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Internal Forced Displacement:IDP and the Collaborative ResponseLegal Concepts and Internat ional Mechanism

Definitions and Distinctions. International Response: The Collaborative

and Cluster Approach. Applicability of the Collaborative Response to

the Palestinian Case. BADIL and Internal Displacement Monitoring

Centre (IDMC) Pilot Study on ForcedDisplacement as a Result of the Wall.

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Who is an IDP?

No legal or internally agreed definition of InternallyDisplaced Persons (IDP).

The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement in

1998 (Deng Principles) defines IDP as persons orgroups of persons who have been forced or obliged toflee or to leave their homes or places of habitualresidence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoidthe effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized

violence, violations of human rights or natural orhuman-made disasters, and who have not crossed aninternationally recognized State border.

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What is the Difference between

an IDP and a Refugee? The main criteria for qualifying as an internally displaced

person (IDP) are thus involuntary movement and remainingwithin one's national borders.

Refugees are persons fleeing persecution, who have

crossed an international border and who either fall withinArticle 1A or 1D of the 1951 Convention relating to theStatus of Refugees. Refugees as persons who owing towell-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race,religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group

or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationalityand is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to availhimself of the protection of that country; or who, not having anationality and being outside the country of his formerhabitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or,

owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.

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Internal Displacement and

International Law The Guiding Principles on Internal

Displacement (Deng Principles) states thatdisplacement is prohibited when it is basedon policies of apartheid, ethnic cleansing orsimilar practices aimed at/or resulting inaltering the ethnic, religious or racialcompositionof the affected population.

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Responsibility to Assist and

Protect Responsibility to assist and protect IDPs lies first

and foremost with national authorities in our case,the occupying power (Israel).

In case where the authorities are unwilling/unableto meet their responsibilities, internationalhumanitarian and development organizations havethe right to offer their services based on protectionneeds and human rights of the displaced.

National authorities should grant rapid andunimpeded access to the IDP.

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International Response to IDP

In 2005, the 'Cluster Lead' Approach was createdallocating clear leadership roles to lead UN Agencyfor each of the sectors or clusters of the

Collaborative Response. For instance, WFP is in charged of food and logistics;

WHO of health; UNICEF of education and nutrition,water hygiene and sanitation; UNDP of early recovery;UNHCR emergency shelter and protection.

There is room for flexibility in the cluster leadershipapproach it will depend of resources/capacity on theground.

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IDP Category to the OPT?

IDP have not yet been recognised as aspecial category of concern in the occupiedPalestinian territories.

No UN Response to IDPs althoughUNRWA provides assistance to displacedrefugees.

New UN Humanitarian Coordinator to theOPT mandated to ensure a coordinatedresponse to internal displacement.

Need monitoring, studies, profiling andadvocacy.

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Who is an IDP in the OPT?

In the OPT, people displaced during the 1967war and subsequently in the course ofmilitary incursions can be considered IDP

provided that they remain within the OPT.IDPs include people displaced as a result of:

house demolitions (e.g. Gaza Strip); land confiscations; the Wall and its associated regime; permit systems (e.g. Jordan Valley); Israeli settler violence/harassment

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Pilot Study on Internal Displacement asa Result of the Wall and its Regime

The Wall and its Regime do generate forceddisplacement and population transfer: 17% ofpersons who moved since 2002 did so as a result

of the Wall and regime. Increased vulnerability to displacement: 64%

of households are thinking to change their place ofresidence.

Affect the fabric of Palestinian society:21%

separated from relatives, 69% say the Wall anobstacle to the choice of spouse.

Unsustainable coping mechanisms: 79% ofwomen and 68% children have reduced their

movement.