru maher mahari maharu

c hakshev hakshiacutevi hakshiacutevu

d titbayshi titlabshi ursquots-i mersquoharsquokheder

Exercise 3

1 tir-i ndash re-i

2 taruts ndash ruts

3 tetsaltseli ndash tsaltsel

4 takshiv ndash hakshev

5 tiftakh ndash ptakh

6 tekhakeh ndash khakeh

7 tivdok ndash bdok

8 temale ndash male

312

ˆDagger DaggerEgrave Daggerraquo

dividemiddot dividemiddotEgrave dividemiddotraquo

Ãacute AacuteEgrave Aacuteraquo

Icirclaquomiddot IcircmiddotEgrave Icircmiddotraquo

divideOacutelaquo divideOacutemacrEgrave divideOacutemacrraquo

˜raquoIgrave raquoOacuteEgrave raquoOacuteraquo

EcircraquoEcirc EcircraquoEcircEgrave EcircraquoEcircraquo

Ogravebdquomacr OgravebdquomacrEgrave Ogravebdquomacrraquo

Oacutepermilmacr OacutepermilmacrEgrave Oacutepermilmacrraquo

permil˜dividemiddot permil˜divideEgravemiddotEgrave permil˜divideEgravemiddotraquo

˙˙middotEgraveEgravedivideEgrave ˙IumlmiddotdivideEgrave AcircDaggerEgrave OacutepermilAacutebdquomacr

˙DaggerEgrave - DaggerEgrave

˙macrraquoı - macrraquoı

˙ÎumlÎumlEgrave - IumlÎumlEgrave

˙˜divideEgravemiddot - permil˜lozmiddot

˙UgraveAacute - UgraveAacute

˙AacuteIcircpermil - AacuteIcircpermil

˙middotbdquolaquo - middotbdquolaquo

˙OacuteIumlDagger - OacuteIumlDagger

UacuteOacutelaquobdquo permildivideIcircAacute˙ Oacutedividepermilraquo middotDaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

The first one wants to see a good doctor whatever kindThe second patient might know whatrsquos wrong with her but shewants the doctor to know toohellip

Exercise 6

only 1 6 7

1 Take aspirin to lower the fever

2 Sit in the sun for a bit

3 Drink a lot of wine

4 Eat the thermometer

5 Donrsquot put (al tasim) any sun cream on

6 Sleep (tishan) a little more

7 Drink a lot of water or tea

8 Take a tablet against headaches 6 times a day

Exercise 7

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

313

1middotlaquoDaggerEgrave IumlIacute IumllaquoIumllaquoUacute

2middotlaquoDagger Daggerpermil Oacutepermil Egravedivide middotOacute˜macrmacr

3middotlaquoDaggerraquo Uacutelozpermil OacuteOgraveEgravemiddotpermil

4middotlaquoDaggerEgrave EcircOacuteEgraveOcirc UgraveEgravepermil

5middotlaquoDaggerraquo divideDaggerIuml Dagger˙ permilDaggerEgravedivide permilpermilraquoDagger

6middotlaquoDagger AcircAcircpermil dividepermilIgrave EgravedivideEgravemiddotraquo Iumlraquo

1DaggerIcircIumlEgrave Oacutedividepermilraquo IumlDagger Eumllaquomiddot AcircIcirclaquoDaggermiddot˙ IumlEgrave permilmiddotEumlOcirc

2UgraveIumlEgrave UacuteIuml permilOacutebdquomacrsbquolaquo AcircpermilmacrsbquoIuml permilEgraveOacuteEgrave IcirclaquoDaggermiddot˙ IumlEgrave

3Egravedivide IumlEgrave IcircDaggermiddot DaggerEcircEgraveEgraveIgrave

4DaggerEgrave OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacute IumlIumlIcirc IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger divideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave Ecircpermil bdquoAacuteraquoUcirc

5Egravelaquobdquo IumlEgrave bdquoIgrave OacutepermilDaggerˆmiddotUacute (yored li)

(nafaacutelti)

Exercise 8

nish-ar nishtah nigmerah

ne-emar nishaacuterti

yislakh

yigamer yidalku

yibadku

1 What is all the red wine left Yes but all the white wine hasbeen drunk And the soft (lit lsquolightrsquo) drink is finished

2 What was said at the meeting I donrsquot know I didnrsquot stay tillthe end

3 Donrsquot worry all will be forgiven (him)

4 When does the film finish (lit lsquowhen will the film be finishedrsquo)When the lights come on (lit lsquowill be litrsquo)

5 All the suggestions will be examined and then wersquoll give you ananswer

Exercise 9

314

1divideDaggermacr divide˙permil sbquoOacutemacrpermil

2DaggerOacutemacr divideDaggermacrEgrave

3EgraveOgraveIumlAacute

4EgraveEgravesbquoOacutemacr EgraveEgravebdquoIumlraquo

5EgraveEgravemiddotbdquoraquo

permilOgraveraquoOgrave permilIumlmiddotOcirc dividemacrIumlUacuteı middotAacuteˆmacr AcircmiddotUacuteIuml permilOgraveraquoOgrave IcircOgraveIumlmiddotEgrave permil˜macrlaquomiddot

Ecircpermil permilEgravepermilEgravelaquoIgrave AacuteIgrave AcircpermilOgraveraquoOgrave divideUacuteOacutebdquomiddotdivideOacutedivide IumlDagger EgravemiddotIumlOacuteEgraveIgrave permilEgraveIumlbdquopermil

EgravebdquoUacutepermildividepermilOgraveraquoOgrave permilEgravepermilÔacuteDagger permilEgraveDagger macrEgraveAacuteOacutepermilUacuteIumlEgraveAcirc

IumlOacutemacrlaquo dividepermilEgraveDagger DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDagger macrIcircmiddotpermilUacuteIuml OgraveraquoOgrave AcircpermilEgraveDagger UgraveAacutebdquopermilOacuteOacuteraquo permilEgraveDagger

permilAacuteIumlEgraveEumlpermilmiddotIcircIuml EcircDagger˙ IumlUacuteEcirclaquo Iumllaquo

permilEgraveDagger EcircpermilmacrpermilIumlDagger Iumlpermil˙˜macrmiddot Egravelaquomacr OacutebdquoEgrave AcircpermilmiddotEgraveDaggerpermilIumlOgraveraquoOgrave OacuteEgraveIgrave middotEcircpermilEgraveraquo

permilOgraveraquoOgrave permilEgravepermil DaggerOgraveEgrave laquobdquopermil IumlEgraveIumlbdquopermil permil˜Eumlpermil AcircpermilEgraveUacute Dagger˙ permilDaggerdivide middotlozOacuteAacutepermil

permilEgraveIumlbdquopermil middotpermilIumlpermilAcircIcircIuml permilOacuteEgraveIgrave divideUgraveIcircraquo

harsquosus harsquolavan nikshar larsquoets barsquokhatser ursquova-al harsquosus nikhnaslarsquobaacuteyit harsquokarov zeh haya yom kham vrsquoharsquosus shersquoamadbarsquosheacutemesh lo kibel maacuteyim harsquoyaldah yad-ah shersquoharsquosus hayahtsame hi rikhamah alav lamrot shersquohi af paacute-am lo rakhvah al susvrsquohi pakhadah mimeacutenu hi hekhlitah brsquokhol zot la-azor lo hinizharah lo lrsquohitkarev yoter miday vrsquohevi-ah larsquosus maacuteyim birsquozhirutharsquosus hayah asir todah larsquoyaldah harsquoktanah vrsquoheni-ah et harsquoroshbrsquosimkhah harsquoyaldah nivhalah vrsquokol harsquomaacuteyim nishpekhu

Exercise 10

Dialogue 3 Translation

A family is sitting in a restaurant The waiter serves the woman aplate of soup The woman looks at her husband and he calls thewaiter

ndash My wife would like (requests that) you to taste (from) the soup

ndash What do you mean

ndash Taste and yoursquoll see

ndash Whatrsquos wrong with the soup Is it too salty not hot enough

ndash Whatrsquos not OK is not important she would like you to taste[it]

ndash What do you want from me Is there a fly in the soup or what

ndash Donrsquot ask questions Taste it and yoursquoll see for yourself

ndash But itrsquos not done (lit lsquoreceivedrsquo) sir why donrsquot you tell me whatrsquoswrong with the soup

ndash What difference does it make Go on taste it (lit lsquotaste italreadyrsquo)

ndash Right if the lady insistshellipOK Where is the spoon

The husband and wife together Ah-hahellip

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

315

Acirc 7 bdquo 6 Dagger 5 Ecirc 4 middot 3 permil 2 sbquo 1

Exercise 11

Unit 13

Exercise 1

yom menukhah kavuacute-a

levushim brsquoshakhor vrsquolavan

zeh nahug

Exercise 2

hellip harsquokisa-ot harsquoeacuteleh shmurimI kept you seats These seats are reserved (kept)

hellip lo patuacute-akh etslam They donrsquot open on Saturday They are also not open on festivals

hellip hi kim-at tamid levushah brsquolavanShe is wearing light-coloured clothes She is almost always

dressed in white

hellip ken zeh yaduacute-a laacutenuDo you know that the meeting has changed (lit lsquotherersquos a

change in the meetingrsquo) Yes (lit lsquoit is known to usrsquo) we know

Exercise 3

a a driver neacutehag

to drive lirsquonhog

driving nehigah

to behave lrsquohitnaheg

it is customary (zeh) nahug

a custom minhag

316

1 Oacutepermil divideOacuteUacute 2 OacuteEcircIuml Eumllaquomiddot 3 IumlmiddotmacrEgraveDaggerraquo 4 ˙Aacutebdquodivide)Egrave(

5 DaggerEgrave OacuteÊumlUacutemacr IumldivideOacutelaquoUacute 6 IcircIuml permilIcircmiddotlaquobdquo

EgravelaquoIgrave OacuteraquoAacutepermil middotraquoUacute

IumlmiddotraquodivideEgraveIgrave middotdivideAacutelaquo AcircIumlmiddotOcirc

Ecircpermil permilraquosbquo

1hellip permilIcircOgraveDaggerlaquo permilDaggerIumlpermil divideOacuteraquoEgraveIgrave

2hellip IumlDagger UgraveraquoAacuteDaggerÎumlIgrave

3hellip permilEgraveDagger IcircOacuteUacuteEuml OacuteEgravebdquo IumlmiddotraquodividepermilmiddotIumlmiddotOcirc

4hellip IcircOcirc Ecircpermil EgravebdquoraquoUacuteIumlraquo

permilsbquo

Iumlpermillaquosbquo

permilEgravesbquopermil

Iumlpermil˙permilsbquo

)Ecircpermil( permilraquosbquo

Oacutepermilsbquo

b believers ma-aminin belief emunah

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

tsiltsalti elaacuteyikh kol harsquoyom aval hayah tafus kol harsquozmanetslekha

af pa-am eyn lo zman hu tamid asuk

zeh yaduacute-a shersquoharsquotemperatuacuterot brsquoeylat yoter gvohot mersquoharsquotemperatuacuterot brsquotel-aviv

harsquovideo lo mekulkal ani er-eh lekhalakh ekh lrsquohadlik oto

hi kol kakh mevulbeacutelet hi lo tizkor lrsquohagid lo lrsquomale deacutelek

Exercise 6

Dagger-Oacute-Ocirc DaggerOacuteraquopermilOacuteDaggerOacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

317

OacuteraquoIcircOcirc dividemiddotraquopermil Icircraquomiddot OacuteraquoIcircEgraveIgrave Aacutedivideraquomiddot UacutelozraquoEgravepermil

1ÎumlÎumlEgrave DaggerIumlEgraveIacute IcircIuml permilEgravelaquoIgrave DaggermiddotIuml permilEgravepermil UgraveraquoOgrave IcircIuml permilEcircOacuteOcircDaggerÎumlIacute

2DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc Iumllaquo EcircOacuteOcirc permilraquoDagger OacuteEgravebdquo UacuteOgraveraquo

3Ecircpermil EgravebdquoraquoUacute dividepermilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo middotDaggerEgraveIuml Egravelaquomacr sbquomiddotlaquopermillaquo OacutepermilEumlOacuteUgraveEumlraquolaquo

middot˙Iuml- DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

4permilAcircEgravebdquoDaggerlaquo IumlDagger Oacute˜raquoIumlIuml DaggerEgrave DaggerDaggerpermil IumlIacute DaggerEgraveIacute IumlpermilbdquoIumlEgrave Daggerlaquolaquo

5permilEgraveDagger IcircIuml IcircIacute OacutemiddotraquoIumlmiddotIuml permilEgraveDagger IumlDagger EcircIcirclaquo IumlpermilsbquoEgravebdquo Iumllaquo IumlOacuteIumlDagger bdquoIuml

1ˆmiddotUacute permildivideOacutedivide middotbdquosbquoIuml permilEgraveUgraveEgrave permilraquoDagger DaggerbdquolaquoIgrave

2ˆmiddotUacute permilOacutesbquoOcirc-bdquoAcircbdquo middotbdquosbquoIuml permilEgravelozDaggerIumlEgrave

permilraquoDagger IcircAacutelaquoIuml

3ˆmiddotUacute permilUgraveOgrave permilDaggerdividelaquoOcirc OacutelozOacuteDaggerIuml middotbdquosbquoIuml permilDaggerEgraveEumlIumlEgrave permilraquoDagger

Egravelaquo

4ˆmiddotUacute permilIcirclaquoIcircmiddotEgraveIgrave middotbdquosbquoIuml permilDaggerOacutemacrEgraveDaggerEgrave permilraquoDagger IumlmiddotOcirc

5Ogravebdquomacr permilˆmiddotUacuteEgraveIgrave divideIuml permilUgraveOgraveEgraveIgrave middotbdquosbquoIuml permilmiddotIumlsbquoEgrave permilraquoDagger divideAacutelaquo

OacutelozOacuteDaggerIuml permillaquomiddot middotDaggerOacuteÛacute AcircDaggerbdquolaquoIgrave

OacuteEgraveOacuteEgraveOcirc

(in the middle barsquoemtsa)(Belgian)

(Italian)

(Star [lit lsquoshieldrsquo] of David)

Exercise 7

1 He was green with envy when he saw my new car

2 You are very sweetpretty when you blush Hannah your faceis red again

3 Yellow is the colour of the sun and also of childrenrsquos rooms itis the colour of joy

4 What colour do the English think of when they say lsquoIrsquom in abad moodrsquo (Blue)

5 I like the colour red even though it is also the colour of blood

6 Today not all brides wear white at their wedding And black isnot only the colour of sorrow

Exercise 8

in jest

seriously

happily

sadly

easily

with difficultyhardly

carefully

decisively

fast

slowly

with interest

with modesty

318

1 Egravelaquo 2 DaggerbdquoraquoOacuteEgraveIgrave 3 permillaquomiddot 4 IcircAacutelaquoIuml

5 DaggerbdquolaquoIgrave 6 IumlmiddotOcirc divideAacutelaquo

(Irsquove got the blues)

birsquotskhok

birsquortsinut

brsquosimkhah

brsquoetsev

brsquokalut

brsquokoshi

birsquozhirut

brsquohekhletiyut

birsquomhirut

bersquoitiyut

bersquoinyan

birsquotsniyut

middotÂacutelaquo




middot˜Iumlraquo








Exercise 9

1 al tishteh et harsquoteh harsquokham birsquomhirut

2 hem histaklu bersquoinyan rav barsquotmunot shersquobarsquoalbom

3 kday shersquotinhag birsquozhirut bersquoitiyut zeh eysor banuy vrsquoyesh pohharbeh yeladim

4 brsquokoshi khazaacuterti mirsquokhul ursquomiyad hayiacuteti tsarikh lirsquonsoacute-a shuv

5 hi amrah bersquoeacutetsev shersquoyesh lah be-ayot bri-ut

6 ani medaber birsquortsinut harsquomatsav mesukan

7 hi bakhurah me-od inteligeacutentit hi osah harsquokol brsquokalut

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 12

We do (not) feel comfortable visiting them without an invitation

Itrsquos (not) convenient for my mother to live in Tel Aviv (any more)

Itrsquos (never) good for me to sit at home

This doctor is (never) fed up with his patients

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

319

1 permilbdquomacr 2 Oacute˙divideIgrave 3 OacutemiddotEumlEgraveAacute 4 permilAacuteIumlEgraveUgravepermil 5 OacuteUgraveEgrave divide

6 OacuteUacutemacrEgraveIcircpermil IumlpermilÊgraveIumlIumldividelaquo Daggerhellip 7 OacuteOgraveIcircEgraveOacutepermil divide Aacutelaquodividemiddot˙ divide

1permilDaggerIgrave Icircmiddotmacr Ugravesbquodivide˙ Dagger˙ Dagger˘ permilOacuteOacutedivideIumlpermil

2permilDaggerIgrave Dagger˙ Uacutelaquomiddotbdquo middotOacuteAacuteIuml˙ DaggerUcirc-DaggerlaquoEcircOcirc-sbquolaquoOcirc

3permilDaggerIgrave Dagger˙ Oacutemacrraquopermil OacutepermilAacuteEgraveEgraveIgrave middotEgraveraquodivideIumlEgraveIgrave

4permilDaggerIgrave Dagger˙ OacuteDaggerraquoIcircEcircmiddot˙ Oacutepermil˜Egravemiddotraquoı

)IumlDagger(UacuteEgraveIgrave Iumlraquo Iumlmiddot˜macr DaggerÎumlIgrave middotIumlEgrave permilEcircOacutepermil

)Icircmiddotmacr IumlDagger(laquoAacute IumlDaggerOacuteDagger divideIumlEgrave Iumlsbquoraquo middot˙Iuml-DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

)DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDagger(Eumllaquomiddot IumlEgrave Iumldividemiddot˙ middotmiddotEgrave

)DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave IumlDagger(dividemiddotmacr IumlmacrlaquoUgraveDagger permilEcircpermil OacutepermilAacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgrave divideIumllaquo

1 middotOacutepermilEgraveraquo 2 3 middotEcircpermilEgraveraquoDaggerEgraveEumlEgraveraquo

4 middot˜laquodivideEgrave 5 middotUacuteˆmiddot 6 middotmacrÊgraveraquo 7 middot˜Iumlraquo(correct sentence)

They are still (not) fed up with the Israeli summerwith the noise

Are(nrsquot) you cold without a coat

Itrsquos (no longer) hard for him without a car of his own

Exercise 13

1 all in the past tense ndash binyan pi-el

2 all in future tense binyan pa-al middle letter or

3 all in future tense binyan hitpa-el

4 all in hif-il (various tenses)

Reading comprehension Translation

Jerusalema The Tower of David 3000 years ago King David made

Jerusalem into the national and religious centre of the peopleof Israel Today the Tower is a museum which explains thehistory of Jerusalem through its various periods of government

b The Knesset the parliament of the State of Israel In Israel thereare 120 members of parliament ndash Jews Arabs and Druze

c The Western Wall situated on Mount Moriah which is calledthe Temple Mount in Israel The Jews believe that it was whereAbraham was about to scarifice Isaac King Solomon built theFirst Temple there and Herod the Second Temple of whichonly the Western Wall remains today

d Yad Varsquoshem ndash the museum in memory of the HolocaustArchives for research and documentation can also be foundhere Also the avenue of trees to the memory of the righteousof the nations of the world The name Yad Varsquoshem comes fromIsaiah 565

e The Dome of the Rock This is the mosque with the famousgolden dome that one always sees on pictures of Jerusalem Aholy place for the Muslims also situated on Mount Moriah

EgraveAcircUacuterdquoAcirc

320

)Uacutelaquobdquo IumlDagger(OacuteDaggerOgrave IumlpermilIgrave Oacutepermil˜Egraveı permilEgravelozDaggerIumlEgrave OacutepermilmacrUacutedivide

)IumlDagger(˜macr IumlIacute middotIumlEgrave OacuteUacuteEgraveIuml

)Icircmiddotmacr IumlDagger(˜lozpermil Iumllaquo middotIumlEgrave macrIcircmiddot OacutedivideIumllaquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

321

The other important mosque [on the Temple Mount] is calledthe Al-Aksa mosque

f Via Dolorosa ndash the last road Jesus walked with his cross Hestopped a number of times on the way

g The Church of the Holy Sepulchre built by St Helen the motherof the emperor Constantine in the Byzantine period Christiansbelieve that she built the church on the spot where Jesus wascrucified

Exercise 14

1 In the Tower of David

2 The Knesset There are 120 members

3 On Mount Moriah called the Temple Mount ndash inHebrew lsquohar harsquobayitrsquo

4 The Dome of the Rock kipat harsquoseacutela and the Al Aksa mosque misgad al-aksah

5 In Hebrew it is called lsquothe Western Wallrsquo harsquokoacutetel harsquoma-aravi since this western wall is all that remains of

the Second Temple (built by King Herod on the site)

6 Yad Varsquoshem

7 Paragraph

8 knesiyat harsquokeacutever harsquokadosh

9 On the spot where Jesus was crucified barsquomakom bo yeacuteshu nitslav

Exercise 15

the capital Kingdom First Temple Babylon Zion Romanprovince Second Titus Byzantine Constantine Crusader rule Ottoman British between Jerusalem

Exercise 16

1 = c brsquoreyshit bara elohim et harsquoshamaacuteyim vrsquoet harsquoaacuterets2 = b lo yisa goy el goy kheacuterev vrsquolo yilmedu od milkhamah3 = d al naharot bavel sham yashaacutevnu gam-bakhiacutenu brsquozokhreacutenu

et tsiyon

middotOacute˜laquoIgrave middotlaquo Egravedivideraquo Iumlmiddot

IcircOgraveEgraveEgrave permil˜middotmacr permil˜bdquolaquodivide

Acirc

Egravebdquo AcircdivideIgrave

permilIcirclaquoIuml permilOacuteUacutemacrmiddotEgrave

OacuteOgravesbquobdquo DaggerIuml-Dagger˜ˆpermilIcircEgraveUgrave permilOgraveIumlUacute

permilmacr permilmiddotEgravepermilmacr permilOacutelaquoEgravepermil

permilIcircOgrave˙ Egravedivide 021AacutemiddotmacrEgrave IcircOgrave˙

middotOacutesbquobdquoIuml bdquoAcircbdquo

4 = a mah-shersquohaya hu shersquoyihiyeh ursquomah-shersquona-asah hushersquoye-aseh vrsquoeyn kol khadash taacutekhat harsquosheacutemesh

5 = e shalakh lakhmekha al pney harsquomayim ki brsquorov harsquoyamimtimtsa-eacutenu

Unit 14

Exercise 1

1 Yoursquore not a millionaire donrsquot waste your moneyeynkha milyoner al tevazbez et harsquokeacutesef

2 Yoursquore not a good actress at eynekh sakhkanit tovah

3 They donrsquot understand what yoursquore saying hem eynammevinim mah shersquoatah omer

4 Peter is not in the office this week he went abroadpiter eyno barsquomisrad harsquoshavuacute-a hu nasa lrsquokhul

5 I donrsquot know who wrote the article but I do know that itrsquosboring eyneacuteni yodaacute-at mi katav et harsquoma-amar aval ani kenyodaacute-at shersquohu mesha-amem

Exercise 2

Dialogue 2

322

1 DaggerEgraveIacute 2 DaggerEgraveIacute 3 DaggerEgraveIgrave 4 DaggerEgravelaquo 5 DaggerEgraveEgrave

DaggerAacuteEgrave AcircDaggerdivide˙laquo middotlaquo AcircIcircIumllaquo bdquolaquobdquoEgrave AcircmiddotUacuteIumlpermil permildivideEgrave DaggerAacutelaquopermil OacuteOacuteIumlmiddotlaquoOcirc

AcircIcircIuml OacutedivideUgraveAacute˙raquo OacuteEgraveraquoEgravelaquo˜

AcircOacutepermilˆbdquo permildivideEgravehellippermilIgrave permilEcircOacuteEgraveraquo Dagger˙ IcircIuml AacutemiddotmacrEgravepermilIgrave IumlUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermil

hellipAcircpermilUacuteEgravemacr divideEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIcircIgrave EgravepermilEgraveraquo OacuteDaggerraquodividemacrEgraveIgrave (yeladekhem)(work colleagues)

(khavrehem)(mishpakhteacutenu) (mirsquomeacutelborn)

OacutemacrIcircEcircEgraveEgravepermilOacutelaquobdquoEgraveUacuteEgraveOcirc divideIumllaquoIgrave - middotOacutepermil DaggerUgravedividemacr IumlUacuteEcirclaquo IumlIacute

UgraveEgraveEumlmacrDaggerEgrave macrEgraveIacute Dagger˙ OacuteOgraveUgravemacr permilEumlIumlUgravelaquoOcirc divideIuml divideEgraveraquoEgrave DaggerIuml-UacuteIuml middotmiddot˜dividepermil


UgraveEgraveEumlmacrIumlDagger DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil IumldivideIumllaquoAacute Dagger˙ permilOacuteEumlUacuteOcirc IumlUgraveEgrave permilEumlEgraveOgravepermil

Exercise 3

1 A light aircraft has landed on one wheel

a one of the wheels was not functioning

b on Saturday afternoon at Ben Gurion airport

c because he wanted to lsquoburnrsquo fuel to reduce the weight of theplane before landing

Translation 1A flying schoolrsquos light aircraft made an emergency landing on onewheel at Ben Gurion airport The incident happened on Saturdayafternoon There were three passengers in the aircraft ndash a flightinstructor and two traineesDuring the flight the instructor discovered that one of the wheels

of the plane was not functioning He went on flying for three hoursin an attempt to repair the damage and to burn fuel in order toreduce the weight of the aircraft In the end the aircraft managedto land safely on one wheel while at the airport ambulances andfire engines were lsquowaitingrsquo (for the aircraft)

2 Puppaccino Bar

a Manrsquos best friend yedido harsquotov brsquoyoter shel harsquoadam

b Recently la-akhronah

c Customers lakokhot

d In Australia

e Soya milk and pieces of meat

Translation 2Manrsquos best friend also deserves to have a good time just like ahuman being This at least is what they think in Australia Thatrsquoswhere theyrsquove recently opened a cafe for dogs that serves among

IumllaquoAacutelaquo

IumlDaggerAacutemacrlaquopermil

EgravebdquoEgravebdquolaquo permilEumllaquomiddot middotEgravelaquomacr divideIuml permilDaggerbdquoIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

323

OacuteEumllaquoOgrave Iuml Aacute˙ UacuteIuml sbquoIumlsbquoIuml DaggerAacutebdquo

OacutemacrIcircEcircEgravepermilDagger˙permil macrEgraveIacute IumlÎumlÎuml IumldivideEgraveraquo EumlmacrlaquoIgrave EumlEgraveOgravepermil permilOacuteOgraveUgravemacr

1234 556 30


other things lsquopupaccinorsquo ndash cappuccino designed for dogs madefrom soya milk and pieces of meat In the picture [you can see]lsquocustomersrsquo meeting over a cup of coffee

34 Good news The dollar goes downThe Israeli shekel is closely linked to the US dollar ndash when it goesdown the shekel goes upBad newsThe price of electricity is on the rise

Translation 3The dollar fell last week by 15 On Monday morning the dollarwas sold in the bank at 482 shekels The reason for the fall thegovernment accepted the economic plan and the security situationhas improved

Translation 4The price of electricity went up on Thursday this week by 534The reason for the increase the increase in the price of petrol InJune the price of electricity will go up by 6

Exercise 4

harsquokvutzah harsquoisreelit harsquorishonah shersquosiymah et harsquoeacuteko-tchalengebrsquonyu ziland haya me-od kasheh harsquotna-im hayu bilti efshari-imtsa-aacutednu barsquoreacutegel brsquoharim tlulim birsquomyukhad brsquokor ayom im me-at me-od shenah kim-at bli mazon hitkhaacutelnu im hamon tikvahaval gamaacuternu ktsat lifney harsquomakom harsquoakharon zeh lo hayamiskhak yeladim aval khavayah shersquoaf paacute-am lo nishkakh

The first Israeli team to complete the Eco challenge in NewZealand ldquoIt was very difficult Conditions were impossible Wemarched on foot in particularly steep mountains in extreme coldwith very little sleep almost without food We started with highhopes but we finished a little before the last place It was not childrsquosplay but an experience that we will never forgetrdquo

Exercise 5

(In order)Pretty Woman The Lion King Murder on the Orient ExpressHarry Potter A Midsummer Nightrsquos Dream (Shakespeare)

OacuteAacuteEgrave permilAacutedivideOacuteIuml UacutelaquoIumlpermil

permilbdquolaquoIumlmacr Egravelaquobdquo

324

Exercise 6

1 Yossi and Miss Brazil (Unit 4 Exercise 12)mariacuteyah gonzaacuteles lo hikarti (I didnrsquot recognize) otkhayoacutesi harsquodieacutetah hitslikha (succeeded) li nakhon

2 Uri and his mother (Unit 4 Exercise 10)ima shel uri rak li atah oseh be-ayot im harsquooacutekheluri akhshav avar li harsquote-avon

3 Gady consulting the diary in his hand to Gilah (Unit 7Exercise 9)gadi (lrsquogilah) barsquoshavuacute-a harsquoba brsquoshabat barsquoeacuterev yesh li sha-ahpnuyahhellip

4 Shlomo and Dvorah from the kibbutz (Unit 9 Dialogue 1)talking to the couple from the bus (Unit 8 Dialogue 3)shlomo ursquodvorah harsquoyom harsquokhayim lo kmo paacute-am harsquokolme-od yakarhellip harsquozug mersquoharsquooacutetobus lo tamid ra-iacutenu moda-ah al mivtsameyukhad ursquobarsquostav anaacutekhnu nos-im lirsquodrom ameacuterikahhellip

5 Nekhamah to Yael (Unit 9 Exercise 5) nekhaacutemah lrsquoya-el kvar avart dirah

6 Maya and Peter (everywhere)maya lrsquopiter haleluacute-yahpiter lrsquomaya at rotsah lirsquokro et kol zeh akhshav

7 A learnergamarti et harsquokurs mah pit-om rak hitkhaacutelti

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325

Appendix I

Transliterations forUnits 10ndash14Unit 10

Dialogue 1

piter ani mevin shersquoatem khaverim barsquokibuts nakhon mahatem osim

ido kshersquokhazaacuterti mersquoharsquotiyul barsquomizrakh harsquorakhok (zothaytah harsquokhufshah sheli akharey harsquosherut barsquotsava)himshaacutekhti la-avod barsquopardes kmo shersquotamid asiacutetibrsquokhufshot mirsquobeyt harsquoseacutefer paacute-am ratsiacuteti lirsquohiyotsakhkan mi yodeacute-a ulay yom ekhad aval akhshav anima-adif lirsquohiyot karov larsquomishpakhah sheli lamrotshersquorov harsquokhaverim sheli ozvim et harsquokibuts

piter khaacuteyah gam at tiyalt akharey harsquotsavakhaacuteyah lo halaacutekhti larsquouniveacutersitah vrsquoakhshav ani oveacutedet barsquomif-

al barsquoma-abadah zeh me-anyen oti ki lamaacutedtikhiacutemiyah

piter ekh anashim tse-irim kamoacutekhem mevalim et harsquozmanharsquopanuy

khaacuteyah yesh laacutenu harsquokol poh ulam sport brekhah kolnoacute-atizmoacuteret makrsquohelah kol miney khugim drama tsiyurrikud yesh mah la-asot

piter nishma ide-aacuteliido ken ulay kshersquoaacuteba sheli higiacute-a me-irak krsquoyeacuteled hayah

lo khalom lirsquovnot poh gan-eacuteden harsquoyom yesh laacutenuharsquokol aval beyntaacuteyim eyn shalom yesh rak tikvot

Dialogue 2

maya atah toshav tsfatish ken ani ekhad mersquoharsquoomanim shersquogarim poh mah atem

omrim al harsquonof mirsquopoh efshar lir-ot lo rak et harmeron eacutela brsquoyom bahir gam et harsquokineacuteret tiyaacuteltem kvarbarsquoir

piter lo od lo zot harsquopaacute-am harsquorishonah sheli birsquotsfat mahkeday laacutenu lirsquor-ot

harsquoish yesh harbeh mah lirsquor-ot lirsquotsfat yesh histoacuteriyah ashirahbarsquome-ot harsquoshtem esreh vrsquoharsquoshlosh esreh birsquotkufatharsquotsalbanim tsfat haytah mivtsar ba-al khashivutestrateacutegit yoter me-ukhar birsquotkufat harsquoshilton harsquoturkibarsquome-ah harsquoshesh esreh hityashvu birsquotsfat yehudimshersquobaacute-u mirsquosfarad vrsquohi hafkhah lrsquomerkaz tarbutivrsquorukhani gadol poh khaacuteyu rabanim gdolim virsquoydu-imshamaacutetem al harsquoraacutebi izkhak luacuterya

maya ken vaday harsquokabalist harsquomefursamharsquoish nakhon keday lakhem lersquovaker brsquoveyt harsquokneacuteset al shem

luacuterya shersquonimtsa brsquoakhat harsquosimta-ot barsquoir harsquoatikahpiter atah mit-anyen brsquokabalahharsquoish lo brsquodiyuk aval mah shersquohevi oti lirsquotsfat zeh brsquokhol zot

harsquoavirah harsquomyukheacutedet vrsquokamuvan gam harsquokehilahharsquoomanutit


Peterrsquos letter home harsquomikhtav shel piterharsquobaacuteytah

karolin vrsquoadam harsquoykarimkhazaacuterti harsquoeacuterev mirsquobikur nehedar shel arba-ah yamim barsquogalilnasaacuteti lrsquokheyfah ir me-od yafah al khof harsquoyam ursquomirsquosham larsquokibutsshel harsquohorim shel maya akharey harsquoshabat hitkhaacutelnu et harsquotiyulbrsquovikur me-od me-anyen barsquokfar harsquodruzi lsquodaliat el-karmelrsquo brsquodeacuterekhlirsquotsfat dibaacuternu im kaacutemah druzim shersquohisbiacuteru laacutenu ktsat alharsquokehilah harsquomeyukheacutedet shelahem hem ezrakhim isre-elim lrsquokholdavar vrsquokhayavim brsquosherut tsva-i kmo kulam

mirsquosham nasaacutenu lirsquotsfat ir omanim me-od tsiyurit vrsquokaniacuteti shammatanot lrsquokulkhem akhar kakh himshaacutekhnu larsquokhof harsquotsfoni shelyam kineacuteret vrsquobikaacuternu brsquoCapernaum (brsquoivrit - kfar nakhum) shamra-iacutenu et harsquosridim shel beyt harsquokneacuteset harsquobizaacutenti mersquoharsquome-ahharsquorevi-it shersquobo hetif yeacuteshu akhar kakh himshaacutekhnu daroacutemah

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327

lrsquokhamat gader vrsquohitrakhaacutetsnu barsquoma-ayanot harsquokhamim

harsquoisre-elim do-agim miflas harsquomaacuteyim barsquokineacuteret yored kol shanahharsquobe-ayah kamuvan hi shersquobrsquoisrael lo yored maspik geacuteshembarsquodeacuterekh khazarah harsquobaacuteytah bikaacuterti gam brsquonatseacuteret pagaacuteshnunotsrim shersquonatnu laacutenu lrsquohikanes lirsquoknesiyat harsquobsorah lamrotshersquokvar hayah sagur lrsquohafsakat tsohoraacuteyim

yesh od harbeh mah lirsquor-ot ani me-od mekaveh larsquokhzor yom ekhaditkhem vrsquolarsquoasot tiyul yoter arokh vrsquoaz lersquovaker gam birsquotveacuteryah

drishat shalom lrsquokulamneshikot piter

Unit 11

Dialogue 1

piter matay nagiacute-amaya lefi harsquotnu-ah ani khosheacutevet shersquonagiacute-a lifney

harsquotsohoraacuteyimpiter me-od kham harsquoyom ani mamash lo yakhol lersquokhakot

ad shersquonitrakhets brsquoyam harsquomeacutelakhmaya shakhaacutekhta shersquobrsquoyam harsquomeacutelakh i esfshar mamash

liskhot zeh lo na-im kshersquomeacutelakh nikhnas larsquoeynaacuteyimkhuts mirsquozeh biglal harsquomineraacutelim shersquobarsquoyam zeh ktsatkmo lrsquohitrakhets brsquosheacutemen maluacute-akhhellip

piter ani batuacute-akh shersquozot khavayah ani rotseh tmunahkshersquoani tsaf vrsquokore iton barsquomaacuteyim akheacuteret lo ya-amiacutenuli barsquobaacuteyit

maya ani mavtikhah shersquoatsalem otkha (After a break) oyva-avoy yesh laacutenu be-ayah

piter mah karah lamah atsartmaya ani khosheacutevet shersquogam larsquoreacutekhev yoter miday kham ani

matsi-ah shersquolo namshikh lifney shersquonevakesh ezrah anietstarekh lersquotalfen

piter tov shersquoyesh lanu telefon nayad ani met lirsquoshtot eyfohharsquomaacuteyim shersquoheveacutenu(Peter starts looking for the water on the back seat)

maya lo ta-amin piter gam harsquoteacutelefon mekulkal

328

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329

piter eyn laacutenu mazal harsquoyom mah harsquosha-ah ulay brsquokhol zotnamshikh anaacutekhnu kim-at sham

Dialogue 2

maya az mah akhshavpiter tagidi ldquoamaacuterti lekhardquo varsquoani argish ashemmaya zeh brsquoseacuteder gam ani ashemah ulay tistakel barsquomanoacute-apiter ani lo mevin davar birsquomkhoniyot hey tir-i sham al yad

harsquokvasim omed ro-eh bedu-i vrsquondash eacuteyzeh nes ndash medaberbrsquotelefon nayad ulay hu ya-azor lanu

maya ken taruts maher lifney shersquohu boreacute-akh

(Peter runs over to the Bedouin while Maya watches hisexcited waving of hands from the car Eventually Peterreturns to the car with a friendly looking man ndash and themobile phone)

piter hineh tetsaltseli lrsquomisheacutehu lersquovakesh ezrahmaya hakhi tov shersquoetkasher lrsquomoshe barsquomusakh vrsquonishma

mah hu yatsiacute-a


maya takshiv hu yagid lanu brsquodiyuk mah la-asot o key altiftakh et mikhseh harsquomanoacute-a tekhakeh adshersquoharsquoreacutekhev yitkarer ktsat vrsquoaz tivdok im yesh maacuteyimbarsquoradi-aacutetor

(After waiting Peter opens the bonnet)

piter eyfoh brsquodiyuk harsquoradi-aacutetorharsquobedu-i tekhef ani ar-eh lekhamaya yofi todah halo moshe matsaacutenu et harsquoradi-aacutetor zeh

harsquomeykhal im harsquomikhseh nakhon zeh reyk pitertemale et zeh brsquovakashah brsquomaacuteyim aval birsquozhirut ki zehkham

piter eacuteyzeh mazal shersquoheveacuteti bakbuk maacuteyim gadol zehuharsquoradi-aacutetor male vrsquolamadti masheacutehu khadash

Dialogue 3

karyan takhazit meacutezeg harsquoavir larsquoyamim harsquokrovim harsquosharavyimashekh brsquorov azorey harsquoaacuterets likrat sof harsquoshavuacute-atsfuyah yeridah barsquotemperatuacuterot harsquotemperatuacuterotlrsquomakharhellipbrsquoeyzor yam harsquomeacutelakh beyn esrim vrsquoshaloshma-aacutelot tseacutelsius barsquolaylah ad shloshim vrsquokhamesh ma-alot barsquoyom

maya kmo shersquokhashaacutevti makhar yihyeh od yoter khamharsquokhom poh oleh al harsquoatsabim lo peacutele shersquoharsquoisre-elimnos-im kmo meshuga-im

piter tov shersquoyesh lakh mizug avir barsquootomaya ken hayu lanu hamon te-unot drakhim az harsquoyom yesh

khok kol reacutekhev khayav brsquomizug avirpiter harsquonehagim mitnahagim yoter yafeh barsquokhoacuterefmaya halevay barsquokhoacuteref gam tsarikh lirsquonsoacute-a birsquozhirut ki yesh

sakanot akherot lrsquomashal poh barsquoneacutegev yesh lif-amimshitfonot kshersquoyordim gshamim kvedim

piter lrsquofakhot lo yored lakhem geacuteshem kol harsquozman kmoetsleacuteynu

Unit 12

Dialogue 1

akhot adoni atah lo ro-eh et harsquosheacutelet eyn knisah lirsquoklavimkholeh mah at rotsah shersquoani e-eseh im harsquokeacutelev misken tir-i

eyzeh keacutelev naki tni li lrsquohash-ir oto poh hu lo ohevlirsquohiyot levado barsquobaacuteyit

akhot ani mitsta-eacuteret adoni tafsik lersquovakesh zeh lo ya-azorlekha barsquopa-am harsquoba-ah mtsa larsquokeacutelev baybi sitervrsquoakhshav kshor oto brsquovakashah barsquokhuts

kholeh eyn lakh reacutegesh lrsquokhayot kham barsquokhutsakhot tagid larsquokeacutelev shelkha shersquoyeshev barsquotsel (To Peter)

piter grin male brsquovakashah et harsquotoacutefes lifney shersquoatah nikhnaslarsquorofe

(Peter goes in to see the doctor)

330

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331

piter doktor ani brsquoemet lo margish tov yesh li ke-ev roshmersquoetmol barsquoeacuterev ko-eacutevet li harsquobeacuteten vrsquoyesh li bkhilah

rofe bo aleh al harsquomitah vrsquoevdok otkha lamrot shersquoanikhoshev shersquoefshar lersquonakhesh mah karah lekha bilita etkol harsquoyom barsquosheacutemesh etmol

piter davkah lo omnam hitrakhaacutetsti brsquoyam harsquomeacutelakh avalzeh hayah akharey harsquotsohoraacuteyim kshersquoharsquosheacutemeshpakhot khazakah

rofe atah lo ragil larsquokhom vrsquoharsquoshe-elah hi im gam shatiacutetamaspik

piter ekh yadaacuteta nakhon birsquomkom lirsquoshtot et harsquomayimsamti otam barsquoradi-aacutetor shel harsquooacutetohellip

Dialogue 2

piter mi zeh maya efshar lrsquohikanesmaya hay ekh atah margish al tazuz mersquoharsquomitah ani eshev

al harsquokiseh lrsquoyadkha mah harsquorofe amarpiter hu amar shersquoani ekhyeh vrsquoim gam ezkor lishtot maspik

az zeh lo yikreh li shuvmaya hayiacuteti tsrikhah lirsquoshmor aleacutekha lo nizhaacuterti maspik

akharey harsquokol atah lo ragil larsquokaacuteyits harsquoisre-elipiter al tid-agi ani brsquoemet brsquoseacuteder ani gam lo mitkaven

lrsquohisha-er barsquomitah kol harsquoyom al tishkekhi shersquood lonifgaacuteshti im mar blum mersquoharsquomif-al vrsquohu mekhakeh lanubrsquoaacuterba

maya atah khoshev shersquozot khutspah lersquovakesh mimeacutenushersquoyavo lrsquohipagesh itkha barsquomalon

piter brsquohekhlet ursquovrsquokhol mikreh bishvili yihiyeh yoter tovlarsquoleacutekhet elav ki ani gam rotseh lir-ot et harsquomif-al

maya ani ro-ah shersquoatah lo mevater brsquokalut hakhlamahmehirah

piter todah az lrsquohitra-ot brsquoshalosh varsquokheacutetsi

Dialogue 3

maya laacutemah rak brsquoshalosh varsquokheacutetsi atah lo ra-evpiter eyn li te-avon harsquoyom ani rak tsamemaya ani asaper lekha bdikhah ulay zeh ya-aseh lekha

te-avon

mishpakhah yosheacutevet brsquomis-adah harsquomeltsar magishlarsquoishah tsalaacutekhat marak harsquoishah mistakeacutelet el harsquoba-alvrsquohu kor-e larsquomeltsar

harsquobaacute-al ishti mevakeacuteshet shersquotit-am mersquoharsquomarakmeltsar mah pit-omharsquobaacute-al tit-am vrsquotir-ehmeltsar mah lo brsquoseacuteder im harsquomarak hu maluacute-akh miday lo

maspik khamharsquobaacute-al lo khashuv mah lo brsquoseacuteder hi mevakeacuteshet shersquotit-ammeltsar mah atah rotseh mimeacuteni yesh zvuv barsquomarak o mahharsquobaacute-al al tish-al she-elot tit-am vrsquotir-eh brsquoatsmekhameltsar aval zeh lo mekubal adoni lamah shersquolo tagid li mah lo

brsquoseacuteder im harsquomarakharsquobaacute-al mah zeh meshaneh tit-am kvarmeltsar tov im harsquogveacuteret mit-akeacuteshethellipo key eyfoh harsquokafharsquobaacute-al vrsquoharsquoishah yakhad ah hahhelliphellip

Unit 13

Dialogue 1

piter zeh seacutefer kaved ulay ekhzor makharba-al hersquokhanut lo adoni mah pit-om ani yehudi dati etsli

sagur brsquoshabat atah lo mirsquopoh nakhonpiter nakhon ani mersquoaacutengliyahba-al hersquokhanut etslakhem lo ovdim brsquoyom rishon nakhonpiter lo brsquokhol makom paacute-am zeh hayah kaacutekhah

aval harsquoyom rov harsquoanashim lo shomrim alyom menukhah kavuacute-a vrsquoefshar lirsquomtsokhanuyot ptukhot kol harsquozman

ba-al hersquokhanut etsleacutenu nahug akheacuteret harsquomuslemim shomrim alyom harsquoshishi krsquoyom menukhah harsquonotsrimkamuvan mevakrim barsquoknesiyah brsquoyom rishonursquovrsquoshabat lo timtsa harbeh mekomot ptukhimpoh garim harbeh ma-aminim zot ir kdoshahlrsquofakhot lrsquokol harsquodatot harsquomonote-iacutestiyot kmoharsquoyahadut harsquonatsrut vrsquoharsquoislam

piter brsquoemet samti lev shersquoro-im anshey dat shonimbarsquorkhovot kulam levushim brsquoshakhor vrsquolavan

332

ba-al hersquokhanut ken anshey dat brsquodeacuterekh klal mitlabshimbirsquotsniyut aval lrsquofi da-atkha efshar larsquokhshov alyerushalaacuteyim brsquoshakhor vrsquolavan

piter lrsquomah atah mitkavenba-al hersquokhanut pashut harsquohistoacuteriyah shel yerushalaacuteyim mar-ah

shersquoanashim ba-aley emunot shonot ro-im etharsquoir harsquokdoshah lahem brsquoor shoneh

piter ani ro-eh et yerushalaacuteyim krsquoir shel zahav kmobarsquoshir shel na-omi sheacutemer ldquo yerushalaacuteyim shelzahav vrsquoshel nekhoacuteshet vrsquo shel orhelliprdquo

Dialogue 2

ayelet maya eacuteyzo hafta-ah mah at osah pohmaya ayeacutelet eacuteyzeh yoacutefi mirsquozman lo ra-iacuteti otakh at nir-et

nehedar piter zot ayeacutelet khaverah tovah shelimersquoharsquouniveacutersitah (To Ayelet) piter gam itonayanaacutekhnu mistovevim ba-aacuterets vrsquoani mekavah shersquohumitrashem lrsquotovah

ayeacutelet na-im me-od mah tikhtov aleacuteynu piterpiter et harsquoemet kamuvanayeacutelet bli safek maya harsquoim at od oveacutedet brsquo ldquoma-arivrdquomaya lo hekhlaacutefti avodah ani brsquo ldquokol yisra-elrdquo vrsquomah itakh

at beacutetakh barsquodeacuterekh lirsquohyot rosh harsquomemshalah hakhitse-irah barsquomizrakh harsquotikhon

ayeacutelet titpal-i ulay tit-akhzevi aval kvar nishbar limersquoharsquopoliacutetikah ani psikholoacutegit brsquomakhleacuteket harsquoyladimbrsquohadasah

maya ani lo me-ukhzeacutevet ani davkah ma-arikha otakh gamkaacutekhah at yekholah lersquohatsil et harsquoolam

ayelet versquoat at merutsah mersquoharsquoavodah mah im harsquoide-aacutelimshelakh azavt et harsquokibuts lrsquogaacutemrey

maya lo ani adaacuteyin khaverat kibuts ursquobirsquokhlal mi omershersquolrsquoitona-im eyn ide-aacutelim

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333


yerushalayim

a migdal david lifney shloacuteshet alafim shanah david harsquomeacutelekhasah et yerushalaacuteyim lrsquomerkaz le-umi vrsquodati shel am isra-elharsquoyom harsquomigdal hu muze-on shersquomasbir et harsquohistoacuteryah shelyerushalaacuteyim deacuterekh tkufot harsquoshilton harsquoshonot

b harsquokneacuteset harsquoparlament shel medinat isra-el brsquoisra-el yesh me-ah vrsquoesrim khavrey kneacuteset yehudim arvim ursquodruzim

c harsquokoacutetel harsquoma-aravi nimtsa al har harsquomoriyah shersquonikrabrsquoisra-el - har harsquobaacuteyit harsquoyehudim ma-aminim shersquosham avrahamamad lrsquohakriv et yitskhak sham banah harsquomeacutelekh shlomo et beytharsquomikdash harsquorishon vrsquoharsquomeacutelekh hordus et beyt harsquomikdashharsquosheni mirsquozeh nish-ar harsquoyom rak harsquokoacutetel (harsquokir) harsquoma-aravi

d yad vrsquoshem harsquomuze-on lrsquozeacutekher harsquosho-ah barsquomakom nimtsagam harsquoarkhiyon lersquomekhkar vrsquotiyud vrsquogam sderat harsquoetsimlrsquozeacutekher khasidey umot harsquoolam harsquoshem ba mirsquoyishayahnunrdquovav khamesh

e misgad kipat harsquoseacutela zeh harsquomisgad im kipat harsquozahavharsquomefurseacutemet shersquoro-im tamid barsquotmunot shel yerushalaacuteyimmakom kadosh lrsquomuslemim gam hu nimtsa al har harsquobaacuteyitharsquomisgad harsquokhashuv harsquosheni nikra misgad el-aacuteksa

f viyah doloroacuteza harsquodeacuterekh harsquoakhronah shersquobah yeacuteshu halakhim harsquotslav barsquodeacuterekh hu atsar pe-amim mispar

g knesiyat harsquokeacutever harsquokadosh ota banah harsquokeysar konstantinbarsquotkufah harsquobizaacutentit harsquonotsrim ma-aminim shersquohu banah etharsquokensiyah barsquomakom bo yeacuteshu nitslav

334

Unit 14

Dialogue 1

im atah metsaltsel brsquokeacutesher larsquomoda-ah barsquoiton hakesh akhatlersquotashlum kheshbon deacuterekh harsquoteacutelefon hakesh shtaacuteyimim ishtekha barkhah mersquoharsquobaacuteyit hakesh shaloshim atah rotseh lersquodaber im harsquobos atah tsarikh kodem lirsquomtso otohu mevukash al yedey harsquomishtarahim eyn lekha mah lrsquohagid hakesh arbaim atah brsquokhol zot rotseh lrsquohash-ir hoda-ah hakesh khamesh o im atah rotseh lrsquohikanes hakesh barsquodelet

Dialogue 2

merkaziyah modi-in shalom ndash barsquomeh efshar la-azor lekhapiter ani tsarikh et mispar harsquoteacutelefon shel sherutey el al

brsquovakashahmerkaziyah atah tsarikh mo-ed hamra-ah o nekhitahpiter lo ani rotseh lirsquoshloacute-akh et harsquomit-an lifney harsquotisah merkaziyah atah tsarikh lersquotsaltsel lrsquosherut trom tisah harsquomispar

eacutefes shalosh shesh me-ot khamishim vrsquokhamesharba shalosh shtaacuteyim akhat

piter todah rabah shalom

(Peter finally gets the right number but has to waitwhen he hearshellip)

sherut el al shalom ndash kol harsquoamadot tfusot nahhamten vrsquote-aneh lrsquofi harsquotor


piter ani rotseh lirsquoshloacute-akh et harsquomit-an makhar le-an anitsarikh lrsquohavi oto

pkidah matay harsquotisah shelkhapiter mokhrotaacuteyim me-od mukdam barsquoboacutekerpkidah metsuyan im ta-aseh tshek-in yom koacutedem tukhal

lirsquoshon ad yoter me-ukhar barsquoboacutekerpiter zeh harsquora-ayon

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335

336

pkidah harsquoktoacutevet hi rekhov ben-yehudah esrim vrsquokhameshpatu-akh beyn harsquosha-othellip


Important people anashim khashuvim

nehag aval kvodo zeh bilti efshari harsquonesi-a lokaacutekhatlrsquofakhot khatsi sha-ah im esa maher midayharsquomishtarah ta-atsor oti vrsquoyikkhu li et harsquorishayon

harsquoapifyor ani mukhrakh lrsquohagiacute-a maher eyn brerah ten li etharsquomaftekhot brsquovakashah ani enhag brsquoatsmi

nehag ekh shersquoatah rotseh

(The Pope sits at the wheel steps on the accelera-tor and drives at 150 km per hour Itrsquos not longbefore a policeman stops him The policeman takesa look at the driver and calls his boss)

shoter alef yesh li poh nehag shersquoavar al harsquomehirut harsquomuteacuterethu nasa me-ah vrsquokhamishim kilomeacuteter lrsquosha-ah ndashmah la-asot

shoter bet mah zot omeacuteret mah shersquotsarikh la-asot larsquotet loknas lirsquovdok im hu shatah larsquoatsor oto taluyhellip

shoter alef zeh lo kol kakh pashut hu ish me-od khashuvshoter bet kaacutemah khashuv mah hu sar barsquomemshalahshoter alef lo yoter khashuvshoter bet mah hu harsquoramatkal harsquonasishoter alef lo od yoter khashuvshoter bet mah atah medaber shtuyot mi khashuv yoter

mersquoharsquonasi rosh harsquomemshalahshoter alef lo harbeh yoter khashuvshoter bet nu kvar az mi zehshoter alef ani lo yodeacute-a aval harsquoapifyor hu harsquonehag shelo

Appendix II

Quick GrammarReference

Sentence structure

The noun sentence

I am Peter Green ani piter grinThe literal translation of the Hebrew would be lsquoI Peter GreenrsquoHebrew implies rather than expresses the verb lsquoto bersquo in thepresent tense

Questions

Questions keep the word order of statements but the intonationchanges as the pitch rises towards the end of the sentence Areyou Peter Greenatah piter grin

Questions can be introduced with harsquoim (which is nottranslated)

Are you Peter Green harsquoim atah piter grin

Or with common question wordswho miwhat mahwhere eyfoh from where me-ayinto where le-anwhen matay Oacute˙Egrave

IumlDaggerOcircOacuteDaggerEgraveOcircDaggerEgraveUgravepermil

OacutepermilOacuteEgrave

permilDaggerIgrave Dagger˙permil UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoEgraveOcirc

permilDaggerIgrave

Dagger˙permil UgraveEgraveEumlmacr sbquoEgraveOcirc


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

338

why laacutemahhow ekhhow much kamahwhichwhat eyzeheyzo

Negation

In order to negate a statement or question insert lo in frontof the word you are negating Note that in Hebrew means bothlsquonorsquo and lsquonotrsquo

Are you a professor No Irsquom not a professoratah profeacutesor lo ani lo profesor

Words such as

lsquoneverrsquo af paacute-am

lsquono-onersquo af ekhad

lsquonothingrsquo shum dabar

do not replace but appear (not strictly correctly) in colloquialHebrew as additional negatives

I said nothing lo amarti klum

She ate nothing hi lo akhlah shum davar

Parts of speech

Articles

Hebrew has no indefinite article (lsquoarsquo or lsquoanrsquo) but it does have adefinite article lsquoThersquo ha attaches itself to the noun as a prefix

girlfriend khaverah

the girlfriend harsquokhaverah permilAacutemiddotmacrpermil


permil

permilEgraveDagger IumlDagger DaggerIcircIumlpermil divideraquoIgrave bdquomiddotmacr

IumlDagger DaggerOacutemacrEgrave IcircIumlraquoIgrave

IumlDagger

divideraquoIgrave bdquomiddotmacrIcircIumlraquoIgrave

DaggerUcirc DaggerAacutebdquo

DaggerUcirc UgraveUacuteIgrave



DaggerEgraveEcircpermilDaggerEgraveEcirclaquoIcircOacutepermil

DaggerEgraveIacuteIumlOacutepermil

Proper names as in English are by nature definite and aretherefore never preceded by lsquothersquo ha

Nouns

Hebrew nouns have two genders masculine and feminine(There is no neuter so Hebrew never refers to anything as lsquoitrsquo)Most feminine nouns in the singular end with either an lsquoahrsquosound or lsquoetrsquo or lsquoitrsquo - their final letters being or

A male friend is khaver and a female friend khaverah

A male journalist is itonay and a female journalistitona-it

NB Countries and cities are always feminine as are the words forlsquocountryrsquo eacuterets and lsquocityrsquo ir

Plurals are generally formed with the ending -im formasculine nouns and -ot for feminine nouns

friend(s) mf khaverkhaverim khaverahkhaverot

journalist(s) mf intonayitona-im itona-ititonayot

There are some exceptions egg betysah is feminine itsplural is beytsim

Some nouns take the plural ending lsquo-aacuteyimrsquo This oftenimplies a pair

Exampleeyes eynaacuteyim a fortnight shvu-aacuteyim

But not always water is maacuteyim

Personal pronouns

Hebrew makes a gender distinction in the second and thirdpersons When referring to a mixed group of people the mascu-line form is used

OacuteEgraveIgrave

dividemiddotraquoUacuteEgraveEgraveIgraveUacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

-EgraveEgraveIgrave


UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveIgrave UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgravelaquo

Aacutemiddotmacr AacutemiddotmacrEgraveIgraveAacutemiddotmacrpermil Aacutemiddotmacrlaquo

-laquo-EgraveIgrave

UacuteEgraveDaggermacrı

UacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgraveUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave


˙permil

permil11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

339

I (mf)

you (m sing)

you (f sing)

he

she

we (mf)

you (mfpl)

they (mfpl)

Personal pronouns are often used for clarification in nounsentences (see above) where the verb lsquoto bersquo is implied

This train is the fastest in the country harsquorakevet harsquozot hi hakhi mehirah barsquoarets

Relative pronouns

The relative pronouns lsquowhowhomrsquo lsquowhichthatrsquo are expressed bythe prefix shersquo or (less frequently) by the word asher

The book that you gave me is interestingharsquosefer shersquonatata (asher natata) li me-anyen

English can omit the relative pronoun lsquothe book you gave mehelliprsquo- Hebrew must use or

Demonstratives

Pronouns

This is a bus (m) zeh otobus

This is a station (f) zot takhanah EcircDagger˙ Aacutepermil

Ecircpermil DaggerlaquoEumllaquomiddotraquoOgrave

Daggerdividemacrdividehellip

permilOgraveUgravemacr divide˙ )Daggerdividemacr ˙( IumlEgrave OacuteUacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc


permilmacrIcircmiddot˙ permilEcircDagger˙ permilEgraveDaggerpermilIcircEgrave OacutepermilEgravepermil middotDaggermacrı

340

ani

atah

at

hu

hi

anaacutekhnu

atem(n)

hem(n)

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo


permilIgrave)Ocirc(

Note the gender distinction for lsquothisrsquo in the singular but theplural has only one form

These are tomatoes eacuteleh agvaniyot

These are cucumbers eacuteleh melafefonim

But lsquothat onersquorsquothosersquo distinguishes between gender and number

harsquohuharsquohi harsquohemharsquohen

I would like these but not those ani rotseh et eacuteleh aval loharsquohem(m)harsquohen(f)

Demonstrative adjectives with the definite article

lsquothisrsquo man harsquoish harsquozehlsquothisrsquo woman harsquoishah harsquozot

lsquothatrsquo man harsquoish harsquohulsquothatrsquo woman harsquoishah harsquohi

lsquothesersquo boys and girlsharsquoyeladim vrsquoharsquoyladot ha-eacuteleh

those boys and girls hellipha-hemthose girls hellipha-hen

You may sometimes hear the more formal harsquoeacutelu for themasculine plural

Adjectives

In Hebrew an adjective follows the noun it describes and agreeswith it in gender and number It has four forms masculinefeminine singular and plural The two most common feminineendings are -ah and -it



-laquo-EgraveIgrave

Egravepermil

permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave permilDaggerEgraveIumlraquopermilDaggerEgraveIumlraquo

DaggerEgrave macrlaquopermil Dagger˙ DaggerIumlpermil DaggermiddotIuml IumlDagger permilpermilIgravepermilpermilOcirc

permilpermilIgravepermilpermilOcircpermilpermilraquoDaggerpermilpermilEgraveDagger

DaggerIumlpermil OacuteIumlUgraveUgravelaquoEgraveIgrave

DaggerIumlpermil UacutesbquomiddotEgravelaquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

341

permilDaggerEgravedivide permilEcircpermil

permilDaggerEgravedividepermil permilEcircDagger˙

permilDaggerEgravedivide permilpermilraquoDagger

permilDaggerEgravedividepermil permilpermilEgraveDagger

permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave AcircpermilEgraveIumlbdquolaquo permilDaggerIumlpermil

permilEgraveIumlbdquoEgraveIgrave AcircpermilEgraveIumlbdquolaquo permilpermilIgrave

permilEgraveIumlbdquolaquo permilpermilOcirc


342



If a noun is definite its qualifying adjective must also be definiteand must be prefixed with lsquoharsquo



Note that without the in front of the adjective the phrase willmean something else with the verb lsquoto bersquo implied (see nounsentence above)

The restaurant is kosher harsquomis-adah ksherah

Many adjectives can be followed by li lekha (to me toyouhellip) to express a feeling or state of being

Itrsquos hard for me kasheh li Is he cold kar lo

Adverbs

Adverbs describe lsquothe manner in whichrsquoThe masculine singular of many adjectives can be used as adverbs


Another way of forming adverbs is to add the prepositionlsquoinwithrsquo to the relevant noun He drives fast hu nose-a birsquomhirut

Some common adverbs of time and place

now akhshav once paacute-amlater akhar kakh then azbefore lifney once again shuv paacute-amafter akharey yesterday etmolagain shuv tomorrow makharhere poh there sham

permilraquoDagger laquoOgraveUacute middotOacutepermilEgraveraquomiddot


˜macr Iumllaquo˜dividepermil IumlEgrave

IumlEgrave IumlIacutehellip

permilOacuteOgraveUacutebdquopermil Icircdividemacrpermil

permil

permil




permilOacuteOgraveUacutebdquoAcirc permilIcircdividemacrAcirc

UgraveUacuteIgrave

DaggerEcirc

divideraquomiddot UgraveUacuteIgrave


OacuteAacutemacr

divideIgrave



IumlUgraveEgrave


divideraquomiddot

Ugravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

343

direction (ending in lsquoahrsquo - similar to lsquo-wardsrsquo)

home(wards) harsquobaacuteytahto the leftright smoacutelahyemiacutenahupwards lrsquomaacutelah downwards lrsquomaacutetahforwards kadiacutemah backwards akhoacuterah

quantity

less pakhotmore yoterenough maspikalmost kim-ata little ktsatfew me-atsome kamahmany much harbeh hamon

Numbers (cardinal)

Numbers in Hebrew have masculine and feminine forms Whencounting giving a telephone number a bus or street number ortelling the time the feminine form is used

Feminine Masculine0 eacutefes eacutefes 1 akhat ekhad2 shtaacuteyim shnaacuteyim 3 shalosh shloshah4 arba arba-ah 5 khamesh khamishah 6 shesh shishah 7 sheacuteva shiv-ah 8 shmoacuteneh shmonah 9 teacutesha tish-ah 10 eacuteser asarah

shtey(f) and shney(m) are used when accompaniedby nouns


DaggerAacutelaquopermil˜bdquoEgraveOacutepermil

IumlOacuteEumlpermilIumlOacuteUacuteIumlpermil

lozOacuteDaggerIumlpermilEgraveOacuteEgravepermil


permil

UgraveAacutelaquo

Egravelaquomacr

OacuteOgraveUgraveEgrave

IcircOacuteUacuteEuml

˜ˆ˙

OacuteUacuteEuml

IcircOacutepermil

permilmacrmiddotpermilpermilOacutelaquoOcirc

DaggerUgraveOgraveDaggerAacutebdquo divideEgraveEgraveIgravedivideIumllaquodividepermilDaggermacrmiddotUacutepermilAacuteOacuteEgravedividepermildivideEgravedividepermildividemiddotUacutepermildivideOacutelaquopermil˙divideUacutepermilUacutelozmacrpermil

DaggerUgraveOgraveDaggerAacute˙divide˙EgraveEgraveIgravedivideIumllaquodivide DaggermacrradicUacuteAacuteOacutedivide dividedividedividemiddotUacutedivideOacutelaquopermil˙divideUacuteUacutelozmacr

Example 2 books shney sfarim

For numbers over 10 see pp 108ndash10For ordinal numbers see p 124

Conjunctions

Conjunctions join statements together to make single sentencesIn Hebrew lsquoandrsquo vrsquo is not a separate word as it is in

English but always appears as a prefix

Boris and Sonya

shersquo ndash lsquothatrsquo ndash also always appears as a prefix

I think that yoursquore right ani khoshev shersquoatah tsodek

Other common conjunctions

but avalbecause kimipney shersquohellipwhen kshersquohellipka-asher before lifney shersquohellipafter akharey shersquohellipeven though lamrot shersquohellip

Prepositions

Inseparable prepositionsIn Hebrew the prepositions lsquoinonrsquo brsquo lsquotoforrsquo lrsquo and lsquofromrsquomirsquo are single letters attached to the word they precedeThese are known as lsquoinseparable prepositionsrsquo (indicated by anapostrophe in our transliteration)

in Tel Aviv brsquotel-avivfor a month lrsquokhoacutedeshfrom when mirsquomatay OacuteOacute˙Egrave

IumlAacutelaquobdquodividemiddot˙Iuml DaggermiddotEgravemiddot

OacuteIumlradic

DaggerEgrave Aacutelaquodividemiddot divideDagger˙permil laquobdquo

dividehellip


Acirchellip


344

DaggermiddotIuml

IcircEgraveOacuteUgraveEgrave dividehellip

IcircdividehellipIcircDaggerdividemacr




When brsquo and lrsquo are attached to definite nouns lsquothersquo isdropped and are pronounced ba and la

in an office brsquomisrad in the office barsquomisrad

(Our third inseparable proposition mi does not contract whencombined with ha from the office mersquoharsquomisrad )

Proper names being definite do not take lsquothersquo The preposi-tions do not change either In Netanya is brsquonetanya

Prepositions with endingsPrepositions are often used with pronouns with me for you onit about them When this happens in Hebrew the prepositiontakes a pronoun ending See the separate listing on pp 348ndash9 forprepositions with pronoun endings covered in this course

The particle et

A direct object answers the question lsquowhatrsquo or lsquowhomrsquo of asentence

Direct objects are indefinite (a waiter a letter) or definite (thewaiter) In Hebrew a definite direct object must always bepreceded by the particle et The particle is nevertranslated it is simply a marker signalling the definite directobject

I see a waiter ani ro-eh meltsar

I see the waiter ani ro-eh et harsquomeltsar


When a pronoun is a direct object the particle is used withpronoun endings

Dagger˙

Dagger˙Dagger˙

Dagger˙

radicEgravepermilpermil

OacutepermilOacutelozmacrbdquopermilOacute


middotIumlpermilmiddotIuml1111

2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

345

DaggerEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil OacuteIumlˆmacr

DaggerEgrave macrlaquoDaggerpermil Dagger˙permilOacuteIumlˆmacr



them you us her him you (f) you (m) me(mf) (mfpl)

Examples

She wants to meet them hi rotsah lirsquofgosh otam

He took the apple and ate it hu lakakh et harsquotapuacuteakh vrsquoakhal oto

Verbs

For conjugations see the separate verb glossary on pp 350ndash70

For use of tenses and of verb groups (binyanim) consult theindex

346



permilEgraveDagger macrlaquopermil IumlUgravesbquolaquodivide DaggerlaquoIgrave

permilraquoDagger IumlAacute Dagger˙ permil˙UgraveraquoAacute AcircDaggerIcircIuml Daggerlaquolaquo

Appendix III

348


DaggerAacutemacrEgraveDaggerAacutemacrEgraveDaggerAacutemacrEgraveIacuteDaggerAacutemacrEgraveIacuteDaggerAacutemacrEgraveAcircDaggerAacutemacrEgravepermilDaggerAacutemacrEgraveraquoDaggerAacutemacrEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerAacutemacrEgravepermilIgrave)Ocirc(

DaggerEgraveOcircDaggerEgraveEgraveDaggerEgraveIacuteDaggerEgraveIacuteDaggerEgraveAcircDaggerEgravepermilDaggerEgraveraquoDaggerEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerEgraveIgrave)Ocirc(

DaggerIumlDaggerIumlEgraveDaggerIumlEgraveIacuteDaggerIumlEgraveIacuteDaggerIumlEgraveAcircDaggerIumlEgravepermilDaggerIumlEgraveraquoDaggerIumlEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerIumlEgravepermilIgrave)Ocirc(

DaggerÎumlDaggerÎumlEgraveDaggerÎumlIacuteDaggerÎumlIacuteDaggerÎumllaquoDaggerÎumlpermilDaggerÎumlEgraveraquoDaggerÎumlIcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerÎumlIgrave)Ocirc(

Dagger˙Daggerlaquo˙EgraveDaggerlaquo˙IacuteDaggerlaquo˙IacuteDaggerlaquo˙laquoDaggerlaquo˙permilDaggerlaquo˙raquoDagger˙IcircIgrave)Ocirc(Daggerlaquo˙Igrave)Ocirc(

middotmiddotEgravemiddotIacutemiddotIacutemiddotlaquomiddotpermilmiddotraquomiddotIcircIgrave)Ocirc(middotpermilIgrave)Ocirc(

middotUacuteÎgravemiddotUacuteÔacuteEgravemiddotUacuteÔacuteIacutemiddotUacuteÔacuteIacutemiddotUacuteÔacutelaquomiddotUacuteÔacutepermilmiddotUacuteÔacuteraquomiddotUacuteÔacuteIcircIgraveOcircmiddotUacuteÔacuteIgraveOcirc

middotdividemiddotEgraveIumlmiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlEgravemiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlIacutemiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlIacutemiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumllaquomiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlpermilmiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlraquomiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlIcircIgrave)Ocirc(middotdividemiddotEgraveIumlIgrave)Ocirc(

IcircIumlIcircraquoIumlEgraveIcircraquoIumlIacuteIcircraquoIumlIacuteIcircraquoIumllaquoIcircraquoIumlpermilIcircraquoIumlraquoIcircraquoIumlIcircIgrave)Ocirc(IcircraquoIumlIgrave)Ocirc(

IcircOacutelaquoIcircOacutelaquoEgraveIcircOacutelaquoIacuteIcircOacutelaquoIacuteIcircOacutelaquopermilraquoIcircOacutelaquopermilIcircOacutelaquoraquoIcircOacutelaquoIcircIgrave)Ocirc(IcircOacutelaquopermilIgrave)Ocirc(

Prepositions chart preposition

akhreyhemn akhreykhemn akhareacuteynu akhareacuteha akharav akharaacuteyikh akhareacutekha akharay after

eynamn eynkhemn eyneacutenu eynah eyno eynekh eynkha eyneacuteni (it) is not

elehemn elekhemn eleacutenu eleacutehah elav elaacuteyikh eleacutekha elay to towards

etslamn etslakhemn etsleacuteynu etsla etslo etslekh etslekha etsli by at

otamn etkhemn otaacutenu otah oto otakh otkha oti _

bahemn bakhemn baacutenu bah bo bakh bekha bi in

brsquoatsmamn brsquoatsmekhemn brsquoatsmeacutenu brsquoatsmah brsquoatsmo brsquoatsmekh brsquoatsmekha brsquoatsmi ldquoitselfrdquo

bishvilamn bishvilkhemn) bishvileacutenu bishvilah bishvilo bishvilekh bishvilkha bishvili for

kulamn kulkhemn kulaacutenu kulah kulo kulekh kulkha kuly all of

kmohemn kmokhemn kamoacutenu kamoacuteha kamoacutehu kamokh kamoacutekha kamoacuteny like

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

349

lahemn lakhemn laacutenu lah lo lakh lekha li to for

levadamn levadkhemn levadeacutenu levadah levado levadekh levadkha levadi on onersquos own

leyadamn leyadkhemn leyadeacutenu leyadah leyado leyadekh leyadkha leyadi next to

lifneyhemn lifneykhemn lefaneacuteynu lefaneacutehah lefanav lefanaacuteyikh lefaneacutekha lefanay beforein front of

mehemn mikemn mimeacutenu mimeacutenah mimeacutenu mimekh mimkha mimeacuteni from

mitsidamn mitsdikhemn mitsideacutenu mitsidah mitsido mitsidekh mitsidkha mitsidi on the part of

alehemn alekhemn aleacuteynu aleacuteha alav alaacuteyikh aleacutekha alay onabout

itamn itkhemn itaacutenu itah ito itakh itkha iti with

shelahemn shelakhemn shelaacutenu shelah shelo shelakh shelkha sheli of

IumlIumlEgraveIumlIacuteIumlIacute IumllaquoIumlpermilIumlraquoIumlIcircIgrave)Ocirc(IumlpermilIgrave)Ocirc(

IumlmiddotbdquoIumlmiddotbdquoEgraveIumlmiddotbdquoIacuteIumlmiddotbdquoIacuteIumlmiddotbdquolaquoIumlmiddotbdquopermilIumlmiddotbdquoraquoIumlmiddotbdquoIcircIgrave)Ocirc(IumlmiddotbdquoIgrave)Ocirc(

IumlEgravebdquoIumlEgravebdquoEgraveIumlEgravebdquoIacuteIumlEgravebdquoIacuteIumlEgravebdquolaquoIumlEgravebdquopermilIumlEgravebdquoraquoIumlEgravebdquoIcircIgrave)Ocirc(IumlEgravebdquoIgrave)Ocirc(

IumlUgraveEgraveIumlUgraveEgraveIumlUgraveEgraveIacuteIumlUgraveEgraveIacuteIumlUgraveEgraveAcircIumlUgraveEgravepermilIumlUgraveEgraveraquoIumlUgraveEgraveIcircIgrave)Ocirc(IumlUgraveEgravepermilIgrave)Ocirc(

OacuteOcircOacuteOacuteEgraveOacuteOacuteIacuteOacuteOacuteIacuteOacuteOacuteraquoOacuteOacutepermilOacuteOacuteraquoOacuteIcircIgrave)Ocirc(OacutepermilIgrave)Ocirc(

OacuteˆbdquoOacuteÊgravebdquoEgraveOacuteÊgravebdquoIacuteOacuteÊgravebdquoIacuteOacuteÊgravebdquolaquoOacuteÊgravebdquopermilOacuteÊgravebdquoraquoOacuteÊgravebdquoIcircIgrave)Ocirc(OacuteÊgravebdquoIgrave)Ocirc(


UacuteIgraveDaggerEgrave˙EgraveDaggerEgrave˙IacuteDaggerEgrave˙IacuteDaggerEgrave˙laquoDaggerEgrave˙permilDaggerEgrave˙raquoDaggerEgrave˙IcircIgrave)Ocirc(DaggerEgrave˙Igrave)Ocirc(

˘Iuml˘IumlEgravedivideIumlIacutedivideIumlIacutedivideIumllaquodivideIumlpermildivideIumlraquodivideIumlIcircIgrave)Ocirc(divideIumlpermilIgrave)Ocirc(

350

Verb GlossaryIntroductionHebrew verbs are classified into groups called binyanim

and subgroups or gzarot Most verbs have a three-letter root just like the word for

verb po-al which contains three letters There are seven binyanim of which five have been taught

in this course We have called them Groups 1ndash5 The logicbehind these groupings semantic as well as grammatical isexplained in the text as they are introduced The gizrah towhich a verb belongs is determined by the type of letter andits position within the root The purpose of this subgroup isto identify the changes in conjugation patterns that occur dueto what are known as lsquoproblem lettersrsquo

In this course we have noted the gizrah subgrouping ndash tohighlight changes in the usual pattern ndash by referring to firstmiddle and last root letters eg verbs with first letter as in

or middle letter as in However you are likelyto come across the traditional classification in some dictio-naries and in further study so it is important to understandhow this classification works

It has been customary to classify verbs using the lettersto stand for each letter of the root

If the first letter of the root ie the of the is say we refer to this group as gizrat The verb would

be classified as belonging to binyan pa-al ( ) gizrat Similarly if the last letter of the root ie the of the

is we refer to this group as Take the verb its classification is binyan pi-el ( )

ndash gizrat

Conjugation in the glossary is given in the third personsingular tenses in order of past present future andcommand

We have also included the direct object marker whereapplicable and the common prepositions used with the verb

Dagger˙

Iumlpermil

UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml AacuteneIcircnepermil Iumlpermil permilUgraveneUacuteneIuml

Iuml

UgraveUacute UgraveUacuteIuml

Uacutenemiddotne UgraveUacute Uacute

UgraveneUacuteneIuml Ugrave

UgraveneUacuteneIuml

ñeAcircneIgrave Acirc Uacutenemiddotne Uacute

Dagger permil Acirc Aacute Egrave Uacute macr


sbquoEcirclaquomiddotEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

351

permilEumlEgraveEgravepermil

dividelaquomacrdivide middotEgraveEgraveOcirc ˘Igrave permilnotUacuteIuml OacuteEgraveIuml˙ EgraveAacuteOgravedivideIgrave permilUgraveUacuteraquoIumlpermil UacutemiddotmacrpermilAcircpermilUacute˙Egravebdquo ÊgraveAcircraquoEgrave

Dagger-permil-middot UgraveUacuteIumlIumlDaggerpermillaquomiddotDagger˙_DaggerpermilmiddotDaggerlaquopermilmiddotEgraveDaggerpermilmiddotDaggerpermillaquomiddot

Dagger-Icirc-Iuml permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilDaggerIcircEgraveIuml Dagger˙ AtildepermilfraslDaggerfiIcircIumlpermil permilDaggerIcircEgraveIumlOacuteDaggerIcircEgraveIumlEgraveDaggerIcircEgraveIumlpermilDaggerIcircIuml

Dagger-Icirc-Iuml UgraveUacuteIuml IumlDaggerIcirclaquoIumlDagger˙ fraslDaggerIcircEgraveIumlpermil DaggerIcircIuml DaggerlaquoIcircIumlEgraveDaggerIcircIumlDaggerIcirclaquoIuml

Dagger-Icirc-Iuml UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilDaggerOtildeIcircIumlUacuteIuml EgravebdquoEgrave _ŒDaggerIcircIumlDaggerIcircIumlEgraveEgraveAtildeDaggerOtildeIcircIuml

Dagger-Oacute-OcircpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilDaggerOacuteEgraveOcircmiddotIumlDaggerOacuteraquopermilpermilDaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc OacuteDaggerOacuteEgraveOcirc EgraveDaggerOacuteEgraveOcircpermilDaggerOacuteOcirc

Dagger-Ograve-Ucirc UgraveUacuteIumlIumlDaggerOgravelaquoUcircDagger˙fraslDaggerOtildeOgravefiUgravepermilDaggerOgraveUcircDaggerlaquoOgraveUcircEgraveDaggerOgravelaquoUcircDaggerOgravelaquoUcirc

middot-bdquo-˜ UgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddotbdquolaquo˜Dagger˙middotœbdquoEgrave˜permilmiddotbdquo˜middotlaquobdquo˜Egravemiddotbdquolaquo˜middotbdquolaquo˜

Conjugation Verbal Noun Common Infinitive binyan Rootcommand future present past preposition

ehov yohav ohev ahav lersquoehov to love

ha-akhel ya-akhil ma-akhil he-ekhil ha-akhalah lrsquoha-akhil to feed

ekhol yokhal okhel akhal akhilah lersquoekhol to eat

_ ye-akhel ne-ekhal ne-ekhal lrsquohe-akhel to be eaten consumed

ha-amen ya-amin ma-amin he-emin _ lrsquoharsquoamin to believe

esof ye-esof osef asaf asefah lersquoesof to gather

bdok yivdok bodek badak bdikah lirsquovdok to check inspect

352

middot-permil-Iuml UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgravemiddotpermilIumlOacutepermilEgravemiddotpermilIumlraquo˙ middotpermilIumlmiddotpermilIumlEgraveEgravemiddotpermilIuml permilEgravemiddotpermilIuml

middot-Acirc-DaggerpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilmiddotEgraveDaggerDagger˙permilmiddotDaggerpermilpermilmiddotEgraveDaggerOacutemiddotEgraveDaggerEgravemiddotEgraveDaggerpermilmiddotDagger

middot-Acirc-DaggerUgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddotlaquoDaggerDaggerIumlIumlmiddotEgraveDaggerpermilmiddotDaggermiddotDaggerEgravemiddotlaquoDaggermiddotlaquoDagger

middot-Acirc-divide permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙middotEgraveEgravedivide middotOacutepermil˙middotEgraveEgravedivideraquo˙ permil˙middotEgraveEgravedivide Oacute˙middotEgraveEgravedivideEgrave˙middotEgraveEgravedividepermil˙middotEgraveEgravedivide

middot-Aacute-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddotAacutelaquomacrDagger˙middotAacuteEgravemacrpermilmiddotAacutemacrmiddotlaquoAacutemacrEgravemiddotAacutemacrmiddotAacutemacr

middot-Euml-Aacute permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilmiddotEumlEgraveAacute Dagger˙IumlpermilmiddotEumlAacutepermil permilmiddotEumlEgraveAacute OacutemiddotEumlEgraveAacuteEgravemiddotEumlEgraveAacutepermilmiddotEumlAacute

middot-Egrave-Ocirc permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilmiddotEgraveOcircDagger˙permilmiddotpermilpermilmiddotEgraveOcircOacutemiddotEgraveOcircEgravemiddotEgraveOcircpermilmiddotOcirc

middot-Iuml-middot-Iuml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddotIumlmiddotIumlDagger˙radicIumlmiddotraquoIuml radicIumlradicIumlOacutemiddotIumlradicIumlEgravemiddotIumlradicIumlmiddotIumlmiddotIuml

middot-Iuml-permil UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddotIumllaquo˙middotmiddotEgraveIumlraquoEgravemiddotEgraveIumlpermilOacutemiddotIumlpermilEgravemiddotIumlpermilmiddotIumlpermil

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middot-˜-macr UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddot˜macrDagger˙middot radicEgrave˜raquomacr radicEgrave˜macrOacutemiddot˜macrEgravemiddot˜macrmiddot˜macr

hibahel yibahel nivhal nivhal hibahalut lhibahel to be frightened by

haveh yavi mevi hevi hava-ah lhavi to bring

bo yavo ba ba biah lavo to come

hitbayesh yitbayesh mitbayesh hitbayesh hitbayshut lhitbayesh be ashamed of

bkhar yivkhar bokher bakhar bkhirah livkhor to choose

havtakh yavti-akh mavti-akh hivti-akh havtakhah lhavti-akh to promise

haven yavin mevin hevin havanah lhavin to understand

balbel yevalbel mevalbel bilbel bilbul levalbel to confuse

baleh yevaleh mevaleh bilah biluy levalot to have a good time

bneh yivneh boneh banah bniyah livnot to build

baker yevaker mevaker biker bikur lersquovaker to visit

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353bakesh yevakesh mevakesh bikesh bikushbakashah lersquovakesh to request

brakh yivrakh bore-akh barakh brikhah lirsquovro-akh to run away

bashel yevashel mevashel bishel bishul lersquovashel to cook

yitbashel hitbashel mitbashel hitbashlut lrsquohitbashel to be cooked

gdal yigdal gadel gadal gdilah lirsquogdol to grow

gur yagur gar gar larsquogur to live

gmor yigmor gomer gamar gmirah lirsquogmor to finish

de-ag yid-ag do-eg da-ag de-agah lirsquod-og to worry

daber yedaber medaber diber dibur lersquodaber to speak talk

middot-˜-divide UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddot˜divideDagger˙OacuteradicEgrave˜raquodividemiddot˜dividepermilradicEgrave˜divideOacutemiddot˜divideEgravemiddot˜dividemiddot˜divide

middot-macr-Aacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddotmacrlaquoAacuteOacuteIumlmiddotmacrEgraveAacutepermilmiddotmacrAacutemiddotlaquomacrAacuteEgravemiddotmacrAacutemiddotmacrAacute

middot-divide-Iuml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlmiddotdivideIuml Dagger˙radicEgravedivideraquoIuml radicEgravedivideIumlOacutemiddotdivideIumlEgravemiddotdivideIumlmiddotdivideIuml

middot-divide-Iumlpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙middotdivideIumlUacuteIumlmiddotpermil˙middotdivideIumlraquo˙Oacute˙middotdivideIumlpermil˙middotdivideIumlEgrave˙middotdivideIumlndash

sbquo-bdquo-Iuml UgraveUacuteIumlIumlsbquobdquolaquoIumlmiddotsbquobdquoEgraveIumlpermilsbquobdquoIumlsbquobdquoIumlœEgravesbquobdquoIumlsbquobdquoIuml

sbquo-Acirc-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlsbquoraquomacrmiddot_sbquomacrsbquomacrEgravesbquoraquomacrsbquoraquomacr

sbquo-Oacute-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlsbquoOacutelaquomacrDagger˙sbquoOacuteEgravemacrpermilsbquoOacutemacrsbquolaquoOacutemacrEgravesbquoOacutelaquomacrsbquoOacutelaquomacr

bdquo-Dagger-sbquo UgraveUacuteIumlIumlbdquoDaggerlaquosbquoIumlbdquoDaggersbquopermilbdquoDaggersbquobdquolaquoDaggersbquoEgravebdquoDaggersbquobdquoDaggersbquo

bdquo-middot-macr UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlbdquoradicmacrDaggerIumlIumlbdquoEgraveradicraquomacrbdquoEgraveradicmacrOacutebdquoradicmacrEgravebdquoradicmacrbdquomiddotmacr

354

bdquo-Iuml-˜permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilbdquoIumlEgrave˜ Dagger˙permilbdquoIuml˜permil permilbdquoIumlEgraveÕacutebdquoIumlEgrave˜EgravebdquoIumlEgrave˜permilbdquoIuml˜

bdquo-macr-Iacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlbdquomacrlaquoIacuteUacuteIumlbdquomacrEgraveIcircpermilbdquomacrIacutebdquolaquomacrIacuteEgravebdquomacrlaquoIacutebdquomacrlaquoIacute

permil-Egrave-permil UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgravelaquo˙_permilAcircAcircEgravepermilpermilEgravepermilpermilAcircAcircpermilEgraveœpermilEgraveEgravepermilpermilEgravepermil

permil-Iuml-Iacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlIumlIcirc˙DaggerIumlIumlpermilIumlEgraveIcircpermil permilIumlIacutepermillaquoIumlIacuteEgraveIumlIacuteIumlIacute

permil-Ugrave-Iacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilUgravelaquoIacuteDagger˙permilUgraveEgraveIcircpermilpermilUgraveIacutepermillaquoUgraveIacuteEgravepermilUgravelaquoIacutepermilUgravelaquoIacute

Acirc-˙-macrUgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlAcircAcirc˙macrUacuteIumlIumlAcircEgrave˙raquomacrAcircEgrave˙macrOacuteAcircAcirc˙macrEgraveAcircAcirc˙macrAcircAcirc˙macr

Ecirc-permil-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgraveEcircpermilmacrOacutepermilEgraveEcircpermilmacrraquo˙ EcircpermilmacrEcircpermilmacrEgraveEgraveEcircpermilmacrpermilEgraveEcircpermilmacr

Ecirc-raquo-Ecirc UgraveUacuteIumlIumlEcircraquoEcirc_˙EcircraquoEcircpermilEcircEcircEcircEcircEgraveEcircraquoEcircEcircraquoEcirc

Ecirc-Icirc-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlEcircIcirc∆laquomacrDagger˙EcircIcircEgravefimacrpermilEcircIcircmacrEcirclaquoIcircmacrœEgraveEcircIcirc∆laquomacrEcircIcirclaquomacr

hadlek yadlik madlik hidlik hadlakah lrsquohadlik to light

drokh yidrokh dorekh darakh drikhah lirsquodrokh to step tread

heyeh yihyeh _ hayah havayah lirsquohyot to be

lekh yelekh holekh halakh halikhah larsquoleacutekhet to go

hafokh yahafokh hofekh hafakh hafikhah larsquohafokh to turn

vater yevater mevater viter vitur lersquovater to give up

hizaher yizaher nizhar nizhar hizaharut lrsquohizaher to beware

zuz yazuz zaz zaz tzuzah larsquozuz to move

zkhor yizkor zokher zakhar zkhirah lirsquozkor to remember

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355zalzel yezalzel mezalzel zilzel zilzul lersquozalzel to belittle

disparage

hazmen yazmin mazmin hizmin hazmanah lrsquohazmin to order

hitkhadesh yitkhadesh mitkhadesh hitkhadesh hitkhadshut lrsquohitkhadesh to renew oneself

khazor yakhazor khozer khazar khazarah larsquokhazor to return

khayeg yekhayeg mekhayeg khiyeg khiyug lersquokhayeg to dial

khayeh yikhyeh khay khay lirsquokhyot to live

khakeh yekhakeh mekhakeh khikah lersquokhakot to wait

hakhlet yakhlit makhlit hekhlit hakhlatah lrsquohakhlit to decide

hakhlef yakhlif makhlif hekhlif hakhlafah lrsquohakhlif to exchange

khapes yekhapes mekhapes khipes khipus lersquokhapes to search

Ecirc-Iuml-Ecirc-Iuml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlEcircIumlEcircIumlmiddotEcircIumlEcircraquoIumlEcircIumlEcircIumlOacuteEcircIumlEcircIuml EgraveEcircIumlEcircIumlEcircIumlEcircIuml

Ecirc-Oacute-Ocirc permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilEcircOacuteEgraveOcircDagger˙permilEcircOacutepermilpermilEcircOacuteEgraveOcircOacuteEcircOacuteEgraveOcircEgraveEcircOacuteEgraveOcircpermilEcircOacuteOcirc

Aacute-bdquo-divide permil˙UgraveUacuteIuml Iumlpermil˙Aacutebdquodivide_permil˙Aacutebdquodivideraquo˙permil˙AacutebdquodivideOacute˙Aacutebdquodivide Egrave˙Aacutebdquodivide permil˙Aacutebdquodivide

Aacute-Ecirc-macr UgraveUacuteIuml IumlAacuteEcirclaquomacrDaggerIumlIumlAacuteEcircmacrpermilAacuteEcircmacrAacutelaquoEcircmacrEgraveAacuteEcirclaquomacrAacuteEcirclaquomacr

Aacute-Egrave-sbquo UgraveEgraveUacuteIuml IumlAacuteEgraveEgravesbquo IumlAacuteEgraveraquosbquo AacuteEgraveEgravesbquoOacuteAacuteEgraveEgravesbquoEgraveAacuteEgraveEgravesbquoAacuteEgraveEgravesbquo

Aacute-Egrave-permil UgraveUacuteIumlIumlAacuteEgravelaquo˙ __AacuteEgraveAacuteEgraveEgraveAacuteEgravepermilAacuteEgraveEgravepermil

Aacute-Icirc-permil UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlAacuteIcirclaquo˙Iuml _AacuteEgraveIcircpermilOacuteAacuteIcircpermilEgraveAacuteIcircpermilAacuteIcircpermil

Aacute-Iuml-Euml permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveEuml UacuteIumlpermilAacuteIumlEumlpermil permilAacuteIumlEgraveEumlOacuteAacuteIumlEgraveEumlEgraveAacuteIumlEgraveEumlpermilAacuteIumlEuml

Aacute-Iuml-Ucirc permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlpermilAacuteIumlEgraveUcircDagger˙permilAacuteIumlUgravepermil permilAacuteIumlEgraveUcircOacuteAacuteIumlEgraveUcircEgraveAacuteIumlEgraveUcircpermilAacuteIumlUcirc

Aacute-Ugrave-loz UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlAacuteUgravelozDagger˙AacuteEgraveUgraveraquolozAacuteEgraveUgravelozOacuteAacuteUgravelozEgraveAacuteUgravelozAacuteUgraveloz

356

Aacute-ˆ-permil UgraveUacuteIuml IumlAacuteˆlaquo˙Dagger˙AacuteÊgravepermilAacuteˆpermil AacutelaquoˆpermilEgraveAacuteˆpermilAacuteˆpermil

Aacute-divide-middot UgraveUacuteIumlIumlAacutedividelaquomiddotUacuteIumlAacutedivideEgravemiddotpermil AacutedividemiddotAacutelaquodividemiddotEgraveAacutedividelaquomiddotAacutedividelaquomiddot

Euml-Egrave-Iuml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlEumlEgraveEgraveIuml middotEumlEgraveraquoIumlEumlEgraveEgraveIumlOacuteEumlEgraveEgraveIumlEgraveEumlEgraveEgraveIumlEumlEgraveEgraveIuml

Euml-Iuml-Ugrave-OcircUgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlEumlIumlUgraveOcircDaggerIumlIuml_EumlEgraveIumlUgraveOcircOacuteEumlIumlUgraveOcircEgraveEumlIumlUgraveOcircEumlIumlUgraveOcirc

Euml-Uacute-IgraveUgraveUacuteIumlIumlEumlUacutelaquoIgraveDagger˙EumlUacuteEgraveOacutepermilEumlUacuteIgraveEumllaquoUacuteIgraveEgraveEumlUacuteIgraveEumlUacuteIgrave

Euml-Ugrave-Iuml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlEumlUgraveIumlmiddotEumlEgraveUgraveraquoIumlEumlEgraveUgraveIumlOacuteEumlUgraveIumlEgraveEumlUgraveIumlEumlUgraveIuml

Egrave-bdquo-UacuteUgraveUacuteIumlIumlbdquoUacute˙Dagger˙EgravebdquoEgraveUacutepermilEgravebdquoUacuteEgravelaquobdquoUacuteEgravebdquoUacutebdquoUacute

Egrave-Icirc-IumlUgraveUacuteIuml__EgraveIcirclaquoIuml˙EgraveIcircIumlEgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveraquoIcircIuml_

Egrave-ˆ-Dagger UgraveUacuteIumlIumlˆDagger˙IumlOacuteEgraveÊgraveDaggerpermilEgraveˆDaggerEgravelaquoˆDaggerEgraveˆDaggerˆDagger

khatseh yekhetseh khotseh khatsah khatsayah larsquokhatsot to cross (road)

khashov yakhashov khoshev khashav khashivah larsquokhshov to think

tayel yetayel metayel tiyel tiyul lersquotayel to tour

talpen yetalpen metalpen tilpen lersquotalpen to telephone

te-am yit-am to-em ta-am te-imah lirsquot-om to taste

tapel yetapel metapel tipel tipul lersquotapel to take care of

da yeda yodeacute-a yada yedi-ah larsquodaacute-at to know

yukhal yakhol yakhal yekhoacutelet can to be able to

tse yetse yotse yatsa yetsi-ah larsquotset to go out leave

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357hotse yotsi motsi hotsi hotsa-ah lrsquohotsi to take out

hatsa yatsiacute-a matsiacute-a hitsiacute-a hatsa-ah lrsquohatsiacute-a to suggest

red yered yored yarad yeridah larsquoreacutedet to descend

shev yeshev yoshev yashav yeshivah larsquosheacutevet to sit

hityashev yityashev mityashev hityashev hityashvut lrsquohityashev to settle

shan yishan yashen yashan shenah lirsquoshon to sleep

yikh-av ko-ev ka-av ke-ev lirsquokh-ov to hurt(intrans)

hakhen yakhin mekhin hekhin hakhanah lrsquohakhin to prepare

hitkaven yitkaven mitkaven hitkaven hitkavnut lrsquohitkaven to mean intend

Egrave-ˆ-DaggerpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlpermillaquoÊgraveDagger Dagger˙OacutepermillaquoˆDaggerpermilpermillaquoÊgraveDaggerOacutelaquoÊgraveDaggerEgravelaquoÊgraveDaggerpermillaquoOtildeˆDagger

Egrave-ˆ-Uacute permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlAtildepermilÊgraveAtildeUacuteDagger˙IumlpermilÛacutepermilpermilÊgraveUacuteOacuteÊgraveUacuteEgraveÊgraveUacutepermilÛacute

Egrave-macr-bdquoUgraveUacuteIumlIumlmacrbdquo˙_EgravemacrEgravebdquopermilEgravemacrbdquoEgravelaquomacrbdquoEgravemacrbdquomacrbdquo

Egrave-divide-middot UgraveUacuteIumlIumldividemiddot˙middotEgrave˘EgravemiddotpermilEgravedividemiddotEgravelaquodividemiddotEgravedividemiddotdividemiddot

Egrave-divide-middotpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotmiddotpermil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotraquo˙permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotOacute˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotEgrave˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotpermil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddot

Egrave-divide-OcircUgraveUacuteIumlIumlEgravedividelaquoOcirc_divideEgravepermilEgravedivideOcircEgravedivideOcircEgraveEgravedivideOcircdivideOcirc

Icirc-Dagger-middot UgraveUacuteIumlIumlIcircDaggerlaquomiddot_IcircDaggermiddotIcircDaggermiddotIcirclaquoDaggermiddotEgraveIcircDaggermiddot_

Icirc-Acirc-Ocirc permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlpermilIcircEgraveOcirc Dagger˙fraslpermilfiIcircfipermilpermilIcircEgraveOcircOacuteIcircEgraveOcircEgraveIcircEgraveOcircfipermilOtildeIcircOcirc

Icirc-Acirc-Ocircpermil˙UgraveUacuteIuml Iumlpermil˙IcircAcircAcircOcirc Iumlpermil˙IcircAcircraquo˙ permil˙IcircAcircAcircOcirc Oacute˙IcircAcircAcircOcircœEgrave˙IcircAcircAcircOcircpermil˙IcircAcircAcircOcirc

358

Icirc-Ecirc-middotpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddotOacutepermil˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddotraquo˙permil˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddotOacute˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddotEgrave˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddotpermil˙DaggerIcircEcircmiddot

Icirc--Ograve permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlAtildepermilŸIcircœEgraveOgrave Dagger˙AtildepermilŸIcircAtildefiOgravepermilpermilIcircEgraveOgraveOacuteIcircEgraveOgraveAtildeEgraveIcircœEgraveOgraveAtildepermilŸIcircOtildeOgrave

Icirc--OgraveUgraveUacuteIumlIumlœpermilEgraveAtildeƒOtildeOgraveIumlœpermilEgravefiƒOgraveraquo˙ IcircOgraveIcircOgraveEgraveEgraveAtildeƒOtildeOgraveAtildeƒOtildeOgrave

Icirc-˙-middot UgraveUacuteIumlIumlIcirc˙laquomiddotIumlUacuteIumlIcirc˙EgravemiddotpermilIcirc˙middotIcirclaquo˙middotœEgraveIcirc˙laquomiddotIcirc˙laquomiddot

Iuml-middot-divide permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙Iumlmiddotdivide_permil˙Iumlmiddotdivideraquo˙ permil˙Iumlmiddotdivide Oacute˙Iumlmiddotdivide Egrave˙Iumlradicdivide permil˙Iumlmiddotdivide

Iuml-middot-divideUgraveUacuteIumlIumlIumlmiddotlaquodividersaquoDagger˙IumlmiddotEgravedividepermilIumlmiddotdivideIumllaquomiddotdivideEgraveIumlradicdivideIumlmiddotdivide

Iuml-Oacute-bdquoUgraveUacuteIumlIumlIumlOacutelaquobdquoDagger˙IumlOacuteEgravebdquopermilIumlOacutebdquoIumllaquoOacutebdquoœEgraveIumlOacutebdquoIumlOacutebdquo

Iuml-˜-Aacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlÃacute˙Dagger˙Iuml˜EgraveAacutepermilIumlÃacuteIumllaquoÃacuteEgraveÃacuteÃacute

Oacute-permil-macr UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlOacutepermilmacrDaggerIumlIuml_ OacuteEgravepermilmacrOacuteOacutepermilmacrEgraveOacutepermilmacrOacutepermilmacr

Oacute-Icirc-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlOacuteIcirclaquomacrDagger˙IumlOacuteIcircEgravemacrpermilOacuteIcircmacrOacutelaquoIcircmacrœEgraveOacuteIcirclaquomacrOacuteIcirclaquomacr

hit-akhzev yit-akhzev mit-akhzev hit-akhzev hit-akhzevut lrsquohit-akhzev to be disappointed

hakhnes yakhnis makhnis hikhnis hakhnasah lrsquohakhnis to insert

kanes yikanes nikhnas nikhnas hikansut lrsquohikanes to enter

ktov yikhtov kotev katav ktivah lirsquokhtov to write

hitlabesh yitlabesh mitlabesh hitlabesh hitlabshut lrsquohitlabesh to dress oneself

levash yilbash lovesh lavash levishah lirsquolbosh to wear

lemad yilmad lomed lamad lemidah lirsquolmod to learn

kakh yikakh lokeacute-ah lakakh lekikha larsquokaacutekhat to take

maher yemaher memaher miher lersquomaher to hurry

mekhor yimkor mokher makhar mekhirah lirsquomkor to sell

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359male yemale memale mile miluy lersquomale to fill

metsa yimtsa motse matsa metsi-ah lirsquomtso to find

hamshekh yamshikh mamshikh himshikh hamshakha lrsquohamshikh to continue

haged yagid hagadah lrsquohagid to tell

nagen yenagen menagen nigen nigun lersquonagen to play an instrument

haga yagiacute-a magiacute-a higiacute-a haga-ah lrsquohagiacute-a to arrive

hagesh yagish magish higish hagashah lrsquohagish to present serve

hitnaheg yitnaheg mitnaheg hitnaheg hitnahagut lrsquohitnaheg to behave

hna yaniacute-a meniacute-a heniacute-a hana-ah lrsquohaniacute-a to move shake

nakhesh yenakhesh menakhesh nikhesh nikhush lersquonakhesh to guess

Oacute-Iuml-Dagger UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlOacuteIumlDaggerDagger˙OacuteEgraveIumlraquoEgraveOacuteEgraveIumlDaggerOacuteOacuteIumlDaggerEgraveOacuteIumlDaggerOacuteIumlDagger

Oacute-ˆ-Dagger UgraveUacuteIumlIumlOacuteˆlaquoDaggerDagger˙OacuteÊgraveDaggerpermilOacuteˆDaggerOacutelaquoˆDaggerœEgraveOacuteˆDaggerOacuteˆDagger

Oacute-divide-Iacute permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilOacutedivideEgraveIacuteDagger˙IumlOacute AtildepermilOacutedivideIcircpermil permilOacutedivideEgraveIacute OacuteOacutedivideEgraveIacuteEgraveOacutedivideEgraveIacutepermilOacutedivideIacute

-sbquo-bdquopermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilsbquoEgravebdquoIumlpermilsbquobdquopermil__EgravesbquoEgravebdquopermilsbquobdquo

-sbquo-Ocirc UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlsbquoOcircmiddotEgravesbquoraquoOcircEgravesbquoOcircOacutesbquoOcircEgravesbquoOcircsbquoOcirc

-sbquo-UacutepermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlpermilsbquoEgraveUacuteDaggerIumlIumlOacutepermilsbquoUacutepermilpermilsbquoEgraveUacuteOacutesbquoEgraveUacuteEgravesbquoEgraveUacutepermilsbquoUacute

-sbquo-dividepermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlAtildepermilœsbquoEgravedivideDagger˙permilsbquodividepermilœpermilœsbquoEgravedivideAtildeOacuteœsbquoEgravedivideAtildeEgraveœsbquoEgravedivideAtildepermilOtildesbquodivide

-permil-sbquo permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙permilsbquomiddotpermil˙permilsbquoraquo˙ permil˙permilsbquo Oacute˙permilsbquo Egrave˙permilsbquopermil˙permilsbquo

-raquo-Uacute permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilEgraveUacuteDagger˙permilUacutepermilOtildepermilœEgraveUacuteOtildeOacuteœEgraveUacuteAtildeEgraveEgraveUacutefipermilUacute

-Aacute-divide UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlAacutedivideDagger˙EgraveAacuteraquodivide EgraveAacutedivideOacuteAacutedivideEgraveAacutedivideAacutedivide

360

-Euml-UcircpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilEumlEgraveUcircIumlpermilEumlUgravepermilpermilEumlEgraveUcircOacuteEumlEgraveUcircEgraveEumlEgraveUcircpermilEumlUcirc

-Icirc-macr permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilIcircEgravemacrDagger˙AtildepermilfiƒmacrpermilpermilIcircEgravemacrOacuteIcircEgravemacrEgraveIcircEgravemacrpermilIcircmacr

-Ograve-Uacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlOgravelaquoUacuteDaggerIumlIumlOgraveEgraveUacutepermilOgraveUacutelaquoOgraveUacuteœEgraveOgraveUacuteOgraveUacute

-Uacute-IumlUgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacutelaquoIumlDagger˙UacuteEgraveIumlpermilUacuteIumllaquoUacuteIumlœEgraveUacuteIumlUacuteIuml

-Ugrave-Iuml UgraveUacuteIumlIumlUgravelaquoIuml_UgraveEgraveIumlpermilUgraveIumllaquoUgraveIumlEgraveUgravelaquoIumlUgravelaquoIuml

-ˆ-Iuml permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilÊgraveIumlDagger˙permilÎumlpermilœpermilÊgraveIumlOacuteÊgraveIumlEgraveÊgraveIumlpermilOtildeÎuml

-˜-permil UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜laquo˙Dagger˙Egrave˜raquoEgraveEgrave˜permilOacute˜permilEgrave˜permil˜permil

-˙-Ocirc UgraveUacuteIumlIuml˙˙Dagger˙Iuml˙Egravepermil˙Ocirclaquo˙OcircEgrave˙Ocirc˙Ocirc

Ograve-middot-middotpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddotmiddotpermilOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddotraquo˙permilOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddotOacuteOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddotEgraveOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddotpermilOgrave˙laquomiddotmiddot

hatef yatif metif hetif hatafah lrsquohatif to preach

haker yakir makir hikir hakarah lrsquohakir to know recognise

sa yisa noseacute-a nasa nesi-ah lirsquonsoacute-a to go travel

ne-al yin-al no-el na-al ne-ilah lirsquon-ol to wear ( shoes)

nefol yipol nofel nafal nefilah lirsquonpol to fall

hatsel yatsil matsil hitsil hatsalah lrsquohatsil to save

nakeh yenakeh menakeh nikah nikuy lersquonakot to clean

ten yiten noten natan netinah larsquotet to give

histovev yistovev mistovev histovev histovevut lrsquohistovev to turn around wander about

Irregular verb for full conjugation see p 370

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361hasber yasbir masbir hisbir hasbarah lrsquohasbir to explain

sgor yisgor soger sagar sgirah lirsquosgor to close

sader yesader mesader sider sidur lersquosader to put in order

histakel yistakel mistakel histakel histaklut lrsquohistakel to look

haskem yaskim maskim hiskim haskamah lrsquohaskim to agree

slakh yislakh soleacute-akh salakh slikhah lirsquoslo-akh to forgive

yisalakh nislakh nislakh lrsquohisalakh to be forgiven

hasmek yasmik masmik hismik hasmakah lrsquohasmik to blush

saper yesaper mesaper siper sipur lersquosaper to tell

avod ya-avod oved avad avodah larsquoavod to work

Ograve-middot-macr permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilOgravemiddotEgravemacrDagger˙IumlpermilOgravemiddotmacrpermilpermilOgravemiddotEgravemacrOacuteOgravemiddotEgravemacrEgraveOgravemiddotEgravemacrpermilOgravemiddotmacr

Ograve-sbquo-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlOgravesbquolaquomacrDagger˙OgravesbquoEgravemacrpermilOgravesbquomacrOgravelaquosbquomacrEgraveOgravesbquolaquomacrOgravesbquolaquomacr

Ograve-bdquo-macr UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlOgravebdquomacrDagger˙OgraveEgravebdquoraquomacrOgraveEgravebdquomacrOacuteOgravebdquomacrEgraveOgravebdquomacrOgravebdquomacr

Ograve-Icirc-Iuml permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilOgrave˙IcircIumlmiddotUacuteIumlpermilOgrave˙IcircIumlraquo˙permilOgrave˙IcircIumlOacuteOgrave˙IcircIumlEgraveOgrave˙IcircIumlpermilOgrave˙IcircIuml

Ograve-Icirc-Igrave permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilOgraveIcircEgraveIgrave IumlpermilOgraveIcircOacutepermil permilOgraveIcircEgraveIgrave OacuteOgraveIcircEgraveIgraveEgraveOgraveIcircEgraveIgravepermilOgraveIcircIgrave

Ograve-Iuml-Aacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlOgraveIumllaquoAacuteIumlOgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermilOgraveIumlAacuteOgravelaquoIumlAacuteEgraveOgraveIumlAacuteOgraveIumlAacute

Ograve-Iuml-Aacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgraveOgraveIumlAacute__OgraveIumlAacuteOgraveIumlAacuteEgraveOgraveIumlAacute_

Ograve-Oacute-˜permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilOgraveOacuteEgrave˜_permilOgraveOacute˜permilpermilOgraveOacuteEgraveÕacuteOgraveOacuteEgrave˜EgraveOgraveOacuteEgrave˜permilOgraveOacute˜

Ograve-Ugrave-macr UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlOgraveUgravemacrDagger˙IumlOgraveEgraveUgraveraquomacrOgraveEgraveUgravemacrOacuteOgraveUgravemacrEgraveOgraveUgravemacrOgraveUgravemacr

Uacute-middot-bdquo UgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacutemiddotlaquobdquomiddotUacutemiddotlaquobdquopermilUacutemiddotbdquoUacutelaquomiddotbdquoEgraveUacutemiddotlaquobdquoUacutemiddotlaquobdquo

362

Uacute-middot-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacutemiddotlaquomacrIumlDaggerIumlUacutemiddotEgravemacrpermilUacutemiddotmacrUacutelaquomiddotmacrEgraveUacutemiddotlaquomacrUacutemiddotlaquomacr

Uacute-middot-macrpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlpermilUacutemiddotEgravemacrDagger˙IumlpermilUacutemiddotmacrpermilpermilUacutemiddotEgravemacrOacuteUacutemiddotEgravemacrEgraveUacutemiddotEgravemacrpermilUacutemiddotmacr

Uacute-bdquo-Ucirc permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml IumlpermilUacutebdquoEgraveUcirc Dagger˙permilUacutebdquoUgravepermilpermilUacutebdquoEgraveUcircOacuteUacutebdquoEgraveUcircEgraveUacutebdquoEgraveUcircpermilUacutebdquoUcirc

Uacute-raquo-macr permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙Uacutelaquomacrmacr middotpermil˙Uacutelaquomacrmacrraquo˙ permil˙Uacutelaquomacrmacr Oacute˙Uacutelaquomacrmacr Egrave˙Uacutelaquomacrmacr permil˙Uacutelaquomacrmacr

Uacute-Ecirc-middot UgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacuteEcirclaquomiddotDagger˙UacuteEcircEgravemiddotpermilUacuteEcircmiddotUacutelaquoEcircmiddotEgraveUacuteEcirclaquomiddotUacuteEcirclaquomiddot

Uacute-Ecirc-macr UgraveUacuteIuml IumlUacuteEcirclaquomacr Iuml_UacuteEcircmacrUacutelaquoEcircmacrEgraveUacuteEcirclaquomacrUacuteEcirclaquomacr

Uacute-Iuml-permil UgraveUacuteIuml IumlUacuteIumllaquo˙DaggerIumlIumlUacuteIumlEgravepermilUacuteIumlpermilUacutelaquoIumlpermilEgraveUacuteIumlpermilUacuteIumlpermil

Uacute-Oacute-bdquoUgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacuteOacutelaquobdquo_UacuteOacuteEgravebdquopermilUacuteOacutebdquoUacutelaquoOacutebdquoEgraveUacuteOacutelaquobdquoUacuteOacutelaquobdquo

Uacute--Egrave-Ocircpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙UacuteEgraveEgraveOcircmiddotpermil˙UacuteEgraveEgraveraquo˙permil˙UacuteEgraveEgraveOcircOacute˙UacuteEgraveEgraveOcircEgrave˙UacuteEgraveEgraveOcircpermil˙UacuteEgraveEgraveOcirc

Uacute-ˆ-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacuteˆlaquomacrDagger˙middotUacuteÊgravemacrpermilUacuteˆmacrUacutelaquoˆmacrEgraveUacuteˆlaquomacrUacuteˆlaquomacr

avor ya-avor over avar averah larsquoavor to cross over pass by

ha-aver ya-avir ma-avir he-evir ha-avarah lrsquoha-avir to pass on

ha-adef ya-adif ma-adif he-edif ha-adafah lrsquoha-adif to prefer

hit-orer yit-orer mit-orer hit-orer hit-orerut lrsquohit-orer to wake up

azov ya-azov ozev azav azivah larsquoazov to leave

azor ya-azor ozer azar larsquoazor to help

aleh ya-aleh oleh alah aliyah larsquoalot to ascend

amod ya-amod omed amad amidah larsquoamod to stand

hit-anyen yit-anyen mit-anyen hit-anyen hit-anyenut lrsquohit-anyen to be interested in

atsor ya-atsor otser atsar atsirah larsquoatsor to stop arrest

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363hit-akesh yit-akesh mit-akesh hit-akesh hit-akshut lrsquohit-akesh to insist

hit-arev yit-arev mit-arev hit-arev hit-arvut lrsquohit-arev to interfere bet

ha-arekh ya-arikh ma-arikh he-erikh harsquoarakha lrsquoha-arikh to appreciate

aseh ye-aseh oseh asah asiyah larsquoasot to make do

ashen ye-ashen me-ashen ishen ishun lersquoashen to smoke

pgosh yifgosh pogesh pagash pgisha lirsquofgosh to meet

hipagesh yipagesh nifgash nifgash hipagshut lrsquohipagesh to meet (intrans)

patpet yefatpet mefatpet pitpet pitput lersquofatpet to chatter

titpale yitpale mitpale hitpale hitpalut lrsquohitpale to wonder

pneh yifneh poneh panah pniyah lirsquofnot to turn

Uacute-˜-dividepermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙Uacute˜divide_permil˙Uacute˜divideraquo˙ permil˙Uacute˜divide Oacute˙Uacute˜divide Egrave˙Uacute˜divide permil˙Uacute˜divide

Uacute-macr-middot permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙Uacutemacrmiddot middotUacuteIumlpermil˙Uacutemacrmiddotraquo˙ permil˙Uacutemacrmiddot Oacute˙Uacutemacrmiddot Egrave˙Uacutemacrmiddot permil˙Uacutemacrmiddot

Uacute-macr-Iacute permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilUacutemacrEgraveIacute_permilUacutemacrIcircpermilpermilUacutemacrEgraveIacuteOacuteUacutemacrEgraveIacuteEgraveUacutemacrEgraveIacutepermilUacutemacrIacute

Uacute-loz-permil UgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacutelozlaquo˙Dagger˙UacutelozEgravepermilUacutelozpermilUacutelaquolozpermilEgraveUacutelozpermilUacutelozpermil

Uacute-divide-Ocirc UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlUacutedivideOcirc_UacuteEgravedivideraquoOcircUacuteEgravedivideOcircOacuteUacutedivideOcircEgraveUacutedivideOcircUacutedivideOcirc

Ugrave-sbquo-divideUgraveUacuteIumlIumlUgravesbquolaquodivideDagger˙UgravesbquoEgravedividepermilUgravesbquodivideUgravelaquosbquodivide EgraveUgravesbquolaquodivideUgravesbquolaquodivide

Ugrave-sbquo-divideUgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivideUacuteIgravemiddotpermilEgraveUgravesbquodivideraquo˙UgravesbquodivideUgravesbquodivideEgraveEgraveUgravesbquodividepermilUgravesbquodivide

Ugrave-Euml-Ugrave-Euml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlUgraveEumlUgraveEuml_UgraveEgraveEumlUgraveraquoEuml UgraveEgraveEumlUgraveEuml OacuteUgraveEumlUgraveEuml EgraveUgraveEumlUgraveEumlUgraveEumlUgraveEuml

Ugrave-Iuml-Dagger permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙UgraveIumlDagger OacuteUacuteIumlpermil˙UgraveIumlDaggerraquo˙ permil˙UgraveIumlDagger Oacute˙UgraveIumlDagger Egrave˙UgraveIumlDagger ˙˙UgraveIumlDagger

Ugrave--permilUgraveUacuteIumlIumlUgravelaquo˙IumlDaggerIumlUgraveEgraveEgravepermilUgravepermilUgravelaquopermilEgraveUgravepermilUgravepermil

364

Ugrave-Ograve-˜ permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilUgraveOgraveEgrave˜ Dagger˙permilUgraveOgrave˜permilpermilUgraveOgraveEgrave˜ OacuteUgraveOgraveEgrave˜EgraveUgraveOgraveEgrave˜permilUgraveOgrave˜

Ugrave-˙-Aacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumlUgrave˙laquoAacuteDagger˙Ugrave˙EgraveAacutepermilUgrave˙AacuteUgravelaquo˙AacuteEgraveUgrave˙AacuteUgraveAtilde˙Aacute

Ugrave-˙-macrUgraveUacuteIumlIumlUgrave˙laquomacrDagger˙Ugrave˙EgravemacrpermilUgrave˙macrUgravelaquo˙macrEgraveUgrave˙laquomacrUgrave˙laquomacr

ˆ-bdquo-˜ UgraveUacuteIumlIumlˆbdquolaquo˜__ˆbdquo˜ˆlaquobdquo˜Egraveˆbdquo˜_

ˆ-raquo-UcircUgraveUacuteIumlIumlˆraquoUcircmiddotUacuteIumlÊgraveUgravepermilÛcircÛcircEgraveˆraquoUcircˆraquoUcirc

ˆ-Aacute-˜UgraveUacuteIumlIumlÂacutelaquo˜IumlOacute_Âacute˜ˆlaquoAacute˜EgraveÂacute˜Âacute˜

ˆ-Egrave-macr UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlÊgraveEgravemacrDagger˙ÊgraveraquomacrÊgraveEgravemacrOacuteÊgraveEgravemacrEgraveÊgraveEgravemacrÊgraveEgravemacr

ˆ-Iuml-Igrave UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlÎumlIgraveDagger˙ÊgraveIumlraquoIgraveÊgraveIumlIgraveOacuteÎumlIgraveEgraveÎumlIgraveÎumlIgrave

ˆ-Iuml-ˆ-Iuml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlÎumlÎumlDaggerIumlIumlmiddotÎumlˆraquoIumlÎumlÎumlOacuteÎumlÎumlEgraveÎumlÎumlÎumlÎuml

ˆ-Uacute-macr permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilÊumlUacutemacrUacuteIuml_permilÊumlUacutemacrOacuteÊumlUacutemacrEgraveÊumlUacutemacrpermilÊumlUacutemacr

hafsek yafsik mafsik hifsik hafsakah lrsquohafsik to stop interrupt

ptakh yiftakh poteacute-akh patakh ptikhah lirsquofto-akh to open

ptor yiftor poter patar ptirah lirsquoftor to solve

yitsdak tsodek tsadak lirsquotsdok to be right

tsuf yatsuf tsaf tsaf tsifah larsquotsuf to float

tskhak yitskhak tsokhek tsakhak lirsquotskhok to laugh

tsayer yetsayer metsayer tsiyer tsiyur lersquotsayer to draw paint

tsalem yetsalem metsalem tsilem tsilum lersquotsalem to photograph

tsaltsel yetsaltsel metsaltsel tsiltsel tsiltsul lersquotsaltsel to ring

hitsta-er yitsta-er mitsta-er hitsta-er lrsquohitsta-er to be sorry

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365yitstarekh tsarikh hitstarekh hitstarkhut lrsquohitstarekh to have to

be in need of

kabel yekabel mekabel kibel kibul lersquokabel to receive

hitkadem yitkadem mitkadem hitkadem hitkadmut lrsquohitkadem to go forward advance

kaveh yekaveh mekaveh kivah lersquokavot to hope

kum yakum kam kam kimah larsquokum to get up

kalkel yekalkel mekalkel kilkel kilkul lersquokalkel to spoil

kneh yikneh koneh kanah kniyah lirsquoknot to buy

kra yikra kore kara kri-ah lirsquokro to call read

hitkarev yitkarev mitkarev hitkarev hitkarvut lrsquohitkarev to approach come closer

yikreh koreh karah lirsquokrot to happen (3rd person)

ˆ-macr-Iacute permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilÊumlmacrIacute IumlpermilÊumlmacrIcircraquo˙permilÊumlmacrIacuteˆmacrEgraveIacuteEgraveÊumlmacrIacute_

˜-middot-Iuml UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜middotIumlDagger˙˜EgravemiddotraquoIuml˜EgravemiddotIumlOacute˜middotIumlEgrave˜middotIuml˜middotIuml

˜-bdquo-Igravepermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙˜bdquoIgraveDaggerIumlIumlpermil˙˜bdquoOacuteraquo˙permil˙˜bdquoIgraveOacute˙˜bdquoIgraveEgrave˙˜bdquoIgravepermil˙˜bdquoIgrave

˜-Acirc-permil UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlÃcircAcirclaquo˙Iuml_˜EgraveAcircpermilOacuteÃcircAcircpermilEgraveÃcircAcircpermilÃcircAcircpermil

˜-Acirc-Igrave UgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜raquoIgraveOacute˜EgraveOacutepermil˜Igrave˜IgraveEgrave˜raquoIgrave˜raquoIgrave

˜-Iuml-˜-IumlUgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜Iuml˜IumlDagger˙˜Iuml˜raquoIuml ˜Iuml˜IumlOacute˜Iuml˜Iuml Egrave˜Iuml˜Iuml ˜Iuml˜Iuml

˜--permil UgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜laquo˙Dagger˙˜EgraveEgravepermil ˜permil˜laquopermilEgrave˜permil˜permil

˜-macr-DaggerUgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜macrDaggerDagger˙Iuml˜macrEgraveDaggerpermil˜macrDagger˜laquomacrDaggerEgrave˜macrDagger˜macrDagger

˜-macr-middot permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙˜macrmiddotDaggerIumlIumlpermil˙˜macrmiddotraquo˙permil˙˜macrmiddotOacute˙˜macrmiddotEgrave˙˜macrmiddotpermil˙˜macrmiddot

˜-macr-permilUgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜macrlaquo˙__˜macrpermil˜laquomacrpermilEgrave˜macrpermil_

366

˜-macr-macrpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙˜macrmacr_permil˙˜macrmacrraquo˙permil˙˜macrmacrOacute˙˜macrmacrEgrave˙˜macrmacrpermil˙˜macrmacr

˜-divide-middot permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermil˜˘EgravemiddotIumlpermil˜dividemiddotpermil permil˜divideEgravemiddot Oacute˜divideEgravemiddot Egrave˜divideEgravemiddotpermil˜dividemiddot

˜-divide-˜-divide UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜divide˜divide middot˜divide˜raquodivide ˜divide˜divide Oacute˜divide˜divide Egrave˜divide˜divide ˜divide˜divide

˜-divide-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIuml˜dividelaquomacrDagger˙˜divideEgravemacrpermil˜dividemacr˜laquodividemacrEgrave˜dividelaquomacr˜˘laquomacr

˜-divide-macr permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙˜dividemacrDaggerIumlIumlpermil˙˜dividemacrraquo˙permil˙˜dividemacrOacute˙˜dividemacr Egrave˙˜dividemacr permil˙˜dividemacr

˜-divide-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgrave˜dividemacrIumlmiddotpermilEgrave˜dividemacrraquo˙˜dividemacr˜dividemacrEgraveEgrave˜dividemacr˜dividemacr

macr-Dagger-permilUgraveUacuteIumlIumlmacrDaggerlaquo˙Dagger˙macrDaggerEgraveEgravepermilmacrDaggerpermilmacrlaquoDaggerpermilEgravemacrDaggerpermilmacrDaggerpermil

macr-Dagger-permil permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilmacrDaggerlaquo˙ Dagger˙_permilmacrDaggerpermilOacutemacrDaggerpermilEgravemacrDaggerpermilpermilmacrDaggerpermil

macr-Dagger-permilpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙macrDaggerlaquo˙middot permil˙macrDaggerraquo˙permil˙macrDaggerpermil Oacute˙macrDaggerpermil Egrave˙macrDaggerpermilpermil˙macrDaggerpermil

macr-sbquo-˘ permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermilmacrsbquoEgravedivideDagger˙permilmacrsbquodividepermilpermilmacrsbquoEgravedivideOacutemacrsbquoEgravedivideEgravemacrsbquoEgravedividepermilmacrsbquodivide

hitkarer yitkarer mitkarer hitkarer hitkarerut lrsquohitkarer to cool down catch a cold

hakshev yakshiv makshiv hikshiv hakshavah lrsquohakshiv to listen

kashkesh yekashkesh mekashkesh kishkesh kishkush lersquokashkesh to scribble

kshor yikshor kosher kashar kshirah lirsquokshor to tie

hitkasher yitkasher mitkasher hitkasher hitkashrut lrsquohitkasher to call get in touch

kasher yikasher nikshar nikshar hikashrut lrsquohikasher to be tied

re-eh yir-eh ro-eh ra-ah re-iyah lirsquor-ot to see

har-eh yar-eh mar-eh her-ah lrsquohar-ot to show

hitra-eh yitra-eh mitra-eh hitra-ah hitra-ut lrsquohitra-ot to see each other

hargesh yargish margish hirgish hargashah lrsquohargish to feel

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367ruts yaruts rats rats ritsah larsquoruts to run

rakhem yerakhem merakhem rikhem lersquorakhem to pity

hitrakhets yitrakhets mitrakhets hitrakhets hitrakhatsut lrsquohitrakhets to wash

rekhav yirkav rokhev rakhav rekhivah lirsquorkov to ride

yirtseh rotseh ratsah lirsquortsot to want

rekad yirkod roked rakad lirsquorkod to dance

hitrashem yitrashem mitrashem hitrashem hitrashmut lrsquohitrashem to be impressed by

she-al yish-al sho-el sha-al she-ilah lirsquosh-ol to ask borrow

hash-er yash-ir mash-ir hish-ir hash-arah lrsquohash-ir to leave (trans)

hisha-er yisha-er nish-ar nish-ar hisha-arut lrsquohisha-er to be left

macr-raquo-ı UgraveUacuteIumlIumlmacrraquoıIumlOacuteDaggerAacutemacrEgravemacrEgraveˆpermilmacrımacrıEgravemacrraquoımacrraquoı

macr-Aacute-Igrave UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumlmacrAacuteIgraveUacuteIuml_macrEgraveAacuteIgraveOacutemacrAacuteIgraveEgravemacrAacuteIgravemacrAacuteIgrave

macr-Aacute-ıpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙macrAacuteı_permil˙macrAacuteˆraquo˙permil˙macrAacuteıOacute˙macrAacuteıEgrave˙macrAacuteıpermil˙macrAacuteı

macr-Icirc-middot UgraveUacuteIumlIumlmacrIcirclaquomiddotUacuteIumlmacrIcircEgravemiddotpermilmacrIcircmiddotmacrlaquoIcircmiddotEgravemacrIcircmiddotmacrIcircmiddot

macr-ˆ-permil UgraveUacuteIumlIumlmacrˆlaquo˙Dagger˙_macrˆpermilmacrlaquoˆpermilEgravemacrˆpermil_

macr-˜-bdquoUgraveUacuteIumlIumlmacr˜laquobdquo__macr˜bdquomacrlaquo˜bdquoEgravemacr˜laquobdquomacr˜bdquo

macr-divide-Igrave permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermil˙macrdivideIgraveOacutepermil˙macrdivideOacuteraquo˙permil˙macrdivideIgraveOacute˙macrdivideIgraveEgrave˙macrdivideIgravepermil˙macrdivideIgrave

divide-Dagger-Iuml UgraveUacuteIumlIumldivideDaggerlaquoIumlDagger˙divideDaggerEgraveIumlpermildivideDaggerIumldividelaquoDaggerIumlEgravedivideDaggerIuml˘DaggerIuml

divide-Dagger-macr permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermildivideDaggerEgravemacrDagger˙permildivideDaggermacrpermilpermildivideDaggerEgravemacrOacutedivideDaggerEgravemacrEgravedivideDaggerEgravemacrpermildivideDaggermacr

divide-Dagger-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgravedivideDaggermacrmiddotpermilEgravedivideDaggermacrraquo˙divideDaggermacrdivideDaggermacrEgraveEgravedivideDaggermacrpermilEgravedivideDaggermacr

368

divide-middot-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumldividemiddotlaquomacrDagger˙dividemiddotEgravemacrpermildividemiddotmacrdividelaquomiddotmacrEgravedividemiddotlaquomacrdividemiddotlaquomacr

divide-middot-macrUgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgravedividemiddotmacrUacuteIuml-EgravebdquoEgravepermilEgravedividemiddotmacrraquo˙dividemiddotmacrdividemiddotmacrEgraveEgravedividemiddotmacrpermilEgravedividemiddotmacr

divide-bdquo-Iumlpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermildivide˙bdquoIumlIumlpermildivide˙bdquoIumlraquo˙permildivide˙bdquoIumlOacutedivide˙bdquoIumlEgravedivide˙bdquoIumlpermildivide˙bdquoIuml

divide-raquo-Euml UgraveUacuteIumlIumldivideraquoEuml__divideEumldivideEumlEgravedivideraquoEumldivideraquoEuml

loz-Aacute-permil UgraveUacuteIumlIumllozAacutelaquo˙_lozAacuteEgraveEgravepermillozAacutepermillozlaquoAacutepermilEgravelozAacutepermillozAacutepermil

loz-Aacute-˜UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumllozAacute˜middotOacutelozAacute˜lozEgraveAacuteÕacutelozAacute˜EgravelozAacute˜lozAacute˜

loz-Egrave-Igrave UgraveUacuteIumlIumllozEgraveIgraveDagger˙lozEgraveOacutepermillozIgravelozIgraveEgravelozEgraveIgravelozEgraveIgrave

divide-Egrave-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIuml˘Egravemacr_divideEgravemacrpermildividemacrdividemacrEgravedivideEgravemacrdivideEgravemacr

divide-Icirc-AacuteUgraveUacuteIumlIumldivideIcirclaquoAacuteDagger˙divideIcircAacutepermildivideIcircAacute˘laquoIcircAacuteEgravedivideIcircAacutedivideIcircAacute

divide-Iuml-AacuteUgraveUacuteIumlIumldivideIumllaquoAacuteDagger˙divideIumlEgraveAacutepermildivideIumlAacutedividelaquoIumlAacuteEgravedivideIumlAacutedivideIumlAacute

shvor yishbor shover shavar shvirah lirsquoshbor to break

hishaver yishaver nishbar nishbar hishavrut lrsquohishaver to be broken

hishtadel yishtadel mishtadel hishtadel hishtadlut lrsquohishtadel to strive

shut yashut shat shat larsquoshut to sail

skheh yiskheh sokheh sakhah skhiyah lirsquoskhot to swim

sakhek yesakhek mesakhek sikhek miskhak lersquosakhek to play

sim yasim sam sam simah larsquosim to put

shir yashir shar shar shirah larsquoshir to sing

shkhakh yishkakh shokheacute-akh shakhakh shikhekhah lishkoacute-akh to forget

shlakh yishlakh sholeacute-akh shalakh shlikhah lishloacute-akh to send

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369shalem yeshalem meshalem shilem shilumim lersquoshalem to pay

shma yishma shomeacute-a shama shmi-ah lirsquoshmoacute-a to hear

shmor yishmor shomer shamar shmirah lirsquoshmor to keep guard

shaneh yeshaneh meshaneh shinah shinuy lersquoshanot to change

hishta-el yishta-el mishta-el hishta-el hishta-alut lrsquohishta-el to cough

hishafekh yishafekh nishpakh nishpakh hishafkhut lrsquohishafekh to spill

shteh yishteh shotah shatah shtiyah lirsquoshtot to drink

hatkhel yatkhil matkhil hitkhil hatkhalah lrsquohatkhil to start

taken yetaken metaken tiken tikun lersquotaken to mend

hitaka yitaka nitka nitka hitak-ut lrsquohitaka to get stuck

divide-Iuml-Igrave UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumldivideIumlIgraveDagger˙divideEgraveIumlraquoOacuteEgraveIgravedivideEgraveIumlIgraveOacutedivideIumlIgraveEgravedivideIumlIgravedivideIumlIgrave

divide-Oacute-Uacute UgraveUacuteIumlIumldivideOacutelaquoUacuteDagger˙divideOacuteEgraveUacutepermildivideOacuteUacutedividelaquoOacuteUacuteEgravedivideOacuteUacutedivideOacuteUacute

divide-Oacute-macr UgraveUacuteIumlIumldivideOacutelaquomacrUacuteIumlDagger˙divideOacuteEgravemacrpermildivideAtildeOacutemacrdividelaquoOacutemacrEgravedivideOacutelaquomacrdivideOacutelaquomacr

divide--permil UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIumldividelaquo˙Dagger˙divideEgraveraquoEgravedivideEgravepermilOacutedividepermilEgravedividepermildividepermil

divide-Uacute-Iumlpermil˙UgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermildivide˙UacuteIuml_permil˘˙UacuteIumlraquo˙permildivide˙UacuteIumlOacutedivide˙UacuteIumlEgravedivide˙UacuteIumlpermildivide˙UacuteIuml

divide-Ugrave-IacuteUgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgravedivideUgraveIacuteUacuteIuml-EgravebdquoEgravepermilEgravedivideUgraveIcircraquo˙divideUgraveIacutedivideUgraveIacuteEgraveEgravedivideUgraveIacutepermilEgravedivideUgraveIacute

divide-˙-permilUgraveUacuteIumlIumldivide˙laquo˙Dagger˙divide˙EgraveEgravepermil˘˙permildividelaquo˙permilEgravedivide˙permildivide˙permil

˙-Aacute-Iuml permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlIumlpermil˙AacuteEgraveIumlDagger˙permil˙AacuteIumlpermilpermil˙AacuteEgraveIumlOacute˙AacuteEgraveIumlEgrave˙AacuteEgraveIumlpermil˙AacuteIuml

˙-˜-Ocirc UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlIuml˙ÕcircDagger˙˙Egrave˜raquoOcirc˙EgraveÕcircOacute˙ÕcircEgrave˙Õcirc˙Õcirc

˙-˜-UacuteUgraveUacuteIumlIumlpermilEgrave˙˜UacutemiddotpermilEgrave˙˜Uacuteraquo˙˙˜Uacute˙˜UacuteEgraveEgrave˙˜UacutepermilEgrave˙˜Uacute

370

-˙-Ocirc )Iuml˙˙(

˙˙Egrave ˙˙ ˙˙ ˙Ocirc ˙permil laquo˙Ocirc laquo˙˙ laquo˙EgraveIgrave laquo˙laquo˙Dagger˙Ocirc ˙Egrave˙Ocirc ˙Egrave˙Egrave Egrave˙Ocirc ˙Egrave˙Ocirc˙Ocirc ˙Egrave ˙raquo

˙raquo ˙˙IgraveOcirc ˙raquoEgrave˙Ocirc ˙Egrave˙raquo Egrave˙raquo

Egrave-Icirc-Iuml )Iuml˙˙(

EgraveIcirclaquoIuml˙Egrave EgraveIcirclaquoIuml˙ EgraveIcirclaquoIuml˙ EgraveIcirclaquoIuml EgraveIcircIumlpermilEgraveIcirclaquoIuml EgraveIcirclaquoIumlpermil EgraveIcirclaquoIumlEgraveIgrave EgraveIcirclaquoIumllaquo˙DaggerraquoIcircIuml ˙raquoIcircIuml ˙raquoIcircIumlEgrave EgraveraquoIcircIuml ˙raquoIcircIuml

EgraveIcirclaquoIumlraquo EgraveIcirclaquoIuml˙Igrave)Ocirc( EgraveIcircIumlraquoraquoIcircIuml ˙raquoIcircIumlraquo EgraveraquoIcircIumlraquo

to be able to

to give

Irregular conjugations

ten tni tnu eten titen titni yiten titen noten noteacutenet nataacuteti nataacuteta natat natan

niten titnu yitnu notnim notnot natnah nataacutenu netatem(n) natnu

ukhal tukhal tukhli yukhal yakhol yekholah yakhoacutelti yakhoacutelta yakholt

tukhal nukhal tukhlu yukhlu yekholim yekholot yakhol yakhlah yakhoacutelnu

yakhoacuteltem(n) yakhlu

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HebrewndashEnglish Glossary

fatherbutpear redsiratmosphereearfoodperhapshallulpan (language course)leatherguestme youhellipso thenregion areacitizenbrother (sister nurse)percentagebackwardsafterwardsother differentlastafterafternoonotherwisebutcherrsquos shopimpossibleidealwhich whathowno matter never mindI you have notI youhellipamare notIslamwhereman (woman wife)with me you hellip

aacuteba (m)avalagas (m)adom (adumah f)adoniavirah (f)oacutezen (oznayim m pl)oacutekhel (m)ulayulam (m)ulpan (m)or (m)oreacute-akh (orakhat f)oti otkha (see prep chart)azeyzor (m)ezrakh (-it f)akh (-ot f)akhuz (m)akhoacuterahakhar kakhakher (akheacuteret f)akharon (akhronah f)akhareyakharey harsquotsohoraacuteyimakheacuteretitliz (m)irsquoefsharide-aacuteli (-t f)eyzeh ( eyzo f)ekheyn davareyn li lekha hellipeyni eynkha hellipislameyfohish (ishah f)iti itkha hellip(see prep chart)

For verbs see Verb Glossary

DaggermiddotDaggerDaggermiddotIumlDaggersbquoOgraveDaggerbdquolaquoIgrave)permil(DaggerbdquolaquoEgraveDaggerAcircAcircEgravepermilDaggerlaquoEcircOcirc)DaggerEcircEgraveEgraveIgrave(DaggerlaquoIcircIumlDaggerraquoIumlEgraveDaggerraquoIumlIgraveDaggerraquoIumlUgraveOcircDaggerlaquoDaggerlaquoAacute)(DaggerlaquoEgraveDaggerlaquoIacutehellipDaggerEcircDaggerEcirclaquoDaggerEcircAacute)Egrave(DaggerAacute)laquo(DaggerAacuteraquoEcircDaggerAacutelaquopermilDaggerAacutemacr IcircIacuteDaggerAacutemacr)(DaggerAacutemacrlaquoOcirc)permil(DaggerAacutemacrEgraveDaggerAacutemacrEgrave permilˆpermilmacrEgraveEgraveIgraveDaggerAacutemacrDaggerEumlIumlEgraveEcircDaggerEgrave DaggerUgravedividemacrDaggerEgravebdquoDaggerIumlEgrave)(DaggerEgraveEcircpermil )DaggerEgraveEcirclaquo(DaggerEgraveIacuteDaggerEgraveOcirc bdquomiddotmacrDaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgraveIumlIacutehellipDaggerEgraveEgraveDaggerEgraveIacutehellipDaggerEgraveOgraveIumlDaggerIgraveDaggerEgraveUgravepermilDaggerEgravedivide)permil( DaggerEgraveEgraveDaggerEgraveIacutehellip

372

totheseif whetherif sohellipin that case thusmotherbeliefartistartartisticitrsquos true that indeedweIboat shipclergy religious peoplepeopleforbiddengratefulmeeting assemblynoseeven bicycle(it is) possible you canfingerby at the house of withlongwallet purseUnited Statesguiltygarbage rubbishyou (singmf)you (plmf)yesterdaysite

in at really indeedin Israelpleasegarment clothingexactlyjokegenerally usuallycertainly absolutelylight clearstamp

DaggerIumlDaggerIumlpermilDaggerIgraveDaggerIgrave IcircIacuteDaggerOacuteDaggerDaggerOacuteraquopermil DaggerOacuteOcirc)Egrave(DaggerOacuteraquoDaggerOacuteraquoEgrave)(DaggerOacuteIgraveDaggerAacuteraquoDaggerEgraveDaggerEgraveEgravepermilDaggerdivideEgrave bdquo DaggerEgraveIgraveDaggerOgraveraquoDaggerOgraveEgrave)( laquobdquopermilDaggerOgraveUgravepermilDaggerUcircDaggerUgraveEgraveIumlraquoDaggerUgraveEgraveEgraveIgraveDaggerUgravedividemacrDaggerˆmiddotUacuteDaggerÎumlDaggermacrlaquoIacute )Icircpermil(DaggermacrDaggermacrˆlaquo permilmiddotmacrEgraveDaggerdivideIgrave)Oacutepermil(DaggerdivideUgravepermilDagger˙permilDagger˙Dagger˙Igrave)Ocirc(Dagger˙OacutelaquoIumlDagger˙macr

middothellipmiddotDaggerOacute˙middotDaggermacrımiddotmiddot˜dividepermilmiddotsbquobdquomiddotbdquoEgraveraquomiddotbdquoEgraveAacutepermilmiddotbdquomacrIacute IcircIumlIumlmiddotpermilAacuteIumlEumlmiddotpermilEgrave)permil(middotraquoIuml

el (see prep chart)eacutelehimim kakhiacutemaemunah (f)oman (-itf)omanut (f) omanuti (-t f)omnamanaacutekhnuanioniyah (f)anshey datanashimasurasir (-itf) todahasefah (f)af (m)afiacuteluofanaacuteyim (m pl)efshareacutetsba (f)etsel (see prep chart)arokh (arukah f)arnak (m)artsot harsquobritashem (-ah f)ashpah (f)atah (m) at (f)atem (m) aten (f)etmolatar (m)

brsquo (see prep chart)brsquoemetbarsquoaacuteretzbrsquovakashahbeacuteged (m)brsquodiyukbdikhah (f)brsquodeacuterekh klalbrsquohekhletbahir (behirah f)bul (m)

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373

morningbeigecarefullyoutsideboy (girl)nauseacertain surestomachtogetherbetweenin the meantimevisitbeerhousethe Templehospitalsynagoguepharmacyapartment blockschoolneverthelessin any caseat allwithoutespeciallyinstead (of)soncousin (male)builtbuildingcash machineall right OKgreat fineproblemmainly especiallyhusbandowner (of)actuallyby myselfhelliponioneasilyin connection withwelcomeThank G-dswimming pool

boacuteker (m)bejbirsquozhirut barsquokhutsbakhur (-ah f)bekhilah (f)batuacute-akh (betukhah f)beacuteten (f)brsquoyakhadbeynbentaacuteyimbikur (m)biacuterah (f)baacuteyit (batim m pl)beyt harsquomikdashbeyt kholimbeyt kneacutesetbeyt mirkaacutekhatbaacuteyit meshutafbeyt seacuteferbrsquokhol zotbrsquokhol mikrehbirsquokhlalblibirsquomyukhadbirsquomkombenben dodbanuy (bnuyah f)binyan (m)bankat (m)brsquoseacutederbrsquoseacuteder gamurbe-ayah (f)brsquoikarbaacute-alba-al(-at f)brsquoeacutetsem brsquoatsmi (see prep chart)batsal (m)brsquokalutbrsquokeacutesherbarukh harsquobabarukh harsquoshembrekhah

middotlaquomacr middotEcircmiddotEcircpermilEgraveraquomiddotAacuteraquoımiddotAacuteraquo)permil( middotAacuteEgraveIumlpermilmiddotEumlraquoAacute)permil(middotEumlOcircmiddotEgraveAacutebdquomiddotEgraveOcircmiddotEgraveEgraveEgraveIgravemiddotEgraveraquomiddotEgravepermilmiddotEgrave )middot˙EgraveIgrave(middotEgrave permilOacute˜bdquodivide middotEgrave AacutelaquoIumlEgraveIgravemiddotEgrave IcircOgrave˙middotEgrave OacutemacrAacute˙middotEgrave OacutedivideraquoUcircmiddotEgrave OgraveUgravemacrmiddotIcircIuml EcircDagger˙middotIcircIuml OacuteEgravemacrpermilmiddotIcircIumlIumlmiddotIumlEgrave middotOacuteEgraveraquoAacutebdquomiddotOacute˜laquoIgravemiddotOcircmiddotOcirc bdquolaquobdquomiddotraquoEgrave)permil( middotEgraveEgraveOcircmiddotEumlmiddotOgravebdquomacr middotOgravebdquomacr sbquoOacuteraquomiddotUacuteEgravepermilmiddotUacuteEgravemacr middotUacuteIumlmiddotUacuteIuml)(middotUacuteÎgravemiddotUacuteÔacuteEgravehellipmiddotÎumlmiddot˜Iumlraquomiddot˜dividemacr middotmacrraquoIacute permilmiddotDaggermiddotmacrraquoIacute permildivideIgravemiddotmacrEgraveIcircpermil

374

(very) willinglychoicewhat forformeatdaughtercousin (female)inside

backhigh tallcheeseman male gentlemanbig greatbodycarrotgardenbrother- (sister-)in-lawalsoGarden of Edensockthroatdivorcedwet rainyrain

thinghoneyfishmail postuncle (aunt)just (-because) exactly sourgentenoughspeech talk expressionapartmentdoorbloodopinion minutesouthsouthwardsroad path wayreligion faithreligious

brsquoratson (rav)brerah (f)bishvil mahbishvilbasar (m)batbat doacutedahbrsquotokh

gav (m)gavoacute-ha (gvohah f)gvinah (f)geacutever (gvarim)gadol (gdolah f)guf (m)geacutezer (gzarim m)ginah (f)gis(-ah f)gamgan-eacutedengeacuterev (garbaacuteyim m pl)garon (m)garush (grushah f)gashumgeacuteshem (m)

davar (dvarim m pl)dvash (m)dag (m)doacute-ar (m)dod(-ah f)daacutevkahdakhuf (dkhufah f)daydibur (m)dirah (f)deacutelet (f)dam (m)de-ah (f)dakah (f)darom (m)daroacutemahdeacuterekh (drakhim m and f pl)dat (f)dati (-yah f)

middotmacrˆlaquoOcirc )middot(middotmacrmacrpermilmiddotdividemiddotEgraveIuml OacutepermilmiddotdividemiddotEgraveIumlmiddotmacrmiddot˙middot˙ bdquolaquobdquopermilmiddot˙laquoIacute

sbquomiddotsbquomiddotlaquopermil)permil(sbquomiddotEgravepermilsbquomiddotmacrsbquobdquolaquoIuml)permil(sbquoraquoUcircsbquoEcircsbquoEgravepermilsbquoEgraveOgrave)permil(sbquoIgravesbquoOcirc-UacutebdquoOcircsbquomiddot )sbquomiddotEgraveEgraveIgrave(sbquolaquoOcircsbquoraquo)permil(sbquodivideraquoIgravesbquodivideIgrave

bdquomiddotmacrbdquomiddotdividebdquosbquobdquolaquoDaggermacrbdquolaquobdquo)permil(bdquoAcircAcircDaggerbdquoAacuteraquoUcirc)permil(bdquoEgravebdquoEgravemiddotraquobdquoEgravepermilbdquoIumlbdquoIgravebdquoUacutepermil bdquopermilbdquomacrlaquoIgravebdquomacrlaquoOacutepermilbdquomacrIacutebdquo bdquoEgrave)permil(

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375

thewhether (interrogative)home(wards)heperformance showparentsopportunityinvitation order booking(to the) outsideshetodaythe mostif only I wishloanthere and back a returnwalking journey on foottonightthey many a lot ofthe far eastthe middle easthere (is)discountthis eveningbreak pause intermissionsurprisesuggestionmany muchsettlement

andcertainly definitelypurplethisflythisgoldthatrsquos itpairoliveglasstimenimble agile adroit

a pity

harsquohellipharsquoimharsquobaacuteytahhuhofa-ah (f)horimhizdamnut (f)hazmanah (f)harsquokhuacutetsahhiharsquoyomharsquokhiharsquolevayhalva-ah (f)halokh varsquoshovhalikhah (f)harsquolaacuteylahhem (m)hen (f)hamonharsquomizrakh harsquorakhok (m)harsquomizrakh harsquotikhon (m)hinehhanakhah (f)harsquoeacuterevhafsakah (f)hafta-ah (f)hatsa-ah (f)harbehhityashvut (f)

vrsquohellipvadayvarod (vrudah f)zot (f)zvuv (m)zeh (m)zahav (m)zeacutehuzug (m)zaacuteyit (zeytim m pl)zkhukhit (f)zman (m)zariz (zerizah f)

khaval (m)

permilhellip permilDaggerIgrave permilmiddotEgravepermilpermilraquoDaggerpermillaquoUgraveUacutepermil permillaquoEgraveIgravepermilEcircbdquoOacuteraquopermilEcircOacutepermilpermilAacuteraquopermilpermilEgraveDaggerpermilEgravelaquoIgravepermilIcircEgravepermilIumlAcircDaggerEgravepermilIumlAcircAcircDaggerpermilpermilIumllaquoIacute AcircdividelaquomiddotpermilIumlEgraveIcircpermilpermilIumlEgraveIumlpermilpermilIgravepermilOcircpermilOacutelaquoOcircpermilOacuteEcircAacute permilmacrAacutelaquopermilOacuteEcircAacute permil˙EgraveIcirclaquoOcircpermilpermilpermilAacutepermilpermilUacutemacrmiddotpermilUgraveOgrave˜permilpermilUgraveUacutepermil permilÛacutepermilpermilmacrmiddotpermil permil˙EgraveEgravedividemiddotraquo

AcirchellipAcircAcircbdquoDaggerEgraveAcirclaquobdquo)permil( EcircDagger˙EcircmiddotraquomiddotEcircpermilEcircpermilmiddot EcircpermilraquoEcircraquosbquoEcircEgraveEcircIcircraquoIcircEgrave EcircOacuteOcircEcircEgraveEcirc)permil(

AacutemiddotIuml

376

friend boygirlfriendfriendlyfestiveroomdining-roomliving-roomstudy work-roombedroomnewabroad (outside Israel)clubmonthexperienceill sick patientshirt blouseheat feverbrownhumouscoast shore beachholidayimpertinence cheek lawwinterin-law (m and f)strongobliged bound liableanimalssoldierlifeclever wisemilkchallah breaddreamwindowhotbuttercute lovelyhamsin hot windshopparkinglettucemidnighthalf (half of)aubergines egg-plantaccount bill invoice

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377

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378

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379

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380

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381

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382

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383

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384

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tomatorounduntilmore still(small) change surpluschickenleatherhelppeneyeoccupationpencilmain thing essencecity towncapital citynewspaperjournalistnowon about

saacutebasabon (m)saacutevtasegol (sgulah f) sagur (sgurah f)sus (m)sof (m)sof shavuacute-asibah (f)sirah (f)sakum (m)(sakin kaf ursquomazleg)sakin (m) sakanah (f)slikhahsimtah (simta-ot f pl)seacutendvitch (m)sandal (m)safek (m)seacutefer (sfarim m pl)sapar(-it f)sfaradseacuteret (sratim m pl)stav (m)stam

agvaniyah (f)agol (agulah f)adodoacutedef (m)of (m)or (m)ezrah (f)et (etim f)ayin (enaacuteyim f pl)isuk (m)iparon (efronot mpl)ikar (m)ir (arim f pl)ir habirahiton (m)itonay (-it f)akhshaval (see prep chart)

OgravemiddotDaggerOgravemiddotlaquoOcircOgravemiddot˙DaggerOgravesbquolaquoIuml)permil( Ogravesbquoraquo)permil(OgraveraquoOgraveOgravelaquoUcircOgravelaquoUcirc dividemiddotraquoUacuteOgraveEgravemiddotpermilOgraveEgravepermilOgraveIcircraquoIgrave)OgraveIcircEgraveOcirc IcircUcirc AcircOacuteEcircIumlsbquo(OgraveIcircEgraveOcircOgraveIcircpermilOgraveIumlEgraveAacutepermilOgraveOacuteEumlpermil)Daggerlaquo(OgravebdquoAcircAcircEgraveıszligOgravebdquoIumlOgraveUgrave OgraveUgravemacrOgraveUgravemacr)Egrave(OgraveUgravemacrbdquoOgraveEumlOgrave˙EgraveAcircOgrave˙Igrave

UacutesbquomiddotEgraveEgravepermilUacutesbquolaquoIuml)permil(UacutebdquoUacutelaquobdquoUacutelaquobdquoUcircUacutelaquoUcircUacutelaquoUacuteEcircpermilUacuteEuml)EgraveIgrave(UacuteEgraveOcirc )UacuteEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave(UacuteEgraveOgraveraquoUacuteEgraveUgravemacrlaquoOcirc )UacuteUgravemacrlaquolaquo(UacuteEgravemacrUacuteEgrave )UacutemacrEgraveIgrave(UacuteEgrave permilmiddotEgravepermilUacuteEgravelaquoOcircUacuteEgravelaquoDaggerEgrave)(UacuteIcircdivideEgraveAcircUacuteIuml

385

next to (next to mehellip)by by means ofin the name ofwithnationgrapecloudhuge giganticbusybusiness matternervesorrowsadeveningrich wealthyancient

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armymilitarycoloursideIsrael Defence Force

yellownoon

al yad (al yadihellip)al yedeyal shemim (see prep chart)am (m)enav (anavim m pl)anan (m)anaki(-t f)asuk(-ah f)eacutesek (asakim m pl)atsav (astabim m pl)eacutetsev (m)atsuv(-ah f)eacuterev (m)ashir(-ah f)atik(-ah f)

pgishah (f)pohpeh (piyot m pl)po-el(-et f)pakhotpitriyah (f)piacutetah (f)peacutele-fon (m)pilpel (m)pnimahpeacutesakhpsantran(-it f)paacute-am (pe-amim f pl)pardes (m) prati(-t f)pri (perot m pl)pashut (pshutah f)pashtidah (f)patuacute-akh (petukhah f)

tsava (m)tsva-i(-t f)tseacuteva (tsva-im m pl)tsad (tsdadim m)tsahal (tsva harsquohaganahlrsquoisra-el) (m)tsahov (tsehubah f)tsohoraacuteyim (m)

UacuteIuml Egravebdquo)UacuteIuml EgravebdquoEgravehellip(UacuteIuml EgravebdquoEgraveUacuteIuml divideIgraveUacuteIgraveUacuteIgraveUacutemiddotUacuteOcircUacuteEgrave)(UacuteOgraveraquo)permil(UacuteOgrave˜UacuteˆmiddotUacuteˆmiddot Uacuteˆraquomiddot)permil( UacutemacrmiddotUacutedivideEgrave)permil(UacuteEgrave)permil(

UgravesbquoEgravedividepermilUgravepermilUgravepermil)UgraveEgravelaquo(UgravelaquoUacuteIuml)(UgraveAacutelaquoUgraveEumlmacrEgravepermilUgraveEgravepermilUgraveIumlDagger-UgravelaquoOcircUgraveIumlUgraveIumlUgraveEgraveOacutepermilUgraveOgraveAacuteUgraveOgravemacrOcirc)Egrave(UgraveUacuteIgraveUgravemacrbdquoOgraveUgraveEumlEgrave)(UgravemacrEgrave )Ugravemacrlaquo(UgravedivideraquoEuml)permil(UgravedivideEumlEgravebdquopermilUgraveraquoAacute)permil(

ˆmiddotDaggerˆmiddotDaggerEgrave)(ˆmiddotUacute)EgraveIgrave(ˆbdquoˆpermilIumlˆmiddotDagger permilpermilsbquopermil IumlEgravelozDaggerIumlˆpermillaquomiddot )permilraquomiddotpermil(ˆpermilmacrEgraveEgraveIgrave

386

junction crossroadsdrawing paintingpicturesqueshadecrossplate dishthirstyvegetarianmodest humblestepyounggrief sorrowexpectednorthnorthwards to the northnorthernchequenarrowtightneed mustfixedgrave tombholyforwards aheadcommunity publicbefore firstcottagecinemafloor level storeykettlepastry shopshopper buyerticket-seller cashierlittle smallkibbutzprefix area codewallsummereasy lightjealousyshopping mallcoffeeshorta little a bitcoldnear (adj) family relation

tsomet (m)tsiyur (m)tsiyuri(-t f)tsel (tslalim mpl)tslav (m)tsalaacutekhat (f)tsame (tsme-ah f)tsimkhoni(-t f)tsanuacute-a (tsnu-ah f)tsaacute-ad (tse-adim mpl)tsa-ir (tse-irah f)tsaacute-ar (m)tsafuy (tsfuyah f)tsafon (m)tsafoacutenahtsfoni(-t f)tshek (m)tsar(-ah f)tsarikh (tsrikhah f)kavuacute-a (kvu-ah f)keacutever (kvarim mpl)kadosh (kdoshah f)kadiacutemahkehilah (f)koacutedemkoacutetedge (m)kolnoacute-a (m)komah (f)kumkum (m)konditoacuteriyah (f)koneh (konah f)kupay (-it f)katan (ktanah f)kibuts (m)kidoacutemet (f)kir (kirot mpl)kayits (m)kal(-ah f)kin-ah (f)kanyon (m)kafeh (m)katsar (ktsarah f)ktsatkar (karah f)karov (krovah f)

ˆlaquoOacute˙ÊgraveraquoÊgraveraquoEgrave)(Îuml )IumlIumlEgraveIgrave(Îumlmiddot ÎumlAacute˙ÔacuteDagger)permil(ÔacuteAacutelaquoEgrave)(ˆraquoUacute)permil( ÛacutebdquoÛacuteEgrave)permil(Ûacutemacr ÛgraveraquoEgrave)permil(ÛgravelaquoOcircÛgravelaquopermilÛgravelaquoEgrave)(ˆszligˆmacr)permil(ˆmacrEgraveIacute )macrEgraveIcircpermil(˜middotraquoUacute)permil(˜middotmacr)EgraveIgrave(˜bdquolaquodivide)permil(˜bdquoEgraveOacutepermil˜permilEgraveIumlpermil˜laquobdquoIgrave˜laquoEumlsbquoszlig˜laquoIumllaquoUacute˜laquoOacutepermil˜raquoOacute˜raquoIgrave˜laquobdquoEgraveEumllaquoEgravepermil˜laquopermil˜raquoUgraveDaggerEgrave)(˜EumlOcirc)permil(˜Egravemiddotraquoı˜EgravebdquolaquoOacute˙ ˜Egrave)laquo( ˜Egraveı˜Iuml)permil(˜Daggerpermil ˜EgravelaquoOcirc˜Ugravepermil˜ˆmacr˜ˆ˙˜macr)permil(˜macrlaquomiddot)permil(

387

announcer broadcastersun protection creamcarphard difficultlinked related to

headNew YearPrime Ministerfirstmost (of) majoritymany muchrabbiquarterusual to be used tofoot legmomentfeeling emotionsingle (batchelorspinster)wind spiritspiritualdoctorwidestreetfaremptydancesoftvehicle cartraintraffic light(s)badhungryideaseriousplatform quaydancerlicence

that which whathellipquestionthe rest remainder rangestrike (of workers)sabbaticalairfield airport

karayan (karyanit f)krem haganah (m)karpiyonkasheh (kashah f)kashur (kshurah f)

rosh (m)rosh harsquoshanahrosh memshalahrishon(-ah f)rovrav (rabah f)rav (rabanim mpl)reacuteva (m)ragil (regilah f)reacutegel (raglaacuteyim fpl)reacutega (m)reacutegesh (regashot fpl)ravak(-ah f)ruacute-akh (m)rukhani(-t f)rofe (rofah f)rakhav (rekhavah f)rekhov (rekhovot mpl)rakhok (rekhokah f)rek(-ah f)rikud (m)rakh (rakah f)reacutekhev (m)rakeacutevet (f)ramzor(-im mpl)ra(-ah f)ra-ev (re-evah f)ra-ayon (ra-ayonot mpl)retsini(-t f)ratsif (retsifim mpl)rakdan(-it f)rishayon (rishyonot mpl)

shersquohellipshe-elah (f)she-ar (m)shvitah (f)shabaton (m)sdeh te-ufah (m)

˜macrEgraveEgraveOcirc)(˜Igrave permilsbquopermil˜macrUgraveEgravelaquoOcirc˜dividepermildividepermil˜divideraquo)permil(

DaggerdivideDaggerdivide permildividepermilDaggerdivide OacuteOacutedivideIumlpermil DaggerdividelaquoOcirc)permil(macrmiddot macrmiddot)permil(macrmiddot)EgraveIgrave(macrmiddotUacutemacrsbquoEgraveIuml)permil(macrsbquoIuml)EgraveEgraveIgrave(macrsbquoUacutemacrsbquodivide)laquo(macrAcircAcirc)permil(macrraquoAacute macrraquoAacuteEgravemacrlaquoUgraveDagger)permil(macrAacutemiddot)permil(macrAacutelaquomiddot)laquo(macrAacutelaquo)permil(macrEgrave)permil(macrEgraveraquobdquomacrIacute)permil(macrIcircmiddotmacrIcircmiddot˙

OacuteEcirclaquo)EgraveIgrave(macrUacute)permil( macrUacutemiddot)permil(macrUacuteEgravelaquoOcircmacrÊgraveEgrave)(macrÊgraveUcircmacrbdquoOcirc)(

divideEgravelaquoOcirc)laquo(

dividehellipdivideDaggerIumlpermildivideDaggermacrdividemiddotEgravepermildividemiddot˙laquoOcirclozbdquopermil UacuteraquoUgravepermil

388

avenueholocaustagainworth worthwhilefluent flowingpolicemantabledifferentdoorman goal keepermarketblacknonsensedownpour floodsong poemservice shared taxitoilets facilities servicesof snowpeace hellogoodbye the day before yesterdaysign signpostrule controlwholetherenameleft left-handto the lefthappiness joyous occasiondressfatoilsuntoothsecond (of time)annualhourclock watchhairrsquoflusilence quietquiet calmhot dry weathervery hot and dry (weather)remains ruins

sderah (f)sho-ah (f)shuvshaveh (shavah f)shotef(-et f)shoter(-et f)shulkhan (m)shoneh (shonah f)sho-er(-et f)shuk (m)shakhor (shkhorah f)shtut (shtuyot f)shitafon (shitfonot m pl)shir (m)sherut (m)sherutim (m)shel (see prep chart)sheacutelegshalom (m) shilshomsheacutelet (m)shilton (shiltonot m pl)shalem (shlemah f)shamshem (shemot m pl)smol (smalit f)smoacutelahsimkhah (smakhot f pl)simlah (smalot f pl)shamen (shmenah f)sheacutemen (m)sheacutemesh (f)shen (shinaacuteyim f pl)shniyah (f)shnati(-t f)sha-ah (f)sha-on (m)se-ar (m pl)shapaacute-at (f)sheacuteket (m)shaket (shketah f)sharav (m)shravi(-t f)sarid (sridim m)

lozbdquomacrpermil dividelaquoDaggerpermil divideraquomiddotdivideAcircAcircpermildividelaquoEumlUcirc)(dividelaquoEumlmacr)(divideraquoIumlAacuteOcircdividelaquopermil dividelaquoUacutemacr)(divideraquodivideAacutelaquo)permil(divideEumlraquodivideEgraveEumlUgravelaquoOcircdivideEgravedivideEgraveraquodivideEgraveraquoEgraveIgravedivideIuml divideIumlsbquodivideIumllaquoIgravedivideIumldividelaquoIgravedivideIumlEumldivideIumlEumllaquoOcirc)laquo(divideIumlIgrave)permil(divideIgravedivideIgrave)laquo(lozOacuteDaggerIuml)Egrave(lozOacuteDaggerIumlpermillozOacuteAacutepermil lozOacuteIumlpermildivideOacuteOcirc)permil(divideOacuteOcircdivideOacutedividedivideOcirc )divideEgraveEgraveEgraveIgrave(divideEgraveEgravepermildivideEgrave)(divideUacutepermildivideUacutelaquoOcirclozUacutemacrdivideUgraveUacutedivide˜Eumldivide˜Euml)permil(dividemacrmiddotdividemacrmiddotEgrave)(lozmacrEgravebdquo

389

accidenttheatreteathank youmany thanksturn queue appointmentTorah the Law of Mosesorchestra bandpublic transportforecaststation stoppetrol stationappetitetouristbabydocumentationplanstraightaway immediatelyjewelry(it) dependspicturetraffic movementorangeapplepotato

menuhopeperiod eracultured civilizedpayment

te-unah (f)te-atron (m)teh (m)todah todah rabahtor (m)torah (f)tizmoacuteret (f)takhburah tsiburit (f)takhazit (f)takhanah (f)takhanat deacutelekte-avon (m)tayar (tayeacuteret f)tinok(-et f)ti-ud (m)tokhnit (f)teacutekheftakhshit (m)taluy (tluyah f)tmunah (f)tnu-ah (f)tapuz (m)tapuacute-akh (m)tapu-akh (tapukhey m pl)

adamahtafrit (m)tikvah (f)tkufah (f)tarbuti (-t f)tashlum (m)

˙Daggerraquopermil˙DaggerEumlmacrlaquoOcirc˙permil˙laquobdquopermil˙laquobdquopermil macrmiddotpermil˙laquo˙laquopermil˙EcircOacutelaquo˙˙Aacutemiddotraquopermil EgravemiddotraquoEgrave˙AacuteEcircEgrave˙Aacutepermil˙Aacute bdquoIuml˙EgraveDaggermiddotlaquoOcirc˙EgraveEgrave)(˙Egravelaquo)(˙EgraveUacuteraquobdquo˙IcircEgrave˙IcircUcirc ˙IcircdivideEgraveEuml˙IumlraquoEgrave)permil(˙Oacuteraquopermil˙raquoUacutepermil˙UgraveraquoEcirc˙UgraveraquoAacute˙UgraveraquoAacute)Egrave( DaggerbdquoOacutepermil

˙UgravemacrEgraveEuml˙ÃcircAcircpermil˙˜raquoUgravepermil˙macrmiddotraquoEgrave)(˙divideIumlraquoIgrave

Index

adjectives 63ndash4 formed from verbs 241ndash2 used as adverbs 116demonstrative 83 341 interrogative 82 and definite nouns 65and lrsquo to express feelings 251 (summary) 341ndash2

adverbs 116 246 (summary) 342ndash3

age 121

alphabet 1ndash3 8ndash12 charts 10 17 consonants 10ndash12 vowels 13ndash16100 charts 14 15 handwriting script 17 22 101

Biblical verses 256ndash7

body (human) 226ndash7

colours 244

comparing 126ndash7

days of the week 124ndash5

efshar i efshar and infinitive 43

et 57ndash8 and pronoun endings 119ndash20 (summary) 345ndash6

eyn 66 eyn li see possession and pronoun endings259ndash60

family members 88ndash9

generalizing 98

greetings 26ndash7 41

harsquo lsquothersquo 32 41 42 57 65 83 87 95 338 341 342

history of the Hebrew language 4ndash5

permil

DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgraveDaggerEgraveOcirc

Dagger˙

DaggerUgravemacr DaggerEgrave DaggerUgravemacr

Iuml

kol harsquokol 128ndash9

means of transport 150ndash1

months seasons and festivals 152ndash5

negation 28 338 negative commands see prohibition

nouns gender 34 in plural 59ndash60 120ndash1 in word pairs see wordpairs patterns 174ndash5 180ndash2 sentence 27 and pronoun endings260ndash1 (summary) 339

numbers cardinal 51 108ndash10 as adjectives 60ndash1 ordinal 124ndash5

obligation tsarikh 46 185 and mukhrakh 185 216

permission mutar 221 yakhol 84 see also efshar

possession shel 74 yesh li eyn li 76ndash7 in past 184 nouns with pronoun endings see nouns

prepositions lsquoinseparablersquo 28 41 and pronoun endings 75 77171ndash3 183 chart 348ndash9 (summary) 344ndash5

professions 174ndash6

prohibition asur 221ndash2 negative commands 211

pronouns demonstrative 36 82ndash3 340ndash1 personal 31 relative seeshersquo to replace lsquoisarersquo 144ndash5 (summary) 339ndash41

questions 27 with harsquoim 250 (summary) 337ndash8

regret 233

shersquo 46ndash7 340 341

superlatives 144

telling the time 137ndash9

lsquoto bersquo 27 past tense 184 future 215 as auxiliary 185 216

vrsquo lsquoandrsquo 32 344Acirc

divide

permilDaggerIgrave

divide

DaggerOgraveraquo

Egrave IumlEgrave DaggerEgraveOcirc IumlEgravedivideIuml

DaggerUgravemacr

EgraveIcirclaquoIumlOacuteraquomacr

OacuteraquoIcircmacrAacuteˆmacrEgraveIacute

IcircIuml permilIcircIuml11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

391

verb tenses and groups (binyan ) the present tense (and useof 48 98) Group 1 47ndash9 52ndash3 80ndash1 97ndash8 Group 2 116ndash18 Group 3 136ndash7 Group 4 191 192Group 5 230ndash1 the past tense (and use of 160) Group 1

160ndash1 Group 2 162 Group 3 179ndash80 Group 4 191 192 Group 5 231 the future tense201ndash2 (and use of 202ndash3 210ndash11) Group 1 207ndash9 Group 2

203ndash4 Group 3 203 Group 4 203 Group 5 231 imperative Groups 1ndash4 223ndash4

verbs glossary 351ndash70 infinitive 43 48 84 roots 47 57 191ndash2system of groups (binyanim ) and subgroups (gzarot

) 350

weather 216

word pairs singular 86ndash7 plural 94ndash5 in sentences 97

word stress 31

yesh 66 yesh li see possessionEgrave IumlEgraveEgrave

sbquoEcirclaquo


UgraveUacuteIuml

permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlUgraveEgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIumlpermil˙UgraveUacuteIuml

permilUgraveUacuteEgraveIumlUgraveEgraveUacuteIumlUgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

permil˙UgraveUacuteIumlpermilUgraveUacuteEgraveIuml

UgraveEgraveUacuteIumlUgraveUacuteIuml


392

Book Cover

Half-Title

Title

Copyright

Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction

1 Reading and Writing Hebrew

2 Peter Arrives in Israel

3 Can We Meet

4 Its a Very Popular Restaurant

5 Family and Plans

6 Shopping at the Mall

7 Making Arrangements

8 On the Road and On Time

9 Home Sweet Home

10 Sport and Culture

11 Driving Down to the Dead Sea

12 At the Doctors

13 Jerusalem the Holy city

14 Media and Communications

Key to Exercises

Appendix 1 Transliterations for Units 10ndash14

Quick Grammar Reference

Appendix III

Hebrew-English Glossary

Index

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

Colloquial

Hebrew



Albanian Amharic



Basque Breton


CzechDanish




IndonesianItalian



Panjabi Persian



Swedish Tamil Thai


Vietnamese Welsh



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

Colloquial



London and New York












Contents


Introduction 1



3 39Can we meet








11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211











v






vi





Acknowledgements




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

Introduction

About this book





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211





Ugravepermilbdquo

Iuml

2

Phoenician Roman

AS










11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

3







4






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

5






Language points


Exercises



6

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

7

Verbs


Tapes and CDs







Shalom







AcircEgrave





The Aleph Bet




middot

Iumlmacr

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

9





big b betvan v vet

goat g gimel

door d daled

hello h hey

van v vav

zip z zayin

Loch kh khet

tail t tet

yo-yo y yod


lightning l lamed

memo m mem

noodle n nun

sun s samekh


pot p peyfun f fey

nuts ts tsadi

kick k kof

run r reysh

shoe sh shin

sing s sin

tail t tav



10

Euml

Egrave

ƒIcircIacute

Iuml

OacuteIgrave

Ocirc

Ograve

Uacute

notUgraveUcirc

ˆı

˜

macr

divide

loz

˙

Dagger

radicmiddot

sbquo

bdquo

permil

Acirc

Ecirc

Aacute











melekh (king)

mayim (water)

binyan (building)

anaf (branch)

ets (tree)


AcircOcirc

Igrave

ˆ)ı(Uacuteı






lozdivide




middotIcircUgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

11






Borrowed consonants


Georgelegion gi

beigelesion si

Charlesmatch ch

Exercise 1


123

ˆrsquo

Ecircrsquo

sbquorsquo

permil


˙

12


Exercise 2


dtsv





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

13






glass a kamats

patakh

men e tseyrey

segol

hit i khirik

dog o kholam

kholam male

put u shuruk

kubuts


or silent

Exercise 3



14

OtildeŒ

œ

laquo

raquo

lsaquo

Ÿ

fifiOacuteı

AtildenotfiAacute






divideraquoraquo

lsaquomiddotraquoı

ŸdivideAcircDagger

fiAtilde














11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

15

curren frasl fl






The letter yod


tie ay matay

boy oy oy

whey ey beytsah

Writing Hebrew





Egrave


raquolaquoAcirc

EgraveAcirc

16


17

Exercise 4




1 dr

2 kht

3 tsayin

4 khh

5 v or bkh or k

Exercise 5


Example n=3

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


macrbdquo

18





Uacutemacrmiddot






Exercise 6


k = 3 11 t = ___ ___ s = ___ ___

v = ___ ___ kh = ___ ___ silent = ___ ___

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1




Exercise 7



6 5 4 3 2 1

12 11 10 9 8 7




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

19




Exercise 8



12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1




Exercise 9


Exercise 10


Exercise 11





20


Exercise 12


Vocabulary but aval

luck mazal

what mah

yes ken

who mi

she hi

nonot lo

here poh

good tov

he hu

nothing klum

Exercise 13





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

21

DaggermiddotIuml

OacuteEcircIuml

Oacutepermil

IcircOcirc

OacuteEgrave

permilEgraveDagger

IumlDagger

Ugravepermil

Eumllaquomiddot

permilraquoDagger





Exercise 14








raquolaquoEgrave

˜Ugravepermil

22


12345

b

c d e

a

Exercise 16


Exercise 17




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

23



a

c

b

d

e






Dialogue 1



Acircpermil















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

25

Vocabulary

driver nehag

taxi monit


you atah

Mr mar


to lrsquo


now akhshav


in brsquo


from mirsquo


I (am) ani


Cultural note

Greetings






26

permilsbquo

OacutelaquoEgrave


Dagger˙permil

Oacutemacr


Iumlhellip




radichellip


Oacutehellip


DaggerEgrave









Language points

The noun sentence



Exercise 1


Questions




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

27





Negation




Exercise 2






Exercise 3


radicOacuteIuml



28

Exercise 4


Exercise 5




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

29
























Vocabulary




30






Cultural note



Language points

Personal pronouns


I ani (mf)

you atah (m)

you at (f)

he hu

she hi


you atem (m pl)

you aten (f pl)

they hem (m pl)

they hen (f pl)


middotDaggermacrı

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

31

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo

Dagger˙Igrave

Dagger˙Ocirc

permilIgrave

permilOcirc




girlfriend khaverah








Exercise 6




Exercise 7


Acircpermil



permilAcirc

Acirc

permil



permil

permil

32






Exercise 8



Example


radic





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

33






Exercise 9


eskimo=Eskimo

Noun gender





Exercise 10







˙permil







34

Exercise 11


Dialogue 3



poh lrsquoasakim



on(for) business


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

35








Vocabulary

this zeh (m)


what mah

does oseh

exactly brsquodiyuk

visits mevaker




Language Point



Exercise 12



street rekhov (m)







36

Ecircpermil


Oacutepermil



Oacutemiddot˜macr







middotEgrave

macrIcircmiddot˙

office misrad (m)

shop khanut (f)


bus oacutetobus (m)

town ir (f)


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

37

Oacutelozmacrbdquo

Aacuteraquo

Aacutebdquomacr


UacuteEgrave

Exercise 13







Exercise 14


(They shake hands)


IcirclaquoOcirc

38









3Can we meet




Dialogue 1


divide


permilradic Iuml

















Vocabulary

(he) speaks medaber



already kvar

when matay





excellent metsuyan

so then az

great yoacutefi

40




Icircmiddotmacr

Oacute˙Egrave






DaggerEcirc


Language points

How are you













Iumlradicpermil



permilOacute




permil




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

41

and

Some time words




today harsquoyom




Exercise 1


Example



permildividepermil







42








(all kol)






Example




to see lirsquorot





Iumlmiddot˜macr



IumlDaggerlaquo


Iuml






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43

Exercise 2


New vocabulary


fax faks (m)


Dialogue 2


middotdivide˜Euml

UgraveOgrave

OgraveEuml

BA














44








Vocabulary


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45

divideraquomiddot

Icirclaquomiddot˙

Icirclaquomiddot

ˆlaquobdquo

middotIumlEgrave


dividehellip






macrAacutelaquo

˙Aacutepermil

OacuteDaggerbdquo

˜macrlaquomiddot

Language points

Tsarikh


















dividehellip

dividehellip


IumlDagger




ˆmacrEgraveIacute

46














divide

Daggerdividemacr

dividehellip11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

47


the root letters














Exercise 3













Iuml

48







Exercise 4


Exercise 5


1

2

3











49






1

2

3

4

Dialogue 3













50










Vocabulary

sir adoni


(he) sees ro-eh


opposite mul

to buy lirsquoknot

ticket kartis (m)

Language points




1 akhat ekhad


3 shalosh shloshah

4 aacuterba arba-ah

5 khamesh khamishah

6 shesh shishah







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51




divideIgrave

OacuteraquoIuml

Iumllaquo


DaggerUgraveOgrave

DaggerAacute˙




AacuteOacutedivide

dividedivide

dividemiddotUacute


˙divideUacute

Uacutelozmacr

DaggerUgraveOgrave

DaggerAacutebdquo









Uacutelozmacrpermil

Example


Exercise 6



Exercise 7





permilpermil



52










Exercise 8


Exercise 9


New vocabulary



53





macrlaquopermil

macrlaquopermil


macrlaquolaquo




1




2





Exercise 10

True or false


New vocabulary


True or false








DaggerOacuteDagger

54










4




Dialogue 1



Dagger˙


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56





Language points







The particle et



Dagger˙





macrAcircpermil

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57






Exercise 1


(barsquointernet)

Exercise 2


Dagger˙

Dagger˙


Dagger˙


58

UgraveEgravepermil














Nouns in the plural


Exercise 3


Exceptions








laquoEgraveIgrave

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59





˙Aacutelaquo



OacuteIumlˆmacr


OacuteIcircmiddot



Plural Singular



Exercise 4



Fruit peyrot pri
















60


Dialogue 2






















(Getting up)


61



populaacuterit







restaurant

Vocabulary





sorry mitsta-er


Greek yevani(-t f)

what a shame khaval

62








AacutemiddotIuml


perhaps ulay

tuna tuacutena (f)


trout forel



for bishvil

as krsquohellip


chicken of (m)




less pakhot


Cultural note


Language points



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63



EumlAcircpermil


UgraveAcircIuml




Icirchellip


UacuteAcircUcirc



notAacuteAcirc







Exercise 6



















laquoEgraveIgrave

Egravepermil

64
















Exercise 7


Exercise 8








Exercise 9


tasty apples

a cold night




permil

permil

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65







the new house

the old buses


yesheyn




Exercise 10






66




New vocabulary


cheese gvinah (f)


butter khem-ah (f)

olives zeytim (mpl)



Cultural note







67

IumlAacuteIgrave
























Exercise 11

Role play















68










Menu

First courses

Main courses

beef

saucegrilled tuna

Vegetarian dishes

broccoli quiche

Desserts


cheese cake

choice of

Drinks

wines

juicegrapefruit(s)

indicates new words


69











manot rishonot

mayonez

manot ikariyot

bakar


manot tsimkhoniyot


manot akhronot



shtiyah

yeynot

mitseshkoliyot

Exercise 12


Can you say why


New vocabulary


actually daacutevka

mainly brsquoikar

even afiacutelu

divideOacuteOcirc



70











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71









5Family and plans









Dialogue 1
























Vocabulary

plan tokhnit (f)

your shelkha



people anashim(mpl)

live khayim







holy kadosh



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73

˙IcircEgrave

divideIumlIacute





OacuteOacutepermil





Oacute˜laquoIgrave

˜bdquolaquodivide




Language point

Possession 1











divideIuml





divideIuml



divideIuml


74






their her



Exercise 1


Example




divideIuml







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75






(with im)

Exercise 2

New vocabulary

probably kanir-eh



the fish is yours







Possession 2








Iuml


IcircDaggerpermil

76






Exercise 3




Exercise 4


New vocabulary


Example






Iuml








Iuml

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77





Exercise 5








C B A


78








Dialogue 2











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79

Vocabulary


whichwhat eyzeh



typical tipusi(-tf)



can able to yakhol





come bobo-i (f)



Cultural note


Language points


EgraveAcirc


OacuteEcircIuml



80

OacuteEcircIuml





Icirc∆

IcircIcircpermil







AacuteEgraveIuml








to put larsquosim

to come larsquovo

to run larsquoruts

Exercise 6


New vocabulary


kettle kumkum (m)

park park (m)

Example


Ugravemacr












81






middotUgravemacr















Exercise 7

New vocabulary

newspaper iton (m)

How would you say






82


















Exercise 8


permilDagger˙




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83










Exercise 9


Examples





Root











Egrave-Icirc-Iuml





84



















(shut sgurim)

Exercise 10


Example


Dialogue 3







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85















Vocabulary





husband baacute-al

children yeladim



Language points







86



divideDaggermacr


middotUacuteIuml















Example


BUT




Exercise 11



pop music

mushroom risotto






permil



middotEgrave

˙permilpermil

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87






the bus station

vanilla ice cream

strawberry jam

the town theatre

cheese cake

a bottle of Cola

housework

The family


88








father aacuteba

mother iacutema

parents horim

children yeladim



son ben


brother akh

sister akhot

cousin ben dod (m)

bat doacutedah (f)


uncle dod

aunt doacutedah



husband baacute-al

wife ishah (nashim)



brother-in-law gis

sister-in-law gisah








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89

DaggerradicDagger

DaggerOacuteDagger




˙Egravelaquo)(

middotOcirc


DaggerAacute

DaggerAacutelaquo




bdquolaquobdquo


OgravemiddotDagger


middotUacuteIuml


AacutelaquoOcirc

Aacutelaquo

sbquoEgraveOgrave

















Exercise 12



Exercise 13


Exercise 14






90























ƒEgrave


91








moshe

yonatan

sarahdorit

smadar zipi

yosi


EgravelaquoOcirc




OgraveOacuteEgrave




Dialogue 1


Uacute Aacute
























in the Superpharm


Vocabulary





like as kmo


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93

middotsbquobdquo




IcircOacutelaquo

˜EgravelaquoOcirc



early mukdam

allevery kol









more od


hat koacuteva (m)

problem be-ayah (f)


product mutsar (m)


Language points







94




IcircIuml

permilIcircIuml







Uacutelaquobdquo





Oacuteraquomacr








Other examples





















EgraveEgraveIgrave

laquo



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95



Exercise 1



New vocabulary

leather or (m)

sandal sandal (m)

sport sport (m)




Example

broccoli quiche(s)



1 clothes shop(s)

2 leather sandal(s)


4 sun hat(s)


6 evening dress(es)


96

Uacutelaquo

OgravebdquoIuml


divideOacutedivide


lozOacuteIumlpermil









batim

(plural) (sing)





Exercise 2




Example














Aacute)Aacute(

)Uacute(

Uacute Aacute



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97











Exercise 3












98








Exercise 4


New vocabulary


how ekh



picnic piknik (m)

Question words

Example





__________ __________ matay larsquovo





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99


DaggerEgraveIacute



UgraveEgraveEgrave







Cultural note








bank bank (m)


100







middot

˙Aacute bdquoIuml








Exercise 5


Exercise 6


Example


101


a

b

c

e

d

Yossirsquos list


cash mezuman (m)

meat basar (m)


stamp bul (m)

pen et (m)







Exercise 7


New vocabulary



car mekhonit (f)

khalah (f)






102

IcircOgraveUcirc


middotlozmacr

Egrave

middotraquoIuml

UacuteEuml







˜laquobdquoIgrave



AacuteIumlpermil


Oacute˙permil












Dialogue 2



103













mefursam




aval ashirhellip


known make


104














Vocabulary




size midah (f)



brown khum (-ah f)

beige bej (mf spl)



(they) cost olim G1






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105





ˆmiddotUacute

divideAacutelaquo


middotEcircrsquo


IcircOacutepermil


Egravemacr)permil(

permilAacutepermil

Oacuteraquosbquo








pair zug (m)


rich ashir(-ah f)






Useful expressions






)Oacute--Dagger(

106

ˆmacr)permil(






Ecircraquosbquo

DaggerAacutemacr)(











Exercise 8



New vocabulary

coat me-il (m)

red adom (adumah f)


Questions she-elot






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107













Language Point


The teens


Masculine Feminine












108



















The tens


MasculineFeminine

10 eacuteser

20 esrim

30 shloshim

40 arba-im

50 khamishim

60 shishim

70 shiv-im

80 shmonim

90 tish-im











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109

Uacutelozmacr









Hundreds


MasculineFeminine

100 me-ah

200 matayim

300 shlosh me-ot

400 arba me-ot

500 khamesh me-ot

600 shesh me-ot

700 shva me-ot

800 shmoneh me-ot

900 tsha me-ot

Thousands


MasculineFeminine

1000 eacutelef

2000 alpaacuteyim


4000 arba-at alafim


6000 sheshet alafim

7000 shiv-at alafim

8000 shmonat alafim

9000 tish-at alafim

10000 aseret alafim



1000000 milyon



OacuteDaggerlaquo

110

OacuteDaggerpermil









DaggerIumlUcirc













Exercise 9









Dialogue 3

Exercise 10


New vocabulary

to help la-azor G1


hair se-ar(f)


soap sabon(m)

paste mishkhah(f)


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111



lozUacutemacr




side tsad(f)

shampoo shampo(m)




112

ˆbdquo



















Dialogue 1



























114









Vocabulary


busy asuk(-ah f)


reason sibah (f)



article ma-amar (m)

towards likrat

end sof (m)




why laacutemah









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115



DaggerlaquoIacute





IumlDagger˙

OgravelaquoUcirc




IumlOacutepermil




middot˙ 8

˜dividepermil


˘DaggerIumlpermil










Language points

Verb Group 2











Oacute



116




middotIcircIumlIuml



























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117


















Exercise 1

How would you say


Exercise 2


New vocabulary


Exampleincorrect



macrIcircmiddot



118


IumlIumlIuml


Iumldivide˜divide




correct

correct














Dagger˙



Dagger˙

Dagger˙


119











Examples



Exercise 3


Example








OacuteEgraveIgrave

EgraveEgraveIgrave




120









Exercise 4











Exercise 5











121




Dialogue 2






osah

Icircbdquo

122

















you doing


Vocabulary







Galilee galil


to be lirsquohiyot

just merely stam

thing davar (m)

tour trip tiyul (m)

thus so im kakh



fun kef (m)

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123



IcircbdquoEgrave


Ugrave˜

DaggerÎuml

sbquoIumlEgraveIuml



Ograve˙Igrave

bdquomiddotmacr

EumlEgraveraquoIuml




IcircEgraveUcirc

Language points





1st rishon(-ahf)

2nd sheni(shniyah)

3rd shlishi(-t)

4th revi-i(-t)

5th khamishi(-t)

6th shishi(-t)

7th shvi-i(-t)

8th shmini(-t)

9th tshi-i(-t)

10th asiri(-t)


is Sunday



EgravelaquoIgrave

EgraveEgrave

Daggerdivide

124

















Saturday yom shabat

Sabbath shabat

Exercise 6





brsquomabat rishon

khush shishi

hizdamnut shniyah

gaacuteyis khamishi



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125








dividemiddot˙






Comparing

Equivalence


















ƒ + permil = ƒ




126








Exercise 7

New vocabulary











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127

















IcircraquoIumlraquo

IcircIuml



IcircIuml





IcircIuml

128







Exercise 8


New vocabulary




silk meacuteshi (m)




ready mukhan(-ah f)






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129


Aacute˙raquopermil


OacutedivideEgrave





















Exercise 9

When are you free


New vocabulary

feel(s) margish G2

until ad

meeting pgishah (f)

visit bikur (m)





130


Uacutebdquo


middotEgraveraquo





131






0002

































Dialogue 1















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133























AN ELDERLY




Vocabulary







134










road kvish (m)

fast mahir(-ah f)




if im




minute dakah (f)


stop(s) otser G1






Exercise 1




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135

bdquomacrIacute





laquoOgraveUacute)(



DaggerIgrave




bdquopermil











Language points

Verb Group 3 hif-il
















Egrave






notUacuteIuml


136












Exercise 2














137






138









hour sha-ah (f)

minute dakah (f)

second shniyah (f)



past akharey

to before lifney

midnight khatsot



Useful expressions







Exercise 3



450 555 am 235 pm 716 pm 630 132 1158 pm


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139


divideUacutepermil

bdquopermil


macrsbquoUacute



IumlUgraveEgrave

Aacuteˆlaquo









140

Exercise 4









Exercise 5


Exercise 6


Example

Exercise 7




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141











(a lift tremp)

Dialogue 2








142





















Vocabulary



direction kivun (m)









immediately miyad




143





OacutedivideIgrave


macrÊgraveUcirc


˜laquoOacutepermil



OacuteEgravebdquo


Egravedividemacr


turn(s) poneh G1


kiosk kyosk (m)


Language points

Superlatives















144








Exercise 8


New vocabulary










permil

permil


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145


Icircbdquo

Icircbdquopermil














Exercise 9


Exercise 10


OacuteUgravepermil

Ûacutebdquopermil







146







1

2

3

4


New vocabulary


junction tsomet (f)




market shuk (m)

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147


ˆlaquoOacute˙




divideraquo





Dialogue 3



148





















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149














Vocabulary

November november

special speshel

flight tisah (f)



payment tashlum (m)

full male(mle-ah f)

September september


annual shnati(-t f)


loan halva-ah (f)

Language point




IumlIumlIcirc







˙˘IumlraquoIgrave




divideEgrave)(



150









truck masa-it (f)




horse sus (m)

Exercise 11


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151










dividemacrraquo


OgraveEgravepermil

OgraveraquoOgrave








Cultural note





elul av tamuz




Autumn stav




Ograve˙EgraveAcirc

dividemiddot˙





Daggerbdquomacr

152








Winter khoacuteref




laquo


AacutelaquoUcirc


IumlraquoIumlmiddot





153


Spring aviv








˙laquopermil

UgraveOgraveAacute


˜Egraveı

Oacuteˆpermil



Ogravebdquomacr

UgraveOgraveAacute




154






Exercise 12


Verbs


1 eat

2 drink ________

3 sit ________

4 invite ________

5 light ________

6 read ________

7 wear ________



middot

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155




156










9Home Sweet Home



Dialogue 1




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Vocabulary




with im





kitchen mitbakh (m)

158







UgraveUacuteIgrave


bdquoEgravepermil

UacuteIgrave







garden ginah (f)











quite enough day



Cultural note




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159


sbquoEgravepermil





Icircdividehellip


DaggerEgraveIacute




bdquoEgrave





Language point






Group 1





160




gdalten gadalt

gadlu gadal

gadlu gadlah














EgraveAcirc




macr--permil

permil


161











Group 2






shilmu shilem

shilmah





Exercise 1


Group 1




Oacute

162















Group 2


Exercise 2


New vocabulary


wallet arnak (m)


yesterday etmol

˙Egraveraquo

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163








Daggermacr












Exercise 3


New vocabulary





True or False







164



Oacutelaquopermil









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165



rsquo lsquo



rsquo lsquo

New vocabulary

centre merkaz (m)







166

middotEgrave sbquo


rsquo lsquo






Example



Exercise 5



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167




















Vocabulary

tell(s) mesaperet

sea yam (m)

huge anaki(-t f)





thatrsquos it zehu






exit yetsi-ah (f)

entrance knisah (f)


well nu

Exercise 6


168






EgraveIgrave

UacuteEgrave)(

laquoUcirc


middotpermil


Ecircpermilraquo

permilbdquomacr)(

DaggerOacuteIgrave


˜ˆ˙

bdquoIuml




raquo

Dialogue 2



dividemiddot˙

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169






















170











Vocabulary







Oacute˙bdquomiddot







salt melakh (m)

cook tabakh (m)










solve(s) poter G1



Language points







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171


OacuteIumlAacute

EumlmiddotAacute


Oacutedivide˜


























IumlDaggerIuml






172







Other examples




Exercise 7


Example


Exercise 8


Example







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173












occupation isuk (m)

the ay group




174













the eet group




the ananit group



the a-aa-it group

cook tabakh(-it f)


Exercise 9



Example

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175











Exercise 10




Exercise 11









sbquoOcirc

176



10Sport andculture




Dialogue 1














Vocabulary










to enjoy mevalim G2

hall ulam (m)



choir mak-helah (f)


club khug (m)

drama drama (f)

178



























Aacuteraquosbquo

bdquoOacutepermil


dance rikud (m)



Iraq irak

dream khalom (m)




hope tikvah (f)


Language points








himshiacutekhah



permilOacute



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179

Êgraveraquo


divideOacuteUacute





















heviacutenu hevin

heviacutenah

Exercise 1


Example


Verbal nouns








180

permilmiddotEgrave

permilmiddot

permilmiddot



permilmiddotraquo

permilmiddotIgrave

permilmiddotOcirc


AB





















UgraveUacuteIuml


macr--bdquo


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181









Exercise 2


Exercise 3



Example


Exercise 4







182






Exercise 5



3 art omanut

New vocabulary

nation folk am (m)




DaggerOacuteraquo




183


UacuteIgrave












Examples



I had haya li












permil


184



as an auxiliary




















ˆmacrEgraveIacute





185






Exercise 7


New vocabulary

band lahakah (f)








Exercise 8


permilEgravepermil

186

Iumlpermil˜permil




















Exercise 9


Example



Dialogue 2









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

187











permilIcirc˙


188



















Vocabulary





















brought hevi G3



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

189


ÎumlmiddotOcirc






















Cultural note



Exercise 10






Exercise 11






Exercise 12




˜middotIumlpermil


190

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

191

Language point










hityashvu hityashev

hityashvah



Example





permil˙-




permil˙













Example




to cross over








Exercise 13




bdquo˙






192






Example













11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

193








194























Vocabulary




macr


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195

Egravemacr)permil(

AacutelaquoUcirc

IcircUgravemacr


IcircOacutepermil






ÛgravelaquoEgrave

lozmacrEgravebdquo



divideradiclaquo







raquo )--Ocirc(








196


divideEgravepermil

Exercise 14


Language point

Use of conjunctions





Exercise 15




Example


divide





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197






198

















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211








Dialogue 1















Vocabulary

traffic tnu-ah (f)



enters nikhnas


oil sheacutemen (m)



picture tmunah (f)

float tsaf G1

read(s) kore G1





happened karah G1


200











(after a break)


˙raquoUacutepermil



IcircOgrave


divideOacuteOcirc



˙Oacuteraquopermil



DaggerAacutemacr








help ezrah (f)





Language points

lsquoTo happenrsquo

















˜--permil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

201



UacuteEcircpermil


Oacute˙)permil(







Exercise 1


The first is






202

Daggerhellip

hellip

hellipEgrave

Egravehellip

hellip

hellip

hellipraquo

Egravehellipraquo

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo


permilIgrave)Ocirc(

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203





nitrakets etrakhets








namshikh amshikh































204


nevakesh avakesh





Exercise 2

Complete the table

Exercise 3


Example
































Dialogue 2





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205




















Vocabulary


guilty ashem(-ah f)

engine mano-a (m)


stand(s) omed G1



miracle nes (m)








cover mikhseh (m)





empty reyk(-ah f)



206



OacutelaquoUacute



Icircmiddotloz


Ograve









Egrave˜macrmacr


˙IcircUcirc


macrEgrave)permil(



Language points

Future of Group 1



The ef-ol pattern


nivdok evdok









IumlUacutelozlaquo







UgraveUacuteIuml

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207









The ef-al pattern


nishma eshma







Deviations




(okhal)


(ered)(elekh)

UgraverdquoEgrave

Egrave permil

UgraverdquoDagger

Dagger








208















Last letter (er-eh)

(ertseh)(eftakh)

















Iumlrdquopermil

permil Aacute

UacuterdquoAcirc

Acirc Egrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

209







Exercise 4

How do you say


2 He will remember

3 We will come



















210






Exercise 5









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

211







Example


Exercise 6


New vocabulary


cat khatul (m)




rubbish ashpah (f)



212


Aacute˙raquoIuml















Exercise 7





4 Bring her flowers






Exercise 8


Dialogue 3


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213







Vocabulary





region eyzor (m)



between beyn



heat khom (m)


mad meshuga(-tf)


many hamon (adverb)

214
















˙AacuteEcircEgrave

dividemacrmiddot





middotEgraveOcirc



AacutelaquoIgrave

Uacuteˆmiddot





law khok (m)




danger sakanah (f)





Language points


tihyu tihyi tihyeh

yihyu tihyeh yihyeh










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215


Aacutelaquo




OgraveIcircpermil













216



The weather



New vocabulary

cloud(s) anan (m)

cloudy me-unan

rainy gashum









dry yavesh


UacuteOcirc








macrraquoAacute




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217




Exercise 9



Exercise 10


Exercise 11




middot6

DaggerIgrave

6middot














(Promenade)





5divideIumlsbquo

6divideOacutedivide









Dialogue 1




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219





















(to Peter)

Vocabulary














enter nikhnas

pain ache ke-ev (m)

head rosh (m)



nausea bekhilah (f)

bed mitah (f)



instead of bimkom


220

DaggerAacutelaquo


divideIumlEuml

IcircIumlmiddot


Egrave)permil(




middotAacuteraquoı




IcircOgrave

IcircDaggermiddot

Daggerdivide


middotEumlOcirc






Cultural note


Language points

Sign language





Mutar and asur











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221




Exercise 1



Exercise 2



DaggerOgraveraquo


222





The imperative



a Group 1








to run

to get up

to move


UgraveUacuteIuml

˙

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223







b Group 2


saper sapri sapru


c Group 3




d Group 4





Exercise 3











224







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

225

Letrsquos go



(To a girl)


Exercise 4

How would you say









+ pronoun endings




Iuml






middot-laquo-Dagger







body guf (m)

head rosh (m)

back gav(m)





nose af (m)


throat garon(m)


mouth peh (m)


blood dam(m)


IcircDaggermiddot

226


sbquoraquoUcirc

Daggerdivide

sbquomiddot





DaggerUcirc


sbquolaquoOcirc


Ugravepermil







bdquoIgrave

Exercise 5


New vocabulary



fever khom (m)



flu shapa-at (f)


Exercise 6



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227



AacutelaquoIgrave



divideUgraveUacute












New vocabulary



tablet kadour (m)

against neacuteged

Exercise 7








-Ugrave-Iuml


UgraveUacuteIuml

228



Icircbdquoraquo

sbquobdquo









Dialogue 2


Vocabulary









UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml


UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

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229
























OacuteOacuteraquo









Language points

Verb Group 5 nif-al


Example





Example









UgraveUacuteIuml



230






middot˜Iumlraquo


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231








The past tense





The future tense

nikanes ekanes





IcircOgrave



UgraveUacuteIuml



UgraveUacuteIuml


















232

Exercise 8


Exercise 9



New vocabulary









UgraveUacuteIuml










ÔacuteDagger






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233




Expressing regret


Example






UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml













Exercise 10









Dialogue 3


234









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

235



















236

Vocabulary




joke bdikhah (f)

serve(s) magish



fly zvuv (m)





spoon kaf (f)


Exercise 11


New vocabulary






UgraveUacuteIuml














IcircUcirc












237








Dialogue 1



Iuml



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

239






















dividelaquopermil




Vocabulary






rest menukhah (f)



many lots of harbeh

believers ma-aminim

religion dat (f)

Judaism yahadut (f)


Islam islam (m)






to what lrsquomah

belief emunah (f)



light or


song poem shir (m)


240

middotUacuteIuml)(

bdquoEgrave)permil(



macrmiddot






bdquo


macrraquo







IumlOacutepermil


dividelaquopermil


Daggerlaquo

Ecircpermilmiddot

divideEgrave

Aacutelaquodivide˙

Language points




























11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

241



Exercise 1




it is customary

Exercise 2


Example


New vocabulary




242





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

243

Exercise 3



Exercise 4


New vocabulary


glass zkhukhit (f)


Exercise 5






Oacutepermilsbquo

-permil-sbquo

Oacutelaquopermil












Colours tseva-im

red adom adumah

green yarok yerukah

orange katom ktumah

pink varod vrudah

lilac segol sgulah



white lavan levanah


brown khum khumah

Exercise 6




Ecircpermilhellip

244












Example


Exercise 7


New vocabulary




sad atsuv(-ah f)



bad ra (ra-ah f)



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

245






(stars kokhavim)

(stripe pas)

˜Daggerpermil

Ûacutemacr

Uacuteˆmiddot




macrUacute)permil(





Adverbs





brsquoofen (m)

or brsquotsurah (f)




middot

middotˆraquopermil




246









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

247

Exercise 8


in jest

seriously

happily

sadly

easily


carefully

decisively

fast

slowly

with interest

inwith modesty

Exercise 9


New vocabulary

album albom (m)



girl bakhurah (f)







middot˜Iumlraquo



middotÂacutelaquo





Oacuteˆmiddot


Dialogue 2


248
























(To Ayeacutelet)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

249


Vocabulary





doubt safek (m)









agree maskim







UgraveUacuteIuml

















OgraveUgrave

permilDaggerIgrave










Exercise 10


Example


Language points





permilDaggerIgrave


250












Exercise 11








Examples





Exercise 12


Example








˜macr IumlIacute


Iuml

permilDaggerIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

251


(not)

(not yet)

(no longer)

(never)

Exercise 13






252









UacuteEgraveIgrave

laquoAacute

Eumllaquomiddot

dividemiddotmacr

OacuteDaggerOgrave

IumlDagger macr

˜macr

˜˘permil

IumlDagger




IumlEgrave

IumlIcircIgrave

IumlpermilIgrave

Iumlraquo


IumlIacute






New vocabulary

tower migdal (m)






wall kir (m)




avenue sderah (f)

mosque misgad (m)

last akharon(-ah f)

cross tslav (m)

inside brsquotokh



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

253







˜Egrave


OacuteAacute˜macr


lozbdquomacrpermil



Îumlmiddot

middot˙laquoIacute

˜middotmacr













Exercise 14











254













(Isaiah 565)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

255

Exercise 15



































256

Exercise 16

Biblical verses






(Isaiah 24 yishayah

(Psalm 1371 tehilim




˙rdquoIacute









)permilIuml Dagger9








11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

257




Dialogue 1










DaggerEgraveOcirc



Vocabulary

dial khayeg




mistake ta-ut (f)






your wife ishtekha


Language points

+ pronoun endings





DaggerEgraveOcirc

DaggerEgraveOcirc



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

259













EumlUacuteraquo


middot˜dividemacr


permil˜divide








Exercise 1











DaggerEgraveOcirc


260








11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

261








Here are a few more




eynay da-ati



eynav da-ato








permil







UacuteEgraveEgrave








bdquoUacute

bdquoUacuteEgrave

bdquoUacuteIacute

bdquoUacuteIacute

bdquoUacutelaquo

bdquoUacutepermil

bdquoUacuteraquo



Exercise 2


New vocabulary

bride kalah (f)


Dialogue 2



262

IcircIumlpermil











New vocabulary





luggage mit-an (m)




03 655 4321



(positions amadot)




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

263

















Daggerlaquolaquo







264


Exercise 3

Reading passages







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

265










266

Exercise 4



Exercise 5


230 430 630 830















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

267


Important people



Vocabulary





choice brerah (f)






president nasi


UgraveUacuteIuml









Õgrave

lozmacr










268


Exercise 6


















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

269




270







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

271


Key to exercises

Unit 1

Exercise 2

d = ts = v =

Exercise 3

Bran Flakes

Exercise 4


Exercise 5


middotˆbdquo






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

273

Exercise 6

k = 311 t = 24 s = 812 v = 16 kh = 79silent = 510

Exercise 7

1 3 6 8 92 8 9 10

Exercise 8

1 1 3 7 10 11

Exercise 9


Exercise 10


Exercise 11


Exercise14


Exercise 15


Exercise 16


274

Exercise 17

1

2

Unit 2

Exercise 1

Exercise 2














11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

275

Exercise 4


Exercise 5



Exercise 6



Exercise 7

Exercise 8
















276




Exercise 9







Exercise 10

Exercise 11

monit (f)

khaverah (f)

eacuterev (m)

pitseriacuteyah (f)

malon (m)

teatron (m)

oacutetobus (m)

kafiteacuteryah (f)

belgiyah (f)

muzeon (m)

amsterdam (f)

UgraveEgravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

permil

Dagger

middot

bdquo

Acirc

sbquo

OacutelaquoEgrave


Uacutemacrmiddot












11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

277

Exercise 12

Exercise 13


eyfoh harsquomisrad




Exercise 14















278

Unit 3

Exercise 1











Exercise 2















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

279

Exercise 3





Exercise 4

Exercise 5





Exercise 6

















280

Exercise 7

= 3 + 2= 4 + 6 = 1 + 8= 0 + 5

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

1




2

What are you doing




AacuteOacutedivide

Uacutelozmacr

˙divideUacute

AacuteOacutedivide












(oseh)

(osah)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

281

Exercise 10

1 True

2 True



5 True


Unit 4

Exercise 1

Exercise 2



















282

Translation









Exercise 3

Exercise 4


AacuteÊgraveIuml

OacuteIumlˆmacr



OacuteIcircmiddot



˙Aacutepermil



Aacuteraquo









˙Aacutelaquo




Egrave˜laquo






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

283

Exercise 5


Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Our suggestions


UgraveEgravelaquo
























284

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 12

Transliteration





Translation







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

285




Unit 5

Exercise 1

Exercise 2



Exercise 4









286

Exercise 5






Exercise 6


Exercise 7





Exercise 8

Exercise 9

(shelakh shelkha)


















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

287

(lakh)

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 13

adjectives

(male) people

places

Exercise 14






















288



Unit 6

Exercise 1







Exercise 2

Plural Singular


















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

289

Exercise 3





Exercise 4







Exercise 5


















290

(coffee shop )


Exercise 6

Exercise 7







Exercise 8




















291

Exercise 9








Exercise 10






45678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211


















292









Unit 7

Exercise 1

Exercise 2






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

293






Exercise 3







Exercise 4












294

Exercise 5

Exercise 6



a fifth column

Exercise 7






Exercise 8






















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

295



Exercise 9



















296








Unit 8

Exercise 1

Exercise 2




Exercise 3









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

297

Exercise 4a





Exercise 4b

Exercise 5


Exercise 6

Exercise 7











DaggerAacute˙









1OacuteIcircEgrave


298




Exercise 8






Exercise 9


Exercise 10












1

2

3

4








Exercise 11

(in Venice)

Exercise 12

2 drink shotim G1

3 sit yoshvim G1


5 light madlikim G3

6 read kor-im G1

7 wear lovshim G1









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

299









300

Unit 9


Exercise 1




Exercise 2



















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

301

Exercise 3


Exercise 4




Exercise 5


Exercise 6















Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9








302









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

303

Exercise 10






writer soferet (f)

Unit 10

Exercise 1







Exercise 2


Exercise 3






















Exercise 4


Exercise 5


landscapes






304













11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

305



Exercise 6






Exercise 7










Exercise 8



Exercise 9

Exercise 10


Exercise 11


Exercise 12

Masculine

Feminine

Opposites

306



dividemacrraquo

OacuteAacutemacr













Exercise 13

Exercise 15









Unit 11

Exercise 1












11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

307














baacuteta mitsta-er



mit-aniyeacutenet

308

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4


Exercise 5

















yavi

yekabel

yetaken

yitlabesh

yitstarekh

avi

akabel

ataken

etlabesh

etstarekh

(lefaneacuteynu)






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

309








Exercise 6


Translation







Exercise 7

Exercise 8





Exercise 9

Exercise 10

310




















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

311

Exercise 11

Unit 12

Exercise 1





Exercise 2






OgraveIcircpermil













Language point






Exercise 3

1 tir-i ndash re-i

2 taruts ndash ruts





7 tivdok ndash bdok

8 temale ndash male

312





















Exercise 4

Exercise 5


Exercise 6

only 1 6 7









Exercise 7

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

313












(nafaacutelti)

Exercise 8



yislakh

yigamer yidalku

yibadku






Exercise 9

314















Exercise 10














11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

315


Exercise 11

Unit 13

Exercise 1



zeh nahug

Exercise 2




dressed in white



Exercise 3



driving nehigah



a custom minhag

316










permilsbquo





Oacutepermilsbquo


Exercise 4

Exercise 5






Exercise 6


317












Egravelaquo






(Italian)


Exercise 7







Exercise 8

in jest

seriously

happily

sadly

easily


carefully

decisively

fast

slowly

with interest

with modesty

318




birsquotskhok

birsquortsinut

brsquosimkhah

brsquoetsev

brsquokalut

brsquokoshi

birsquozhirut

brsquohekhletiyut

birsquomhirut

bersquoitiyut

bersquoinyan

birsquotsniyut

middotÂacutelaquo




middot˜Iumlraquo








Exercise 9








Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 12





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

319
















Exercise 13













320




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

321




Exercise 14







6 Yad Varsquoshem

7 Paragraph



Exercise 15


Exercise 16


et tsiyon



Acirc









Unit 14

Exercise 1






Exercise 2

Dialogue 2

322











Exercise 3







2 Puppaccino Bar




d In Australia






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

323



1234 556 30






Exercise 4



Exercise 5




324

Exercise 6








11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

325

Appendix I


Dialogue 1









Dialogue 2












11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

327





Unit 11

Dialogue 1











328

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

329


Dialogue 2






mah hu yatsiacute-a







Dialogue 3







Unit 12

Dialogue 1







330

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

331






Dialogue 2










Dialogue 3


te-avon





Unit 13

Dialogue 1






332





Dialogue 2









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

333


yerushalayim








334

Unit 14

Dialogue 1


Dialogue 2











11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

335

336












Appendix II


Sentence structure

The noun sentence


Questions








permilDaggerIgrave



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

338


Negation



Words such as







Parts of speech

Articles


girlfriend khaverah



permil



IumlDagger









Nouns












Personal pronouns


OacuteEgraveIgrave


-EgraveEgraveIgrave




-laquo-EgraveIgrave




˙permil

permil11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

339

I (mf)

you (m sing)

you (f sing)

he

she

we (mf)

you (mfpl)

they (mfpl)



Relative pronouns




Demonstratives

Pronouns








340

ani

atah

at

hu

hi

anaacutekhnu

atem(n)

hem(n)

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo


permilIgrave)Ocirc(













Adjectives




-laquo-EgraveIgrave

Egravepermil






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

341









342










Adverbs











permil

permil





UgraveUacuteIgrave

DaggerEcirc



OacuteAacutemacr

divideIgrave



IumlUgraveEgrave


divideraquomiddot

Ugravepermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

343



quantity


Numbers (cardinal)









permil

UgraveAacutelaquo

Egravelaquomacr



˜ˆ˙

OacuteUacuteEuml

IcircOacutepermil






Conjunctions



Boris and Sonya





Prepositions




OacuteIumlradic


dividehellip


Acirchellip


344

DaggermiddotIuml











The particle et







Dagger˙

Dagger˙Dagger˙

Dagger˙





2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

345






Examples



Verbs



346





Appendix III

348























11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

349



















350











ndash gizrat



Dagger˙

Iumlpermil


Iuml









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

351


















352























11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211



















354



















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211


disparage




















356



















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211



















358





















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211





















360




















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211





















362





















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211





















364





















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211


be in need of




















366





















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211





















368





















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211





















370







to be able to

to give







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211






372







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

373




374










11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

375



a pity



khaval (m)



AacutemiddotIuml

376




377







378







379









380


mah pit-om










productearlyteacher

381




382




383







384








385




yellownoon







386




387












388




389







Index



age 121




colours 244

comparing 126ndash7






generalizing 98




permil


Dagger˙


Iuml















regret 233


superlatives 144




divide

permilDaggerIgrave

divide

DaggerOgraveraquo


DaggerUgravemacr




391





) 350

weather 216


word stress 31


sbquoEcirclaquo


UgraveUacuteIuml


UgraveUacuteIuml



UgraveUacuteIuml




392

Book Cover

Half-Title

Title

Copyright

Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction



3 Can We Meet


5 Family and Plans




9 Home Sweet Home



12 At the Doctors



Key to Exercises



Appendix III


Index



Albanian Amharic



Basque Breton


CzechDanish




IndonesianItalian



Panjabi Persian



Swedish Tamil Thai


Vietnamese Welsh



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

Colloquial



London and New York












Contents


Introduction 1



3 39Can we meet








11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211











v






vi





Acknowledgements




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

Introduction

About this book





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211





Ugravepermilbdquo

Iuml

2

Phoenician Roman

AS










11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

3







4






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

5






Language points


Exercises



6

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

7

Verbs


Tapes and CDs







Shalom







AcircEgrave





The Aleph Bet




middot

Iumlmacr

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

9





big b betvan v vet

goat g gimel

door d daled

hello h hey

van v vav

zip z zayin

Loch kh khet

tail t tet

yo-yo y yod


lightning l lamed

memo m mem

noodle n nun

sun s samekh


pot p peyfun f fey

nuts ts tsadi

kick k kof

run r reysh

shoe sh shin

sing s sin

tail t tav



10

Euml

Egrave

ƒIcircIacute

Iuml

OacuteIgrave

Ocirc

Ograve

Uacute

notUgraveUcirc

ˆı

˜

macr

divide

loz

˙

Dagger

radicmiddot

sbquo

bdquo

permil

Acirc

Ecirc

Aacute











melekh (king)

mayim (water)

binyan (building)

anaf (branch)

ets (tree)


AcircOcirc

Igrave

ˆ)ı(Uacuteı






lozdivide




middotIcircUgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

11






Borrowed consonants


Georgelegion gi

beigelesion si

Charlesmatch ch

Exercise 1


123

ˆrsquo

Ecircrsquo

sbquorsquo

permil


˙

12


Exercise 2


dtsv





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

13






glass a kamats

patakh

men e tseyrey

segol

hit i khirik

dog o kholam

kholam male

put u shuruk

kubuts


or silent

Exercise 3



14

OtildeŒ

œ

laquo

raquo

lsaquo

Ÿ

fifiOacuteı

AtildenotfiAacute






divideraquoraquo

lsaquomiddotraquoı

ŸdivideAcircDagger

fiAtilde














11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

15

curren frasl fl






The letter yod


tie ay matay

boy oy oy

whey ey beytsah

Writing Hebrew





Egrave


raquolaquoAcirc

EgraveAcirc

16


17

Exercise 4




1 dr

2 kht

3 tsayin

4 khh

5 v or bkh or k

Exercise 5


Example n=3

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


macrbdquo

18





Uacutemacrmiddot






Exercise 6


k = 3 11 t = ___ ___ s = ___ ___

v = ___ ___ kh = ___ ___ silent = ___ ___

12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1




Exercise 7



6 5 4 3 2 1

12 11 10 9 8 7




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

19




Exercise 8



12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1




Exercise 9


Exercise 10


Exercise 11





20


Exercise 12


Vocabulary but aval

luck mazal

what mah

yes ken

who mi

she hi

nonot lo

here poh

good tov

he hu

nothing klum

Exercise 13





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

21

DaggermiddotIuml

OacuteEcircIuml

Oacutepermil

IcircOcirc

OacuteEgrave

permilEgraveDagger

IumlDagger

Ugravepermil

Eumllaquomiddot

permilraquoDagger





Exercise 14








raquolaquoEgrave

˜Ugravepermil

22


12345

b

c d e

a

Exercise 16


Exercise 17




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

23



a

c

b

d

e






Dialogue 1



Acircpermil















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

25

Vocabulary

driver nehag

taxi monit


you atah

Mr mar


to lrsquo


now akhshav


in brsquo


from mirsquo


I (am) ani


Cultural note

Greetings






26

permilsbquo

OacutelaquoEgrave


Dagger˙permil

Oacutemacr


Iumlhellip




radichellip


Oacutehellip


DaggerEgrave









Language points

The noun sentence



Exercise 1


Questions




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

27





Negation




Exercise 2






Exercise 3


radicOacuteIuml



28

Exercise 4


Exercise 5




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

29
























Vocabulary




30






Cultural note



Language points

Personal pronouns


I ani (mf)

you atah (m)

you at (f)

he hu

she hi


you atem (m pl)

you aten (f pl)

they hem (m pl)

they hen (f pl)


middotDaggermacrı

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

31

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo

Dagger˙Igrave

Dagger˙Ocirc

permilIgrave

permilOcirc




girlfriend khaverah








Exercise 6




Exercise 7


Acircpermil



permilAcirc

Acirc

permil



permil

permil

32






Exercise 8



Example


radic





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

33






Exercise 9


eskimo=Eskimo

Noun gender





Exercise 10







˙permil







34

Exercise 11


Dialogue 3



poh lrsquoasakim



on(for) business


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

35








Vocabulary

this zeh (m)


what mah

does oseh

exactly brsquodiyuk

visits mevaker




Language Point



Exercise 12



street rekhov (m)







36

Ecircpermil


Oacutepermil



Oacutemiddot˜macr







middotEgrave

macrIcircmiddot˙

office misrad (m)

shop khanut (f)


bus oacutetobus (m)

town ir (f)


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

37

Oacutelozmacrbdquo

Aacuteraquo

Aacutebdquomacr


UacuteEgrave

Exercise 13







Exercise 14


(They shake hands)


IcirclaquoOcirc

38









3Can we meet




Dialogue 1


divide


permilradic Iuml

















Vocabulary

(he) speaks medaber



already kvar

when matay





excellent metsuyan

so then az

great yoacutefi

40




Icircmiddotmacr

Oacute˙Egrave






DaggerEcirc


Language points

How are you













Iumlradicpermil



permilOacute




permil




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

41

and

Some time words




today harsquoyom




Exercise 1


Example



permildividepermil







42








(all kol)






Example




to see lirsquorot





Iumlmiddot˜macr



IumlDaggerlaquo


Iuml






2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

43

Exercise 2


New vocabulary


fax faks (m)


Dialogue 2


middotdivide˜Euml

UgraveOgrave

OgraveEuml

BA














44








Vocabulary


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

45

divideraquomiddot

Icirclaquomiddot˙

Icirclaquomiddot

ˆlaquobdquo

middotIumlEgrave


dividehellip






macrAacutelaquo

˙Aacutepermil

OacuteDaggerbdquo

˜macrlaquomiddot

Language points

Tsarikh


















dividehellip

dividehellip


IumlDagger




ˆmacrEgraveIacute

46














divide

Daggerdividemacr

dividehellip11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

47


the root letters














Exercise 3













Iuml

48







Exercise 4


Exercise 5


1

2

3











49






1

2

3

4

Dialogue 3













50










Vocabulary

sir adoni


(he) sees ro-eh


opposite mul

to buy lirsquoknot

ticket kartis (m)

Language points




1 akhat ekhad


3 shalosh shloshah

4 aacuterba arba-ah

5 khamesh khamishah

6 shesh shishah







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

51




divideIgrave

OacuteraquoIuml

Iumllaquo


DaggerUgraveOgrave

DaggerAacute˙




AacuteOacutedivide

dividedivide

dividemiddotUacute


˙divideUacute

Uacutelozmacr

DaggerUgraveOgrave

DaggerAacutebdquo









Uacutelozmacrpermil

Example


Exercise 6



Exercise 7





permilpermil



52










Exercise 8


Exercise 9


New vocabulary



53





macrlaquopermil

macrlaquopermil


macrlaquolaquo




1




2





Exercise 10

True or false


New vocabulary


True or false








DaggerOacuteDagger

54










4




Dialogue 1



Dagger˙


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211


















56





Language points







The particle et



Dagger˙





macrAcircpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

57






Exercise 1


(barsquointernet)

Exercise 2


Dagger˙

Dagger˙


Dagger˙


58

UgraveEgravepermil














Nouns in the plural


Exercise 3


Exceptions








laquoEgraveIgrave

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

59





˙Aacutelaquo



OacuteIumlˆmacr


OacuteIcircmiddot



Plural Singular



Exercise 4



Fruit peyrot pri
















60


Dialogue 2






















(Getting up)


61



populaacuterit







restaurant

Vocabulary





sorry mitsta-er


Greek yevani(-t f)

what a shame khaval

62








AacutemiddotIuml


perhaps ulay

tuna tuacutena (f)


trout forel



for bishvil

as krsquohellip


chicken of (m)




less pakhot


Cultural note


Language points



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

63



EumlAcircpermil


UgraveAcircIuml




Icirchellip


UacuteAcircUcirc



notAacuteAcirc







Exercise 6



















laquoEgraveIgrave

Egravepermil

64
















Exercise 7


Exercise 8








Exercise 9


tasty apples

a cold night




permil

permil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

65







the new house

the old buses


yesheyn




Exercise 10






66




New vocabulary


cheese gvinah (f)


butter khem-ah (f)

olives zeytim (mpl)



Cultural note







67

IumlAacuteIgrave
























Exercise 11

Role play















68










Menu

First courses

Main courses

beef

saucegrilled tuna

Vegetarian dishes

broccoli quiche

Desserts


cheese cake

choice of

Drinks

wines

juicegrapefruit(s)

indicates new words


69











manot rishonot

mayonez

manot ikariyot

bakar


manot tsimkhoniyot


manot akhronot



shtiyah

yeynot

mitseshkoliyot

Exercise 12


Can you say why


New vocabulary


actually daacutevka

mainly brsquoikar

even afiacutelu

divideOacuteOcirc



70











11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

71









5Family and plans









Dialogue 1
























Vocabulary

plan tokhnit (f)

your shelkha



people anashim(mpl)

live khayim







holy kadosh



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

73

˙IcircEgrave

divideIumlIacute





OacuteOacutepermil





Oacute˜laquoIgrave

˜bdquolaquodivide




Language point

Possession 1











divideIuml





divideIuml



divideIuml


74






their her



Exercise 1


Example




divideIuml







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

75






(with im)

Exercise 2

New vocabulary

probably kanir-eh



the fish is yours







Possession 2








Iuml


IcircDaggerpermil

76






Exercise 3




Exercise 4


New vocabulary


Example






Iuml








Iuml

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

77





Exercise 5








C B A


78








Dialogue 2











11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211









79

Vocabulary


whichwhat eyzeh



typical tipusi(-tf)



can able to yakhol





come bobo-i (f)



Cultural note


Language points


EgraveAcirc


OacuteEcircIuml



80

OacuteEcircIuml





Icirc∆

IcircIcircpermil







AacuteEgraveIuml








to put larsquosim

to come larsquovo

to run larsquoruts

Exercise 6


New vocabulary


kettle kumkum (m)

park park (m)

Example


Ugravemacr












81






middotUgravemacr















Exercise 7

New vocabulary

newspaper iton (m)

How would you say






82


















Exercise 8


permilDagger˙




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

83










Exercise 9


Examples





Root











Egrave-Icirc-Iuml





84



















(shut sgurim)

Exercise 10


Example


Dialogue 3







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

85















Vocabulary





husband baacute-al

children yeladim



Language points







86



divideDaggermacr


middotUacuteIuml















Example


BUT




Exercise 11



pop music

mushroom risotto






permil



middotEgrave

˙permilpermil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

87






the bus station

vanilla ice cream

strawberry jam

the town theatre

cheese cake

a bottle of Cola

housework

The family


88








father aacuteba

mother iacutema

parents horim

children yeladim



son ben


brother akh

sister akhot

cousin ben dod (m)

bat doacutedah (f)


uncle dod

aunt doacutedah



husband baacute-al

wife ishah (nashim)



brother-in-law gis

sister-in-law gisah








11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

89

DaggerradicDagger

DaggerOacuteDagger




˙Egravelaquo)(

middotOcirc


DaggerAacute

DaggerAacutelaquo




bdquolaquobdquo


OgravemiddotDagger


middotUacuteIuml


AacutelaquoOcirc

Aacutelaquo

sbquoEgraveOgrave

















Exercise 12



Exercise 13


Exercise 14






90























ƒEgrave


91








moshe

yonatan

sarahdorit

smadar zipi

yosi


EgravelaquoOcirc




OgraveOacuteEgrave




Dialogue 1


Uacute Aacute
























in the Superpharm


Vocabulary





like as kmo


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

93

middotsbquobdquo




IcircOacutelaquo

˜EgravelaquoOcirc



early mukdam

allevery kol









more od


hat koacuteva (m)

problem be-ayah (f)


product mutsar (m)


Language points







94




IcircIuml

permilIcircIuml







Uacutelaquobdquo





Oacuteraquomacr








Other examples





















EgraveEgraveIgrave

laquo



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

95



Exercise 1



New vocabulary

leather or (m)

sandal sandal (m)

sport sport (m)




Example

broccoli quiche(s)



1 clothes shop(s)

2 leather sandal(s)


4 sun hat(s)


6 evening dress(es)


96

Uacutelaquo

OgravebdquoIuml


divideOacutedivide


lozOacuteIumlpermil









batim

(plural) (sing)





Exercise 2




Example














Aacute)Aacute(

)Uacute(

Uacute Aacute



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

97











Exercise 3












98








Exercise 4


New vocabulary


how ekh



picnic piknik (m)

Question words

Example





__________ __________ matay larsquovo





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

99


DaggerEgraveIacute



UgraveEgraveEgrave







Cultural note








bank bank (m)


100







middot

˙Aacute bdquoIuml








Exercise 5


Exercise 6


Example


101


a

b

c

e

d

Yossirsquos list


cash mezuman (m)

meat basar (m)


stamp bul (m)

pen et (m)







Exercise 7


New vocabulary



car mekhonit (f)

khalah (f)






102

IcircOgraveUcirc


middotlozmacr

Egrave

middotraquoIuml

UacuteEuml







˜laquobdquoIgrave



AacuteIumlpermil


Oacute˙permil












Dialogue 2



103













mefursam




aval ashirhellip


known make


104














Vocabulary




size midah (f)



brown khum (-ah f)

beige bej (mf spl)



(they) cost olim G1






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

105





ˆmiddotUacute

divideAacutelaquo


middotEcircrsquo


IcircOacutepermil


Egravemacr)permil(

permilAacutepermil

Oacuteraquosbquo








pair zug (m)


rich ashir(-ah f)






Useful expressions






)Oacute--Dagger(

106

ˆmacr)permil(






Ecircraquosbquo

DaggerAacutemacr)(











Exercise 8



New vocabulary

coat me-il (m)

red adom (adumah f)


Questions she-elot






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

107













Language Point


The teens


Masculine Feminine












108



















The tens


MasculineFeminine

10 eacuteser

20 esrim

30 shloshim

40 arba-im

50 khamishim

60 shishim

70 shiv-im

80 shmonim

90 tish-im











11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

109

Uacutelozmacr









Hundreds


MasculineFeminine

100 me-ah

200 matayim

300 shlosh me-ot

400 arba me-ot

500 khamesh me-ot

600 shesh me-ot

700 shva me-ot

800 shmoneh me-ot

900 tsha me-ot

Thousands


MasculineFeminine

1000 eacutelef

2000 alpaacuteyim


4000 arba-at alafim


6000 sheshet alafim

7000 shiv-at alafim

8000 shmonat alafim

9000 tish-at alafim

10000 aseret alafim



1000000 milyon



OacuteDaggerlaquo

110

OacuteDaggerpermil









DaggerIumlUcirc













Exercise 9









Dialogue 3

Exercise 10


New vocabulary

to help la-azor G1


hair se-ar(f)


soap sabon(m)

paste mishkhah(f)


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

111



lozUacutemacr




side tsad(f)

shampoo shampo(m)




112

ˆbdquo



















Dialogue 1



























114









Vocabulary


busy asuk(-ah f)


reason sibah (f)



article ma-amar (m)

towards likrat

end sof (m)




why laacutemah









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

115



DaggerlaquoIacute





IumlDagger˙

OgravelaquoUcirc




IumlOacutepermil




middot˙ 8

˜dividepermil


˘DaggerIumlpermil










Language points

Verb Group 2











Oacute



116




middotIcircIumlIuml



























11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

117


















Exercise 1

How would you say


Exercise 2


New vocabulary


Exampleincorrect



macrIcircmiddot



118


IumlIumlIuml


Iumldivide˜divide




correct

correct














Dagger˙



Dagger˙

Dagger˙


119











Examples



Exercise 3


Example








OacuteEgraveIgrave

EgraveEgraveIgrave




120









Exercise 4











Exercise 5











121




Dialogue 2






osah

Icircbdquo

122

















you doing


Vocabulary







Galilee galil


to be lirsquohiyot

just merely stam

thing davar (m)

tour trip tiyul (m)

thus so im kakh



fun kef (m)

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

123



IcircbdquoEgrave


Ugrave˜

DaggerÎuml

sbquoIumlEgraveIuml



Ograve˙Igrave

bdquomiddotmacr

EumlEgraveraquoIuml




IcircEgraveUcirc

Language points





1st rishon(-ahf)

2nd sheni(shniyah)

3rd shlishi(-t)

4th revi-i(-t)

5th khamishi(-t)

6th shishi(-t)

7th shvi-i(-t)

8th shmini(-t)

9th tshi-i(-t)

10th asiri(-t)


is Sunday



EgravelaquoIgrave

EgraveEgrave

Daggerdivide

124

















Saturday yom shabat

Sabbath shabat

Exercise 6





brsquomabat rishon

khush shishi

hizdamnut shniyah

gaacuteyis khamishi



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

125








dividemiddot˙






Comparing

Equivalence


















ƒ + permil = ƒ




126








Exercise 7

New vocabulary











2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

127

















IcircraquoIumlraquo

IcircIuml



IcircIuml





IcircIuml

128







Exercise 8


New vocabulary




silk meacuteshi (m)




ready mukhan(-ah f)






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

129


Aacute˙raquopermil


OacutedivideEgrave





















Exercise 9

When are you free


New vocabulary

feel(s) margish G2

until ad

meeting pgishah (f)

visit bikur (m)





130


Uacutebdquo


middotEgraveraquo





131






0002

































Dialogue 1















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

133























AN ELDERLY




Vocabulary







134










road kvish (m)

fast mahir(-ah f)




if im




minute dakah (f)


stop(s) otser G1






Exercise 1




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

135

bdquomacrIacute





laquoOgraveUacute)(



DaggerIgrave




bdquopermil











Language points

Verb Group 3 hif-il
















Egrave






notUacuteIuml


136












Exercise 2














137






138









hour sha-ah (f)

minute dakah (f)

second shniyah (f)



past akharey

to before lifney

midnight khatsot



Useful expressions







Exercise 3



450 555 am 235 pm 716 pm 630 132 1158 pm


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

139


divideUacutepermil

bdquopermil


macrsbquoUacute



IumlUgraveEgrave

Aacuteˆlaquo









140

Exercise 4









Exercise 5


Exercise 6


Example

Exercise 7




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

141











(a lift tremp)

Dialogue 2








142





















Vocabulary



direction kivun (m)









immediately miyad




143





OacutedivideIgrave


macrÊgraveUcirc


˜laquoOacutepermil



OacuteEgravebdquo


Egravedividemacr


turn(s) poneh G1


kiosk kyosk (m)


Language points

Superlatives















144








Exercise 8


New vocabulary










permil

permil


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

145


Icircbdquo

Icircbdquopermil














Exercise 9


Exercise 10


OacuteUgravepermil

Ûacutebdquopermil







146







1

2

3

4


New vocabulary


junction tsomet (f)




market shuk (m)

111123456789101112131415161718

147


ˆlaquoOacute˙




divideraquo





Dialogue 3



148





















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

149














Vocabulary

November november

special speshel

flight tisah (f)



payment tashlum (m)

full male(mle-ah f)

September september


annual shnati(-t f)


loan halva-ah (f)

Language point




IumlIumlIcirc







˙˘IumlraquoIgrave




divideEgrave)(



150









truck masa-it (f)




horse sus (m)

Exercise 11


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

151










dividemacrraquo


OgraveEgravepermil

OgraveraquoOgrave








Cultural note





elul av tamuz




Autumn stav




Ograve˙EgraveAcirc

dividemiddot˙





Daggerbdquomacr

152








Winter khoacuteref




laquo


AacutelaquoUcirc


IumlraquoIumlmiddot





153


Spring aviv








˙laquopermil

UgraveOgraveAacute


˜Egraveı

Oacuteˆpermil



Ogravebdquomacr

UgraveOgraveAacute




154






Exercise 12


Verbs


1 eat

2 drink ________

3 sit ________

4 invite ________

5 light ________

6 read ________

7 wear ________



middot

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

155




156










9Home Sweet Home



Dialogue 1




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211



















Vocabulary




with im





kitchen mitbakh (m)

158







UgraveUacuteIgrave


bdquoEgravepermil

UacuteIgrave







garden ginah (f)











quite enough day



Cultural note




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

159


sbquoEgravepermil





Icircdividehellip


DaggerEgraveIacute




bdquoEgrave





Language point






Group 1





160




gdalten gadalt

gadlu gadal

gadlu gadlah














EgraveAcirc




macr--permil

permil


161











Group 2






shilmu shilem

shilmah





Exercise 1


Group 1




Oacute

162















Group 2


Exercise 2


New vocabulary


wallet arnak (m)


yesterday etmol

˙Egraveraquo

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

163








Daggermacr












Exercise 3


New vocabulary





True or False







164



Oacutelaquopermil









Exercise 411112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

165



rsquo lsquo



rsquo lsquo

New vocabulary

centre merkaz (m)







166

middotEgrave sbquo


rsquo lsquo






Example



Exercise 5



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

167




















Vocabulary

tell(s) mesaperet

sea yam (m)

huge anaki(-t f)





thatrsquos it zehu






exit yetsi-ah (f)

entrance knisah (f)


well nu

Exercise 6


168






EgraveIgrave

UacuteEgrave)(

laquoUcirc


middotpermil


Ecircpermilraquo

permilbdquomacr)(

DaggerOacuteIgrave


˜ˆ˙

bdquoIuml




raquo

Dialogue 2



dividemiddot˙

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

169






















170











Vocabulary







Oacute˙bdquomiddot







salt melakh (m)

cook tabakh (m)










solve(s) poter G1



Language points







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

171


OacuteIumlAacute

EumlmiddotAacute


Oacutedivide˜


























IumlDaggerIuml






172







Other examples




Exercise 7


Example


Exercise 8


Example







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

173












occupation isuk (m)

the ay group




174













the eet group




the ananit group



the a-aa-it group

cook tabakh(-it f)


Exercise 9



Example

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

175











Exercise 10




Exercise 11









sbquoOcirc

176



10Sport andculture




Dialogue 1














Vocabulary










to enjoy mevalim G2

hall ulam (m)



choir mak-helah (f)


club khug (m)

drama drama (f)

178



























Aacuteraquosbquo

bdquoOacutepermil


dance rikud (m)



Iraq irak

dream khalom (m)




hope tikvah (f)


Language points








himshiacutekhah



permilOacute



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

179

Êgraveraquo


divideOacuteUacute





















heviacutenu hevin

heviacutenah

Exercise 1


Example


Verbal nouns








180

permilmiddotEgrave

permilmiddot

permilmiddot



permilmiddotraquo

permilmiddotIgrave

permilmiddotOcirc


AB





















UgraveUacuteIuml


macr--bdquo


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

181









Exercise 2


Exercise 3



Example


Exercise 4







182






Exercise 5



3 art omanut

New vocabulary

nation folk am (m)




DaggerOacuteraquo




183


UacuteIgrave












Examples



I had haya li












permil


184



as an auxiliary




















ˆmacrEgraveIacute





185






Exercise 7


New vocabulary

band lahakah (f)








Exercise 8


permilEgravepermil

186

Iumlpermil˜permil




















Exercise 9


Example



Dialogue 2









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

187











permilIcirc˙


188



















Vocabulary





















brought hevi G3



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

189


ÎumlmiddotOcirc






















Cultural note



Exercise 10






Exercise 11






Exercise 12




˜middotIumlpermil


190

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

191

Language point










hityashvu hityashev

hityashvah



Example





permil˙-




permil˙













Example




to cross over








Exercise 13




bdquo˙






192






Example













11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

193








194























Vocabulary




macr


2345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

195

Egravemacr)permil(

AacutelaquoUcirc

IcircUgravemacr


IcircOacutepermil






ÛgravelaquoEgrave

lozmacrEgravebdquo



divideradiclaquo







raquo )--Ocirc(








196


divideEgravepermil

Exercise 14


Language point

Use of conjunctions





Exercise 15




Example


divide





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

197






198

















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211








Dialogue 1















Vocabulary

traffic tnu-ah (f)



enters nikhnas


oil sheacutemen (m)



picture tmunah (f)

float tsaf G1

read(s) kore G1





happened karah G1


200











(after a break)


˙raquoUacutepermil



IcircOgrave


divideOacuteOcirc



˙Oacuteraquopermil



DaggerAacutemacr








help ezrah (f)





Language points

lsquoTo happenrsquo

















˜--permil

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

201



UacuteEcircpermil


Oacute˙)permil(







Exercise 1


The first is






202

Daggerhellip

hellip

hellipEgrave

Egravehellip

hellip

hellip

hellipraquo

Egravehellipraquo

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo


permilIgrave)Ocirc(

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

203





nitrakets etrakhets








namshikh amshikh































204


nevakesh avakesh





Exercise 2

Complete the table

Exercise 3


Example
































Dialogue 2





11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

205




















Vocabulary


guilty ashem(-ah f)

engine mano-a (m)


stand(s) omed G1



miracle nes (m)








cover mikhseh (m)





empty reyk(-ah f)



206



OacutelaquoUacute



Icircmiddotloz


Ograve









Egrave˜macrmacr


˙IcircUcirc


macrEgrave)permil(



Language points

Future of Group 1



The ef-ol pattern


nivdok evdok









IumlUacutelozlaquo







UgraveUacuteIuml

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

207









The ef-al pattern


nishma eshma







Deviations




(okhal)


(ered)(elekh)

UgraverdquoEgrave

Egrave permil

UgraverdquoDagger

Dagger








208















Last letter (er-eh)

(ertseh)(eftakh)

















Iumlrdquopermil

permil Aacute

UacuterdquoAcirc

Acirc Egrave11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

209







Exercise 4

How do you say


2 He will remember

3 We will come



















210






Exercise 5









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

211







Example


Exercise 6


New vocabulary


cat khatul (m)




rubbish ashpah (f)



212


Aacute˙raquoIuml















Exercise 7





4 Bring her flowers






Exercise 8


Dialogue 3


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

213







Vocabulary





region eyzor (m)



between beyn



heat khom (m)


mad meshuga(-tf)


many hamon (adverb)

214
















˙AacuteEcircEgrave

dividemacrmiddot





middotEgraveOcirc



AacutelaquoIgrave

Uacuteˆmiddot





law khok (m)




danger sakanah (f)





Language points


tihyu tihyi tihyeh

yihyu tihyeh yihyeh










11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

215


Aacutelaquo




OgraveIcircpermil













216



The weather



New vocabulary

cloud(s) anan (m)

cloudy me-unan

rainy gashum









dry yavesh


UacuteOcirc








macrraquoAacute




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

217




Exercise 9



Exercise 10


Exercise 11




middot6

DaggerIgrave

6middot














(Promenade)





5divideIumlsbquo

6divideOacutedivide









Dialogue 1




11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

219





















(to Peter)

Vocabulary














enter nikhnas

pain ache ke-ev (m)

head rosh (m)



nausea bekhilah (f)

bed mitah (f)



instead of bimkom


220

DaggerAacutelaquo


divideIumlEuml

IcircIumlmiddot


Egrave)permil(




middotAacuteraquoı




IcircOgrave

IcircDaggermiddot

Daggerdivide


middotEumlOcirc






Cultural note


Language points

Sign language





Mutar and asur











11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

221




Exercise 1



Exercise 2



DaggerOgraveraquo


222





The imperative



a Group 1








to run

to get up

to move


UgraveUacuteIuml

˙

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

223







b Group 2


saper sapri sapru


c Group 3




d Group 4





Exercise 3











224







11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

225

Letrsquos go



(To a girl)


Exercise 4

How would you say









+ pronoun endings




Iuml






middot-laquo-Dagger







body guf (m)

head rosh (m)

back gav(m)





nose af (m)


throat garon(m)


mouth peh (m)


blood dam(m)


IcircDaggermiddot

226


sbquoraquoUcirc

Daggerdivide

sbquomiddot





DaggerUcirc


sbquolaquoOcirc


Ugravepermil







bdquoIgrave

Exercise 5


New vocabulary



fever khom (m)



flu shapa-at (f)


Exercise 6



11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

227



AacutelaquoIgrave



divideUgraveUacute












New vocabulary



tablet kadour (m)

against neacuteged

Exercise 7








-Ugrave-Iuml


UgraveUacuteIuml

228



Icircbdquoraquo

sbquobdquo









Dialogue 2


Vocabulary









UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml


UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml

11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

229
























OacuteOacuteraquo









Language points

Verb Group 5 nif-al


Example





Example









UgraveUacuteIuml



230






middot˜Iumlraquo


11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

231








The past tense





The future tense

nikanes ekanes





IcircOgrave



UgraveUacuteIuml



UgraveUacuteIuml


















232

Exercise 8


Exercise 9



New vocabulary









UgraveUacuteIuml










ÔacuteDagger






11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

233




Expressing regret


Example






UgraveUacuteIuml

UgraveUacuteIuml













Exercise 10









Dialogue 3


234









11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

235



















236

Vocabulary




joke bdikhah (f)

serve(s) magish



fly zvuv (m)





spoon kaf (f)


Exercise 11


New vocabulary






UgraveUacuteIuml














IcircUcirc












237








Dialogue 1



Iuml



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dividelaquopermil




Vocabulary






rest menukhah (f)



many lots of harbeh

believers ma-aminim

religion dat (f)

Judaism yahadut (f)


Islam islam (m)






to what lrsquomah

belief emunah (f)



light or


song poem shir (m)


240

middotUacuteIuml)(

bdquoEgrave)permil(



macrmiddot






bdquo


macrraquo







IumlOacutepermil


dividelaquopermil


Daggerlaquo

Ecircpermilmiddot

divideEgrave

Aacutelaquodivide˙

Language points




























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241



Exercise 1




it is customary

Exercise 2


Example


New vocabulary




242





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243

Exercise 3



Exercise 4


New vocabulary


glass zkhukhit (f)


Exercise 5






Oacutepermilsbquo

-permil-sbquo

Oacutelaquopermil












Colours tseva-im

red adom adumah

green yarok yerukah

orange katom ktumah

pink varod vrudah

lilac segol sgulah



white lavan levanah


brown khum khumah

Exercise 6




Ecircpermilhellip

244












Example


Exercise 7


New vocabulary




sad atsuv(-ah f)



bad ra (ra-ah f)



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(stars kokhavim)

(stripe pas)

˜Daggerpermil

Ûacutemacr

Uacuteˆmiddot




macrUacute)permil(





Adverbs





brsquoofen (m)

or brsquotsurah (f)




middot

middotˆraquopermil




246









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247

Exercise 8


in jest

seriously

happily

sadly

easily


carefully

decisively

fast

slowly

with interest

inwith modesty

Exercise 9


New vocabulary

album albom (m)



girl bakhurah (f)







middot˜Iumlraquo



middotÂacutelaquo





Oacuteˆmiddot


Dialogue 2


248
























(To Ayeacutelet)

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249


Vocabulary





doubt safek (m)









agree maskim







UgraveUacuteIuml

















OgraveUgrave

permilDaggerIgrave










Exercise 10


Example


Language points





permilDaggerIgrave


250












Exercise 11








Examples





Exercise 12


Example








˜macr IumlIacute


Iuml

permilDaggerIgrave

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251


(not)

(not yet)

(no longer)

(never)

Exercise 13






252









UacuteEgraveIgrave

laquoAacute

Eumllaquomiddot

dividemiddotmacr

OacuteDaggerOgrave

IumlDagger macr

˜macr

˜˘permil

IumlDagger




IumlEgrave

IumlIcircIgrave

IumlpermilIgrave

Iumlraquo


IumlIacute






New vocabulary

tower migdal (m)






wall kir (m)




avenue sderah (f)

mosque misgad (m)

last akharon(-ah f)

cross tslav (m)

inside brsquotokh



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˜Egrave


OacuteAacute˜macr


lozbdquomacrpermil



Îumlmiddot

middot˙laquoIacute

˜middotmacr













Exercise 14











254













(Isaiah 565)

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255

Exercise 15



































256

Exercise 16

Biblical verses






(Isaiah 24 yishayah

(Psalm 1371 tehilim




˙rdquoIacute









)permilIuml Dagger9








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Dialogue 1










DaggerEgraveOcirc



Vocabulary

dial khayeg




mistake ta-ut (f)






your wife ishtekha


Language points

+ pronoun endings





DaggerEgraveOcirc

DaggerEgraveOcirc



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259













EumlUacuteraquo


middot˜dividemacr


permil˜divide








Exercise 1











DaggerEgraveOcirc


260








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Here are a few more




eynay da-ati



eynav da-ato








permil







UacuteEgraveEgrave








bdquoUacute

bdquoUacuteEgrave

bdquoUacuteIacute

bdquoUacuteIacute

bdquoUacutelaquo

bdquoUacutepermil

bdquoUacuteraquo



Exercise 2


New vocabulary

bride kalah (f)


Dialogue 2



262

IcircIumlpermil











New vocabulary





luggage mit-an (m)




03 655 4321



(positions amadot)




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Daggerlaquolaquo







264


Exercise 3

Reading passages







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266

Exercise 4



Exercise 5


230 430 630 830















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Important people



Vocabulary





choice brerah (f)






president nasi


UgraveUacuteIuml









Õgrave

lozmacr










268


Exercise 6


















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270







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Key to exercises

Unit 1

Exercise 2

d = ts = v =

Exercise 3

Bran Flakes

Exercise 4


Exercise 5


middotˆbdquo






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Exercise 6

k = 311 t = 24 s = 812 v = 16 kh = 79silent = 510

Exercise 7

1 3 6 8 92 8 9 10

Exercise 8

1 1 3 7 10 11

Exercise 9


Exercise 10


Exercise 11


Exercise14


Exercise 15


Exercise 16


274

Exercise 17

1

2

Unit 2

Exercise 1

Exercise 2














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Exercise 4


Exercise 5



Exercise 6



Exercise 7

Exercise 8
















276




Exercise 9







Exercise 10

Exercise 11

monit (f)

khaverah (f)

eacuterev (m)

pitseriacuteyah (f)

malon (m)

teatron (m)

oacutetobus (m)

kafiteacuteryah (f)

belgiyah (f)

muzeon (m)

amsterdam (f)

UgraveEgravepermil

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permil

Dagger

middot

bdquo

Acirc

sbquo

OacutelaquoEgrave


Uacutemacrmiddot












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Exercise 12

Exercise 13


eyfoh harsquomisrad




Exercise 14















278

Unit 3

Exercise 1











Exercise 2















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Exercise 3





Exercise 4

Exercise 5





Exercise 6

















280

Exercise 7

= 3 + 2= 4 + 6 = 1 + 8= 0 + 5

Exercise 8

Exercise 9

1




2

What are you doing




AacuteOacutedivide

Uacutelozmacr

˙divideUacute

AacuteOacutedivide












(oseh)

(osah)

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Exercise 10

1 True

2 True



5 True


Unit 4

Exercise 1

Exercise 2



















282

Translation









Exercise 3

Exercise 4


AacuteÊgraveIuml

OacuteIumlˆmacr



OacuteIcircmiddot



˙Aacutepermil



Aacuteraquo









˙Aacutelaquo




Egrave˜laquo






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Exercise 5


Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Our suggestions


UgraveEgravelaquo
























284

Exercise 9

Exercise 10

Exercise 12

Transliteration





Translation







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Unit 5

Exercise 1

Exercise 2



Exercise 4









286

Exercise 5






Exercise 6


Exercise 7





Exercise 8

Exercise 9

(shelakh shelkha)


















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(lakh)

Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 13

adjectives

(male) people

places

Exercise 14






















288



Unit 6

Exercise 1







Exercise 2

Plural Singular


















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Exercise 3





Exercise 4







Exercise 5


















290

(coffee shop )


Exercise 6

Exercise 7







Exercise 8




















291

Exercise 9








Exercise 10






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292









Unit 7

Exercise 1

Exercise 2






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Exercise 3







Exercise 4












294

Exercise 5

Exercise 6



a fifth column

Exercise 7






Exercise 8






















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Exercise 9



















296








Unit 8

Exercise 1

Exercise 2




Exercise 3









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Exercise 4a





Exercise 4b

Exercise 5


Exercise 6

Exercise 7











DaggerAacute˙









1OacuteIcircEgrave


298




Exercise 8






Exercise 9


Exercise 10












1

2

3

4








Exercise 11

(in Venice)

Exercise 12

2 drink shotim G1

3 sit yoshvim G1


5 light madlikim G3

6 read kor-im G1

7 wear lovshim G1









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300

Unit 9


Exercise 1




Exercise 2



















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Exercise 3


Exercise 4




Exercise 5


Exercise 6















Exercise 7

Exercise 8

Exercise 9








302









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303

Exercise 10






writer soferet (f)

Unit 10

Exercise 1







Exercise 2


Exercise 3






















Exercise 4


Exercise 5


landscapes






304













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Exercise 6






Exercise 7










Exercise 8



Exercise 9

Exercise 10


Exercise 11


Exercise 12

Masculine

Feminine

Opposites

306



dividemacrraquo

OacuteAacutemacr













Exercise 13

Exercise 15









Unit 11

Exercise 1












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baacuteta mitsta-er



mit-aniyeacutenet

308

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4


Exercise 5

















yavi

yekabel

yetaken

yitlabesh

yitstarekh

avi

akabel

ataken

etlabesh

etstarekh

(lefaneacuteynu)






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Exercise 6


Translation







Exercise 7

Exercise 8





Exercise 9

Exercise 10

310




















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311

Exercise 11

Unit 12

Exercise 1





Exercise 2






OgraveIcircpermil













Language point






Exercise 3

1 tir-i ndash re-i

2 taruts ndash ruts





7 tivdok ndash bdok

8 temale ndash male

312





















Exercise 4

Exercise 5


Exercise 6

only 1 6 7









Exercise 7

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(nafaacutelti)

Exercise 8



yislakh

yigamer yidalku

yibadku






Exercise 9

314















Exercise 10














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Exercise 11

Unit 13

Exercise 1



zeh nahug

Exercise 2




dressed in white



Exercise 3



driving nehigah



a custom minhag

316










permilsbquo





Oacutepermilsbquo


Exercise 4

Exercise 5






Exercise 6


317












Egravelaquo






(Italian)


Exercise 7







Exercise 8

in jest

seriously

happily

sadly

easily


carefully

decisively

fast

slowly

with interest

with modesty

318




birsquotskhok

birsquortsinut

brsquosimkhah

brsquoetsev

brsquokalut

brsquokoshi

birsquozhirut

brsquohekhletiyut

birsquomhirut

bersquoitiyut

bersquoinyan

birsquotsniyut

middotÂacutelaquo




middot˜Iumlraquo








Exercise 9








Exercise 10

Exercise 11

Exercise 12





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Exercise 13













320




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321




Exercise 14







6 Yad Varsquoshem

7 Paragraph



Exercise 15


Exercise 16


et tsiyon



Acirc









Unit 14

Exercise 1






Exercise 2

Dialogue 2

322











Exercise 3







2 Puppaccino Bar




d In Australia






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1234 556 30






Exercise 4



Exercise 5




324

Exercise 6








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Appendix I


Dialogue 1









Dialogue 2












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Unit 11

Dialogue 1











328

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329


Dialogue 2






mah hu yatsiacute-a







Dialogue 3







Unit 12

Dialogue 1







330

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331






Dialogue 2










Dialogue 3


te-avon





Unit 13

Dialogue 1






332





Dialogue 2









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333


yerushalayim








334

Unit 14

Dialogue 1


Dialogue 2











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336












Appendix II


Sentence structure

The noun sentence


Questions








permilDaggerIgrave



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338


Negation



Words such as







Parts of speech

Articles


girlfriend khaverah



permil



IumlDagger









Nouns












Personal pronouns


OacuteEgraveIgrave


-EgraveEgraveIgrave




-laquo-EgraveIgrave




˙permil

permil11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211

339

I (mf)

you (m sing)

you (f sing)

he

she

we (mf)

you (mfpl)

they (mfpl)



Relative pronouns




Demonstratives

Pronouns








340

ani

atah

at

hu

hi

anaacutekhnu

atem(n)

hem(n)

DaggerEgrave

Dagger˙permil

Dagger˙

permilraquoDagger

permilEgraveDagger

DaggerAacuteraquo


permilIgrave)Ocirc(













Adjectives




-laquo-EgraveIgrave

Egravepermil






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342










Adverbs











permil

permil





UgraveUacuteIgrave

DaggerEcirc



OacuteAacutemacr

divideIgrave



IumlUgraveEgrave


divideraquomiddot

Ugravepermil

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quantity


Numbers (cardinal)









permil

UgraveAacutelaquo

Egravelaquomacr



˜ˆ˙

OacuteUacuteEuml

IcircOacutepermil






Conjunctions



Boris and Sonya





Prepositions




OacuteIumlradic


dividehellip


Acirchellip


344

DaggermiddotIuml











The particle et







Dagger˙

Dagger˙Dagger˙

Dagger˙





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Examples



Verbs



346





Appendix III

348























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349



















350











ndash gizrat



Dagger˙

Iumlpermil


Iuml









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351


















352























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354



















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disparage




















356



















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358





















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360




















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362





















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364





















11112345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414211


be in need of




















366





















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368





















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370







to be able to

to give







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372







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373




374










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a pity



khaval (m)



AacutemiddotIuml

376




377







378







379









380


mah pit-om










productearlyteacher

381




382




383







384








385




yellownoon







386




387












388




389







Index



age 121




colours 244

comparing 126ndash7






generalizing 98




permil


Dagger˙


Iuml















regret 233


superlatives 144




divide

permilDaggerIgrave

divide

DaggerOgraveraquo


DaggerUgravemacr




391





) 350

weather 216


word stress 31


sbquoEcirclaquo


UgraveUacuteIuml


UgraveUacuteIuml



UgraveUacuteIuml




392

Book Cover

Half-Title

Title

Copyright

Contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction



3 Can We Meet


5 Family and Plans




9 Home Sweet Home



12 At the Doctors



Key to Exercises



Appendix III


Index

Colloquial Hebrew: The Complete Course for Beginners

Documents

Transcript of Colloquial Hebrew: The Complete Course for Beginners