Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
Transcript of Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 1/12
LONDON SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY
MODULE: EUB _7_430
SAFETY, SURVEY TECHNIQUESAND QUANTITATIVE METHODS
COURSE WORK - 04 :COLLISION ANALYSIS AT JUNCTION
OF BOROUGH HIGH STREET AND ST THOMAS STREET
MODULE LEADER : DR. AMER ALI
LECTURER : MR. MAHESH DHAKAL
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 16 th December 2013
STUDENT NAME : BABER BEGSTUDENT No. : 3301044
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 2/12
Contents
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 3
COLLISION ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................... 5
COLLISION LOCATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 6
CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS ....................................................................................................................... 7
CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 9
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 10
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 3/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 1
INTRODUCTION
A traffic collision, also known as a traffic accident, motor vehicle collision, motor vehicle
accident, car accident, automobile accident, road traffic collision, road traffic accident,
wreck (USA), car crash, or car smash (Australian) occurs when a vehicle collides with another
vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road debris, or other stationary obstruction, such as a tree or
utility pole. Traffic collisions may result in injury, death, vehicle damage, and property
damage.
A number of factors contribute to the risk of collision, including vehicle design, speed of
operation, road design, road environment, driver skill and/or impairment, and driver
behaviour. Collision data present detailed statistics about the circumstances of personal
injury accidents, including the where the collision occurred, the types of vehicles involved,
the resulting casualties, weather conditions, road type, date, time and other contributory
factors which may contribute to collisions happening. The statistics on collisions are based
on information about accidents reported to the police (using ‘STATS 19’ forms) in the UK.
However, not all non-fatal collisions are reported to the police. The best current estimate is
that the total number of road casualties in Great Britain, including those not reported to
police, is within the range 660 thousand to 800 thousand with a central estimate of 730
thousand. These figures are based on 2011 dataset which is due to be updated for 2013. i
There is a social-economic cost to the community due to the collision which results from a
loss in output due to injury, calculated as the value of expected earnings, costs of hospital
treatment and human costs. The latter representing grief and suffering to the casualty,
relatives and friends that can be heightened when a fatality arises as a direct result of a
collision.
The various figures, such as number of casualties, locations and type of collisions, obtainedfor the current year are then compared over the records for the previous years to
determine trends and interventions that can be applied to reduce the number of collisions.
The Mayor of London has set a target reduction in the number of collisions to be reduced
overall by 40%. Generally the trend over the last few years has seen a reduction, however,
due to the recent spate of cyclist fatalities with thirteen killed over a two week period, this
will cause a variation in the annual figures. There is always an increase or decrease observed
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 4/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 2
in the annual figures, but this must be reviewed over a longer period to identify any trends
in the data.
On a site with a high collision record, intervention methods to reduce the number of
collisions are taken into consideration. This is done by reviewing the causation/contributoryfactors for that particular site. These will be indicative of the measures to be taken at a
particular site.
This brief study will look into a junction in the London Borough of Southwark and discuss
various improvements that could possibly be implemented to reduce the number of
collisions at this particular junction.
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 5/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 3
BACKGROUND
The collision data that has been used for the purpose of this analysis is that provided by TfL
for the London Borough of Southwark for the 36 month period to December 2012. This data
covers nearly three thousand collisions over the past three years. However, for the purpose
of this report data has been extracted for a single junction to be analysed.
The junction of Borough High Street junction with St Thomas Street and Bedale Street.
There have been 22 collisions at this junction (see Appendix A showing the interpreted
listings ii highlighted for the collisions being investigated in this report).
Figure 1: Showing Borough High Street junctions with Bedale Street and St Thomas Street.
Traffic flows through this junction are heavy, with a large number of buses flowing north
and southbound throughout the day. Due to the existing refurbishment works at London
Bridge Station, there are heavy vehicles also traversing through the junction. The signalised
junction allows controlled movement through the junction and reduces the conflict
between different vehicle movements within the available road space. iii However, this has
not completely eliminated human error, which can occur due to the driver being in a hurry,
tired at the end of a long day, not looking properly or inadvertently putting his foot down to
trying to beat the changing traffic signals.
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 6/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 4
Photo 1: Looking southbound at the junction of Borough High Street with St Thomas Street andBedale Street.
Photo 1 above shows the busy junction. St Thomas Street is next to Barclays Bank, Bedale street ison the right hand side.
The traffic signals although green show people still utilising the crossing in between large
gaps in the traffic. Pedestrians can be seen crossing the road near the furthest set of lights
shown in the above photo, where there is no crossing provided (circled in red). The
pedestrians are posing a risk not only to themselves but to the traffic moving along Borough
High Street.
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 7/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 5
COLLISION ANALYSIS
Once the location for the study has been chosen the next step in the process is to plot the
collisions on to a plan. Normally this is done on OS plan as co-ordinates have been provided
to the approximate locations of where the collisions have occurred.
Next we look at the plots and try to see if there are any clusters of collisions. This is
indicative that there maybe some common underlying factor resulting in the number of
collisions. An in-depth review of the contributory factors is undertaken to determine the
common causes of the collisions.
A site visit is also undertaken to observe and assess the movement of the both pedestrian
and vehicular traffic. This provides the investigator with an idea of the possible intervention
measures that could be introduced to reduce the number of collisions for the site to make it
safer for all road users.
The data for the collisions being investigated was entered into an excel spreadsheet. Macros
were then run to produce the outputs shown in Appendix B which shows a summary of the
data including the contributory factors, and Appendix C showing the graphs to enable
identifying the trends over the time period. Appendix D shows the stick diagrams showing
where the collisions occurred.
There are 22 collisions at the junction over a three year period. This equates to 7.33
collisions per year. The data is represented graphically to try and identify any trends. The
highest proportion of collisions occurred in 2011 with 11 collisions, this represents a 175%
increase on the previous year where there were only 4 collisions. However, as shown in the
timeline graph in Appendix C, the collisions are reduced the following year. There is no
distinctive trend observed.
Further analysis of the data by month of the year, as shown on the graph ( Appendix C) thatthe majority of collisions have occurred in the month of June.
Analysis of the data by day of the week shows that the majority of the collisions have occurred on a
Monday as shown in Appendix C. This could be due to number of reasons one of which could be that
due to people rushing to get to work on a Monday.
Collisions by time of day, is shown in Appendix C. It can be observed that the majority of the
collisions took place during the morning peak and mid-day peak.
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 8/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 6
Four of the collisions occurred in the dark and only one of these was serious. There are three
collisions observed in wet conditions none which resulted in a serious casualty.
There are a number of common intervention measures, as shown in Appendix E iv, which can be used
to reduce the number of collisions. Options are presented along with costs for implementation of
the measures and presented to the local highway authority to determine which of the options from
the feasibility study to implement.
COLLISION LOCATIONS
The collision data is recorded by the Police on a STATS 19 form in great detail. However, on
occasions, some anomalies are recorded, such as the co-ordinates. For instance, when we
look at the collision for 0112MM70339 which happened at 13:15 on 10th
April 2012, the co-ordinates show that the collision occurs inside the public house next door to a bank. This for
obvious reasons cannot be the exact location of the collision. A decision has to be made by
the analyst to determine the nearest location where the collision could possibly occur. It
should be noted on occasion the co-ordinate locations are on the footway, rather than the
actual carriageway where the collision has occurred.
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 9/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 7
CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS
For any one collision that occurs there are a number of factors which can contribute to the collision.
The table shown in Appendix B summarises the contributory factors involved. This shows that the
highest contributory factor involved in the collisions under analysis is that the driver/rider failed to
look properly. Table 1 shows the percentage of occurrence of each of the contributory factors
involved in the collisions.
CONTRIBUTORY FACTORNo of
OCCURENCES%
Failed to look properly (Driver/Rider) 10 45%Poor turn or manoeuvre 9 41%
Failed to judge other person's path or speed (Driver/Rider) 7 32%Failed to look properly (Ped) 5 23%Loss of control 4 18%Careless / reckless / in a hurry (Driver/Rider) 4 18%Failed to judge vehicles path or speed (Ped) 4 18%Passing to close to cyclist, horse rider or pedestrian 3 14%Sudden braking 2 9%Swerved 2 9%Vision affected - stationery or parked vehicle(s) 2 9%Wrong use of pedestrian crossing facility (Ped) 2 9%Careless / reckless / in a hurry (Ped) 2 9%Animal or object in carriageway 1 5%Disobeyed automatic traffic signal 1 5%Exceeding speed limit 1 5%Junction restart 1 5%Distraction outside vehicle 1 5%Vision affected - vehicle blind spot 1 5%Crossed road masked by stationary or parked vehicle (Ped) 1 5%Other factor 1 5%
Table 1: Showing the contributory factors involved in the collisions
The table is ranked in descending order showing the main contributory factor at the top. From the
table it can be seen that the three main causes are down to the driver/rider. However, it should be
noted that none of the contributory factors take the environment into consideration. From the
photograph it can be observed that the junction is extremely busy. Any intervention measures
suggested should take this into consideration, as the driver/rider has to make rapid decisions
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 10/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 8
traversing the junction including keeping control of the vehicle, and awareness of any movements by
pedestrians attempting to cross the road other than at the crossing points provided.
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 11/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 9
CONCLUSIONS
There are a number of interventions which could be made to improve the safety for all road
users. These would include the following:
Refresh antiskid – this would assist vehicles in stopping safely at the junction.
Introduction of cycle lanes – this would reduce the available road width for motor
vehicles, however, would greatly assist cyclists who frequently vie with motorised
road users for the limited road width available. This would include the use of
advance stop lines (ASLs). However, prior to implementing this we would need to
carry out a Road Safety Audit to review the design.
Make junction a yellow box junction. When the signals change to allow the various
movements through the junction. Vehicles could only utilise the junction if they were
able to complete the manoeuvre within the allotted timeframe.
Adjust signal timing to vary according to demand throughout the day. The most
commonly used system in the UK is Split Cycle Offset Optimisation Technique
(SCOOT).
Provide backing boards to enhance the visibility of the signal both during throughoutthe day. This would increase the driver/rider awareness of the environment and
reduce the number of collisions where the motorists failed to look properly.
An independent Road Safety Audit (RSA) would need to be carried out on any suggested
improvements to ensure that the designer of the scheme has considered all aspects of the
scheme. If the RSA has made recommendations then these are either accepted or rejected
by the design team in the form of an acceptance report. This then has to be signed off by
the local authority or the Client who has issued instructions for the RSA to be carried out.
Only once this has been done, can the recommendations suggested by the auditors be
implemented within the design.
8/13/2019 Collision Introduction R001 - 09 Jan 2014 - Version 001 05-45
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/collision-introduction-r001-09-jan-2014-version-001-05-45 12/12
Collision Analysis at junction of Borough High Street and St Thomas Streetby Baber BegLSBU Student No: 3301044 Page 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY
i Reported Road Casualties Great Britain 2011. Published September 2012ii Collision data courtesy of TfL, and London Borough of Southwark.iii TD 50/04 The Geometric layout of signal-controlled junctions and signalised Roundabouts, November 2004iv Intervention measures compiled by B.A. Beg, 2008