College of Medicine, Undergraduate, Riyadh

Sec.01 5th PSMS of KSAU-HS

Riyadh 20141


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Table of contents

SECTION I: PAGE1. FOREWORD

• HEDrBandarAlKnawy 003• ProfessorYoussefAlEissa 004• Prof.AliAlTuwaijri 005

2. University Student Research Board 0063. Scientific Program 008

SECTION II: ABSTRACTS PRESENTATIONRiyadh A–CollegeofMedicine:Undergraduate 009B–CollegeofMedicine:MastersinMedicalEducation 040C–CollegeofAppliedMedicalSciences 048D–CollegeofPublicHealthandHealthInformatics 059E–CollegeofNursing 071F–CollegeofScienceandHealthProfessions 074G–KingFahadMedicalCity 077

JeddahH–CollegeofMedicine 085

I–CollegeofNursing 086 Al-AhsaJ-CollegeofNursing 095

SECTION III: Photography, Arts & Documentaries 102


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FOREWORD

H.E. Dr. Bandar Al Knawy, MD, FRCPCPresident,KSAU-HS&CEO,NGHA

It gives me great pleasure to introduce this booklet of the researchproductionofourstudentsatKingSaudbinAbdulazizUniversityforHealthSciences(KSAU-HS). The volume and quality of abstracts published in this book represent a unique andsignificantachievementtowardsrealizingourUniversitymissionofenhancingandfosteringscientificresearch.WhatisspecialaboutthisbookisthatallcontentsareauthoredbystudentsfromallCollegesof thisUniversityunderthesupervisionof their faculty. Inmyownview,this isagoodpredictorofgraduatinghealthprofessionalswhocares for researchtomakeinformeddecisionbasedonscientificevidencegeneratedfromhighqualityresearch.I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate all the participating students in thePreparatoryResearchConference,inadditiontothescientificandorganizingcommittees,fortheirhardworkand teamefforts toorganize this importantconference. Fromour sideasleadersofthisUniversity,wewillprovideallpossiblesupporttoencouragestudents’researchandsimilaractivitiesinthefuture.


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FOREWORD

Professor Youssef Al Eissa MD, FAAP, FRCPCVicePresident,EducationalAffairs

SincetheestablishmentoftheKingSaudbinAbdulazizUniversityforHealthSciences(KSAU-HS),researchhasbeenhighlightedasanimportantapproachinrealizingthemission,strategies,andactivitiesofourUniversity.ResearchiswellincorporatedandintegratedinthecurriculaofallColleges.Forinstance,thebiomedicalresearchblockattheCollegeofMedicinerunslongitudinallythroughthefour-yearmedicalprogramwhereeachstudentisexpectedtowriteaproposal,implementtheresearch,andformulateascientificmanuscript.Therefore,itisnotsurprisingtoseethisreasonablevolumeandhighqualityresearchthatareputtogetherinthisbooklet.Iamproudtoconveythismessagetothankallstudentsfortheirsignificantefforts,andperseverancethatallowthemtospendtimeoutoftheirbusyscheduletoparticipateinthisimportantconference.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankallstudents,thescientificandorganizingcommittees,andsupportstafffortheircollaborativeeffortstoensureanorganizedandsuccessfulevent.


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FOREWORD

PROF ALI AL TUWAIJRI,Dean,DeanshipofStudentAffairs,KSAU–HS

As you are aware, KSAU-HS is organizing a very important universityevent – the preparatory meeting for the 4th scientific conference of higher education students.Thismeetingwillbeorganizedundertheauspicesofproof.youssefAlEissa,vicepresidenteducational affairs. The event will commence on the 22 Dec 2012 and will be heldsimultaneouslyinthethreecampusesoftheuniversity(Riyadh,JeddahandALAhsa),duringwhich researchpaperswillbepresented inadditionto theartworks representingstudentscontributionsandsubmissionstothe4thScientificconferenceofHighereducationstudentwhichwillbeheldinMakkahon29April2013Activitiesincludeposterandoralpresentations,inadditiontodistributionofawardsforthebeststudents.Themainobjectiveofthiseventis toencourageandstrengthen,aswellascreatingconduciveenvironment forsupportingstudents’researchandtheirextra-curricularactivities.Submitted research entries coming from different colleges, statistically the submittedmaterialsshowshowourstudentspatronizeandsupportthisannualevent.Wemainlyaddressthisevent“bythestudents,fromstudents,tostudents.”


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UNIVERSITY STUDENT RESEARCH BOARD

Scientific Committee

• Prof.AliHajeer,ProfessorofImmunology,CollegeofMedicine,Riyadh(Chairman)• Dr.HananBalkhy,AssociateProfessor,Pediatrics,CollegeofMedicine,Riyadh• Prof.BashirHamad,Professor,MedicalEducation,CollegeofMedicine,Riyadh• Prof.LubnaBaig,Professor,MedicalEducation,CollegeofMedicine,Riyadh• Prof.AliKarrarOsman,Professor,CollegeofAppliedMedicalSciences,Riyadh• Prof.ShadiaAbdElkader,ProfessorofNursing,CollegeofNursing,AlAhsa• Dr.HananAlKadri,AssociateDean,CollegeofMedicine-FemaleBranch,Riyadh• Dr.TalalAlHarbi,AssociateDean,AcademicAffairs,CollegeofScience&Health

Professions,Riyadh• Dr.FayezAlHejaili,AssociateDean,PostgraduateEducation,KSAU-HS,Riyadh• Dr.AliAlShehri,AssociateDean,CollegeofPublicHealth&HealthInformatics,

Riyadh• Dr.FahadAlHussain,AssociateProfessor,Family&CommunityMedicine,College

ofMedicine,Riyadh• Dr.AhmedBahnassy,AssociateProfessor,Biostatistics,KingFahadMedicalCity,

FOM,Riyadh• Dr.MotasimBadri,AssociateProfessor,Biostatistics,CollegeofScience&Health

Professions,Riyadh• Dr. Abdulhalim Kinsara, Assistant Professor, Cardiology, College of Medicine,

Jeddah• Dr.AbdullahAlZahem,Consultant,DentalServices,KAMC-R• Dr.YousefAlOlah,AssistantProfessor,CollegeofPharmacy,Riyadh• Dr.AbdullahAlGhamdi,AssistantProfessor,CardiacSurgery,CollegeofMedicine,

Riyadh• Dr. Hala Al Saied, Assistant Professor, Pediatric Nursing, College of Nursing,

Riyadh• Dr. Amani Al Muallem, Assistant Professor, Family & Community Medicine,

CollegeofMedicine,Riyadh• Dr.WafaaElArousy,AssistantProfessor,PediatricNursing,CollegeofNursing,

Jeddah• Dr.AamirOmair,Lecturer,MedicalEducation,CollegeofMedicine,Riyadh


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Organizing Committee

• Prof.AliAlTuwaijri,Dean,DeanshipofStudentAffairs,KSAU-HS(Chairman)• Dr.SuilaimanAlQueflie,AssociateDean,DeanshipofStudentAffairs,KSAU-HS• Dr.BaderAlMuqbil,AssociateDean,DeanshipofStudentAffairs,KSAU-H• Dr. Nesrin Alharthy, Associate Dean, Academic & Student Affairs, College of

AppliedMedicalSciences-FemaleBranch,Riyadh• Dr.RanaKattan,AssistantDean,AcademicAffairs,CollegeofMedicine-Female

Branch,Riyadh• Dr.LolwahAlriyees,AssistantProfessor,GeneralSurgery,CollegeofMedicine,

Riyadh• Dr.MohammedAlDubayee,AssistantProfessor,MedicalEducation,Collegeof

Medicine,Riyadh• Dr.ManalBawazeer,AssistantProfessor,Pediatrics,CollegeofMedicine,Riyadh


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Program TIME ACTIVITY12:30 Quran12:35 OrganizingCommitteeSpeech

12:45VPEducationalAffairsSpeech

Prof.YoussefAlEissa

13:00OralPresentation

(15minutesallocatedforeachstudy)14:00 Break/PosterRound15:15 AwardsCeremony15:30 ProgramEnds

Schedule of Scientific EventTIME PRESENTER PROJECT TITLE

12:30 - 1300 OpeningCeremony

13:00 - 13:15 AhmadBatarfiCOM

Prevalenceoflowbackpainamong`medicalpractitionersinatertiarycarehospitalinRiyadh

13:15 - 13:30Atheer

AlhumaidCOSHP

Anexperimentalresearchontheeffectsofartificialsugar(Aspartame)onthehistologyandphysiologyofinfertilityanddecreasedfertility

13:30 - 13:45MushariAlNemaryCOM

Prevalenceofenergydrinksconsumptionsamongcollegestudentsandtheireffectsonhealth

13:45 - 14:00 EisaAlRashidiCAMS

StudyofthecorrelationofvitaminDlevelswithhepatitisA/Bpatients

14:00 - 14:15 BREAK/POSTERROUND

14:15 - 14:30 FaisalAbuAbatCOM

AttitudeandknowledgeofhealthcareprovidersinKAMCaboutMedicalethics

14:30 - 14:45AbdulazizAl

AtamiKFMC

Prevalenceofdepressionanditsassociationwithsocio-demographiccharacteristicsamonggeneralpopulation

14:45 - 15:00AbdulazizAl

AlwanCOM

Sleepquestionnairesandclinicalfeaturesaspredictiveforthediagnosisofobstructivesleepapnea

15:00 – 15:15 NadaAlBwardiCOPHII

Workplacehealthpromotionprogramstoincreasephysicalactivity:AretheyappropriateforwomeninSaudiArabia?

15:15 – 15:30 Awards&ClosingCeremony


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College of Medicine, Undergraduate, Riyadh A-01

Thromboembolitic disorders following isolated fracture of femur; Incidence and analysis of risk factors Abdulaziz Hassan Al Hussain, Sami Al EissaBackground Several complications including thromboembolitic disorders have been linkedto fracture femur. A number of Western studies estimated the incidence ofthromboembolitic disorders between 2% and 8%. Several patient and operativerisk factors have been linked to the development thromboembolitic disorders. InSaudiArabia,thereis lackofstudiesassessingtheincidenceandtheriskfactorsofthromboembolicdisordersassociatedwithfracturefemur.

ObjectivesTo examine the incidence and risk factors of thromboembolic disorders amongpatientswithisolatedfracturefemur.

MethodsThecurrentdesignstudywasa retrospectivecohortstudydoneatKingAbdulazizMedicalCity.Thechartsofalladultpatientspresentedwithisolatedfracturefemurbetween2002and2011werereviewed.Thromboembolicdisordersweredefinedasdeepveinthrombosis,pulmonaryembolism,andfatembolism.

ResultsDuring the study, a total of 156 patients with isolated fracture femur have beenidentified.Themajority(82.1%)weremalesandtheaverageagewas32.6±17.0years.Thromboembolicdisorderswere identifiedinsevenpatientswhichrepresentedanincidenceof4.5%.Pre-andpost-operativethromboprophylaxis(heparin)wasgivento themajority of patients (96.8% and 89.1%, respectively). The following factorswere significantly associatedwith the development of thromboembolic disorders;bloodtransfusion,delayedmobilization,needforICUadmissions,prolongedhospitallengthofstay,andremoteinfection.

ConclusionsThe risk of developing thromboembolic disorders in young traumatic patientspresentedwithisolatedfemurfractureinSaudiArabiawasgenerallysimilartotheratesreportedinmanyWesterncountries.Thromboprophylaxis inthecurrentstudywashighandwasnotsignificantlyassociatedwiththedevelopmentofthromboembolicdisorders.


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A-02

Patients’ characteristics and operative duration and prognosis of knee replacement at King Fahad National Guard Hospital in RiyadhAbdulaziz Saud Al Turki, Mazen FerwanaBackgroundKRisasafeandcost-effectiveprocedurethatimprovespatients’qualityoflife,physicalfunctionandalleviatespain.Theinteractionbetweenpatients’characteristicsandtheoutcomeandprognosisofkneearthroplastyisnotagreeduponamongphysicians.The aim of our studywas to examine the effects of somepatients’ characteristics(age, gender, BMI and co-morbidities) on certain outcome measures (operativeduration,revisionrate,lengthofhospitalstayandpost-operativecomplications)ofkneereplacement.Mainfocuswasontheassociationbetweenthepatients’BMIandoperativedurationofkneereplacement.

MethodsThis is a cross-sectional chart review study. We included all patients who haveundergone Knee Replacement (both unilateral and bilateral – both primary andrevision) within the past five years. The study was conducted in the OrthopedicsdepartmentatKingAbdulazizMedicalCity (KAMC) inRiyadh,SaudiArabia,whichisa tertiaryhospital.Thetotalnumberofpatients includedwas204patients.Dataweregatheredfromadmissionnotes,nursingnotes,operativereportanddischargesummary.Afterdatacollectionwascomplete,SPSSV20wasused.Pvalueof=<0.05wasconsideredsignificant.WedividedthedataintounilateralTKRandbilateralTKRgroups.DifferentstatisticaltestswereusedincludingANOVA,correlationsandT-tests.

ResultsAtotalof204patientswere included in thischart reviewstudy.Of thosepatients,49(24%)weremalesand155(76%)werefemales.Themeanagewas70.1yearsformales(SD±9.4).Andforfemalesthemeanagewas62.7years(SD±8).RegardingthetypeofKR,163(79.9%)patientshadunilateraland41(20.1%)hadbilateralKR.Ofthe204patientsincludedinthisstudyonly9patients(4.4%)hadanormalBMI(18.5to<25).Overweightpatients(BMI25to<30)represented18.1%.ObesityclassI(BMI30to<35)andobesityclassII(BMIfrom35to<40)werepresentin23%and29.9%ofthepatients,respectively.Morbidobesity(BMIgreaterthan40)waspresentin24.5%ofthepatients.Themeandurationofsurgerywas126.3minutes(SD±30.8)forunilateralKR and 216.6minutes (SD ±55.4) for bilateral KR.Themean length of stay in thehospitalwas12days(SD±4.9).Thecomplicationsthatpatientshadaftertheoperation


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included2patients(1%)whodevelopedDeepVenousThrombosis(DVTs),2patients(1%)developedsurgicalwoundinfectionsandnonehadpulmonaryembolism(PE).Inourstudywefoundthatpatients’characteristics(includingage,gender,BMIandco-morbidities)donothaveaneffectontheoperativedurationofkneereplacementnorthelengthofhospitalstay.Theeffectsofpatients’characteristicsonthecomplicationsandkneereplacementrevisionratecouldnotbeassessedbecausethenumbersweretoosmalltodoappropriatestatisticalanalysis.

ConclusionKRisasafeandcost-effectiveprocedurethatalleviatespainandimprovesfunction.Therelationshipbetweenpatients’demographicsandoutcomeofKRisstillnotclear.Our study shows thatpatients’ characteristicsparticularly theBMIdonot increasetheoperativetimeanddonotprolongthehospitalstay.WerecommendthatlargerandcontrolledstudiesshouldbedonetobetterassessthistopicespeciallyinSaudiArabia.

A-03

Evaluation of the perception of the undergraduate medical students about the role of PBL

Abdullah Saddiq Al Maghrabi, Dr. Andleeb Arshad

ObjectiveToconductastudytoevaluativetheperceptionsofundergraduatemedicalstudentsat King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz for Health Science university about problem baselearning(PBL)

Study DesignCrosssectionalsurvey.

MethodologyThisstudyconductAtKingSaudbinAbdul-AzizUniversityforHealthScience(KSAU-HS),Riyadh,KingdomeofSaudiArabia(KSA).Allphase3medicalstudentsatKSAU-HSwereselected.Thisincluded3batches(batch5,6and7)thetotalnumberofstudentswere118students,allofthemwereSaudis.33ofthemwerepostgraduatesandtherestareundergraduates(highschoolgraduate).


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ResultsAtotalof102studentsparticipatedandfilledthequestioner;theresponseratewasalmost86%.Theparticipant rate inbatch6medical studentwas (100%) , batch5(81%)andbatch7(80%).Theresultshowedthat60students(59%)agreedthatPBLisimprovingtheirdiagnosticdecisionmakingskills.MorethanhalfofstudentsagreedthatPBLhashelpedtoimprovetheirthinkingprocessandproblemsolving.Halfofstudentsagreedthatthelevelofproblemswereatstudentlevel.Conclusion Basedon studentperceptions, PBL is improvingdiagnosticdecisionmaking skills,communicationskillsandthinkingprocess.Butthisresultlimitedtophase3studentsatKASU-HSsofurtherstudieswithlargersampleinmorefacilitiesareneeded.

A-04

Prevalence of low back pain among medical practitioners in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh

Ahmad Ali Batarfi, Sami Al Eissa

IntroductionCommonlowbackpain(LBP)isoneofthemostimportantMSS.ManystudiesshowedthatLBPhashigherprevalenceamongmedicalpractitioners thananyotherMSS .In1998,intheUnitedKingdom,thedirecthealthcarecostofbackpainwas£1632millionandthecostofinformalcareandrelatedproductionlosses£10668million.

MethodologyThis isacross sectional studywhichwasconducted inKingFahadNationalGuardHospital (KAMC) inRiyadh.The study includedamultinational teamofphysicians,surgeons,nurses,paramedicsandothermedicalpractitioners.WeexcludedfromthestudytheretiredmedicalpractitionersandthosewhoarenotpracticingclinicalworkatKingFahadNationalGuardHospital(KAMC)

ResultsThemeanageofparticipantswas33.5years±9.6.themaleswere121(71.2%)andthefemaleswere49(28.8%).thesamplecontained114(65.9%)questionnairesfromDoctorsand59(34.1%)fromotherhealthcareprofessionals.Thelifetimeprevalenceofbackpainamongallparticipantswas83.9%(146).Whenmeasuringthedisability


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causedbybackpainwefoundthat135(92.5%)hadaminimaldisability,10(6.8%)hadmoderatedisabilityandonly1(.7%)hadseverdisability.

ConclusionThere is High prevalence of back pain but only .7% needs detailed investigationandtreatment.Approximately1in4visitsaphysicianforthebackpainandhalfofthemtakeasickleave.Thereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenprofessionsintheprevalencebutotherhealthprofessionalshavemorephysicianvisits.

A-05

Effects of antenatal education on primigravida perception of labor- cohort study in KAMC in Riyadh

Ahmed Mohammed Al Jaloud, Hanan Al Kadri

IntroductionWomenalwaysneededtobepreparedforchildbirth.Theaimofthisstudyistoidentifythe effect of antenatal education on primigravidwomenperception of childbirth.Whatmakethisstudy important is thatsaudipopulation isunder lotsof inheritedsocial, spiritual, and traditional influences that may result in false perceptions ofchildbirth.

MethodsThis study is following a prospective cohort study design comparing two groups.GroupA in thestudywas followed fromtheclinicwhere theywereeducatedandweregivenaquestionnaireafterthedelivery.GroupBwereprimigravidwomenwhoweregivenaquestionnairepost-partumlybutdidnotattendANCclinicordidnotreceiveANE.Thesamplesizeis250primigravida,69ofthemingroupAand181ingroupB.

ResultsMostofwomeningroupAfoundtheANEclasshelpful.But,therewasnodifferenceinpriorlevelofknowledgebetweenthetwogroups.Therewasadifferenceinthesourceofknowledgebetweenthetwogroups.Mostofthosewhoattendedusedmethodsto facilitate delivery.Walking and breathing were used the most with significantdifferencebetweenthetwogroups.Therewasdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsintheoutcomeofthechildbirth.GroupAhadsignificantlylessC/Ss.therewasnootherdifferenceinmaternal,delivery,andneonataloutcomesbetweenthetwogroups.


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Discussion and ConclusionANEwasfoundtoaffectperceptionoflaborinreducinganxiety,increasingsatisfactionofthelaborprocessandtheoverallperceptionoflabor.Italsowasfoundtoincreasetheabilitytouserelaxationandbreathingtechniques.Ontheotherhand,ANEdidn’taffectpainperceptionortheabilitytocopewithpain.ANEwasreportedbeneficialbymostofpirmigravidwomeningroupA.

A-06

Factors contributing to low birth weight deliveryBader Saud Al Othman, Hanan Al Kadri

BackgroundLowbirthweight(LBW)hasbeendefinedbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)asweightatbirthoflessthan2,500grams(5.5pounds).Lowbirthweightisamajorriskfactorforshortandlongterminfantmorbidityandmortality.Withtheadvanceofhealthcareprovided,socioeconomicstatusandfemaleeducation,weexpectedachangeintheriskfactorsassociatedwiththedevelopmentofLBWinourpopulation.Weplannedtoconductthisresearchtoanswerthefollowingquestion:whataretheriskfactorsthatleadtoLBW.

MethodsQuestionnairesweredistributedtothepregnantwomenwhowerebeingfollowedup in theobstetrics andgynecology clinic in KingAbdulazizMedical City, Riyadh,SaudiArabiaandaccepted tocontribute to the research tocollectantenataldata.Then, their fileswere collectedafterdelivery to look for intrapartum,delivery andneonatalinformation.

ResultsOut of 200 questionnaires distributed, we were able to collect 170 post-partuminformation.Outof 170pregnantwomenwhowere followingup in the clinic, 13womendeliveredlowbirthweightinfants.Themeanbirthweightwas3097.37gm.OurdatashowedthatwomenwhodeliveredLBWinfantsaresignificantlyyounger,have less parity, gravida and number of living children. There was a significantassociation betweenmaternal bronchial asthma and LBWdelivery.The data alsoshowedasignificantassociationbetweentwinpregnancyandthedevelopmentofLBW.Our study showed that thegestational age for LBW infantswas significantlylower than normalweight infants and that theywere less frequently admitted at


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nurseriesandmorefrequentlyadmittedatIntensiveCareNursery(ICN).

ConclusionThisstudyestablishedriskfactorsfoundintheliteratureandwasthefirststudyonlowbirthweightinKAMC.Wedorecommendsimilarstudieswithlargersamplestobedoneinourpopulationinthefuture.

A-07

HLA mismatching and PRA in renal transplanted patients at King Abdul-Aziz Medical CityBassam Faris Al Hassan, Salem QurashiIntroductionPanelReactiveAntibody(PRA)isatestusedtodetectanti-HLAantibodiesinpatientswho are undergoing transplantation. A high PRA level suggests a low chance offindingamatchingorganwhileanegativePRAsuggeststhatapatientisatlowriskofdevelopingrejectiontothetransplantedorgan.Theaimofthisstudyistoinvestigatethe development of PRA post-transplantation in patients who underwent renaltransplantationwiththerelationtoHLAmismatching.

MethodsThis isa retrospectivestudy,analyzing informationon71patientswhounderwentrenaltransplantationatKingAbdulazizMedicalCity,Riyadh.DemographicaswellasHLAinformationwereobtainedfromallpatients.

ResultsMajorityofourpatientshadhighHLAmismatching,only10%hadeitherzerooronemismatch.WecomparedtheHLAmismatchesbetweenpatientswhomtransformedfrom negative PRA pre transplantation to positive PRA post transplantation withpatientswhomwerenegativeandcontinuedtobenegativeposttransplantation.Wefoundthat85%ofpatientswhomtransformedfromnegativePRAtopositivePRAhadeither5or6mismatches(OR10.5,CI95%,1.5-71,p=0.018).

Discussion Since HLA matching in renal transplantation is one of the major factors for theproduction of anti HLA antibodies, which affect graft survival, increased risk ofrejectionisnoticedtoberelatedtohigherproductionofantibodiesseeninhigherHLAmismatching.


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WefoundthatHLAmatchingwasverypoorinthestudiedsample.Majorityofcases(90%), had 2 or more mismatches. We also found an association between highproductionofanti-HLAantibodiesandpoormismatchinginourstudiedsample.

A-08

Frequency and characteristics of salivary gland tumors presenting at KAMC Riyadh

Eyad Hussain Gutub, Abdulaziz Bin Ahmed

IntroductionSalivary Gland tumors are relatively a rare disease, where major salivary glandmalignanciescomprisearound11%ofalloropharyngealneoplasms.1Andapproximately3–10%ofallheadandnecktumors.2Benignsalivaryglandtumorsaccountfor54–79%.Whilemalignantsalivaryglandtumorsaccountfor21–46%.

MethodsThe studywas conducted at KingAbdulazizMedical City- Riyadh, basedon casespresented topathology lab forbiopsy.We includedallpatients treated from2000to2011withsalivaryglandtumors.Thedatawascollectedfromthemedicalrecorddepartmentonastructureddatacollectionsheet.ThedatawasenteredandanalyzedusingSPSS.AlltherecordswascollectedonastructureddatacollectionsheetandeditedbeforeenteringintotheSPSSfile.

ResultsAtotalof46caseswerefoundinKAMCRiyadh.Themalepatientswere24(52.2%),whilethefemalepatientswere22(47.8%).Themostaffectedglandwastheparotidgland35(76.1%).Thenthesubmandibulargland10(21.7%).Andlastthesublingualgland1(2.2%).Mostofthetumorswerebenign42(91.3%).Andonly4(8.7%)weremalignant.Inthebenigntumorsthemostcommontypewasthepleomorphicadenoma31(67.4%).Thenthewarthin’stumor9(19.6%).Theanlagetumorandthemyoepitheliomahad1(2.2%)each.Forthemalignant2(4.3%)casesweremuco-epidermoidcarcinoma.Theaciniccellcarcinomaandthemyoepithelialcarcinoma1(2.2%)caseeach.Equaldistributionbetweenleftandrightside(50%each).Only 2 (4.3%) cases required radiotherapy in addition to the surgery. The rest 44(95.7%)didn’trequireanyadditionalprocedures.


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39(84.8%)casescontinuedfollowingupinKAMCafterthedischarge.Allofthe39casesdidn’thaverecurrenceandtheywerecured.Only4 (8.7%)caseswere frompediatricagegroupwhile the rest42 (91.3%)wereadults.

ConclusionWesharesimilarcharacteristicswithdifferentpartsoftheworldsincewehavesamecommonsubtypes.Mostofthepatientsdon’tneedadditionalprocedures.SalivaryGlandTumorshavegoodprognosis.

A-09

Attitude and knowledge of healthcare providers in a major medical institute in Saudi Arabia to medical ethics.Faisal Abdullah Abuabat, Hamdan JahdaliIntroductionMedicalethicsisdefinedasthemoralconductandprinciplesthatgovernthemedicalprofessionalbehavior.Itisimportanttorecognizethepresenceofethicalissuesanddeterminetheirrelativeimportanceandhowtodealwiththeseissues.Ouraimwastoassesstheknowledgeofhealthcareproviders inatertiarycarehospital inSaudiArabiaoncommonethicalissuestheyfaceintheirdailypractice.

MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire completedbyalldoctorsworkinginKingAbdulazizMedicalCity(KAMC)whowereselectedbyconveniencesamplingdirectlyduringsymposiaandconferences.

ResultsAtotalof240questionnaireweredisributedtophysicianand210questionnairetonurses.The reponse ratewas 80% for both groupswith 200 phycican respondersand168nursesresponders.Amongthephysicans,68%(136)weremaleand(90%)amongnurses were female.. Themeanageof thewholegroupwas34.08±10.43years.Only69%(138)ofthephysicianseverreceivedanyformalteachinginbioethics.Themajority of physicans (77.5%) felt that they needed better guidelines to helpthemdetermineappropariteethicaldecisionsontherapeuticfutility,while54%ofthephysiciansfeltthattheysometimesovertreattheirpatients.


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Discussion & ConclusionTheresultsshowthatagoodnumberofphysiciansshowlackofknowledgeinregardstocertainethicalissuesandclearlythereisalackofbioethicsteachingtohealthcareprovidersintheKingdomofSaudiArabia.Moreover,thereseemstobeaneedforauniformethicsteachingtohealthcareproviders,notonlyduringmedicalschoolbutalsoaftergraduationandduringclinicalrounds

A-10

Incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in King Abdulaziz Medical City from2001-2009

Faisal Ahmed Al Zahrani, Ibrahim Al Alwan

Introduction CongenitalHypothyroidism(CH)canbedefinedasaninadequatethyroidhormoneproduction in infants. It is regarded as the most preventable cause of mentalretardation.ScreeningforcongenitalhypothyroidismisdoneinSaudiArabiaaspartoftheroutinescreeningforallnewborns.Screening isdoneusingcordTSHlevels,withlevelsabove60µIU/mLconsidereddiagnosticforcongenitalhypothyroidism.

Methods Thiswasaretrospectivestudy,usingchartreviewmethodoflabrecordsandmedicalrecordsofallnewbornswithTSHlevelsabove60µIU/mL.Labrecordswerereviewedfor all newborns with TSH levels above 60 µIU/mL. Themedical records of thesesubjectswerereviewedforsubtypesandmajorsignsandsymptoms.

ResultsOf72,586newbornsinKingAbdulazizMedicalCityinRiyadh,SaudiArabiascreenedin the period between 2001-2009, 34 cases of CHwere identified and confirmed.Thisfigureleavesuswithanincidenceof1:2135.ThemostcommonsubtypesinthisstudywereDyshormonogenesis (35%) followedbyanectopic thyroidgland (30%)thenMaternal antibodies (22%).TheDyshormonogenesis is theonly subtype thatisautosomallyinherited.ConsanguinitycanexplainDyshormonogenesisprevalencecomparedtoothersubtypeswhicharemoresporadic.MostcasesofCHpresentwithno signsand symptoms,due to the left-overmaternal supplyof thyroidhormonein the fetus. Of thosewho exhibited signs or symptoms, themost common ones


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includedconstipation(32%)followedbyJaundice(29%)andbradycardia(21%).Thenewborns with CH exhibited normal weight and height compared to the normalpopulation,whichalsocanbeexplainedbymaternalsupplementationofthethyroidhormone,alongwiththefactthatthyroiddoesn’tplayamajorroleinintra-uterinegrowthofthefetus.

Conclusion CongenitalHypothyroidismhasanincidenceof1:2135inthisstudy,whichisconsideredrelativelyhigh.ThemostcommonsubtypesinthisstudywereDyshormonogenesis(35%) followedbyanectopic thyroidgland (30%)thenMaternalantibodies (22%).MostCHnewbornspresentwithnosignsandsymptomssuggestiveofthedisease.

A-11

Characteristics of renal transplant recipients at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City

Hamad Yousef Al Thiyab, Salem Qurashi

IntroductionRenal transplantation is the ultimate treatment for patients with end stage renaldisease. Renal failure is caused by many factors including autoimmune diseases,diabetes, hypertension and others (1). The aim of this study was to investigatecharacteristics of patientswhounderwent renal transplantation at KingAbdulazizMedicalCity.

MethodsThisisaretrospectivestudy,analyzinginformationon147patientswhounderwenta renal transplant at KingAbdulazizMedical City, Riyadh.Demographic aswell asdiagnosisof renal failure, typeof transplantationanddialysiswerecollectedonallpatients.

ResultsA total of 147 patientswere studied retrospectively using data from patient files.Femaleswere47%andmales53%.Meanageattransplantwas42±15yearsforthetotal group. Theunderlying causeof renal failurewasmainlyhypertension (51%)followedbydiabetes(18%).Thetransplantsweremostlyfromlivingunrelatedkidneydonors.Majorityofthepatientswereonhemodialysisbeforetransplant(59%).


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Discussion Thisstudyshowsthatthetransplantedpatientswithrenalfailureweremainlymiddleaged. The majority of the patients suffered from hypertension. The modality oftreatmentbeforetransplant,formorethanhalfofthepatients,washemodialysis.Thelivingdonorsweremorethanthedeceaseddonors.

A-12

Survival of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with hyper–CVAD protocol at King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh

Hesham Saleh Mofada, Ahmed Alaskar

BackgroundAccording to Saudi Cancer Registry reported in 2007, which is the latest versionavailabletodate,237casesofLymphoidLeukemiaofbothsexeshavebeenreportedinSaudiArabia,whichconstitutes42%ofallnewlydiagnosedleukemia.TheHyper-CVAD protocol (which includes cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin anddexamethasone, alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine) is themosteffectivetreatmentofALLandwasassociatedwithbettercompleteremission(CR)rates,CRdurationandsurvival.WeplannedtostudytheeffectandoutcomeofourALLpatientswhoreceivedHyper-CVADregimenduringthepastfiveyears.

MethodsAllpatientstreatedwithhyper-CVADchemotherapywiththediagnosisofALLduringfive years period from January 2006 to December 2010 at the Adult Hematologydepartment of King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh and who were above 14yearsofagewereretrieved.Totalof24patientswere identifiedanddatacollectedretrospectively. ResultTherewere13patientsalive(54%)and11patientsdead(64%)andCRratewas100%without any death induction or refractory disease. However, the 3 years survivalratewas36%.Themedianfollowupperiodwas19.5monthsandmedianagewas25years.Furthermore, therewassignificantdifference intermofsurvivalbetweenpatientswitht(9.22)andrestofpatientsP-value:0.0229.


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ConclusionComparedwithpublishedstudies,the3yearssurvivalrateislessthanexpected.Thismaybeduetosmallnumberofpatients,elevatednumberofhigh-riskpatientsandshortmedianfollowuptime.

A-13Anti-tuberculosis therapy induced hepatitis in patients treated at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh

Hussain Abdullah Al Mulla, Ahmed Al Jabbary

Background & AimTuberculosis is a fairly common disease in our society.Multi drug resistant bacillinecessitatedthedevelopmentofcombinationdrugregimens.Whilebeingeffectivethese combinations have resulted in severe side effects. Most importantly is thehepatotoxiceffect.Studiesacrosstheglobeconcerningthishepatotoxicityhavecomeupwithconflictingresults.Thisandthelackoflocalstudiesgaveustheinitiativetogothroughwiththisresearchtostudyboththeimpactonourcommunityandidentifyriskfactors

MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of 150 patients that received tuberculosismedications between (1/1/2009 & 31/12/2011) and met our criteria. We appliedspecific criteria to identify hepatotoxic patients. We also gathered informationregardingthefollowing:age,gender,maritalstatus,employment,alcohol,smoking,weight,height,BMI,HIV,HBV,HCV,pretreatmentAST/ALT&bilirubin,posttreatmentAST/ALT&bilirubin,serumalbumin,serumtotalprotein,siteoftuberculosis.Datawasanalyzedbyapplyingthechi-square,studentt-testandfishersexactteststatistics

ResultsOutof the150patients included in the study,40developedhepatotoxicity (27%).Thefollowingvariables:lowserumalbumin(P=<0.001),HIV(P=0.02),unemployment(P=0.04)andmultipleriskfactors(P=0.03)wereobservedassignificantriskfactors.

ConclusionAntituberculosishepatotoxicityisofconsiderableimpactonourpatientpopulation.Patientsthatareunemployed,co-infectedwithHIV,havelowserumalbuminorhavemultipleriskfactorsareatahigherriskatdevelopingthishepatotoxicity.


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A-14

Risk factors and outcomes of community acquire MRSA infection among children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia

Mazin Saud Al Rasheed, Hanan Balkhy

BackgroundMethicillinresistantstaphylococcusaureus(MRSA)infectionisanimportantrapidlygrowing infection.Weaiminthisstudyto identifyprevalenceofpediatricpatientsadmitted to a tertiary care hospital with CA-MRSA infection, and to identify thepatternofinfectionscausedbyCA-MRSAinpatientadmittedtothishospital.

MethodologyIt isacrosssectionalstudyofretrospectivecollecteddataafterreviewingpatient’scharts.The researchwasconducted in thepediatricdepartmentofKingAbdalazizMedicalCity(KAMC).AllpediatricpatientswithpositivecultureforMRSAfrom(dec2009to dec 2011) was initially included, and all patients how fulfill the inclusioncriteriawereincludedinthefinalanalyses.

Results A total number of 160 MRSA isolates were identified from December 2009 toDecember2011usinginfectioncontroldatabase.53patientswereexcluded:27withHA-MRSA,10hadnoclinicalevidenceofdiseasesandreceivednoantibiotictherapy,andfileswerenot found for 16patients. SobydividingCA-MRSA/totalMRSA theprevalence of CA-MRSA= 107/160=66.8%.Most of the patients had skin and softtissueinfection(62.6presentedwithswilling).37.4ofthepatentshadfeverasoneoftheircomplaint.35.8%oftheMRSAinfectionshadclindamycinresistant,38.7%resistanttoerythromycin.Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazoleresistantwasobservedinonly3.8%.Allofthestudypopulationshowednoresistanttovancomycin.

ConclusionOurfindingthatCA-MRSArepresents66.8%oftotalMRSAemphasizetheimportanceofeducationofthepublicandhealthcareworkers inCA-MRSAepidemiology,andtheinfectionpreventionmethods.


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A-15

The prevalence and genotyping of human papilloma virus in women in King Abdul-Aziz Medical City, Riyadh

Mohammed Emaduldeen Mater, Abdulmohsen Al Kushi

IntroductionCervicalCancer isoneof themostcommoncancersworldwide. Itaccounts for5.2percentoftheglobalcancerburden.HPVisawell-knowncauseofCervicalCancerWorldwide. There are approximately 30 types of HPV that can infect the femaleanogenital tract, which have been divided into three risk groups based on theirpotentialriskofcausingcervicalcancer.ThemostcommoncauseofcervicalcanceroftheHPVistype16,followedbytypes18,45and31respectively.HPV16ismostlikelyassociatedwithsquamouscellcarcinoma,whileHPV18ismostlikelyassociatedwithadenocarcinoma.

ObjectivesTodeterminetheprevalenceofHPVandto identify theHPVtypes inwomenwithcervicalcancer/dysplasiainSaudiArabia.

MethodologyThis isadescriptive retrospective study inwhich theOncologyDataManagementand thePathologyDepartment archiveswere searched to retrieveall the casesofcervical cancer anddysplasia thatwerediagnosedand treatedatKingAbdul-AzizMedicalCity,RiyadhfromNovember1982throughDecember2007.Thepathologyreportsandtissuesamplesofallthecaseswerereviewedtoconfirmthediagnosis.Thesamplesthatarestoredproperly informalinfixedinparaffinembeddedtissueblocksunderwentDNAextraction.Afterward,HPVgenotypingwasdoneusing(SPF1/GP6+PCR)andthenhybridizationbygene-chipwasused.

ResultsThestudyincluded110patients.Ofthese,91(83%)wereHPVpositive.InindividualswhowereHPVpositiveithasbeenfoundthatHPVtype16wasthemostcommontype;accountingfor71(78%),WhileHPVtype18accountedfor15(16.5%)ofHPVpositiveindividuals.


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ConclusionIn conclusion, HPV infection is highly prevalent in patients with cervical canceranddysplasia.HPV16and18arethemostcommontypes.TheseresultsshowtheimportanceoferadicatingHPVbyvaccinationandscreeningprogramsaspreventivemeasuresinoursociety.

A-16

Physicians’ practices with regards to assessing children and adolescents for obesity

Mohammed Talal Al Damry, Fadia Buhairan

ObjectiveTo study physicians’ current practices with regards to assessing overweight andobesity inpediatricandadolescents.Theultimategoal isto improvethequalityofcareprovidedtopediatricandadolescentpatientsatKingAbdulAzizMedicalCityinRiyadh.

MethodsThisstudywasaretrospectivemedicalchartreview.Allchildrenandadolescentsaged6-14yearsvisitingeithertheprimarycareclinic(Kashmalaan)orGeneralPediatricsClinic(atKAMC-R)duringJanuary-June2012wereeligibletoparticipate.Becausethisagepopulationiscaredforbothintheprimaryandsecondary/tertiarycaresettings,exploring the practices in both settingswill aid in informing the development ofrecommendationsandpracticeguidelinesforhealthcareprovidersinbothsettings.Patients whose chief complaints were obesity-related were excluded. Specificvariables were identified from the medical records and included demographics,heightandweight,andmanagement.Thebodymass index (BMI) foreachpatientwascalculatedandplottedontheCDCBMIcharts.Ap-valueof<0.05wasconsideredasstatisticallysignificant.TheDatawasenteredandanalyzedusingSPSSv18.0.

ResultsAtotalof552childrenandadolescentsvisited theprimaryhealthcarecenterandpediatricsclinics.Heightwasnotdocumentedfor71patients(13%)andtheywereexcludedfromtheanalysis.Thetotalsamplesizewas481patientswith213patientsfromtheprimarycarecenterand268 fromthepediatricsclinic.Onehundredandthreepatientswere foundtobeoverweight\obesebasedonplottingtheirBMIon


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chartscreatinga21%prevalenceofoverweight/obesity.Thirty fourpatients (16%)were found to be overweight/obese in the primary care center and sixty nine(26%) in the pediatrics clinic.Thirty-four of these patients (33%)were seen at theprimary healthcare center and 69 patients (67%) in the pediatrics clinic. Amongthese overweight\obese patients, only 17 patients (17%)were correctly identified(p=0.002). Threepatients (10%) and fourteenpatients (20%)were identified andmanagedinprimaryhealthcarecenterandpediatricsclinicrespectively(p=0.114).Ofthosecorrectlyidentified,14patients(82%)weremanaged.Alloftheoverweight\obesepatientsseenattheprimarycareweremanagedwhereasonly11patients(79%)weremanagedinpediatricsclinic.Nosignificantassociationwasfoundbetweentheidentificationofoverweight/obesityandpatientageorgender.

ConclusionOverweight/obesity is a prevalent condition among children and adolescents.Physiciansdonotidentifythisconditioninthemajorityofpatients.Increasedeffortsarenecessaryfortheearlyidentificationandmanagementofoverweight/obesity.

A-17

Pathological variation of pediatric head and neck tumors in tertiary center

Naif Abdullah Al Amer, Abdulaziz Bin Ahmed

BackgroundHeadandnecktumorshaveasignificantcauseofmorbidityandmortalityinpediatricpopulation.Tumorsareclassifiedasbenignandmalignant.Mostoftheheadandnecktumorsareinbenignconditions.Malignanttumorsarerare.Thereareonlyfewstudiesthathavebeenpublishedaboutheadandnecktumors.SuchdataarenotpublishedinSaudiArabia.Weplannedtoreportthefrequencyofeachtypeofpediatricheadandnecktumors.

MethodsA retrospective chart review study thatwas conducted at KingAbdulazizMedicalCityinRiyadh,SaudiArabia.Ofallpediatricpatientspresentedwithheadandnecklesion for biopsy during the period of January 1998 to December 2009. Patientswereidentifiedfromthepathologylab,datawascollectedfromthemedicalrecordsdepartment. Lesions were classified into four categories: fibro-osseous, cystic,


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vascular,neoplastic(benignandmalignant).Agewasdividedintofourgroups:(0–5),(6–10),(11-15)and(16-18).

ResultsTotalof88patientswereidentified,ranginginagebetween4monthsand18years,including 40males and 48 females.The overall gender ratiowas 1:1.2 in favor offemales. Benign lesions were more common (77.3%), malignant lesions counted(22.3%).Hemangiomawas found tobe themost common lesion (28.4%).Mostoftheselesionweremostcommonlyseeninthecervicalandlipsareacounting(40%).

ConclusionMostofthelesionshaveagoodprognosisanddon’trequireanyadditionalprocedures.This studywould provide the clinicianswithmore reliable data andhelp them inreachingthediagnosisoftheseheadandnecklesions.

A-18

Grand multiparity and feto-maternal and neonatal outcome

Rami Abdulkader Akkielah, Hanan Al Kadri

BackgroundGrandmultiparouswomen (Para ≥5) have been considered to be at a higher riskto develop maternal, fetal and neonatal complications compared to women oflesserparity.However, this relationshipbetweengrandmultiparityandobstetricalcomplicationshasbeen controversial. Saudipopulationhasbeen found tohaveafertilityratehighenoughtostigmatizeitasahighriskpopulation.Therehasn’tbeenanypreviousstudytargetingtheSaudipopulation.

ObjectiveToidentifytheassociationbetweendifferentfeto-maternalandneonataloutcomesandpresenceofmaternalgrandmultiparity.

MethodsThemedical recordsof151grandmultiparouswomen(parity>5)and212womenwithparityof2to4waschosenwerereviewed.


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ResultsGrandMultiparagrouptendedtohaveasignificanthigherage(P<0.001),asignificanthighertendencytoabortions(P=0.02),asignificanthighertendencytoirondeficiencyanemiawith(P=0.03)andaboarderlinesignificanthighertendencytohypertension(P=0.07),moremultiplepregnancies(P=0.005).MultiparawomenneonatestendedtorequiremoreinitialresuscitationeffortwithP=0.001.

A-19

Effect of training ultrasonographers in detection of congenital heart disease

Sulaiman Ibrahim Al Hifzi, Fahad Al Habshan

ObjectivesTheaimofthisstudywastoevaluatetheeffectoftrainingobstetricultra-sonographersin fetal echocardiography on the antenatal detection of congenital heart disease(CHD)inatertiarycarecenterinSaudiArabia.

MethodsAll9obstetric sonographershad training indetectingCHD inearly2006, thedatawere collected 3 years before and after the training for the assessment of theeffectoftrainingontheantenataldetectionofCHDinthetertiarycarecenter,all9sonographerswereinterviewed.

ResultTherewasasignificantriseinantenataldetectionofCHDfrom13%(19/141)beforetrainingto23%(29/125)aftertraining(p=0.03).all9sonographersshowedincreaseimprovement innumberof viewsof the fetal heart, knowledgeand in comfort inusingultrasoundmachines.

ConclusionImplementation of a training program to Obstetric sonographers in scanningthe fetalhearthas amajor role in anantenataldiagnosisofCHDwhichalters theoutcome.Therefore,werecommendtheestablishmentofawell-structuredprograminscanningthefetalheartforsonographersinKAMC-Riyadhandelsewhereintertiarycarecentersandcenterswithobstetricsonographers.


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A-20

Prevalence of Energy Drinks Consumption among College Students and theirEffects on Health

Muahan M. Al Nemary, Supervisor. Or. Amani Al Muallem

BACKGROUND:EnergydrinksareverypopularamDrgSaudiyoLrgadLitpopulatiorsirce1957debLtDf Res BLII, leaderof energydrinkmarket. Energydrinks, includingRedBull, Bisor,CoceRecardPowerHorsearedesignedto increasedmentalandphysicalexertionprovided by the combination of stirnularts which irclLce caffeire. OBJECTIVES: Toexplore consumption patterns of energy drinks among college student and todetermine if there are any relationships between energy drinks consumption andhealthsymptoms.

METHODOLOGY:Acrosssectionaldescriptwestudydesignwasadoptedinthisstudy.Thestudywascarriedout indifferentuniversities (KSAUHS,UQU, IbnSinaUniversity,KSU,KUU).Students(agefrom1B-3Dyears)wereirclucecwithdifferentspecialties.

RESULTS:Total number of 497 medical students were enrolled in this study. Majority ofparticipantswerebetweentheagesof21and24years.Resultsshowedthatmalestend to consume energy drinks more than females with (P-value= D.DD1). Aninterestingsignificantcorrelationwithenergydrinkconsumptionisshownintermsof typeof college,Medicine students at KSAUHSaremore likely to adapt energydrinkscomparedtotheothercollegestudents.Studentsindicatedthatsuchdrinkshelpthemwhiletheyarestudyingorcompletingaproject(35%).Theystatedthatitkeepthemawake(43%).Alsostudentsthinkthatitistastywithpercentof(43%)anditgivesthemgoodfeeling,othersuseitforpartyingandgatheringwiththeirfriends.Theyalso think that ithelps themduringdrivingat longdistances.Also, themostnotablevariablewassmokingwhichindicatedagreat impacttowardenergydrinkconsumptionamongstudent.Regardingthesideeffectsthatstudentsexperiencedfrom consuming the EnergyDrinks, Heart Palpitation is found in highpercentage(4B%)followedbyheadache(25%).AlsoresultsassuredthatthemoreyouconsumedEnergyDrinksthemoreyoubecomeaddidted(Pvalue=.DO)eitheronadailybasisoronamonthlybasis.


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CONCLUSION:Theprevalenceofenergydrinkcorsumptieir amongour student is veryhigh.Thisshouldbeputintoconsideration,facultymembersandHealthcareprovidersshouldbemore aware of this prevalence and work on the prevention and education ofthestLcerts.Authoritiesshoulcrestrictthe-falseadvertisementandtoregulatethemarketingofenergydrinks.ThemediashoulderlighterpeopleaboutthesiceeffectsandtheharmfulimpactofCDTSLmirgsuchdrinks.

A-21

Sleep questionnaires and clinical features as predictive for the diagnosis of Obstructive sleep apnea

Abdulaziz Ibrahim Al Alwan, Hamdan Al Jahdali

IntroductionObstructivesleepapnea(OSA)isadisorderofbreathingduringsleepcharacterizedbycompleteorpartialupperairwayobstruction.WeaimedtoestablishavalidscreeningtoolforOSAriskinSaudipopulation.

MethodologyThisisaretrospectivestudy.Weincludedallpatientsabove18yearsoldwhowerereferredforsleepstudyattheSleepDisordersCenterinKingAbdulazizMedicalCity-Riyadh(KAMC)fromJune2003toNovember2012.Allpatientshadsleepapneariskquestionnaires.Atotalof1017patientswererecruitedforthestudy.

ResultsSeventy-ninepercenthadpositiveNeckcircumference>40cminmaleand>36cminfemale, (78.3%)hadobesity (BMI≥30Kg/m2), (43.7%)hadapnea–hypopnea index(AHI) above 15/h, (32.4%) had history of diabetes and (41.3%) had Hypertension.Some factorswere associatedwithOSA such as age (p= 0.001),male gender (p<0.001),positivenecksize(p<0.001),obesity(p=<0.001),andhypertension(p=0.005).IncomparisonbetweenNon-OSAPatientsandOSAPatientsthatshowedpositivenecksize,obesity,historyofDMandHypertensionwereassociatedwithOSA(p=0.001).FemalegenderwassignificantlyassociatedwithOSA(p=0.002).EPSQuestionnaire(EpworthSleepingScale)andcoronaryarterydiseaseweresignificantlyassociatedwithOSA(p=0.005)and(p=0.006),respectively.TherewasnosignificantassociationbetweenAsthma,COPD,Pulmonaryhypertension,heartfailureandOSA.


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ConclusionNecksize,obesityandAge>50aresignificantlyassociatedOSA,alongwithpresenceofco-morbities:DM,Hypertension,Berlinquestionnairewashighly sensitivewhiletheSTOP-BANGquestionnairewashighlyspecific.

A-22

Awareness of Saudi adult females regarding omportance of folic acid in avoiding spina bifida and other neurological birth defectsAbdulaziz Sultan Al Shenaifi, Mohammed Al JumahBackgroundNeuralTubeDefects(NTD’s)areseriousandoftenfatalconditionsfornewbornbabies,that are large preventable through periconceptional folic acid supplementation.Localdataonwomenawarenessoffolicacidimportanceislimitedandthefindingsareinconsistent.

Objectives Theobjectivesof thecurrent studywere tomeasure thepublicawarenessof folicacidamongSaudifemalesofchildbearingageandtoexaminetheassociationofself-reportedknowledgewiththeactualcorrectknowledgeandbehavior.

Methods Across-sectionalstudywasdonebetweenJanuaryandJune2013.Aquestionnairewasdistributedtoadultfemalesworkingin/attendingdifferentpublicplacesinthefivedistrictsofRiyadh,SaudiArabia.

ResultsA total of 206Saudi females completed the studyquestionnaire.Theaverageagewas28.5±7.9years.Approximately71%oftheparticipantswereawareoffolicacidwith73%of themknew itsprotectiveeffects against spinabifida. Theawarenesswasassociatedwithbettereducation,olderage,andbeingcurrentlyorpreviouslymarried. Approximately 60% of the participants who heard of folic acid claimedthey take sufficientamountof folic acidbut themajority (61%)didnot start theirmultivitaminspreconceptionally. Self-reportedhigher knowledgewas significantlyassociatedwith identificationof thecorrect foodsourcesandprotectiveeffectsoffolicacid.Themainsourceof informationaboutfolicacidwashealthcareproviders(43%)followedbyfamilymembersorfriends(35%),internet(29%),T.V.&radio(18%),educationinschoolandUniversity(12%)andsocialmedia(9%).


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Conclusion Although we are reporting a good awareness of folic acid, the majority of theparticipants missed the right timing of starting folic supplementation. The studyfinding emphasizes the importance of pre-conceptional counseling and officeeducationinimprovingtheknowledgeandintakeoffolicacidamongSaudiwomenofchildbearingage.

A-23

Characteristics of hospital acquired methecillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infection among pediatric patients in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Khalid Ahmad Al Rabiah, Sulaiman Al Ola

IntroductionMethcillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has been steadilyincreasing.ItisdividedintoeitherHA-MRSAorCA-MRSAbasedontimeofculture.Childrenareathigherriskofinfectionthanadults.TherearenotenoughstudiesinSaudiArabiatostudythecharacteristicsofHA-MRSAinchildren.

Aim and ObjectivesWeaimtoassesssomecharacteristicsofHA-MRSAlike:riskfactors,culturesite,clinicalmanifestations, complications andoutcome amongpediatric patients in a tertiarycarehospitalinRiyadh.

MethodsThis isaretrospectivechartreviewstudy:caseseries.Wetookallpatientsequalorundertheageof14yearold,whowereculturepositivebetween1stJanuary2009to31stDecember2011.Weusedtimeofculture(˃72hrofadmission)todifferentiatebetweenCA-MRSAandHA-MRSA.Thefinalsamplesizewas39patients.

Results and DiscussionWe found thatHA-MRSA to bemore common inmales and thosewith some riskfactorslike:previoussurgeryandprevioushospitalization.Theycommonlyhadsepsisandmostlyculturedwithblood.TheyhadahighPICUadmissionrate.Aboutaquarterofthemwereeitherdiedorrecoveredwithsomecomplication.


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ConclusionHA-MRSAisaninfectionthatcancauseseriouscomplicationsandhighrateofPICUadmissions. Certain clinical manifestations like: shock are associated with highermortalityandmorbidityrate.SpecialcareshouldbegiventothoseadmittedtoPICU,astheyhaveahighmortalityandmorbidityrate.

A-24

Hereditary neurometabolic causes of infantile spasms in infants presenting to a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Abdullah Al Shaya, Muhammad Al RifaiIntroductionInfantilespasmssyndromeisadevastatinginfantileepilepticsyndromewithvariableetiology.Oneof the rarer causesof this syndromeareHereditaryNeurometabolicDisorders (HNMDs)whichare inheritedmorecommonly inanautosomalrecessivepattern. Since theSaudipopulationhas ahigh rateof consanguineousmarriages,theaimofthisstudywastoidentifyHNMDsasacauseofinfantilespasmsinpatientspresentingtoatertiarycenterinSaudiArabia.

MethodologyThestudyisretrospectivechartreviewcaseseriesstudyofcasesofinfantilespasmspresentedtothePediatricDepartmentatKingAbdulazizMedicalCity(KAMC)-Riyadhover15years(1995-2010).Studysubjectsincludedpatientslessthan2yearsofageattimeofdiagnosiswithseizuretypeandEEGpatternconsistentwithInfantilespasms.Dataispresentedasfrequencyandpercentageforcategoricalvariablesandmedian(interquartilerange)forcontinuousvariables.Wecomparedneurometaboliccauseswithothercausesusingstatisticalanalysistestsforbothcontinuousandcategoricalvariables,withapvalue<0.05consideredtobestatisticallysignificant.

ResultsDuringthestudyperiod,80casesofinfantilespasmswereidentified.TheetiologyofHNMDswaspresentin10cases(12.5%).Ofthesecases,twowereLeigh-likedisease;andtheresthadonecaseofeachofthefollowingdiagnoses:EthylmalonicAcidura,Primary carnitine deficiency, Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia, Hyperinsulinemichypoglycemia, Leukodystrophy, Short Chain AcylCoA Dehydrogenase deficiency(SCAD), Molybdenum cofactor deficiency, and neonatal hypoglycemia due topanhypopitutarism.Afterreviewingtheliterature,infantilespasmswiththeetiology


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ofmolybdenumcofactordeficiency,primarycarnitinedeficiency,SCADwithnobrainmalformationandhypoglycemicbraininjuryduetopanhypopitutarismarereportedforthefirsttime.Comparedwiththeotheretiologygroups,theHNMDsgrouphadastronghistoryofsimilardiseaseinthesamefamily(p=0.002)andconasanguinousparentswerepresentinthemajorityofcases(p=0.02).Also,typicalhypsarrhythmiapattern was more common in the HNMDs group (p =0.003) and there was poorresponsetotherapy(p=0.04).Therewasnostatisticaldifferencewithregardstothetypeofspasms,neuroimaging,outcome,anddeath.

ConclusionHNMDs are relatively common causes of infantile spasms compared to otheretiologiesinthissubpopulationofSaudipatients.Werecommendearlydiagnosisviapropermetabolicandgenetictestingwhichinturnmayhavesignificantimplicationonapplyingspecifictreatmentsandproperfamilycounseling.

A-25

Clinical features and Immunophenotypes of adult patients diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) at King Abdulaziz Medical City

Ahmad Faleh Al Faleh, Abdullah Al Qouzi

ObjectiveTheaimofthisresearchwastostudythedemographicsandpathologicalsubtypesofAML,evaluatetheresponseandoutcometodifferenttreatmentmodalitiesincludingchemotherapy treatment, stem cells transplant, and study the phenotype of themalignantcellsofeachsubtype.

MethodThiswasretrospectivestudyofadultpatientsdiagnosedwithAMLatKAMC,Riyadh,SaudiArabia,betweentheyears2006toSeptember2013.

Results Ninety-onepatientswereincludedinthestudywithamaledominance.M1wasthemost commonFAB subtype in thepopulationof the studywith 23 cases. Amongthe study population patientswith intermediate risk AMLwas themost commonsubgroupwith41(48%)Remissionrateinourstudywasfoundtobe84%,64%ofthem


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had relapsed. Themedian followupwas19months,with survival rateof 46% forallgroups.EighteenpatientshadbeentreatedwithAllogeneicstemcelltransplantandatamedianfollowupof17monthspost-transplantthesurvivalratewas72%.CD13,CD33,CD117showedthemostcommonpositivepresentingantigensamongthepopulation,whileCD2,CD4,CD7showedthemostcommonapparentlymphoidantigensexpressed.

ConclusionInourpopulation,91casesofAMLdiagnosedover theperiodof7yearsatKAMC,Riyadh with an incidence rate of 13 cases per year.Most of the cases lie in theintermediateriskgroup48%.Responsetoinductionchemotherapyisexceptionallyhigh inourpatientswitha total rateof84%.However thiswasnot translated intosurvivalbenefitinthosepatientsmainlybecauseofhighrelapserate64%.

A-26

Survival of patients with advanced Hodgkin’s lymphoma in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh

Ahmad Mohammed Al Ameer, Ahmed Alaskar

BackgroundTheoutcomeofHodgkin’sLymphoma(HL)hasimprovedmarkedlyoverthepastfewdecades.Theaimof this study is toassessour localexperienceandprotocolsatasingleinstitutionintreatingadvancedstageHL.

MethodFrom January 2007 to December 2010, all the patients age > 14 yearswhowerediagnosedasadvancedstageHL(bulk>7cm,presenceofB-symptoms,and/orstageIII/IV)andtreatedatKingAbdulazizMedicalcity-Riyadhwereidentified.Atotalof74patientswereretrospectivelyreviewed.

ResultThemedianageatdiagnosiswas25yearsand50%werepresentedwithstage IV.Themedianfollowupwas30.3months.Twenty-eightpercentofthepatients(28%)haddiseaseprogressionand15%ofthepatientsdied.The3-yearoverallsurvivalandprogression free survivalwere85%and72%, respectively.The survivalprobabilitydecreasedsignificantlywiththehighriskIPSpatientsincomparisontolowriskIPS


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patients(P=0.01).Tworegimens(ABVDandHybrid–ABVD+BEACOPP-)wereusedwith no significant difference in the overall survival and progression free survival(P=0.27andP=0.28respectively).

ConclusionThis studyshowsquite similar results to thepublished international studies in theoverallsurvivalandprogression-freesurvival.

A-27

Tarastzumab associated cardiac toxicity : who is at risk in Saudi Arabia? A single institution study

Shabab Mohammed Al Otaibi, Omalkhair Abulkhair

PurposeThere is a growing concern about the long-term effect of trastuzumab-inducedcardiotoxicity(TIC).Therefore,weretrospectivelyassessedtheincidenceofTICandheart failure (HF) to identify possible risk among a group of saudi breast cancerpatients.MethodsThisretrospectivecohortstudywasconductedtoreviewallHer2positivebreastcancerpatientstreatedatKingAbdulazizMedicalCityinRyadh,KSA,usingtrastuzumabintheadjuvantandmetastaticsettingsbetween2003and2012.Of150patients,104wereeligiblewithgoodqualityechocardiogramandbaselineLVEF>55%.Cardiacfunctionassessmentwasrepeatedevery3monthsbyechocardiogramthereafter.ResultsA total of 104Her2 positive breast cancer patientswere eligible for analysis,withmedianageof49yearsandrange(29->78y).ArelevantsignificantdeclineinLVEFwasobserved in16patients (15.38%)atameanexposureperiodof15months.AsignificantdifferenceinLVEFdeclinewasreportedbetweendiabeticandnondiabeticpatientstreatedwithherceptin,31.82%and10.98%respectively(p-value0.0161),aswellasin64.71%ofpatientsdiagnosedwithhypercholesrolemiacomparedto5.75%inthegroupofpatientswithnormalcholesterollevel(p-value0.0001).4/16sufferedCHF(25%).ThemedianBMIvalueis30.51(range25.47-34.01)P=0.56


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ConclusionsGiven the limitations of this small retrospective cohort review, the results havereported a significantly higher prevalence of trastuzumab induced cardio toxicity(TIC)amongyoung(median=45y)her2positivebreastcancersaudipatients.ThestudyhighlightedsignificantcorrelationbetweendiabetesandhyperlipidimiawithdevelopmentofTICconstitutingahighriskgroupofpatientswhomayneedtobecloselymonitoredforcardiotoxicity(P<0.05).

A-28

Burn out among medical students: A King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences’ experience

Ahmed Mohammed Al Juhayman, Sajida Agha

BackgroundTheaimof this study is todetermine theprevalenceofburnoutamongmaleandfemaleundergraduateentryandpostgraduateentrymedicalstudentsofCollegeofMedicine,KingSaudBinAbdulazizUniversityforHealthSciences-Riyadh.

MethodsAquestionnairetogetthedemographicinformationofthestudentsincludingage,gender, and class of studywas designed.TheMaslach Burnout InventoryGeneralSurveydevelopedbyMaslach&Jackson,a16-itemself-reportquestionnaire,awidelyusedmeasure of burnout was considered to assess the prevalence of burnout inmedicalstudents.

ResultsStudentswhocompletedthequestionnairewere211/340studentswitharesponserateof (62%),148/211 (70%)weremale,146/211 (69%)wereat thebasic sciencesphase,174/211(82%)wereundergraduates.Theprevalenceofburnoutwas168/211(80%). A significant difference betweenmale and female on the factor emotionalexhaustionwasfound(Chi-square=.002)thatshowsfemaleweremoreexhaustedthanmalecounterpart.Anothersignificantdifferencebetweenundergraduatesandpostgraduatesonthefactorofemotionalexhaustionwasfound(Chi-square=.001).


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ConclusionA high level of burnout was found among our population implying the need ofstudent’semotionalandpsychologicalcare.Furtherresearchstudiesonsimilarissueswithincollegeandinotherinstitutionsarerecommended.

A-29

Outcome and patient satisfaction after eye refractive surgery at National Guard comprehensive specialized clinics, Riyadh

Abdulmajed Saleh Al Fakhri, Khalid Al Jobair

Purpose To evaluate the short-term outcome and patient satisfaction after eye refractivesurgeryinSaudiArabia.

Methods Vision data (pre-operative BCVA and post-operative UCVA)was obtained from 96patients who underwent eye refractive surgery (55 LASIK and 33TPRK) and theywereaskedtofillaquestionnairepost-operationtoobtainpatientscomplainsandsatisfaction.Andadifferentpre-operativegroupof46patientswererequiredtofillupaquestionnairetoobtaindataregardingtheirreasonsbehindchoosingeyerefractivesurgeries.

Results A total of 97% of patients achieved complete correction after the eye refractivesurgeryandthesatisfactionratewas90%.Therewasasignificant(Pvalue=0.004)correlationbetweenvisioncorrectionandpatients’satisfaction.

ConclusionEyerefractivesurgeriesachievesahighvisioncorrectionratewith90%ofpatientsachievedcompletevisioncorrectionandpatientssatisfactionwasashighas90%intheshort-term.Introduction


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A-30

Compliance of health care professionals to guidelines in treating sickle cell crises in King Abdulaziz medical city in Riyadh

Ahmed Mansour Al Moallem, Ayman Hejazi

IntroductionPaincrisesisthemostcommonpresentationofsickledisease(SCD)whichleadstofrequentmultiplevisits toemergencydepartment (ER) seeking forpain relive.Theaimofthisstudyistoassessthedegreeofadherenceofhealthcareprofessionalstooneofthemostcommonlyusedtreatmentguidelineincasesofacutesicklecellcrisis.

MethodThiswasa retrospectivestudydoneon206visitofSCDpatients to theERofkingAbdul-AzizmedicalcityinRiyadhwithin2000to2010bycollectingdatainspecialdata collection sheet to compare the type of initial management given to therecommendedpropermanagementbytheguideline.

ResultOutof206visits70%ofpatientspresentedwithpainrecommendedinitialassessmentofpainsitewasnotdocumentedin15%,durationofpain24%,bloodpressure21%,respiratory rate 5%, oxygen saturation 3%, lab investigation 27%. Initial analgesiawasmorphine in 79%with96%given through iv route.Median timebetweenERadmission to initialmorphinedosewas90minute.Non-compliance regarding theinitialmorphinedosewasfoundin81%ofcases.

ConclusionComparing the given management of acute pain crises in ER to the guidelinesrecommendationsreveledlackofproperinitialassessment,Delayinadministrationofinitialdoseofanalgesiaandlackofcomplianceregardingloadingdoseofmorphine.

A-31

Saudi public awareness, attitude and practices of blood donation

Manar Abdulaziz Al Omani, Mostafa Abolfotouh, Mohammed Al Assiri, Al-Waleed Al-Johar, Abdulaziz Al Hakbani


Riyadh 201439

Objectives InSaudiArabia,voluntaryblooddonorsaretheonlybloodsourceofdonation.Aimof this studywas to assess the level of Saudi public knowledge and attitude andpracticesofblooddonation.

Methods Usingapreviouslyvalidatedquestionnairethatcomprises38questions,demographicand background characteristics, level of knowledge, attitudes and motivationstowards blood donation, 469 Saudi adults who attended the different shoppingmallsinRiyadh,andoutpatientclinicsofKingAbdulazizMedicalCityweresurveyed.DescriptiveandanalyticalstatisticswereappliedandSignificancewassetatP<0.05.

Results Aboutone-halfofsubjects(53.3%)reportedpreviousdonation,ofwhich39%donatedblood more than once. The knowledge percent mean score (PMS) was 58.07%denoting poor level, while attitude PMS towards donation was 75.45% reflectingneutral level.Donationwassignificantlymoreprevalentamongmales (66%versus13.3%,OR=13.2,p>0.001).Afteradjustmentforconfounders,higherknowledgescore(p=0.027),higherattitudescore(p=0.001)andmalegender(p<0.001)weresignificantpredictorsofblooddonationpractice.Inabilitytoreachblooddonationcentersandfearofanemiawerethemainreasonsfornotdonatingbloodinfemale(49.9%and35.7%),whilelackoftimewasthemainreasonformales(59.5%).

Conclusion Previous blooddonationwas less than satisfactory among Saudi public, probablydue tomisconceptions andpoor knowledge. Educational programs are necessarytoupgradethelevelofknowledgeandattitudeoftheSaudipublictowardsblooddonation inorder toencouragemoredonations.Barriers fordonationshave tobelookedat.


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College of Medicine, Masters in Medical Education, Riyadh

B-01

Learning styles and satisfaction with educational activities among pediatric physicians at KAMC – Jeddah

Adnan Mohammed Al Shaikh, Nadia Al Attas

Introduction The learning style (LS) is themethodofprocessing information that an individualprefers.Ithasbeensuggestedthatanalyzinglearningstylesmayhelpdecidethemosteffectiveinstructionalmethods.Thereareveryfewstudiesevaluatingthedegreeofsatisfactionofpediatricphysicianswitheducationalactivitiesanditsassociationwiththeir learningstyles (LS).ThisstudyaimstodeterminesucharelationshipthroughidentifyingthelearningstylesofpediatricphysiciansinKingAbdulazizMedicalCity(KAMC)-Jeddah,identifyingthedegreeofsatisfactionwitheducationalactivities,andanalyzingtheassociationbetweenlearningstylesandsatisfactionwitheducationalactivities.

MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the PediatricdepartmentatKAMC–Jeddah.Allphysiciansinthedepartmentwereincluded(n=86).Thisiscross-sectionaldescriptivestudy.Asthewholepopulationwasapproached,samplingtechniqueswerenotrequired.TheLearningStyleInventory(LSI)byDavidKolb and the Modified student’s satisfaction survey, based on Mott CommunityCollegeStudentSatisfactionSurvey,Michiganwereutilized.TheQuestionnairewasSelf-administered.ThePredictorvariablesweredemographicdataandthelearningstyles.Theoutcomevariableswerephysician’ssatisfactionlevel.

Results and DiscussionAtotalof86pediatriciansweresurveyedwithanoverallresponserateof87%(n=75).Themeanagewas36years+8.9,withalmostequalgenderdistribution(males52%, females 48%). The mean of practice years in pediatrics was 8.7 + 7.2, andmeanofworkingyears inKAMC-Jeddah is6+5.4.TherewasequaldistributionoflearningstylesbetweenpediatricphysiciansinKAMC-Jeddah.Wefoundsignificantdifference inLSbetweenmalesandfemales.Satisfactionscoresshowedanoveralldegreeofsatisfaction(68%)witheducationinthepediatricdepartment.Therewas


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noassociationbetweenLStypeanddegreeofsatisfactionwitheducationalactivities.Convergersscoredlowerinsatisfactionlevelscomparedtootherlearningstylesbutwithnostatisticaldifferencedemonstrated.

ConclusionTherewerenopredominatingLSinpediatriciansatKAMC-Jeddah.Although there is general satisfaction with education, the level of satisfaction isconsideredborderline,andonethirdofpediatriciansinKAMC-Jeddahareunsatisfiedwithfacilitiesofeducation.TherewasnoassociationbetweenLStypesandsatisfactiondegreewithinstructionalmethodsinthepopulationstudied.Thisstudysuggeststhatwedon’tneedtomodify theeducationalprogrambasedonspecificLStoachievesatisfaction.

RecommendationsThis study suggest that preparing education training program may not requireto consider trainees individual LS. Further explorationof reasonswhy the level ofsatisfactionisborderlineinpediatriciansatKAMC-Jeddah.Further researchshould look intoqualitativeanalysisof thedegreeof satisfaction,identifyreasonsforborderlinesatisfactionandexplaingenderdifferenceinLS.

B-02

Satisfaction of medical students with simulation based learning at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Asma Yehya Al Hamrani, Sajida Agha

IntroductionMedical education programs are increasingly adopting simulation in bothundergraduate and postgraduate curricula. The primary aim of the project is toevaluatemedicalstudents’satisfactionwithsimulationbasedstrategyatKingSaudBinAbdulazizUniversity (KSAU-HS). Simulation can be used for skills training andcompetencyassessmentinmedicaleducation.

MethodAcross-sectionalsurveywasconductedattheCollegeofMedicine(COM),KSAU-HSinRiyadh.All thirdand fourthyearmedical students (approximately185students)


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both male and female studying at KSAU-HS were included. A self-administeredquestionnairewasdevelopedtodeterminethesatisfactionofstudentswithSBLasteachingandlearningtool.Thequestionnairewasvalidatedbyexpertsreviewandthe reliabilitywas calculated for all the questionnaire’s items. Ethical consentwastakenbeforetheadministrationofthequestionnaire.TheresponsesweremeasuredonafivepointLikertscaleandthedatawasanalyzedusingSPSSversion20.

ResultsTheresponseratewas62%(n=115).Thealphacoefficientfortheallquestionnaire’sitems was 0.873. Overall, respondents from both years (male and female) weresatisfiedwiththeirSBL.Thechallengesreportedweretheavailableskilllabsfacilities,students’ cooperation, allocated time for skill labs and the role and knowledgeof instructor.When we compare the result among gender and years we found asignificantdifferencebetweenthesatisfactionscoresamongtwogenders(p=0.01).Whereasnosignificantdifferencewasidentifiedbetweentheparticipants’scoresonthesatisfactionwithSBLandyearofeducation(p=0.34).

ConclusionIn conclusion, majority of the students were satisfied with the simulation basedlearninginKSAU-HS,andfounditausefullearningstrategy.Theyexpressedtheneedformoreaccessofmannequinsandtrainingofstaffforthebetter implementationandeffectivenessofthetechnique.Avenuesforfutureresearchweresuggested.Keywords:Clinicalskills,medicaleducation,medicalsimulation,simulators

B-03

Needs assessment of dental postgraduate programs in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abdullatif Mohammed Al Manee, Sajida Agha

Introduction Theneedassessmentfordentaltrainingprogramsisimperativeforadvancementandplanningofpatientcareservices.ThemostrecentreportfromSaudiArabianministryofhealthshowsthedentisttopopulationratiois1:2849includingtheprivateandnon-SaudidentistsinSaudiArabia.Highlyqualifiedspecializeddentistsusuallyperformtheirproceduresfasterandwithbetterqualitycomparingwithgeneralpractitioners.This studywas designed to assess the need for dental postgraduate programs in


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KingAbdulazizMedicalCity (KAMC),Riyadh,SaudiArabia throughtheassessmentof patients treatment needs and the perception of stakeholders to introduce thespecialtyandneedtodevelopnewskills.

MethodsThestudywascrosssectionalsurveystudydesign.Studywasintwoparts.Part 1:Total317patientswhohadbeenseeninoneofthethreemainprimaryhealthcare centers in (KAMC) treatment plans were analyzed and recorded the type oftreatment, the specialtieswho conducted those specific procedures and the timespentoneachprocedure.Part2:Tenstakeholders’perceptiononspecialtyneed,trainingprogramrequirementandsatisfactionwithpresentSaudiboardrequirementwassought.ThedatawasenteredandanalyzedusingSPSSsoftware.

ResultsThemost needed specialtieswere AdvancedGeneral Dentistry (AGD), RestorativeandProsthodonticswhiletheleastspecialtywasperiodontics.ThestakeholderperceptionrevealedthatthemostneededspecialtieswereAGDandpediatricdentistryandtheleastneededwastheoralsurgery.

Discussion The high caries prevalence and the low dentist to people ration in Saudi Arabiademonstrate theneeds for increase theworkforce in dentistrywith awell-trainedandqualifieddentalspecialtiesaccordingtothepatients’needs.Ourstudyresultaresimilarwith theNationaloralhealthsurveydata,ThisstudyresultsaffirmthehighneedsofAGD,prosthodonticsandrestorativespecialtiesneed.Familydentistrywasthemostrecommendedbythestakeholdersasanewspecialty.AstudyonneedofdentalpostgraduateprogramwasdoneinSaudiArabia.ResultshowedtheneedforaprograminDentalPublicHealth.2

ConclusionBothpartsofthestudysupportthefactthattheAGDisthemostneededspecialtybasedonthepatients›needs.The use of different assessment methods (triangulation) strategy increases thevalidityofresearchfindings.ThehighcariesrateinSaudiArabiarevealthehighneedtodentalworkforceandparticularlytodentalpublichealthspecialty.


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B-04

Clinical teaching in respiratory therapy: Perception of students and interns at King Fahad hospital, Riyadh

Salem Muraye Al Qahtani, Sajida Agha

IntroductionTeaching and learning in the clinical environment ismore than demonstration ofskillsandknowledge.Toteachskillstorespiratorycarestudents,bedsideteachingisaneffective tool that includes thedirectdemonstration,observationand timelyfeedback. Where respiratory preceptors take responsibility of interns/students’progress,inadditiontomanagingpatientcare.

MethodInthiscrosssectionalstudy47participants(students=25,interns=22)wereincluded.There were 45 males and 03 females from King Saud ben Abdul-Aziz University,Dammam University and Loma Linda University- Riyadh. A self-administeredquestionnairewasdesignedincludingdomainsofmodeling,coaching,scaffolding,articulation,reflectionandexploration.Ethicalapproval fromUniversityandverbalconsentfromtheparticipantswastaken.ResponseswereenteredandanalyzedbyusingSPSS.FrequencyMeansandSDsandIndependent-Sample t-testwas done to see and compare the perception of bothgroups.

Results Thetotalresponseratewas85%.Theagerangedbetween21to26yearsold.Ninetysevenpercent studentswere involved in ICUunit and2.5% inWards.Therewas asignificantdifferencebetweentheresponsesofbothgrouponModeling(P=0.004)and learning environment (p=0.02). Overall mean scores suggested students’satisfactionwiththetrainingprogram.

Conclusion Thefindingsfromthisstudy,althoughnotstatisticallysignificantonmanydomains,do have pragmatic implications for clinical practice. It can increase placementopportunitiesforrespiratorycarestudents,assiststaffwithworkloadpressuresandincrease faculty timewithpatients,while furtherdeveloping students’ knowledge,skillsandattitudes.


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B-05

Multiple mini-interviews for the selection into internal medicine residency in Saudi Arabia: reliability, feasibility and acceptability

Faisal Abdulkader Batwa, Lubna Baig

IntroductionMultiple mini interviews (MMI) had replaced traditional interviews in manyundergraduate programs due to its better reliability, predictive validity of futureperformance and stakeholder’s acceptability. Its use in postgraduate admission islimitedandnodataexistsregardingitsuseinSaudiArabia.Thisreportistoassessthereliability,acceptabilityandfeasibilityofMMIasanassessmenttoolforcandidate’sselection into internal medicine residency training program at King Abdul-AzizmedicalcityatJeddah(KAMC-J).

MethodsAllcandidates(n=34)passedthrough6minutes,6-MMIstationswithoneinterviewerper station. Guided by CanMEDS roles, MMI blueprint wasdesigned to assess adifferent non-cognitive attribute at each station. Reliability was determined andcorrelationofMMIwithgradepointaverage(GPA)andSaudilicensingexamination(SLE)wereanalyzed.Candidate’scompletedanacceptabilityexitsurvey.

Results Overall reliability was Cronbach’s alpha of 0.53.The Pearson correlation betweenMMIandGPAwas-0.13(p-value0.47)andbetweenMMIandSLE-0.17(p-value0.33).GPA correlated significantly with SLE 0.37 (p-value 0.03). Ninety seven percentofcandidates found theMMIprocesswas fair andobjectivewhile92% feltMMIwaspleasantandfriendly.MMIconsumed80percentlessinterviewerperson-hourstime.

ConclusionMMI demonstrated reliability, acceptability and feasibility in residency admissionsacrossdifferentculturesandsocialsystems.Thenon-cognitiveattributesassessedbyMMIdifferedfromcognitiveattributeassessedbyGPAandSLE.Multiplemethodsofresident’sselectionareadvocated.


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B-06

Problem based learning effect on learning styles of undergraduate medical students at medical college – Jeddah

Bander Abdulaziz Al Mutairi, Mohi Magzoub

IntroductionKSAU-HS adopted an integrated PBL curriculum to provide studentswith optimallearningexperienceandfitmoretotheirlearningstyles.This study tested the hypothesis that the integrated PBL curriculumhas an effectonthelearningstylesoftheUndergraduateMedicalStudentsatMedicalCollege–Jeddah.

AimTo assess the change in learning styles of undergraduate medical students afteremergingintoProblembasedcurriculumatmedicalcollege.Objectives:

To identify learning styles of undergraduatemedical students upon entering PBLexperience.Todeterminewhether students learningstyleschangeafterengagement intoPBLexperience.

MethodsWeusedKolb learningstyles inventory3.1toassessthemedicalstudents learningstyles and demographic questionnaire twice in the academic 2011/2012 and theacademicyear2013/2014.KLSIallowthecategorizationofmedicalstudentlearningstyles into four groups: converging, accommodating, diverging and assimilating.Descriptivestatisticswasusedintheformoftables(frequency,percentage,changeandchangepercentage)andbarcharts.Learningstyleswereplottedandcoordinatevectorwascalculatedandplotted.WeusedFisherExacttestastestofsignificance.

ResultsA total of 28 students participated (response rate 100%). In the academic year2011/2012,thelearningstylesofthestudentsweremixtureofthefourlearningstyles:converging(8,28%),assimilating(8,28%),diverging(7,25%)andaccommodating(5,17%).After twoyearsofengagement into the integratedPBLcurriculumstudents


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did change their learning styles (16, 57%) with the prevalent learning style wasconverging(11,39%),followedbyaccommodating(7,25%),assimilating(6,21%)andlastlydiverging(4,14%).However,thischangewasstatisticallyinsignificant(P=0.586).

ConclusionsThestudyshowedthattheintegratedPBLcurriculumatKSAU-HSdidnotsignificantlyaffectstudents’learningstyleswithin2years,althoughthestudentsdidchangetheirlearningstyleswiththeconverginglearningstylebeingthemostfrequentlypreferredlearningstyleandthediverginglearningstylebeingtheleastpreferredlearningstyle.


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College of Applied Medical Sciences, RiyadhC-01

Febrile seizures among children less than three years up to six months old presenting to emergency department at King Fahd National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed Alqahtani, Ahmed Alyahya, Dhaffer Aldoussari, Abdullah Alanazi, Talal Alharbi, Mohammad Shaalan, Sameera Aljohani, Hazem Aqel

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the frequency, Laboratory and physicalexaminations,signsandsymptoms,treatmentandhospitaldurationofFSinChildren(forBothgender)whowereyoungerthan3yearsupto6monthsagefrom2001to2012.

Methods Thestudywasdoneinthepediatricemergencydepartment inKingFahdNationalGuardHospitalwhichislocatedwithintheKingAbdulazizMedicalCityComplexinRiyadh,SaudiArabia. Ithad includedmaleandfemalechildrenpatientsof≤threeyearsofage.Thisstudywasaretrospectivechartreviewstudy.Acomputerprintoutof demographic data and clinical events/outcomes were collected from medicalrecordsforallepisodesofhospitaldischargedpatientsthatwerecodedfordiagnosisoffeverwithoutsourcesatthepediatricemergencydepartmentfromJanuary2001toDecember2012.

Results Atotalof124patientswithFSwereidentifiedandparticipatedinthisstudy.Patientsfrom 12–24Months had the highest hospital durationwhich is 57.72%.MajorityofpatientswithFSwereadmittedfor1to4days.FeverandCoughwerethemostcommonsymptomsinthepatientswithFSfrombothgenders.Feversymptomwashigh in themaleand female.But in female, theUTIdiseasewashigher.Theupperrespiratorytractinfectionhadthehighestnumberofpatientscomparedwithothersymptoms.

Conclusion Patients from 12–24Months had the highest hospital duration which is 57.72%.Majority of patients had the site of infection inUpper RespiratoryTract.The tests


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thatshowedabnormalresultsinmostpatientsare[Calcium,BUNandphosphorus].MajorityofMicrobiological,Serological,X-ray,EEGtest,CTScan,UrinalysisandPCRtests showednegative results.Majorityofpatientshad symptomsof: fever, coughandshortnessofbreath.

C-02

Effects of stress on students in College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Science, Riyadh

Dakheel Alotaibi, Abdullah Alanazi, Haitham Alalaty, Abdul Mohsen Alanzi

ObjectivesThe Aim of this study was to measure and monitor the stress levels among thestudentsofCollegeofAppliedMedical Science (CAMS), KingSaudbinAbdul-AzizUniversityforHealthSciences(KSAU-HS)anduncoverthechallengesfacedbythem.

MethodsACross-sectionalstudywasconductedatCAMS,KSAU-HS,andRiyadh,SaudiArabia.AllstudentsbelongingtodifferentbatchesofCAMS,KSAU-HSwereenrolledinanyof the undergraduate programswere recruited for this study on stress.The studyinstrumentwasaquestionnairecomprisingof21selectedbasicquestionspreparedaccordingtoDASS21anddistributedamongthestudentsofCAMS.

ResultsThestressduringallthefouryearsshowedthatthemaximumstresswasinthirdyear,while thestress infirstand fourthyearwasalmost identical.Thestressduring thesecondyearwasmorethanthefirstyearandlessthanthethirdyear.AcomparisonbetweenPre-AppliedMedicalScience(Pre-AMS)yearsfirstandsecondandAppliedMedical Science (AMS), years third and fourth showed the latter tobe statisticallysignificant(ChiSquarepvalue=0.002).

ConclusionMostofthestudentsexperiencedanormallevelofstress.Thefindingssuggestthatthelevelofstresswashigherinthethirdyearcomparedtootherbatches.Thestresslevelintheinitialtwoyearswaslowerthanthelasttwoyears.


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C-03

Fever without sources in infants presenting to emergency department at King Fahad National Guard Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abdulaziz Almutairi, Abdulah Alanazi, Talal Alharbi, Sameera Aljohani, Mohammad Shaalan, Hazem Aqel

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to determine Dthe frequency, Laboratory and physicalexaminations,signsandsymptoms,treatmentandhospitaldurationoffeverwithoutsourcesininfantswhowereyoungerthan3monthsagefrom2010and2012.

Methods Thestudywasdoneinthepediatricemergencydepartment inKingFahdNationalGuardHospitalwhichislocatedwithintheKingAbdulazizMedicalCityComplexinRiyadh,SaudiArabia. Ithad includedmaleandfemalechildrenpatientsof≤threemonthsofage.Thisstudywasaretrospectivechartreviewstudy.Acomputerprintoutof demographic data and clinical events/outcomes were collected from medicalrecordsforallepisodesofhospitaldischargedpatientsthatwerecodedfordiagnosisoffeverwithoutsourcesatthepediatricemergencydepartmentfrom2010and2012.

Results Atotalof178patientswithfeverwithoutsourcesof≤threemonthsofagediagnosedasfeverwithoutsourceswereincludedinthisstudy.Twelveofthepatientsweremalewhile 154 were female. Monthly admission shows that the fever without sourcesconsiderednotaseasonaldiseasesincemostoftheadmissionsweredistributedindifferentmonths(April,June,July,SeptemberandNovember).Therewerevariationsinthetemperaturethatcollectedfromdata.Thehighesttemperatureobservedwas40.4oCabout1.28%infemale.Therewas lowtemperatureduetousingantipyreticthatwas36.2oC.Themostorderedtestsforpatientswithfeverwithoutsourceswererespectivelyasthefollowinghematology310,microbiology284andchemistry218.

Conclusion Themostcommonsymptomsshoweddifferentlyinbothgender:cryingpresentinfemaleonlyandpoorfeedingpresentinmaleonly.Theanalysishadindicatedthat,urine/nitrateesteraseandUrine/leucocytesesterasecountingwereuselesstestswithfeverwithoutsourcessincetheywerenegativeforalltestedpatients.CSFcounting


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highly important to checkwith feverwithout sources in infants that gives a clearindicationof theseverityof thedisease.Feverwithoutsourceswasnotaseasonaldisease,sinceithappenedinallmonths.Fever,coughandvomitingwerethemostcommonsymptomsinfeverwithoutsources.Mostcommonmedicationthatgiventofeverwithoutsourcespatientsarecefatoxime,ampicillinandparacetamole.

C-04

Febrile neutropenia in children with cancer presenting to emergency department at King Fahad National Guard Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abdulkarim Alanizy, Abdullah Alsubayyil, Abdullah Alanazi, Talal Alharbi, Mohammad Shaalan, Sameera Aljohani, Hazem Aqel

ObjectivesDetermined the frequency, Laboratory and physical examinations, signs andsymptoms, treatment and hospital duration of FN in children with cancer (Bothgender)whowereyoungerthan15yearsagefrom2008to2012.

MethodsThiswasaretrospectivechartreviewstudy.Acomputerprintoutofdemographicdataandclinicalevents/outcomeswascollectedfrommedicalrecordsforallepisodesofhospitaldischargedpatientsthatwerecodedfordiagnosisofFNatPEDfromJanuary2008toDecember2012.

ResultsA total of 78patientswith cancer of≤ fifteen years of agediagnosed as FNwereincludedinthisstudy.Fortysevenofthepatientsweremalewhile31werefemale.MonthlyadmissionshowsthatFNconsiderednotaseasonaldiseasesincemostoftheadmissionsweredistributedondifferentmonthsApril,June,July,SeptemberandNovember.ThereasonforthatbecauseFNfollowingchemotherapytreatment.Therewasadifferentinhospitaldurationformmaletofemale.Thelongestperiodformalewas1-4dayswhichisabout45.63%andthelessperiodwas<2monthswhicharound6.6%.Whilethelongestperiodforfemalewas5-9dayswhichisaround40.5%andthelessperiodwas<2monthswhichabout4.17%.Signsandsymptomsshowthatsomeof symptomswereonly found inmale and some found in femaleonly, also therewere someof them found inbothgender. Exampleof some symptoms thatwerefoundinmaleincludesabdominalmass,cutaneousabscessandrunningnose.Some


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symptomsthatwerefoundinfemaleincludeChestPain,PallorandOtitisMedia.Fever,cough,vomitingareexampleofsymptomsfoundinbothgender.Themostorderedtests forpatientswithFNwere respectivelyas the followingmicrobiology34.21%,others29.39%,chemistry21.93%,hematology14.04%andbloodbank0.44%.Othertests include (CXR,NPA, EKG,MRI, etc...).Therewere variations in the temperaturethatcollectedfromdata.Thehighesttemperatureobservedwas40.7about1.28%infemale.TherewaslowtemperatureduetousingAntipyreticthatwas36.3.

Conclusion1.Symptomsthatwerepresentdifferinbothgenders.Forexample,pallor,limbpainandchestpaininfemaleonlyandmassivepleuraleffusionandneckswellingpresentonlyinmale.2.Thestudyhasindicatedthat,themosttestsrequestedwereformicrobiology.3.Thestudyshowsthat,themostcommonantibioticsweregentamicinfollowedbytazocin.4. Febrile neutropenia considered not a seasonal disease, because it is followingchemotherapytreatment.5.Fever,coughandvomitingarethemostcommonsymptomsinFN.

C-05

Study on the correlation of vitamin D levels with hepatitispatients

Eisa Al Rashidi, Raed M Kanan, Talal Alghasab, Waleed Tamimi

ObjectivesVitaminDisincreasinglybecomingrecognizedasanimportantphysiologicalregulatorwithpleiotropic functionsoutsideof itsclassical role in skeletalhomeostasis. ThisstudyaimstoinvestigatethecorrelationofvitaminDlevelsandhepatitisBandCinpatientswithandwithoutHIVinfection.

MethodsAretrospectiveanalysisofdatacollectedfrom5408patients’laboratorychartrecords,which include AFP, hepatitis B/C status, and vitamin D levels. The patients werereferringtoKingAbdulazizMedicalcityinRiyadh,SaudiArabia.DatatabulatedandanalyzedusingMicrosoftExcel2007sheetsandStatisticalPackageforSocialSciences.ThestatisticalanalysisincludedMann-WhitneyandstudentsT-test.


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ResultsOur research included:5408sampleswhichdivided topositiveandnegative. Thetotalsofpositive sampleswere1544and the totalsofnegative samples are3856.OurresultsshowedthatlowvitaminDismorecommoninnon-hepatitisBpatients(n=1484,vitaminDlevel:17.58±4.18nmol/L)thanthepositiveones(n=254,vitaminDlevels:18.51±3.76nmol/L)withapvalue<.001.

ConclusionOur results contradict previous reports, which could be explained by the highpresenceiflowvitaminDlevelamongSaudis.

C-06

Respiratory therapy preceptors’ perceptions of clinical education and learnersFaraj Al Enezi: Sami Al Ossaimi, Dr. Saleh Al Oraibi, Sami Al Ossaimi, Faraj Al Enezi, Salem Al-ahtaniObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of RT preceptors of clinicaleducationandlearners.1.TounderstandtheprocessofclinicalteachingatKAMC.2.TounderstandtheknowledgeandexperiencesofRTpreceptors.3.Tounderstandstudentsbehaviorsintheirclinicalplacements.

Methods Cross sectional studydesignwasused in this study;Datawascollected fromKingAbdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Riyadh. KAMC provides services for a rapidlygrowingpatientpopulationinallofitscatchmentsareas.KingFahadNationalGuardHospitalhasevolved tobepartof theKAMCwithmanyotherprominentmedicalcenters.Respiratory therapistsworkat12 IntensiveCareUnits:Adult ICU,PediatricICU, Neonate ICU, Burn Units, Truma ICU, Surgical ICU, NeurolgicalCrtical CareUnits, IntermediateMedicalCareUnits,Emergency ICU,MedicalCardiac ICU,AdultCardioVasculareICU,andPediatricCardioVasculareICU.

Results FiftythreeRespiratoryTherapypreceptorswereparticipatedinthisstudy.Thestudydurationwas5-monthesperiodbetweenJanuary1,2013andMay20,2013.Table1 shows the studyparticipants characteristics, table2 shows theperceptionofRT


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preceptors about supervision of number of students at one time, table 3 showsattitudeofRTPreceptorsaboutclinicaleducation,andtable4showsKnowledgeofRTPreceptorsaboutclinicaleducation.

Conclusion Basedonthefindingsofthisstudy,itisrecommendedthattheuniversityshouldinformthepreceptorsaboutthestudents’level;alsoassignonestudenttoonepreceptor.Inthecontrary,theuniversityshoulddosomeworkshopsabouttheclinicaleducationandthebestwaytoteachstudentsintheclinicalarea,andinvitethepreceptorstoattendthoseworkshops.

C-07

Defining the learning curve of paramedical students’ focused abdominal assessment with sonography for trauma

Mazen Sanad Mazen Alharbi, Majid Al Salamah, Abdulmohsen Alsaawi

ObjectivesThemainobjectiveofthisstudywastodefinetheaccuracyofFASTinterpretationofparamedicalstudentsandtheamountofknowledgeretainedafter4hourssession.And to identify the accuracy of paramedical students performing FAST after anintroductorycourse

Methods NineteenparamedicalstudentswereincludedinthisstudytoassesstheirperformanceofFAST.Thestudy’sinclusioncriteriawereparamedicalstudentsfromKSAU-HSandKSU, AndMale students. All students participated in didactic\practical (hands-on)coursebeforethestudy.ThecoursehadgivenbyanEMconsultantatkingAbdulazizmedical city.Thecourseconsistedofone -hour lectureonultrasoundphysicsandknobologyandaone-hour lectureonFASThistory,principlesandpitfalls followedbyahands-onsessioninwhich2healthyvolunteerswereimaged.ThestudentshadnoexperienceneitherinultrasonographynorFAST.Preandpost-coursetestswhichconsistof10MCQand10filmshaveadministeredtotesttheamountofinformationretainedandaccuracies.

Results Seventeen student from King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for health sciences


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participatedintheexperimenttheyweretwoconsecutiveforth.TowstudentwerefromprinceSultanUniversityforemergencymedicalservicestheywerefromsecondbatch.Question that related for basic medical science:Inpreassessment14(73,7)studentsdidn’tknowthatleftkidneyincomparisonwithrightismoresuperiorandposteriorandintheposttest11(57,9%)knowthecorrectanswer.Theamountofknowledgechangesis32%thedifferencebetweenthepre-postassessmentswasverysignificanttheP-valueis0.024.Question that related for knowledge about ultrasound:(Intable1)inpreassessmentofquestionnumberone(seeindex2)19(100%)studentsdidn’tknowthatthepointof-careultrasoundassessmentinthetraumatizedpatient“FAST”istheidentificationofperitonealfreefluidandintheposttest6(32)studentsknewthecorrectanswer.Theamountofknowledgechangesis32%thedifferencebetween the pre-post assessments was very significant the P-value is 0.004. Inquestionten(seeindex2)14(73,7)studentsdidn’tknowthatthecardiacviewsispartof thefastscanand intheposttest4(21,1)studentsknewthecorrectanswer.Theamountofknowledgechangesis-5%(seefigureone)thedifferencebetweenthepre-postassessmentsshowsinsignificance,theP-valueis,500

Question that related to skills of about ultrasound:(Intable2)inpreassessmentofquestionnumberthree(seeindex2)9(47,4)studentsdidn’tknowthatthestructuresinthepicturerepresentedbytheletterAistheliver.Intheposttest19(100)studentsknewthecorrectanswer.Theamountofknowledgechangesis47%.Thedifferencebetweenthepre-postassessmentswasverysignificantandtheP-valueis0,001.Inquestiontwelve(seeindex2)7(36,8)studentsdidn’tknowthatthediagnosisoftheFASTintheclip#12isperitonealfreefluid.Intheposttest15(78,9) studentsknew thecorrectanswer.Theamountofknowledgechanges is16 %( see figure two) the difference between the pre-post assessments showsinsignificance.

Conclusion Pre-hospitalultrasoundhasthepotentialtoimprovepatientoutcomesbyimprovingtimetodiagnosisandearlydeliveryofcriticallyillpatientswhoareamenabletotime-dependentlifesavinginterventions.Italsohasthepromisingabilitytoassistinmakingappropriatedestinationdecisions for thepatientOur study shows thatparamedicstudentscanperformtheFASTexamsafteraintroductorycoursewithahighdegreeofaccuracy.A4hourslectures+handsontrainingshowatremendousoutcomeinparamedicstudents’abilitytoconductandinterpretFAST.


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Recommendation1.Implement ultrasonography physics and FAST exam in paramedicine teachingcurriculums.2.AccreditandconductacontinuouscoursesFortheparamedicinFASTexaminationandInterpretation.3.AccreditandconductacontinuouscoursestotheparamedicsfortheFASTasatooloftriageinmasscausalityincidents.4.Mandate the usage and the presence of FAST examination in protocols ofparamedicinepractice.Pre-hospitalultrasoundhasthepotentialtoimprovepatientoutcomesbyimprovingtimetodiagnosisandearlydeliveryofcriticallyillpatientswhoareamenabletotime-dependentlifesavinginterventions.Italsohasthepromisingabilitytoassistinmakingappropriatedestinationdecisions for thepatientOur study shows thatparamedicstudentscanperformtheFASTexamsafteraintroductorycoursewithahighdegreeofaccuracy.A4hourslectures+handsontrainingshowatremendousoutcomesinparamedicstudents’abilitytoconductandinterpretFAST.

C-08

Poor basic life support awareness among medical and College of Applied Medical Sciences students necessitates the need for improvement in standards of BLS training and assessment for future health care providers

Maher Al Sulami, Azzam Al Nemer,Omar Al Somali, Abdulmajeed Al Murshdi, Ahmed AlQusairy

ObjectivesBasicLifeSupport(BLS)ismedicalproceduresandskillsutilizedincaseofanemergencyto save lives. It is given to the victims of life-threatening illnesses or injuries untilprovisionoffullmedicalcareathospitals.BLSisgivenbyhealthcareproviderssuchasphysicians,paramedics,emergencymedicaltechnicianandbylay-personswithBLStraining.CollegeofAppliedMedicalSciences(CAMS)andcollegeofmedicine(CoM)studentsatKingSaudBinAbdulazizUniversityofHealthSciences(KSAU-HS)Riyadharethefuturehealthcareprovidersincommunity,whichmakestheirawarenessandknowledgeofBLScrucial.Therefore,theobjectiveofthisstudywastofindoutthelevelofBLSknowledgeamongCAMSandCoMstudents,tofigureouttheirattitudetoobtainknowledgeofBLSskillsandtopracticetheseskillswheneverandwhereverneeded.


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Methods This studywasconductedbyassessing the responsesofCAMSandCoMstudentsto a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions about BLS. Response of students tothequestionnairewas recorded anddocumentedusingMicrosoft Excel.DatawasanalyzedusingSPSSversion16.0.

Results Mostoftheresponders(CAMS63.4%,CoM67.36%)hadsecuredlessthan50scorecorrespondingtopoor levelofBLSknowledge.NoneoftheCoMstudentssecured80%morescorecorrespondingtoexcellentBLSawarenessandonly1.38%gotabove70%score.Six(6%)CAMSstudentssecured90-100score(outstandinglevel),3(3%)scored80-89(excellentlevel),8(8%)got70-79score(verygoodlevel),7(7%)scored60-69(goodlevel)and13(13%)secured50-59score(satisfactorylevel).ThemeansscorewasforCAMSandCoMstudentswas45.05%and37.9%respectively.OurdatashowsoverallpoorBLSknowledge,specificallyaboutCPR,amongCAMSandCoMstudents.

ConclusionPoorBLSawareness,specificallyaboutCPR,amongCAMSandCoMstudentsshowstheneedfortheirtrainingandexperienceinthisfield.ImprovementinstandardsofBLStrainingandassessmentarerecommendedatourcollege.WealsorecommendcarryingoutBLSawarenesssurveysinstudentsofallKSAUHScollegestoimprovetheBLSawarenessandskills.

C-09

Prevalence of second hand smoking among CAMS students

Mohammed Mesfer AlQahtani

Objectives SpecificObjectives1.TorecognizetheprevalenceofsecondhandsmokinginSaudisCollegestudents.2.Toidentifytheexposurelocationsofsecondhandsmoking.3.Toidentifytheexposuretimeofsecondhandsmoking


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Secondary Objectives: 1.TorecognizethemagnitudeofthesmokingproblemamongCollegestudentsinSaudiArabia.2. To provide a foundation of the current status of SHS exposure among collegestudentsinSaudiArabia.3. To provide a framework for the development of policy strategies for reducingsmokingandSHSexposureonvariouslocations.

Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to identify factors associated with SHSexposure amongCAMScollege students in SaudiArabia.Datawas collected fromCollegeofAppliedMedical(CAMS)StudentsatKingSaudBinAbdulazizUniversityforHealthSciencesinRiyadh,SaudiArabia

Results Data from61 studentswere included in this study.we foundout that roughly 56students (91%) out of 61 had been exposed to SHS during the last 2 months ofquestioner administration in contrast to5 students (8.2)whichwerenot exposed.Exposure in Estirahwas themost common place reported by 67.2% ,followed byexposureintheuniversity39.3%,coffeeshop29.5%,publicarea26.2,car21.3%andhome14.8%

Conclusion Fromthisstudy,weadmittedtheprevalenceofsecondhandsmoking(SHS)amongthe students especially at the Estiraha andwe should implement campaigns thatawarestudentsandtheirfamiliesregardingSHSanditseffects.Moreover,weshouldproposepoliciestoprohibitsmokingatcollegefacilitiestodecreasethepercentageofSHSexposure


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College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Riyadh

D-01

Patient safety culture status culture within hospitals in different Arab countries: Systematic review

Badriah Al Harthi

ObjectivesTheprimaryobjectiveistoconductabaselineassessmentofpatientsafetyculturestatuswithinHospitalsinArabworld.AsecondaryobjectiveistosummarizethepsychometricpropertiesofthetoolsusedtomeasuresafetycultureintheArabworld.

Methods A systematic review of studies from Arab countries that assessed patient safetyculture/climate was performed. Studies were identified through: Medline, Googlescholarandothersourcesandpublishedbetween2004-2013.

Results Atotalof7studiesmet thefinal inclusioncriteria.Three fromK.S.A,andone fromLebanon,Qatar,EgyptandPalestine.Ninetyeighthospitalsand11,681respondentsassessed, andmajorityof respondentswerenurses. Results suggestmorepositivepatient safety culture in Saudi Arabia and Lebanon hospitals compared to Egypt,QatarandPalestinehospitals.All studies showedneed for improvement inanon-punitive approach to adverse event reporting and analysis, open communicationfoundedontrustteamworkacrossunit,andsharedbeliefintheimportanceofsafety.

Conclusion DecisionaboutpatientsafetyculturestatusisnoteasyandfeasiblewithlimitedstudiesonpatientsafetycultureintheArabcountries.Overall,resultssuggestevidencetosupportinitiativesthatpromotepatientsafetycultureintheArabcountrieshospitalsare very limited andpatient safety cultureneedsmore attention.Countries in theregion should support and encourage assessing patient safety culture in theirhealthcare organizations and Patient safety should be a top strategic priority forpolicymakers,managers,leadersandallhealthcareproviders.


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D-02

The impact of mobile phone screen size on user comprehension of health information

Ebtisam Alghamdi, Mowafa Househ, Faisal Yunus

ObjectivesThepaperdescribesourrecentexperimentalstudyoftheimpactofthemobilescreensizeonusercomprehensionofhealthinformationandapplicationstructures.MethodsAnexperimentalstudyconductedtomeasuretheimpactofthescreensizeontheusercomprehension.Participantsweregiven the samesimple scenarioconsistsofsearchingindifferentmenu,navigatingandreadingsomecontents.Theyweretimed,trackedforcorrectnessandweregiventhefollow-upsurveyconsistsofratingscaleofsomeusabilitymeasurementandcomprehension/retentiontypequestions

Results The result of this study showed that there is a significant difference between themobile phone screen size and reading speed, which was lowest in small screen(p-value=0.02). Also, Ease of reading characters was hardest in a small screen(p-value=0.01). In addition, there is significance different between the three sizesregardingtheorganizationofinformationoftheapplication,showingthatthesmallerthescreensize,themoreorganizedtheinformation.Ontheotherhand,thereisnosignificantimpactofscreensizeonusercomprehensionandretentionscores. Additionally,nosignificant impactonthescreensizeontheeffectivelycompletingthetasksvariablebutitwasbetterinlargescreensize.

Conclusion This study was carried out to explore the impact of mobile screen size on user’scomprehensionofhealthinformationandstructureoftheapplication.Itconcludesthat the screen size is not the main concern of comprehension of content orstructure.However,readingspeedaffectedbyscreensizeandthat improveswhentext size increased and screen size become larger. Also, completing the tasks andunderstandingoftheapplicationelementscouldbebetterinalargescreensize.Inaddition,largescreenhelpmoreinrememberingandrecallinformation.Ontheotherhand,searchingandnavigatingdonotaffectbyscreensizebutthenumberoferrorsincreasedwhenusingsmallscreensize.


Riyadh 201461

D-03

Do patients with varying demographic and regional characteristics equally miss appointments in the various dental specialties? Evidence from King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center (KFSH&RC).

Hind Al Baloushi, Omar Daar

ObjectivesToidentifyfactorsthatresultinpatientsmissingtheirdentalappointments.ToexaminewhetherpatientswithvaryingdemographicandregionalcharacteristicsequalmissdentalappointmentsinthevariousspecialtiesatKFSH&RC.Suggestactionsneededtobetakentoreducefrequencyofdental“Noshows”andtoapplytowiderhealthsectorbasedonthefindingsofthisstudy.Tosuggestareasforfurtherstudies.

Methods DatawereobtainedfromKFSH&RCwarehouse.

Thisisthemostrecentyearforwhichcompleteandwell-keptrecordwasavailable.

KFSH&RCavailedthedataasMicrosoftExcel.Wecodedallvariables andenteredin the (IBM-SPSS-STATISTICS20).Wecodedthevariables inamanner toconformtostatisticaltechniqueandtoallowustoanswerthecentralresearchquestionsofwhether one category of patients is more likely to miss dental appointments, orwhetheragivencharacteristicofapatientcategoryisassociatedwithmisseddentalappointment

We tested the hypothesis by using Chi-square (˃2) test for independence in SPSSversion20.TheChi-square(˃2)methodwaschosenbecausethevariablesofinterestwerenotonlymeasuredatanordinalornominallevel,thatis,categoricaldata,butalsotheyconsistedoftwoormorecategorical, independentgroupshencelendingitselftothismethod.

Results Oneoftheresultsofthepresentstudyisthatfemalepatientsweremorelikelytohavemisseddentalappointmentsbecausefemalepatientshadlessdentalawarenessandsatisfactionwithoralhealth,whichmayexplaintheymissappointments.Additionally,


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previousstudiesalsofoundthatpatientswhobroketheirappointmentsweremarried,homemakers,abovefortyyearsinage,andoflowtomiddlesocioeconomicstatus.

Further,thepresentstudyfoundthatbothadultsandchildrendidnotequallymissallthedentalappointmentsinthevariousspecialtiesatKFSH&RC.Previousstudiesfound that difficulty of transportation and commitment to family and childrenas being responsible for the highproportion ofwomenwho“No show” to dentalappointment.Thismaysomewhataffectchildren’sappointments.

Patients having appointments during Ramadan were more likely to have misseddental appointments .This result is in part, consistent with previous studies thatfoundthatthemostcommonreasonsforfailedappointmentsincludefastingintheHolymonthofRamadan.

In the previous studies, the understanding of the association between patients’registrationtypesandmisseddentalappointmentshasbeenlimitedorabsent.Thus,thepresent study considers this inclusionas a fresh contribution to the literature.ThepresentstudyfoundthatpatientswithvaryingregistrationtypesdoNOTequallymissallthedentalappointmentsinthevariousspecialtiesatKFSH&RC.Inparticular,thoseemployeesandtheirdependentsweremostlikelytohave“Noshow”inGeneralDentistry,butwereleastlikelyinallotherspecialtiesrelativetoprotocolandordinarypatients.

Conclusion Withcurrentproblemof‘noshows’indentalappointments,thefindingsofthisstudyis expected to inform KFSH&RC and the wider Kingdom to institute policies andguidelinestoaddress“Noshows”tobothimprovetherateof“honoredappointments”andminimizethemanyunusedvisithours.


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D-04

Patterns of cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia 1999 – 2008Hind Mohammed Al Mutlaq, Amin Bawazir, Hoda Jaradi

AimsThisstudyaimstodescribethepatternsofcancersinSaudiArabiaoveratenyearsperiod,(1999-2008).

ObjectivesToestimatetheincidenceofcancerinSaudiArabiaintenyearsperiod(1999-2008).TodeterminethetoptenincidenceofcancerinSaudiArabia.Todescribethepatternofcancerbasedondemographicfactorssuchas:age,gender,region,maritalstatus,workingstatus,andeducationstatus.Todescribespecificcharacteristicofbreastcancer,colorectalcancer,lymphoma,andleukemiaaccordingtodemographicandtopographicfactors.Todeterminethepatternofchildhoodcancers(<14years)inSaudiArabia.

Methods ThisisadescriptiveretrospectivestudybasedonsecondarydatafromSaudiCancerRegistryfrom1999to2008.AllSaudimalesandfemales,whowerediagnosedwithcancerinthestudyperiod,wereincludedinthisstudy.

Results The total Saudi cancer caseswere registeredduring theperiod1999 – 2008were74548 cases, of them 37134male cases (49.8%), and 37414 female cases (50.2%).TheincidenceamongSaudiincreasedfrom38.9per100,000to49.2per100,000.Theincidencerateofcancercasesincreasedwithincreasingageinmostofcancertypes.ThestudyalsoshowedthatthetopfivecommoncancersamongSaudipopulationinthestudyperiodinbothgenderswerebreastcancer,followedbycolorectalcancer,then leukemia, lymphoma,andthyroidcancer.Furthermore, the incidenceratesofchildhoodcancerswerehigherinboysthangirls,andleukemiawasthecommonestchildhoodcancerinSaudiArabia.

Conclusion CancerisanimportantpublichealthprobleminSaudiArabia,anditstrendincreasingthroughouttheyears,morestudiesarerequiredtodescribethepatternsofcancer,relatedetiology,andriskfactorsinSaudiArabia.


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D-05

The association of computer literacy, training on clinical productivity and satisfaction of electronic medical record

May Al Asmary, Mowafa Househ

ObjectivesThescopeof this studywas toexploreclinicalproductivityandsatisfactionof thecurrentlyimplementedElectronicRecordsystemanditisassociationwithcomputerliteracyinPrinceSultanMedicalMilitaryCityinRiyadh.

Methods Using a self-administrated questionnaire that was distributed in Alwazarat FamilyandCommunityCenter,thisstudyattemptedtoidentifytheimpactofthecomputerliteracyonthenewlyimplementedEMR.Aconveniencesamplesizeof112healthcareProfessionalsparticipatedwasusedforthisresearch(65Nursesand47physicians).AcombinationofcorrelationandregressiontestsinadditiontoOneWayANOVAandpairedt-testswasusedinthisstudy.

Results The results showed correlation between computer literacy and users’ satisfactiontowardsthesystem.AstatisticallysignificantmediumpositivecorrelationbetweenComputer Literacy and satisfaction, R=0.343 at (p< 0.01) level of significantwerefound as a result to regression tests. This means that overall participants werehighly computer literate and satisfied with the system. Additionally, the majorityof theparticipantsweregenerallysatisfied fromthesystem(mean=3.04.However,thephysiciansweremore satisfiedabout the systemthannursesgivenameanofsatisfaction3.1922whilethenursessatisfactionmeanwerelower2.9283.

Conclusion IncreasingproductivityandEMRusersatisfactioncouldbeanultimategoaltoanyhealthcareassociation.Thisstudyhasdemonstratedconsiderablefactorsthatcouldhaveanimpactoftheusers’highsatisfactionwhichwassatisfactionofthetrainingandhighcomputerliteracy.


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D-06

Workplace health promotion programs to increase physical activity:Are they appropriate for women in Saudi Arabia?

Nada Albwardi, Hoda Jradi, Hazzaa Al Hazzaa

AimTodetermine ifworkplacehealthpromotionprograms (WHPP) are appropriate todecreasephysicalinactivityamongSaudiwomen.

ObjectivesToassesstheprevalenceofphysicalinactivityandsedentarybehavioramongSaudiemployedwomen.ToevaluatetheirintentiontoparticipateinaWHPP.Todeterminethepsychosocial,environmentalandorganizational factors thatmayfacilitateorhinderawomen’sWHPPinSaudiArabia.

Methods Across-sectionalstudyof420Saudiwomenaged18to58yearsworkinginofficebasedjobsineightworksitesinRiyadh,SaudiArabiaweregivenaself-administeredsurvey to evaluate the prevalence of inactivity and sedentary behavior amongthis sample and theirwillingness to participate inWHPP.Weight and heightweremeasuredtodeterminebodymassindex.Thebuiltenvironmentwasassessedbytheauthorthroughasecondinstrument;anauditoffivestructuralelements(staircases,walkingareas,facilitiesforexerciseandindividualworkspace).

Results Resultsshowedthemajorityofsubjectstobeoverweightorobese(58.3%)andmorethanhalf(52.1%)wereinsufficientlyphysicallyactive.Sedentarybehavior,measuredbytotalminutesofsittingduringtheday,wasalsowellaboveinternationalfigures(mean + SD), 681+219min/day onworkdays and 566+271min/day on non-workdays.The subjectshowever showedhigh intention (>80%) toparticipate inWHPP.Thebuiltenvironmentwasfoundtobeconducivetophysicalactivitypromotionin7outof8worksites.

Conclusion This study provided evidence for the viability of the workplace as a setting for


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physicalactivitypromotionforwomeninthispopulationduetothehighprevalenceofinactivity,thehighintentionshownbytheemployeestoparticipateinWHPPandaphysicalenvironmentthatmaybeusedtofacilitateachangetohealthierlifestylehabits.

D-07

Patients’ satisfaction with health education services at primary health care centers in Riyadh, KSA

Nadia Asiri, Amen A Ahmed Bawazir, Hoda Jradi

ObjectivesThe purpose of the study is to assess different aspects of patients’ satisfaction inrelationtothehealtheducationservicesprovidedinPrimaryHealthCarecentersataMajorMedicalCenterinRiyadh,KingdomofSaudiArabia.

Methods This isacross-sectionalsurveytargetingattendeesofPHCcentersatPrinceSultanMilitaryMedicalCityinRiyadh.Atotalnumberof400participantswereenrolledinthisstudy.Datawascollectedovera5monthsperiod(Dec2012toApril2013).

Results Theoverallsatisfactionreportedwithhealtheducationserviceswas68%.Onetooneeducationclinicwasthemostpreferredmethodfordeliveryofhealtheducation.Themajorityofparticipantspreferredthephysicianasahealtheducationprovider.

Conclusion Findingsfromthisstudyshowedthatourparticipantsexpressedapositiveevaluationof the distinct dimensions of the health education services provided. However,servicesofhealtheducationwerepoorlyattendedinthisinstitution.Barrierscausingpoorattendancewereattributedtotheshortageof trainedhealtheducationstaff,lackoftimefortheproviders,cost,andmisunderstandingfortheroleofthehealtheducator.


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D-08The influence of health beliefs regarding diabetes on diabetes prevention associated behaviors among adolescent in Riyadh City: A pilot study

Reem Al Mutairi, Amen Bawazir, Hoda Jradi

ObjectivesThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is growing at rapid rates in the Saudipopulation.However,studiesofpsycho-behavioralfactorsthatmaybeaggravatingthe incidenceofdiabetes inthispopulationare limited.Thisstudy isexploringtheinfluenceofconceptsdescribedintheHealthBeliefModel(HBM)onhealthylifestylebehaviorsrelatedtoDiabetesMellitusDMprevention,amongadolescent.

Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken with 426 non-diabetic secondary schoolstudents from public and private schools. The study population comprised bothgenders fromone regionof Riyadh city, the capital of KSA.This studyhadused aKnowledge,AttitudeandPracticesassessmentquestionnairebasedontheHBMasaninstrument.Datawasanalyzedwithdescriptivestatistics,Pearsoncorrelation,chi-squareandt-test.

Results Fromtheoverall426schoolstudents,48.1%werefemales&51.9%weremales.Theoverallmeanage17years(±SD)0.96year,themajority(63.4%)ofparticipantshadatleastonefirstdegreerelativewithdiabetes.ParticipantshadshownmoderatelevelofknowledgerelatedtoDMriskfactors,natureofDMandpreventionmethods,whilelessthanonethirdofthemwereawareofDMcomplications.Highlevelsofperceivedbenefits,moderatelevelsofperceivedseriousnessandself-efficacy,andlowlevelsofperceivedsusceptibilityandperceivedbarrierswerediscoveredamongparticipants.Morethanhalfoftheparticipantswerephysicallyactiveonaregularorirregularbasesand following healthy dietary habits. There were significant correlations betweenadoptingDMpreventionbehaviorsandperceivedbenefits,(P<0.05),perceivedself-efficacy(P<0.05)andperceivedbarrier(P<0.05).Therewasnosignificantcorrelationbetweenhealthbeliefsandparticipant’sfamilyhistoryofDMortheirschoolsectors

Conclusion Primary prevention of type 2 DM should be a priority in all community healthinstitutions and primary health care settings. Many intervention programs have


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beenestablishedinSaudiArabiatopreventtype2DM.Therefore,thenextstepistodeterminethemosteffectivewayoftargetingthehighriskpopulation.TheHealthBeliefModelisausefultheoreticalframeworkfordevelopinghighlyeffectivediabetespreventionprograms

D-09Capacity of National Guard Primary Health Care Centers (NGPHC) for cancer prevention early detection and control in central region, Saudi Arabia

Salwa Mohammed Bahkali, Amen Bawazir

Objectives Thisresearchaimstoassessingtheavailabilityandcapabilitiesofthehumanresources,healthinfrastructure,services,andotherresourcesofrelationwithpreventive,earlydetectionandcontrolofcancerattheprimaryhealthcarelevelintheNationalHealthCareAffair(NGHA),SaudiArabia.

Methods Cross-sectionalsurveyconductedin2013.Thestudysamplewas22clinics.DatawerecollectedusingthestandardWHOquestionnaire

Results Allfacilitiesresponded(100%)andtheyshowthatmostoftheresourcesareallocatedinclassAcategorywithinRiyadh region.Mostof theeducationswere focusedonNCDsingeneralnotincancer.Essentialmedication,andmedicalequipmentrelatedtocancerscreeningordiagnosiswerealmostavailable/orcanberequestedinmostof the centers.Therewasno existenceor poor implementationof preventive andscreeningcancerclinicalguidelines/policy/programinallNGPHC.

Conclusion ThefindingsofthissurveyconfirmthatmostoftheNGPHCfacilitiesincentralregionhave the capacity to implement effective preventive programs in prevention, andcontrolofcancerdiseases.However,humanresourcesarenotinparalleltoperformthecancerpreventivemeasureasduetoweakorabsenceoftraining,accountability,andpolicies.Moreinvestmentandfocusareneededtoestablisheffective,sustainable,highqualitycancerpreventionprogram.


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D-10

Antenatal education: An assessment of pregnant women knowledge and preferences in Saudi Arabia

Tahani Al Otaiby, Tahani Al Otaiby , Hoda Jradi, Amen Bawazir,

ObjectivesToassess theantenatalknowledgeanddescribe the learningneedsandpreferredinformationseekingbehaviorofexpectingand/ornewSaudimothers.

Methods A cross-sectional studywas conducted atmultiple primary health care centers inRiyadh city, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire was used to assess levels of antenatalknowledge,educationalpreferences,andinformationseekingbehavioramong468participants.

Results Themean antenatal knowledge scorewas low (34.8/100). Educationalmaterial inwrittenformatwaspreferredby39.8%ofthesample, followedbyapreferenceforonetooneeducation(18.8%).Physicianswerethepreferredsourceof informationby 2/3 of the participants. Preferred educational strategies were motivation andsupport, guidance,problem solving, anddos anddon’ts. Selected content rangedfromidentifyingpregnancysymptoms,topost-partumcare.

Conclusion Antenatal knowledge scores were low with no variation with age or educationallevelamongthispopulation.Reforminantenataleducationalcontent,channels,andformats shouldbeadaptedaccording to thepreferencesof the targetpopulation.Further research is recommended on the evaluation of the content of antenataleducationanditsculturalrelevance.

D-11

Detection of pre-analytical laboratory testing errors using a literature review guided protocol

Wafa Abdullah Al Zahrani, Mohamud Sheikh


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ObjectivesTodrawattentionof laboratorypersonnel topre-analyticalphase,whichcurrentlyappearstobemorevulnerabletoerrorsthanotherphasesToevaluatetheleadingcausesofpre-analyticalerrorsinclinicallaboratoriesmainlyfocusingonhemolysisandmisidentificationofspecimens.Toidentifytheeffectsofpre-analyticalerrorsonthequalityoflaboratorymedicine.Toestablishaprotocolchecklistwithimportantstrategiesthatwouldimprovethequalityoftestsinclinicallaboratory

Methods SeveralscientificdatabasesMEDLINE,EMBASEandGoogleScholarweresearchedforstudiespublishedovertwentythreeyears:fromJanuary1990toMarch2013whichreported the frequencyofpre-analytical errors among total testingprocess.Manysearchtermswereusedtosearchforthearticlessuchas:pre-analyticalerrors,pre-analyticalmistakes,hemolysis,hemalysis,identificationerrorsandmuchmore.

Results Basedonthefindingfromthestudies,errorratesforpre-analyticalandpost-analyticalactivitieswerehigherthanforanalyticalactivities.Thepre-analyticalerrorsaccountedfor68-81%ofalllaboratoryerrorsoccurringinclinicallaboratory.Therepresentativestudiesshowedthatthehemolysiswasthemostfrequentpre-analyticalerrorswith53%-60% of the total laboratory errors reported while patient’s misidentificationspecimenaccountedfor3%-9%ofthepre-analyticalerrors.Anotherfindingindicatesthatthespecimenscollectedfrominpatienthadmoreerrorsthanoutpatientandthespecimencollectedbylaboratorystaffshowedsignificantlylowerrejectionratethanspecimencollectedbynon-laboratorystaff.

Conclusion Thefindings indicatethata largepercentageof laboratoryerrorsoccur inthepre-analyticalphasewhichneedsmoreattentionandintensivemonitoringofitsactivities.Our findings indicate that a large percentage of laboratory errors occur outsidethe laboratory andmainly by non-laboratory personnel as compared to qualifiedlaboratorypersonnel.This encourages efforts to assign skilledphlebotomistswithlaboratory background to collect and handle specimens. The clinical laboratoryshouldtackandidentifythepre-analyticalerrorsbyimplementingmandatoryerrorreportingsystemtocollectdata,analyzeandgivesafeedbackforserviceandqualityimprovement.


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College of Nursing, RiyadhE-01

Knowledge and practices of weaning among Saudi mothers and family child-caring women in central Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Aseel Alayed , Jamilah Alqahtani, Anwar Ahmed, Mohammed AbushalIntroductionWeaning is the introduction of solid food to a baby gradually asmilk alone is nolonger sufficient.WorldHealthOrganization (WHO) recommendsmothers to startweaningat6monthsandbeyond.Inadequate,abruptandlateweaninghavemanyphysicalandpsychologicalimpactsonmothersandtheirbabies.OurmainobjectiveistoassessweaningknowledgeandpracticesamongSaudimothersandfamily-childcaringwomeninCentralSaudiArabia.

Methods:Acommunitybased,crosssectionaldesignwasconductedinRiyadhcity,KingdomofSaudiArabiawithaconvenientsampleof350women.Datawascollectedfromdifferentpublicgeographicaldistributionsandsocialclassestoensurerepresentativeness.Aself-administeredquestionnairecomposedof31questionsdivided into4sections:screeningquestions, socio-demographic profile, knowledge andpractice sections.DatawascodedforentryandanalysisusingSPSSversion18.

Results:Majority of women were multiparas, aged 26-35, housewives and held diplomadegree andhigher. Participantshave agood knowledge aboutweaning (80.28%).Eighty four percent of women’s know about weaning from family and friends.Approximately 67% of women exhibited a fair practice of weaning. High Incomewassignificantlyassociatedwithgoodknowledge(P<0.024).Thestudyrevealedasignificantcorrelationbetweeneducationallevel,familytypeandpractice(P<0.042,0.001respectively).

Discussion & conclusion: Thisstudyrevealedthatwomenhaveagoodlevelofknowledgeregardingweaning.Women’spracticevaried.Werecommendreplicatingthestudyusinganexperimentaldesign.Also,aculturallysensitiveawarenessprogramstoimprovepractice.


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E-02

Chronic illness and mood status among chronically ill patientsKhairyah Al Ali, Reem Al Mutairi, Samia Al Enizy, Fawziah Al Enizy,Hanem F. Mohamed

IntroductionResearch has proven that chronic illnesses are associatedwithmooddisturbance.Chronic illnessesarecomplexconditionsthat last for lifetimeandcannotbecuredcompletely. Chronic illnessesareknownto reducepatients’abilityandenergy tolivewell, exercise, liveanormal lifeor copewith their illnesses. In addition, signsandsymptomsofmooddisturbancesoftenoverlooked.Thisaddsaburdenontheindividual patient, health care providers and the community. With the increasingnumberofpatientswithchronic illnesses,understandingtherelationshipbetweenchronicillnessandmoodstatusisvitaltoimprovecommunityhealth.TheobjectiveofthisstudywastoidentifytheassociationbetweenchronicillnessandmoodstatusamongSaudichronicallyillpatients.

MethodologyThe study used a descriptive cross-sectional design to answer the followingquestions:(1)Istherearelationshipbetweenchronicillnessandmoodstatusamongchronicallyillpatients?(2)Whatistherelationshipbetweenthenumberofchronicillnessandmoodstatus? (3)What is the relationshipbetween the typeofchronicillnessesandmoodstatus?(4)Doesadherencetodietandmedicationaffectmood status among chronically ill patient? and (5) Does mood status differ bydemographiccharacteristicsofchronicallyillpatients?Aconveniencesampleof473patientswasinterviewedwhilevisitingtheout-patientclinicsatKingFahdHospital.Eligiblesubjectswereinterviewedinasemistructuredinterviewbytheresearchersafteragreeingtoparticipateinthestudy.Plusdemographicprofile,theBriefMoodIntrospectionScalewasusedtocollectdata.

Results64.3%werefemales,46%wereintheagegroup40to59yearsoldwithameanageof 47.9(15.9). Majority was married, 25.6% graduated from colleges, 19.2% fromhighschooland28.1%wereilliterate.58.3%oftheparticipantshave1or2chronicillnessesand34.7%have3to4chronicillnessesand7%reportedhavingmorethan5chronicillnesses.78%indicatedthattheyareadheringtomedication,and45%areadheringtodiet. Therewasnostatistical relationshipbetweenchronic illnessandmoodstatus(r=.03,p=.69).Moodontheotherhandsignificantlycorrelatedwith


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thenumberofchronicillness(r=.21**,p=0.01),age(r=.16**,p=.004),gender(r=.26**,p=.001),andadherencetomedication(r=.36**,p=.002).

Conclusion and recommendation:Chronicallyillpatientareatmoreriskformooddisturbance especially with the increasing number of chronic illness. Screeningformooddisorders is important for early detectionofmore seriouspsychologicaldisorders. Interventionto identifymooddisturbancesanddifferentiatethemfromthe consequences of the chronic illness is vital for improving quality of life andhealth related outcomes among chronically ill patient. Using qualitative analysisplus the current quantitativemethodmayprovidewide rangeof assessment andunderstanding.


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College of Science and Health and Professions, Riyadh

F-01

An experimental research on the effects of artificial sugar (Aspartame) on the histology and physiology of infertility and decreased fertilityAtheer Alhumaid

دQا�سة Œريبة لتاأثري ال�سكر ال�سناعي ( الأ�سربتام ) على ه�ستولوجية وa�سيولوجية الع≥م ون≥�ض اخل�سوبة

امل�سكلة: ت�سري الدQا�سات اإلى تناق�ض اخل�سوبة عند اجلن�سني عاملياk وتõيد يف العامل العربي, ويف ال�سعودية و�سلت ن�سبة الع≥م

ون≥�ض اخل�سوبة اإلى 20-15 % (6)

الدم يف ال�سكر iم�ستو على للëفا® ال�سكر مرVسى ي�ستخدمه احلراQية ال�سعرات قليلة �سناعية –لية مادة : الأ�سربتام

وي�ستخدمه النا�ض للëفا® على الوزن. هòا ال�سكر موجود يف اأكÌ من 6000 منتè متداو∫ يف Tسكل اأòZية وم�سروبات واأدوية.

الفرVسية: يفVÎض لباحث اأنه لو ” اإ�ستهالك الأ�سربتام بن�سبة 40 ملجم لكل 100 مل من املاء يف اليوم الواحد ملدة 50 يوم

متƒاUض∏ة aاEن ذل∂ SضيKDƒر OóY : ≈∏Y ا◊يƒانات اƒÄŸية ل∏còر hنûضا• حرcت¡ا.

اإمكانية احلمل, عدد املواليد واأوزانهم

ن�سيè املبي�ض واخل�سية.

الإجراءات:

:èالنتائ

عدد احليوانات املنوية

OóY ا◊يƒنات اƒÄŸية يف اجلرذان التجريبية cان اأY∏≈ مø ال�ض∏بطة

نûضا• ا◊يƒانات اƒÄŸية hحµت¡ا cانâ مرتØ©ة óæY ال�ضابطة مقارنة بالتجريبية

1961.0 = P Value مل يكن للتغيري دللة اإح�سائية اأو اأهمية kاإح�سائيا

التõاوج

لوحß ن≥�ض يف اخل�سوبة عند التõاوج حيث اأن الòكر والأنثى Œريبيني مل يكونا قادQين Zلى التõاوì واحلمل

اإنخفاVض عدد املواليد واوزانهم عن املعد∫ الطبيعي عند التõاوì بني ال�ساب§ والتجريبي.


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01042.0 = P Value اإح�سائيا كان تاأثري الأ�سربتام على عدد مواليد الأنثى املعاجلة مهم

مل يكن هناك اأهمية اح�سائية بني وزن املواليد وتعاطي ال�سربتام

ال�سرائح اله�ستولوجية املجهرية لأن�سجة املبي�ض واخل�سية

مل تالحظ تغريات يف اأن�ضجة اجلرذان التجريبية مقارة باأن�ضجة اجلر ذان ال�ضابطة

الإ�ستنتاج:

اأثبت الباحث عن طريق التجربية اأنه عند ا�ستهالك ال�سربتام �سيكون هناك �سعوبة يف احلمل عند كال اجلن�سني . 1

ولو ح�سل احلمل �سيكون عدد املواليد قليل واأوزانها منخف�سة.

احلركة . 2 على وقادة ن�سيطة تعد ومل الأ�سربتام مبادة تاأثرت املنوية احليوانات اأن باملالحظة الباحث اثبت

وبالإح�ساء اأثبت اأن التغري يف اإعداد احليوانات املنوية لي�ض له اأهمية اإح�سائية كبرية.

اأثبت باملالحظة اأن اأن�سجة اخل�سيتني واملبي�سني مل تتاأثر بال�سربتام. 3

Introduction:Studies indicate global decrease in fertility in both sexes, in Saudi Arabia thepercentageofinfertilityandlackoffertilityreachedupto20%.Aspartame:industrialsweetenerwithfewcaloriesusedcommonlytoreduceweightgainandbydiabeticpatientstohelpinmaintainbloodglucoselevelinnormalrange.Thissugarispresentinmorethan6,000producttraderintheformoffood,softdrinksanddrugs.Hypothesis:inthisstudyweaimtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenAspartameconsumptionandinfertility,wehypothesizethataAspartameconsumptionby40mgper100mlofwaterperdayfor50consecutivedays,willaffectthefollowing:

NumberofmalespermmovementandactivityThepossibilityofpregnancy,thenumberofbirthsandtheirweight.Ovarianandtesticulartissue.

Methods:ExperimentalcasecontrolstudyonratswithandwithoutAspartameexposure.Spermcount,numberofmating,pregnancyrate,andbirthweightwerecalculatedinbothgroups.Histologicalexaminationofovarianandtesticulartissueswasconducted.

Result:Spermcount*The number of sperm in the experimental rats was higher than control*Spermactivityandmovementwashighwhencomparedtothecontrol,howeveritwasnotstatisticallysignificant,Pvalue0.17


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Mating*Fertility rate and mating were reduced in male and femalerats in experiment group and were not able to get pregnancy.*The number of births decreased in experimental group compared tocontrol group, P value 0.01, but birth weight was not significantly different.Histological examinations of testicular and ovarian tissue indicate no differencebetweenexperimentandcontrolgroup.

Conclusion:Aspartameconsumptionmayleadtodifficulties inpregnancy,decreasebirthratesandbirthweight in rats. Spermcount andactivity canbeaffectedbyAspartameingestion,furtherstudiesareneededtoinvestigatelongtermeffectofAspartameonovarianandtesticulartissue.


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King Fahad Medical City, RiyadhG-01

Nicotine dependence among cigarette smokers in Riyadh

Sara Alfadil1, Jehad Alharbi1, Mohammed Alsheef3., Rana Aldawsri1, Muhand AlJotly1, Naif Alkhalifi1, Abdulrahman Altwaijri2, Muhad Algaed2, Arshad Mian3,

ObjectivesOurstudy’saimwastoestimatethedegreeofnicotinedependenceamongcigarettesmokersinRiyadhusingtheFTQ.

Methods This study was a survey of 300 subjects selected randomly from Coffee-shops,Hookahcafésandpublicplaces.Participantswereintheagegroupof15-60yearsold.Thosewho consented to participatewere asked to complete a questionnairethatwascollectedimmediatelyafterwards.TheFTQconsistedofsixitemsrelatedtonicotinedependence. DatawasenteredandanalyzedusingSPSSversion19.TheanalysisconsistedoffrequenciesandcrosstabulationwithsignificancebeingtestedusingChiSquare.

Results Amongthe300subjects,9(3.2%)werefemales,and291(96.8%)weremales.31.5%ofthesubjectswerebetween25and29yearsofage,andthemeanagewas28.62(±8.0).77.9%ofsubjectshadaBachelor’sdegreeorhigher.Nicotinedependencyscoreshadaminimumscoreof0andmaximumof10,withamodeof7(±2)indicatingseveredependence.Therewasastrongassociationbetweentheagegroupandseverityofnicotinedependence(p<0.001).Therewasnoassociationfoundbetweeneducationallevel and degree of severity (p=0.485). Among the FTQ questions, “smoking thefirst cigarettewithin 5minutes afterwaking up from sleep“yielded the strongestassociationwithseverityofnicotinedependence(p<0.001).

Conclusion ThevastmajorityofparticipantsdemonstratedseverenicotinedependencebasedonFTQ,andmostofthemwerebetweenages15-34years.Thisstudyisofimportancefordevelopingandimplementingtobaccocessationstrategies.


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G-02

Are there enough neurosurgeons in Saudi Arabia?Kholoud Khalid Al Ghamdi, Ali H. Aljuzair, Kholoud Khalid AlGhamdi2, Abdulrahman J. Sabbagh,

AimTheaimofthisreportistoreviewthestatisticsofneurosurgeonsinSaudiArabia, estimates thePopulationNeurosurgeonRatio (PNR), and compare itwithotherpopulationratios.

MethodsDatawerecollectedfromdifferentsources (SaudiCouncilofHealthSubspecialties,Saudi Association of Neurological Surgeons, Central Department of Statistics andInformation and personal Contact Information) and looked at the PNR in each ofSaudimajorandintermediatecities.

ResultsTheKingdomofSaudiArabiahasatotalof207qualifiedneurosurgeonsofmultiplenationalities, Saudis and Egyptians forming the majority with 62 neurosurgeons(29.9%)each.TheKingdomhasameanofoneneurosurgeonper131096population.ThehighestnumberofPNRbeingKhamisMushait(PNR1:512599)and,thelowestinAlKhobar(PNR1:32,138).

Conclusion Workforce and Neurosurgical manpower should consider the vast territories ofSaudiArabiaandthedemographicdistributioninthefutureplansofneurosurgeonsemployment,accompaniedbyprovidingacceptablefacilitiestomaintaininternationalstandardofservice.

BackgroundNeurosurgery is one of the latest surgical specialties. The adequate number ofneurosurgeonspercapitahasalwaysbeenadebate. Itdifferedfrompopulationtopopulationand from time to time. It hasbeenproposed in1977 in the“StudyonSurgical Services for theUnitedStates” report (SOSSUS) tobe1neurosurgeonper100,000populationratio1,2.Manpowerrequirementinmedicineisbeingevaluatedcontinuously.Thus,theevaluationofeachcountry’srequirementofneurosurgeonsisbadlyneeded.


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RationaleTherearenopreviousstudies inSaudiArabiaor in theMiddleEast thathaveevercalculatedthePNR.SotheneedtocalculatethenumberofneurosurgeonsandtheirdistributioninSaudiArabiaisabsolutelynecessary

G-03

‘A ticking time bomb’ descending thoracic aortic aneurysm due to brucella melitensis: A case reportRana S Aldosary, Nizar Bakhsh1, Nahar Alanezi2, Arshad Mian3, Mohammed Alsheef4, Rana aldosary5, Lina H alsharif6

ObjectivesTo report a case of aorto-esophageal fistula secondary tomycotic thoracic aorticaneurysmduetoBrucellaMelitensistreatedwithendovascularrepair.

Methods Case Report: Case Description:A 52 years old male, with long-standing T2DM, presented to our emergencydepartment(ED)withahistoryofcentral,dullchestpain,radiatingtotheback.Hecomplainedofintermittenthighgradefever,chills,rigors,diaphoresis,unintentionalweightlossanddysphagiaforthreemonths.Historywaspositiveforrawmilkingestionand animal contact. Vitals revealed a temperature of 39.1°C; physical exam wasunremarkable.AdmissionlaboratorydatashowedWBC10/mm3,haemoglobin16.1mg/dL,plateletcount350,C-reactiveprotein28.5mg/dl,erythrocytesedimentationrate of 76 mm/h, normal electrolyes and coagulogram. Thoracic CT-angiogramdemonstratedasaccularaneurysmarisingfromthedescendingaorta,distaltooriginoftheleftsubclavianartery,withperi-aneurysmalhematomacompressingthecarina,mainbronchi,andesophagus(Fig.1).TwosetsofbloodcultureswerepositiveforB.Melitensis.Transthoracicandtransesophagealechocardiogramsruledout infectiveendocarditis. Brucella mycotic aneurysm was diagnosed; appropriate intravenousandoralantibioticswereinitiated.Duringhospitalization,patientdevelopedmassivehaematemesis necessitating transfusion of six units Packed RBCs. Angiographyexhibited aorto-esophageal fistula (Fig. 2), and urgent endovascular repair of theaneurysm was done. Subsequent angiography demonstrated satisfactory stentpositionwithnoendovascularleak.Patientreceivedintravenousgentamicinforsixweeksinthehospital,andwasdischargedhomeonlong-termoralantibiotics.


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Results Patientwasdischargedhome.Heagainrevisitedwithmassivehematemesiswithahemoglobin drop, but no endovascular leak on imaging. Blood transfusionsweregiven.Vascularsurgeonsdecidedtore-stent,asthethoracicsurgeondeemedpatientunsuitableforinvasivesurgicalinterventionforaorto-esophagealfistula.Esophagealstentingwas done, but the patient could not tolerate oral intake, requiring stentremoval.Thefollowingdaypatientbecameunstable,codedandexpired.

Conclusion Aorto-esophagealfistulainthesettingofmycoticaneurysmduetobrucellosisisrareandfataldiseaseandmayrequiringaggressivesurgicalmanagement.

G-04

“Prevalence of depression and its association with socio-demographic characteristics among general population”

Abdulaziz A. Al Atami, Abdulaziz A. AlAtmi 2, Abdulaziz U. Joury1 , Sara A. AlBabtain 3, Mohammed Alsharif 2, Norah A. AlBabtain 3, Abdullah Bin Mogbil 2, Mohammed A. AlRuwaili 2

Objectives Themainaimofthisstudywastodeterminetherelationshipbetweencertainchronicdiseases; hypertension, diabetes, low hemoglobin level and socio-demographiccharacteristics,withthepresenceofdepressivesymptomsamonggeneralpopulation.Determine its associated factors such as sleeping hours , smoking , health andnutritionalstatusamongadultsinSaudiArabiain2012.

MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study,measuresdepressionbyusing theBeckDepressionInventory(BDI-II)scale.Wightandheighthadbeentakentomeasurethebodymassindex (BMI) of the participants. Blood pressure (BP), random blood glucose (RBG)level,andhemoglobin(Hb)level,weremeasuredusingstandardmethodsroutinelyusedattheprimaryhealthcarecenters

ResultsAmongthose787participants,323(41%)werehavingnormalmoodvariationbasedon BDI-II scale, and the remaining 463 (59%) were ranged betweenmoderate to


Riyadh 201481

extremedepression.Forthesocio-demographiccharacteristics397(50.4%)werefemale,549(69.8%)weremarried, and 527 (67%)were Saudi. 144 (18.3%),was having at least one chronicdisease.About103(16.1%)oftheparticipantswereeithercurrentlysmokersorex-smokers.Basedonthemeasurements,only210(21.2%)ofparticipantswerehavingnormalBMI.FortheRBSmeasurement,687(87.3%)werehavingnormalbloodsugarreading.ForBPmeasurement,672(85.4%)werenormotensivewithBPreadingbelow140/90mmHg.Anemiawaspresentin22(5.7%)ofmalesand79(19.9%)offemales.Theresultsshowedthattherewerenosignificantrelationbetweendepressionandhavingatleastonechronicdiseasechronicwithp-value0.092.

ConclusionMore than half of the sample size have different symptoms of depression rangedbetweenmoderateandseveredepression.However,thereisnosignificantassociationbetweendepressionandchronicdiseasesamongpopulationwho lived inRiyadh,SaudiArabia.Further studieswith larger sample size recommended tobedone infuture.

G-05

Histopathological changes in brain and spinal cord tissues following the short-term use of hydrogen peroxide as a hemostatic agent in ratsMohammad M. Alshardan, Mohammad M Alshardan, Sadeq Aldandan, Shreef Alwateedi, Ali M Mustafa, Abdulrahman J Sabbagh

ObjectivesTheprimaryobjectiveofthepresentstudywastoevaluatethesafetyofhydrogenperoxide(HP)asahemostaticagentinnormalneuronaltissueduringneurosurgicalproceduresconductedinrats.Atotalof90maleWistaralbinoratsweighing250gto300gweredividedintotwogroups:thefirstgroup(groupA,60rats)underwentcorticalirrigationwithHP;andthesecondgroup(groupB,30rats)underwentspinalirrigationwithHP.Bothgroupswerefurtherdividedintothreesubgroups(20ratspersubgroupforgroupAand10ratspersubgroupforgroupB).GroupAunderwentacraniotomywhilegroupBunderwentalaminectomy;bothgroupswereirrigatedwithdifferentconcentrationsofHP(1%,3%or6%)for3min.Afterirrigation,tissuebiopsiesfromthespinalcordorthebrainwereobtained,whichwereexaminedhistologicallyandcomparedwithcontroltissues.Controltissuesweretheopposinghemisphereofthebrainfromeachrat,irrigatedwithnormalsaline,ortheupperlevelinthespinal


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cord.Datawereevaluatedusingtheappropriatestatisticaltooltocomparetreatedtissuewiththerespectivecontrols.Histopathologicalfindingsrevealedthatonlydarkneuronswereobserved;thesewerequantifiedinpercentages(0%to25%,25%to50%,50%to75%and75%to100%).ThecytoplasmrevealedcondensedanddarkNisslsubstance,andtheneuritesandaxonsexhibitedacorkscrewmorphology.Noischemicchangesorinflammatoryinfiltrateswereobserved.Themajorityofthedarkneuronswereobservedattheperipheryoftissuefragments.

Conclusion ThepresentstudyshowednosignificanthistopathologicalchangeswhenusingHPcomparedwithsalineforirrigationofratbrainandspinalcordtissues.ThepresentstudymayconfirmthesafetyofHPasahemostaticagentinneurosurgicalprocedures.Therewasnonecroticeffectobservedonanyofthesamples.

G-06

Factors associated with diabetes mellitus prediction among pregnant Arab subjects with or without gestational diabetesNaji Aljohani, Najla Almujally, Maha Alsharqi, Amal Al Serehi, Amjad M. Ahmed, Badr Aldin M. Buhari, Saad Alzahrani, Eeman At Taras, Najla Almujally, Maha Alsharqi, Mohammed Alqahtani, Mussa Almalki

ObjectivesThereisscarcityofavailableinformationonthepossiblesignificantriskfactorsrelatedtodiabetesmellitus(DM)predictionamongexpectantSaudimotherswithorwithoutgestationaldiabetesmellitus(GDM).ThepresentstudyisthefirsttoidentifysuchriskfactorsintheArabcohort.

Methods Atotalof300pregnantsubjects(meanage33.45±6.5years)wererandomlyselectedfromallthedeliveriesregisteredattheObstetricsDepartmentofKingFahadMedicalCity,RiyadhSaudiArabiafromMarch/2011toApril/2013.Demographicandbaselineglycemicinformationwerecollected.

Results Atotalof7highlysignificantandindependentriskfactorswereidentified:age,obesity,familyhistoryofDM,GDM<20weeks,macrosomia, insulin therapyand recurrentGDM.Amongthesefactors,subjectswhohadinsulintherapyuseare5timesmore


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likelytodevelopDMT2(p-value3.94x10-14)followedbyrecurrentGDM[odds-ratio4.69(ConfidenceInterval2.34-4.84);p=1.24x10-13).

Conclusion TheidentificationoftheriskfactorsmentionedwiththeirrespectivepredictivepowersinthedetectionofDMT2needstobetakenseriouslyinthepost-partumassessmentofSaudipregnantpatientsathighestrisk.

G-07

The status and challenges of research on bioethics in the Arab worldHaila O.AL-Othman, Prof. Omar Hasan Kasule, Dr. Abdulaziz F. Al Kaabba, Dr. Ghaiath M. Hussien, Haila Al Othman, Ghaya Muhammed

ObjectivesThemainobjectiveofthisresearchwastoassessthequantityandqualityofethicsresearchoutputintheArabworld.

Methods ResearchreportswereretrievedfromPUBMEDandlocaljournalsintheArabworld.A questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to research wasadministeredtoresearchersonethicsidentifiedfrompublicationreports.

Results Analysisofthequestionnairedatashowedinterestinvariousethicsfieldsasfollows:healthethics71.4%,clinicalethics71.4%,researchethics85.7%,publichealthethics35.7%; environmental ethics 7.1%, organizational ethics 10.7%, and others 3.6%.About 85.7%hadethics included in their current job title. Exposure to ethicswas83.3%duringundergraduate,45%duringpostgraduateeducation,and59.3%afterprofessional training. Attendance at conferences was a major source of training,77.8% reported attending conferences on ethics. 81.5% reported publishing orresearchonethics in thepast5years.Levelsofsatisfactionwithethics research intheArabworldwerelow.Themainproblemsofethicsresearchwerestatedas:lackoffinancialsupport13(26.5%),shortageofhumanresources9(18.4%),lowmotivation11(22.4%),policyissues9(18.4%),andothers7(14.3%).

Conclusion ThereweremanygapsinthepublishedresearchregardingethicalissuesintheArab


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world.Theattitudesandpracticesofphysicians regardingdisclosure,consent,andprofessionalismwereveryvariableprecludinganygeneralizations.Manypublicationswere found onmedical errorsmaking them themost published ethical problem.Healthcare workers’ attitudes and practices regarding reporting errors were low.Publicawarenessoferrorswashighwithanincreasingnumberoflitigationsagainstphysiciansandhospitals. Inconclusion,ethicsresearchintheArabworldis limitedandmuchremainstobedone.


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College of Medicine, JeddahH-01

Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma: A case report and review of the literatureFaris Attieh Al Zahrani

Objectives 1.Reportingacaseofdesmoplasticinfantileastrocytoma2. Recent review the literature regarding desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma &desmoplasticinfantileganglioglioma(fromtheyear2004totheyearof2013).

Methods WesearchthedatabasePubMedusingtheterms“desmoplasticinfantileastrocytoma,””desmoplasticinfantileganglioglioma.”“cerebralsuperficialastrocytomaofinfancy,”&“desmoplasticcerebralastrocytomaofinfanncy.”Then, we retrieved all articles from 2004 up to now. All those articles that had adiagnosisdifferent fromDIAorDIGwereexcluded.Someof thearticleswerealsoexcluded, because theywerewritten in a non-English language, & therewere notranslationforthearticle.

Results Atotalof53articleswerereviewed.Atotalof47caseshavebeenreviewed,includingourcase.DIA/DIGismorecommoninmalesthaninfemales.

Conclusion DIA&DIGarerare,large,supratentorial,dural-basedtumors,thatariseinthefirst24monthsoflife.Althoughlargeinnature,itdoesnotexhibitanymalignantfeatures;suchas,mitoses,necrosis,oratypia.Theprognosisofsuchtumorsarefairlybenignaftergrosstotalresection,&recurrenceisnotcommon.However,therehavesomecasesthatdemonstratedamalignantcourseorrecurrence.


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College of Nursing, JeddahI-01

The relationship between learning styles and academic achievement of nursingstudents

Amal Saad Alshehri, Amjad Khayat, Wafika Suliman

Aim and PurposeToassesstherelationshipbetweenacademicsuccessandlearningstylesofnursingstudentsintheconventional(StreamI)andtheaccelerated(StreamII)baccalaureatenursing educationprograms.This studywill bebeneficial to students, faculty andinstitutionsasitwillhelpthemtoacquirebetterunderstandingoflearningstylesofnurses,aswellastherelationshipbetweenlearningstylesandacademicsuccess.

Method Thiswasadescriptivecorrelationalstudy.Theconveniencesampleconsistedof40Stream I and30Stream II students.Datawerecollectedby theuseofKolb (1985)LearningStyles Inventory;and theGradePointAveragewasusedasameasure toparticipants’academicachievements.Descriptivestatistics(i.e.,meansandstandarddeviations) and inferential statistics (PearsonCorrelationCoefficient)wereused toanalyzedata.

ResultsThe predominant learning styles of Streams I and II were the diverger and theassimilator, respectively. The findings indicated a non-significant weak correlation(rangeofr =–0.102-0.098)betweenlearningabilitiesandacademicsuccess.

I-02

Management of dysmenorrheal symptoms among Saudi nursing students at the College of Nursing- Jeddah (CON-J)

Hanin SaedAljehni, Waad Abdulrahman Segaf , Rzaz Aziz Saidi, Dalia Sunari

BackgroundDysmenorrheaisoneofthemostcommongynaecologicproblemsthataffectmostadolescentsandyoungadults.Thisprocesshasnegativeimpactsonthequalityoflife


Riyadh 201487

ofalargepercentageofadolescentandyoungadults.Thisstudywillaimtodeterminethe prevalence of primary dysmenorrhea among female university Students.Moreover,itwillidentifymanagementstrategiesusedbySaudigirlshighlightingthemostcommonmethodtorelievedysmenorrhea.

Study Design Thestudyusedadescriptivedesign.Thestudyincluded60female,nursingstudentsagedbetween(18-30)years.

Results In this study, the mean ages of the study participants were 21.63 + 2.26 years.Approximately 90% suffered from dysmenorrhea pain. 63.3% never experienceddiarrheaduringmenstruationwhile55%alwayshadbackpain. Inaddition,71.7%ofstudentswereapplyingheatandalmost87%usedbedrest.However,60%neverusedNSAIDsandonly23.3%alwaysusedotheranalgesiaand40%aretakingdifferentherbaltreatments.

Conclusions The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among Saudi nursing students found to be90%which is compatiblewith other studies sharing the same demographic datadistribution.Themostcommonsymptomthestudentscomplainedofwasbackpain.Therefore,it is understandable that the most common management method found to bebed rest. Although, NSAIDs are widely used as first-line therapy in women withprimarydysmenorrhea,60%ofourparticipantsneveruseNSAIDasmanagementofdysmenorrhea.Traditional treatments arewidelyused to treatdysmenorrhea.Thismayberelatedtothefactthatsomewomenperceivedysmenorrheaasnormalandnotrequiringtheuseofmedication.


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I-03

Role of the school nurse as perceived by students’ parent in Jeddah

Dema Ahmed AlHudaifi, Mervat Mahdi Bajoudah, Ghida Omran Almaggrby, Houida Helal

Schoolhealthprogramsareconsideredoneof themosteffective strategies thatanationwouldusetopreventmajorhealthproblemsanddisasters.Inadditiontotheroleofthefamily,schoolsarethemajorinstitutionforprovidingtheinstructionandexperiencesthatprepareyoungpeoplefortheirrolesashealthy,productiveadults.Schoolnursesfacilitatepositivestudentresponsestonormaldevelopment;promotehealthandsafety;intervenewithactualandpotentialhealthproblems;providecasemanagementservices;andactivelycollaboratewithotherstobuildstudentandfamilycapacityforadaptation,self-management,self-advocacy,andlearning”.InthisstudyDescriptive researchdesignwasusedtodeterminetheroleof theschoolnurseasperceivedbythestudents’parentsinJeddah.Aconveniencesamplewasrecruitedforthestudy.Theestimatednumberwas200schoolstudents’parentslivinginJeddah.ThestudywasconductedatdifferentpublicplacesinJeddah.Thestudyquestionnaireincludedthreeparts,first,Socio-demographicdata,second,alistofresponsibilitiesofaschoolnurseclassifiedaccordingtotheschoolhealthprogramcomponentsandthird,openendedquestionsregardingthemostimportantresponsibilityoftheschoolnurseandthemost importanthealtheducationtopicasperceivedbytheparents.Theresultsofthisstudyrevealedthat82.5%ofthestudysubjectsweremothers.Themajorityofschoolsdon’thaveschoolnurseand6%haveaschoolnurseandalltheparentspreferhiringaschoolnurse for theirchildrenschools.Regardingthemostimportantresponsibilityoftheschoolnurseasperceivedbytheparents,screeningwasconsideredherfirstresponsibilitybynearlyaquarterofparents,while22%oftheparentsagreedthatpreventionandcontrolofcommunicablediseaseswasthefirstimportanthealtheducationtopic.Recommendation:TheMinistryofEducationshouldrecruitanurseforeachschoolwithatleastabachelor’snursingdegreeandprovideherwithenoughequipmentandfacilities.


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I-04

Sleep disorders among nursing students: The association with their academic performance

Reham Faiz Alshehri, Reema Ahmed Aqabawi, Alia Attiah Al-shomrani, Zahra Abdu Alshehri, Reham Saud Alhindi, Aljawhra Mohammed Abuaali, Amal Khalil

BackgroundSleep is a vital part of students’ development, poor or inadequate sleep canhavedramatically negative impact on a student’s daily functioning, particularly schoolperformance.

Aim of the StudyThepresentstudywasdesigned to investigate thesleepdisordersamongnursingstudents,anditseffectontheiracademicperformance.

Participants and MethodsA quantitative descriptive correlational designwas used to collect data from 130nursing students from stream 1and 2with different academic levels at college ofnursing,Jeddah.Ourtoolconsistsof3mainpartsincluding:demographicdataofthetargetgroup,Questionnaireonsleepanddaytimehabits(QSandDH)wasadoptedfromJainetal.,2013.QS,andDHofmultiplechoicetype,coveredsleepanddaytimehabits(25questions),life-styleandacademicprogress(3questions),andonequestionofcoursecurriculum.TheEpworthSleepinessScale(ESS)wasalsoincludedtoidentifysleepdisorderandgradepointaveragewasrecordedforacademicperformance.

ResultsThere were 130 responses with a response rate of nearly 55% .The ESS scoredemonstrated that33.2%ofparticipantswereconsidered tohaveabnormal sleephabits,withanegativecorrelation-.036betweenacademicperformanceandthosehavingproblemsof sleepdisorderandpositivecorrelation.089betweenacademicperformanceandcoursecurriculum.

Conclusion and RecommendationStudy reported presence of sleep disorder among the studied group of nursingstudents Analysis of the relationship between sleep disorder and academicperformance indicatesa significant relationshipbetweenabnormalESS scores,QS


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andDH,andacademicperformance.Therefore,aneducationalprogramshouldbedeveloped to educate the undergraduate nursing students about the importanceof adequate sleep to their academic performance, and general physical andpsychologicalwellbeing.

I-05

Willingness of nursing students to provide care for patients with HIV/AIDS

Zahra Hassan Alsharde, Ohud Shawqi Banjar, Fatimah Salem Ba Shmail, Sahar Radi

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) are serious life-threatening illnesses. Nurses have always been in the frontlineoffightingtheHIVepidemic.Toourknowledge,intheGulfregion,specificallyinSaudiArabia,therearenopublishedstudiesassessingwillingnessofBaccalaureatenursingstudentstocareforHIV/AIDSpatientsinJeddah,SaudiArabia.

Purpose of the Study ThepurposeofthecurrentstudywastoinvestigatewillingnessofnursingstudentstocareforpatientswithHIV/AIDS.Methodology:Thedesignof this studywasdescriptivecorrelational.Aconvenientsample comprised of 112 students enrolled in Baccalaureate nursing program,collegeof nursing, King SaudBinAbdulazizUniversity forHealth Sciences-Jeddahareusedinthestudy.Students’knowledgeaboutHIV/AIDSwasmeasuredusingHIV/AIDSKnowledgeQuestionnaire (HIV-KQ-18) (Carey&Schroder,2002)andstudents’attitudestowardpatientswithHIV/AIDSwasmeasuredusingtheHIV/AIDSAttitudeScale(AAS)(Fromanetal.,1992).

Results Students reportedhigh levelof knowledgeaboutHIV/AIDS (M=13.1, SD=2.4), andhigh levels of positive attitudes toward patients with HIV/AIDS (M=55.4, SD=6.1).Students’positiveattitudestowardpatientswithHIV/AIDSwassignificantlycorrelatedwiththeirknowledgeaboutHIV/AIDS(p<.01;r=0.26).2

ConclusionFindingsindicatedthattherewashighlevelofknowledgeaboutHIV/AIDSandhighpositiveattitudestowardpatientswithHIV/AIDSamongnursingstudents.Recommendation:Studyfindingssuggestedprovidingcurrent,correct information


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aboutHIV/AIDS,especiallyHIVmodeof transmission fornursingcollege students.Itisalsorecommendedtoimprovenursingstudents’willingnesstocareforpatientswithHIV/AIDS.

I-06

Eating patterns among adolescents in Jeddah

Sabah Hamid Alzahrani, Zainah Lafay Al Sulmy, Eman Mohammed Al Shomrani, Wafaa Elarousy

IntroductionAdolescence is a critical growth and transitional period between childhood andadulthood.Adolescences’dietarybehaviorswillinfluencetherisksofchronicdiseaseslaterinlifeandproduceanewgenerationwithbaddietarybehaviors(4).About70%ofobeseadolescentsgrowuptobecomeobeseadults.

Aim of the StudyTheaimof thestudywas to investigate theeatingpatternsamongadolescents inJeddahMethodology:Adescriptivedesignwasused.Aquestionnairewasdevelopedbytheresearchers.Convenientsampleof160maleandfemaleadolescentswererecruitedfrom2schoolsinJeddah.

Results Theresultsrevealedthatthemajorityofparticipants(96.3%)donotfollowaspecialdiet.Whenparticipantswereaskedaboutthemealthattheyregularlyeat,breakfastwasreportedby13.1%whilelunchanddinnerwerereportedby41.3%and45.6%respectively.Twentyfivepercentofparticipantsreportedthattheyeatoutororderfooddailywhilemorethanhalfofthemreportedthattheyorderedfoodweekly.

Conclusion Itwas reported that twentyfivepercentofadolescentsareeatingoutororderingfoodinondailyorweeklybasisandweeklywasreportedby55%fromthestudy.Itcanbeconcludedthatadolescentsdonothavehealthyeatingpatternsandtheywillbeatriskofincreasingtheincidenceofobesityamongadolescent.


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RecommendationHealtheducationandphysicaleducationprogramsintheschoolsarerecommendedtopromotehealthylifestylesanddietaryhabits.

I-07Corporal punishment from the children’s point of viewAbeer Khalied Almotiri, Nojood Alrayes, Wafaa Elarousy

IntroductionCorporalpunishment(CP)istheuseofphysicalforcewiththeintentionofcausingachildtoexperiencepain,butnotinjury,forpurposesofcorrectionorcontrolthechild’sbehavior.Acrossdecadesofresearches,corporalpunishmenthasbeenimplicatedintheetiologyofcriminalandantisocialbehaviorsbybothchildrenandadults.

Aim of the StudyTheaimofthestudywastoassesscorporalpunishmentfromthechildren’spointofview.

Methodology Descriptivedesignwasused.Non-propability“Quota”samplingwasusedinordertoobtainarepresentativesample(300children)fromthe3levelsintwointermediateschools.Aquestionnairewasdevelopedbytheresearchersafterreviewingofliterature.

ResultsThreehundredchildrenparticipatedintheresearchequallypresentedbygenderandthreeintermediateeducationallevels.Fiftytwopercentoftheparticipantsreportedthattheyexperiencedcorporalpunishment;60.2%ofthemdidnotrememberthelasttimewhilecorporalpunishmentwasreportedtodayby12.8%andlastweekby18%ofthem.Abouthalfof theparticipantswerepunishedbytheir fathersandaround48.1%of theparticipantswerepunishedbyhands followedbyuseof stick (43%).Misbehavior, incomplete homework; missing prayer and bad school performancewerethereasonsforcorporalpunishment(39.1%,15.4%,9%and7.7%respectively).No statistical significant differences were found in relation to using corporalpunishmentandfamilysize,father’semploymentorparent’shealthstatus.MostoftheparticipantsreportedthattheywillnotuseCPinfuturewiththeirchildren.


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ConclusionThe study revealed that fifty two percent of the participants reported that theyexperiencedcorporalpunishment,abouthalfoftheparticipantswerepunishedbytheirfathersandaround48.1%oftheparticipantswerepunishedbyhandsfollowedbystick(43%).MostoftheparticipantsreportedthattheywillnotuseCPinfuturewiththeirchildren.

Recommendations ·Developstrategiesthatprohibitscorporalpunishmentinallsettings·IncreaseawarenessamongparentsaboutchildrearinginourIslamicrulesandthewaystomodifythechildrenbehavioursratherthancorporalpunishment.

I-08

Electro convulsive therapy: Impact of an educational program in developing knowledge and attitude of psychiatric nurses working at psychiatric hospital Jeddah

Azizza Gabir Alsulami, Alaa Eissa Abud Alwahed, Amal Khalil

Objective of StudyTo assess knowledge level and attitudes of nurses toward ECT. (Pre, and postassessment). Investigate the association between the knowledge of and attitudestowards ECT ,and examine the relationship between nurses’ knowledge of andattitudestowardsECTandtheirgender,age,andlengthofworkexperience.

Sample Thestudysampleconsistedof20nurses’malesand femalesworkingatpsychiatrichospital Jeddah affiliated to Ministry of Health who agreed to participate in theprogram.

Tool Three-partquestionnaireincluding(firstpart:Socio–demographicdataquestionnaire,the second part consists of two questions; both questions are concerned withparticipants’knowledgeandthethirdpartisa28itemself-reportedquestionnaire).

ResultsThetotalnumberofparticipantswas20,malesandfemaleswereequalinnumber.The


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majorityofparticipants(80%)hadmorethan3yearsofworkexperienceatpsychiatrichospitalJeddah.twoindicatedthatthemeanscoreofparticipantsonECTprogrampre-testwas65.4andthattheirmeanscoreofthepost-testwas71.4.Thedifferenceisstatisticallysignificantinfavorofthepost-test(P=.011).indicatedthatthemeanscoreofparticipants’knowledgewas45.15,andthemeanscoreparticipants’attitudewas25.25.Therewasnostatisticalsignificance(P>0.05)betweenparticipantsknowledge,andattitudewiththeirgender,age,andexperience.

Conclusion Providing and expanding accurate knowledge about ECT is necessary in order toimprovetheattitudestowardsECT.Despitethelimitationsofthestudy,theseresultswereextremelypromising.


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College of Nursing, Al-AhsaJ-01

Fast food pattern and body mass index among female students at CON-AAthmar Ali M Al Herz

IntroductionIn Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries, the remarkable economy growth hasaffectedthepopulation lifestyle inanegativeway. Inaddition,dietaryhabitshaveundergonemajorchangesaswell.Frequentconsumptionoffast-foodisharmfulasitusuallycontainsmorefatandlessfibersthanordinaryfood.DataondietaryhabitsandfoodconsumptionpatternsamongSaudipopulationarelimited.

ObjectiveTo explore the BMI distribution among Saudi female university students’ foodconsumptionpattern.Additionally,healthrelatednutritionalbehaviorswereassessed.

MethodsAcross-sectionaldesignwasutilized.Atotalof237studentswereselectedfromCollege of Nursing in Al-Ahsa (CON-A) at King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University forHealth Sciences after the approval of the College Review Board. All participantswere collected at their free time and asked to fulfill the Fast Food ConsumptionquestionnairesattheirownpaceinadditiontoweighingandmeasuringhighestofeachparticipantformeasuringBMIofeachparticipant.

J-02

Perceived stress of bachelor of nursing students at initial clinical practice and physio-psycho-social status : A Pilot Study

Hajjah Hajjan Mubarak Alanazi, Batool Abdullah Hussin Al Mogarrib, Shurooq Ahmed Mohammed Al Aqnam, Zainab Hussain Abdullah Al Qanbar

IntroductionThe impact of stress on the health of nursing students has not been extensivelyresearchedinthedisciplineofnursing,Theinitialclinicalexperienceonanewwardhasbeenidentifiedasasourceofstressandanxietyfornursingstudents.Althoughit


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isnaturalforstudentnursestoencounterstressintheirclinicalpracticeexperiences,excessorprolongedstresscanhavedetrimentaleffectsonstudentnurses’physical,psychological,andsocialhealthandwell-being.

Aim toinvestigateEffectofperceivedstress(PSS)ofBSCnursingstudentsatinitialclinicalpracticeontheirsphysio-psycho-social(PPSRS)status

Methods ThestudywasconductedattheCollegeofNursinginAl-Ahsa(CON-A)atKingSaudBinAbdulAzizUniversityforHealthSciences(KSAU-HS).Descriptivecross-sectionaldesignwasutilized.Atotalof(42)studentswereinterviewedtofulfill outPSSandPPSRSscalesattheirownpace.

Results TheMeantotalstressscorewas(M=2.12±.565);Meanofstressarousedfromlackofknowledgewas(M=1.85±.695);assignmentsandworkloadwas(M=2.5821±.70311);taking care of patients was (M=1.9018±.78938); clinical environment was(M=2.0595±.96821);andfromteachersandnursingstaffwas(M=2.0802±.72168).TheMeantotalscoreofPPSRSwas(M=1.0107±.689).Therewereasignificantcorrelationbetweenstress scoresandphysiopsychosocial status; (r=0.652**;P=.000) Multipleregressionanalysisindicatedthatstressfromclinicalenvironmentandstressteachersandnursingstaffwerepredictorvariablesofphysio-psychosocialstatus(Beta=0.516;P=0.45;Beta0.582;P=0.47)

Conclusion Perceived Stress from clinical practice (PSS) affects physio-psycho-social (PPSRS)status. Stress aroused from clinical environment, teachers and nursing staffwerepredictorvariablesofphysio-psycho-social.

J-03

The perception of female nursing students about the influence of technology on family relationshipsDuaa Ali Ahmad Al Saad, Duaa Abdulgani Ali AlBrahim, Anhar Ali Al Herz, Sakinah Abduljalil Bensaad


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ObjectivesExplorethefrequencyofuseoftechnologyamongnursingstudentsDescribetheinfluenceoftechnologyonrelationshipsExploretheimpactoftechnologyonrelationships

Methods Aqualitative,explorativeanddescriptivedesignwasusedthroughwhichdatawascollected by in-depth interviews with 20 participants who were proportionallyrandomlyselectedinonenursingcollegeinAlAhasa.Aninterviewguidewasusedtoguidetheinterviewerandfocusontheobjectivesofthestudy.

Results Most of the participants were unmarried (82%), made use of smart phones, allhadbetween2-3cellphones. Allpossessedat least3 to7 typesof technologicalcommunicationdevices. Thetimespentinusingtechnologywasmostly3-8hoursperdayonthesmartphoneandotherdevicesintermittently.Interestingly,allfamilymembers used some or other kind of technological device during conversations.Communicationingroupsandfamilieswerereportedtobesuperficialandinterrupted.Five themes and several subthemes emerged from the study. Main themeswere“Effectonstudiesandstudytime”;“Expressionthroughcommunication”;“Exposurethroughtechnology;“Impactonfamilylife”and“Maintainingcultural,religiousandsocialidentity”.

Conclusion Interesting informationwas revealed. The impacton the familywas less than theimpact on the studies of the students. Almost all participants deviated from theinterviewtopicaboutthefamilyandfocusedmoreontheinfluenceoftechnologyoneducationandtraining.

J-04

The perceptions of the Saudi community of Saudi females pursuing a career in the profession

Thikrayat Saad Saleh Al Farhan, Husa Abdullateef R Al Yousif, Hajar Abdullah Al Oufy, Angam Yahia A Farzei, Eidah Yousef Khalil Al Harran, Ghaida Naser A Al HajrafObjectivesExploretheperceptionofSaudi’stowardsnursingasaprofession


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Describe how cultural and religious beliefs influence perceptions of the nursingprofessionforSaudifemalesDescribewherethenursingprofessionfitsinSaudiazationExplore how the nursing profession has contributed the empowerment of Saudiwomen

Methods Thiswasaqualitative, explorativeanddescriptivedesign throughwhichdatawascollected by in-depth interviewswith twenty five participants, ofwhich 15malesand10 females,withanaverageageof 35 years,whowere selectedbymeansofsnowballing. The studywas conducted under the National Guard employees andtheirfamiliesintheAlHassaregionofSaudiArabia.

J-07

Impact of different teaching strategies on classroom anxiety for English as a second language (ESL) learnersKawtharYusofHabebAlYusof,HanadiSaudFahdAlAbood

IntroductionSincesuccessfullanguagelearningisamultifacetedcreationwheremanyvariableshave complex relationship together, they eventually influence student’s attitudetowardslearningalanguage.ObjectivesTheaimofthisstudyisassesstheCollegeofNursingAl-Ahsaa(CON-A)students’levelofanxietyincommunicationwithothers,fearoffailureinexams,andfearofnegativeevaluationthatmayoccurinanysocialevaluation.

Methods Students’ anxiety levels before and after implementing and enhancing classroom-student centered teaching strategies was assessed. Student’s anxiety level wasassessedbeforeandafter exposure to the languageanxiety concept through twoformal lectures and workshops. The Horwitz et al. (1986) The Foreign LanguageClassroomAnxiety(FLCAS)questionnairewasadministeredatthetwotimes.Results Atotalof118students(n=58)before implementingtheteachingstrategies(n=60)andafterimplementingtheimplementation.Themeanageofparticipantswas18.6years,18studentsweremarriedandat leasthad1child.Forty-threestudentshad


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previous exposure to studying English language at a private institutebefore theiradmissiontoCON-Awhichmightbeaninterveningfactorwiththeresults..Nosignificantdifferencesexistedwhencomparingthestudentsanxietylevelbeforeand after implementing teaching strategies (mean Anxiety Score was 98.7759 ±19.45850)thebeforestageand95.9500±20.70638intheafterstage).

Conclusion Theresearchersconcludethattherecouldbearelationshipbetweenthestudent’spervious exposure to English language learning at private institutes before theiradmission toCON-A, and anxiety level. Not overlooking the fact that the secondquestionnairewasadministeredtostudentsaweekbeforetheirfinalexams.

J-08

Perceptions of psychiatry among first year Saudi university students in the Al-Hassa population

Eman Abdullah Alabdalbage

ObjectivesExploretheperceptionsofjuniorfemalenursesaboutpsychiatryExploretheperceptionsaboutpsychiatricpatientsDescribereasonsfordelayedtreatmentforpsychiatricpatientsinthecommunityMethodsAqualitative,explorativeanddescriptivedesignwasused.Twofocusgroupinterviewswith12participantseachwererandomlyselectedfromapopulationof83firstyearstudents. FocusgroupdiscussionswereheldinoneCollegeofNursinginAlAhsa.Aninterviewguideconsistingoffivepossiblequestionswasusedasaguidefortheinterviewer.

Results Fivemainthemeswereidentifiedinbothgroups.Itwasevidentfromthecontentofthetwogroupsthattherewasconsistencywiththeirperceptions. Datasaturationwasreachedafterthesecondgroup.Themeswere:“Theperceptionsofthecausesof psychiatric disease”; “Feelings towards the person suffering from a psychiatricdisease”;“Erosive attitudes leading to the stigmaof psychiatry”;“Feelings towardswithmentallyillpatients”and“Nursesworkinginpsychiatrichospitals”.


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Conclusion The studywas indeed interesting andmany recommendationsweremadewhichalso showed a lack of knowledge, however all the participants agreed that thiswouldbeaninterestingfieldtostudyandworkin.Theliteraturereviewedafterdatacollectionandanalysisconcludedthatmanyofthesub-themeswerealsofoundinothercountriesandthatfearsandsuperstitionsexperiencedandexpressedbySaudiNurseswasnotuniquebutconsistentwithotherswhohadnotyetbeenexposedtopsychiatrictraining.

J-09

Assessing the correlation of examination stress and eating behavior among adolescent nursing students at College of Nursing (CON A) Al Ahsa

Heba Fareed AlDhaif, Sajidah Abdulaziz AlHashem

ObjectivesThe study focused on assessing the effects of stress on students’ eating behaviorbeforeandduringexaminationperiod.

MethodsDescriptivecorrelationaldesignwasimplemented. DatawascollectedfromCONAStreamInursingstudentsintwophases,duringthefallsemester2013-14.Threeself-administeredquestionnairesweredevelopedfordemographic,stresslevelandeatingbehavior.

Results Atotalof129CONAstudentsparticipatedinphase1and110inphase2.Mostofthestudentslivewiththeirfamiliesdonotregularlyexerciseandtheydolistentomusicintheirleisuretime.Studentsweighedfrom38to110Kgwithameanof54.5±11.84,andtheirheightrangedfrom142to171Cmwithameanof156.2±5.7.PhaseIdatashowedthattotalscoreofstudents’stresslevelrangedfrom47to115andameanof79.03±12.38(maximumstresslevelscoreis130.Forthestudentseatingbehavior theirscorerangedfrom69to121withameanof101.3±9.7 (maximumeatingbehaviorscoreis170).Therewasnosignificantcorrelationbetweenstudents’stresslevelandtheireatingbehaviorinphaseone(r=0.08,p=0.33).PhaseIIdatashowedthatstudentsstresslevelrangedfrom48to116withameanof78.9±13.09.Forthestudentseatingbehaviortheirscorerangedfrom79to145with


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ameanof101.8±10.9. Therewasanon-significantnegativecorrelationbetweenstudentsstressandeatingbehaviorscores(r=-0.16,p=0.08). Additionally,TherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenphaseIandIIresults.

Conclusion Students’eatingbehavior isunhealthyandthestudyresultsshowedthatstudentseatingbehaviorwasnotaffectedbytheexaminationstress.


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Calligraphy, Photography, Arts, Documentaries

Calligraphy

Calligraphy

نسرين المولد

صفية أبو شفة


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Photography

Photography

ريان إبراهيم الحماد

عبدالعزيز خالد المنيفي


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Photography

عبدالعزيز خالد السعد


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Photography

فاطمة صالح الخميس


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Photography

رقية كاظم الخليفة


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Photography

Photography

مرام عبدالرحمن الملحم

سلمى الوباري


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Photography

ابتسام اليحياوي

Photography

أنهار الحرز


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Photography

Painting

يارا فهد القريني

سارة الحربي


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Painting

Painting

إسراء باحميدان

لجين مؤمنة


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Painting

Drawing

نسرين المولد

هبة المبارك


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Drawing

غيداء البارقي


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Drawing

والء بوبشيت


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األفالم الوثائقيهالكلية اسم الطالبة عنوان الفيلم

التمريض - جدة DIALYSIS HAYA FAHAD ALKHAMEESI

التمريض - جدة HEART ATTACK AWATIF ABDULLAH RIDHA

التمريض - جدة CHLESTEROL SAHAR RIYAD FARAJ

التمريض - جدة IMMUNE SYSTEM SARAB ALKHEDAIRI

التمريض - جدة DIABETES AMANI HOMEED ALHARBI

التمريض - جدة HADEEL YOUSIF HAWSAWI عملية تطهير القولون

التمريض - جدة GHADAH ALJAWI بحرة بين مكة وجدة

التمريض - جدة حقوق المرأه في اإلسالم WEJDAN SHGIGI

التمريض - جدة AISHA ALSHAMRANY التحرش الجنسي ضد األطفال

كلية الطب - الرياض EPILEPSY أثير شبيب العتيبي

خدمة مجتمعيةالكلية عنوان المشاركة أسم الطالب

كلية الطب- الرياض ملتقى صحتك تاج عبد اهلل يوسف العلولة

كلية الطب-الرياض إتهموني بالجنون سلطان الحوطي

كلية الطب-الرياض مشروع مصدري موثوق خالد العبد الجبار

كلية التمريض - الرياض حملة مؤازره للصحة النفسية أنغام باصقر

كلية الطب- الرياض المشروع الصحي التطوعي بالحج

لعام 1434هبدر سعد القحطاني


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College of Medicine, Undergraduate, Riyadh

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