Collective Action:

Time for Change

GCARD

Montpellier, March 2010

Colin Chartres and Carlos Seré

This presentation…

� The ‘grand challenges’

� Successful partnerships

� The role of the CGIAR

� A vision for the future� A vision for the future

The R4D paradigm is changing

E-Comms

9 billion people by 2050

Climate change

Food crisesCollapsing fish

stocks

Global food chains disadvantage

smallholders

Growth of

private sectorStrength of

BRICs

Networked science

Urbanization

Dietary change

Energy crises –

biofuel competition

Climate change

Water scarcity

increasing challenges – increasing opportunities

stocks

Deforestation, soil

erosion and exhaustion

Economies of scale

Priority

Setting

Research &

Development Extension Adoption

Last century’s output delivery model

Evaluation

Pop. m

2009

Pop. m

2050 Growth

Africa 1010 1998 98%

Asia 4121 5231 27%

Europe 732 691 - 5%

Grand Challenge: Population and poverty

Source: Stan Wood et al. (IFPRI) 2009Source: Stan Wood et al. (IFPRI) 2009

LA and

Caribbean582 729 25%

Grand Challenge: Food and feed demand

The world will require 1 billion tonnes of additional cereal grains to 2050 to meet food and feed

demands (IAASTD 2009)

Grains1048 million tonnes

more to 2050more to 2050

humanconsumption

458 million MT

Livestock430 million MT

Monogastrics mostly

biofuels160 million MT

Grand Challenge: Water scarcity

Grand Challenge: Gender equity

� Large (and increasing) role of

women in agriculture, but

underserved by R&D system

� Meeting needs of women as well

as men leads to increased

productivity and reduces povertyproductivity and reduces poverty

� go beyond staple grain

production

� address differential challenges

Grand Challenge: Innovation and adoption

M. Ivanovic & W. Martin, World Bank, 2010

Successful partnerships

We could show you many

examples of successful

partnerships…

Focusing on the very poor:Fisheries in Bangladesh

Partners:� Dept of Fisheries, Bangladesh� 11 NGOs and private organizations� WorldFish

Target:Target:� >23,000 households� 113 water bodies

Output: � 100 fish sanctuaries

Outcome:� Improved fisheries� Empowered marginal community

Sharing and comparing:Water management solutions

Partners:� IWMI, FAO, IFPRI, SEI and national research systemsTarget:� Improved livelihoods of 1 m smallholder farmers in 5 years in 5 SSA countries and 2 Indian statesin 5 years in 5 SSA countries and 2 Indian statesOutput:� Suitable agricultural water management solutions identified Outcome:� Investments in water management, policy interventions, improved business models and supply chains, community empowerment

Working together for better policy

Partners:� African Union, NEPAD, ECOWAS, SADC, COMESA, CGIAR (IFPRI, ILRI, IWMI, ICRISAT, IITA)Target:� 6% agricultural growth rate� 10% budget share for agriculture� 10% budget share for agricultureOutput:� Regional policy nodes � Databases, modeling tools and baselinesOutcome:� >20 African countries� >100 documents adopted as official policy documents� 14 compacts signed

Donors

Development

agencies &

Cornell, JIRCAS,

IRD, CIRAD, WUR,

McGill, Hohenheim

& Hanover Univ.,

CAAS…

CG Centers +

Challenge

Programs

NEC

A partnership to increase rice productivity

Donors agencies &

actors

FARA, SROs,

CAADP, Regional

economic

organizations

� 18% increase in Africa’s rice production (2008)

Coalition for African

rice development

Global collaboration:� ICARDA, CIMMYT, ICAR India,

national research systems, FAO,

Cornell University, USDA/ARS, CSIRO

Australia, Agriculture & Agri-Food

Canada

The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative

Outputs:

� Ug99 surveillance

� Breeding for durable resistance

� Multiplication of seed of

resistant varieties

http://www.globalrust.org/

Biosciences eastern and central Africa (BecA)–ILRI Hub

Partners:� NEPAD, ILRI, CGIAR crop Centers,

international scientistsTarget:� Technology and knowledge solutionsOutputs:Outputs:� Research and research-related services � Capacity buildingOutcome:� Support to innovation capacity for

bioscience in Africa

…but all is not perfect

Farmer concerns:� Research failed to address challenges in agricultural support and advocacy

� Weak engagement of farmers and farmer organizations in setting the R4D agenda

� Challenge for farmer organizations in � Challenge for farmer organizations in identifying, collecting, analyzing and articulating the research needs of poor farmers

� Weakness of the extension/agricultural advisory services: research findings fail to reach farmers

� Diminishing involvement of farmers in measuring impact

…but all is not perfect

Collective opportunity:

� Farmer organizations are

becoming increasingly well

organized and are articulating

the needs for R&D.the needs for R&D.

� They must have a seat at

the table

What role for the CGIAR in the new R4D era?

Business as usual is no longer possible:

� Problems are becoming more

complex

� Solutions need to be more holistic� Solutions need to be more holistic

� We need new integrated scientific

approaches, new actors, new roles,

new paradigms

S

p

Nation

Global

Property Rights

C

o

o

r

d

Inter national

Sta

te

TransboundaryRiver Basins

Carbon Markets

Climate Change: A complex operating space

Time

Short Long

p

a

c

e

Plot

Com-munity

d

i

n

a

t

i

o

n

Colle

ctive A

ction

Forests

Reservoirs

Watershed management

Ponds

Terracing

New seeds AgroforestrySoil Carbon

IPM

Irrigation

Seed Systems

S

pNation

International

Property Rights

C

o

o

r

d

International

State

Developing

new

Role of institutions in developing new crop varieties

Time

Short Long

p

a

c

e

Plot

Com-munity

d

i

n

a

t

i

o

n

e

Co llec tive

Act ion

New

Seeds

Seed

supply

varieties

The CGIAR: adding value

� Global overview, focus on

international public goods and

developing country locations

� Address complex inter-woven

problems of food security, poverty, problems of food security, poverty,

environmental risks

� Honest broker and intermediary

between countries

� Act as a catalyst, helping regions

adapt and adopt international public

goods developed elsewhere

The CGIAR: facilitating collective action based on regional similarities

� Agro-ecological zones with

common production systems,

biophysical constraints and

risks

� Similar development � Similar development

trajectories

� Transferable technologies

and lessons

� But remember: regional

political/socio-economic and

biophysical differences

The CGIAR: facilitating collective action based on regional similarities

Mega-deltas CoastsPlains and plateaus Uplands – forested vs

intensively used

What can we do to enhance collective action?

� Promote farmer- and regional-level consultation

� Be more precise on where we can and cannot contribute to national/local issuesnational/local issues

� Help to build on emerging and existing networks

� Support national agricultural research systems

� Encourage links with the private sector

� Promote equal partnerships

How will we achieve it?

� Joint strategic planning and

common goals

� Understanding benefits and

trade-offs of working on specific

issues in specific locationsissues in specific locations

� Get buy-in from national

agricultural research systems

� Involve international centers

� Support from policy makers and

politicians

� Donor support

How will the new CGIAR be different?

� More demand-driven, product-oriented approach

� Greater focus on developing shared goals and priority setting

� Continued emphasis on partnerships and collective actioncollective action

� Better definition of impact pathways

� Better definition and agreement on roles and responsibilities in R4D chain and innovation systems

� Strengthening partners capacity to innovate

� Renewed effort on knowledge management and sharing

The road ahead

� Early days, first steps

� But we have company on the road

� Strategic Results Framework and

its Thematic Areas provide the its Thematic Areas provide the

milestones for our journey

Priority

Setting

Research &

Development

Extension

The Future

Setting

Adoption

Evaluation

Conclusions

� We face a

daunting

challenge

� But also a great � But also a great

opportunity

� If we work

together, we will

succeed!