Collaborative modeling and co simulation with destecs - a pilot study
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Collaborative Modelling and Co-Simulationwith DESTECS: A Pilot Study
Carl Gamble and Ken PierceCentre for Software Reliability
Newcastle University
3rd IEEE Track on Collaborative Modeling & Simulation - CoMetS'12Toulouse, 27th June 2012
Yunyun Ni and Jan BroeninkEEMCS
University Twente
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Introduction
• DESTECS approach: • Motivation• Concepts
• Pilot study: • Exercise tool• Methodology
• Concluding remarks
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Motivations
• Demanding requirements for: • Rapid development in competitive markets• Resource utilisation• Resilience
• Complexity of error detection and recovery
• The need for coordinated engineering:• Across disciplines (cultures, abstractions,
formalisms)• ... and models.
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DESTECS Approach
• Bridge disciplines through co-simulation• Combine DE controller models and CT plant models• Collaboration while working with familiar formalism
• Develop methods and tools• Linking heterogeneous models, each in an appropriate formalism• A linking co-simulation engine, based on a reconciled operational
semantics of the two simulations• Patterns for modelling faults and fault tolerance
mechanisms
(www.destecs.org)
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Basic Concepts (1)
Runs a co-simulation Forces selections and external updates, e.g. set pointMultiple co-simulation runs enables design space exploration
Ideal & Realistic BehavioursFault Modelling: including error states & faulty functionality in the modelFault Injection during a simulation managed by script
Scenario
Co-model Interface
Co-model
DE Model Contract CT
Model
Shared • design parameters• variables• events
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Basic Concepts (2)DE
Model Contract CT Model
VDM-RT: (Overture)• Formal language• Object Oriented• Concurrency• Support for embedded systems:
• Explicit CPUs and Busses • Timed
Bond Graph: (20-Sim)• Describe relevant dynamic behavior• Diagrams to show the structure• Port-based approach• Domain-independent
I
C
1
R
MSe
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Pilot Study: a Line-Following Robot
servo motor
wheel encoder
IR line-follow sensors example path
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Pilot Study: Top-level Model
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Pilot Study: CT Model High-fidelity dynamics model using bond graphs Structuring with 20-sim constructs
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Pilot Study: CT Model
Kinematic TF : rotational/translational coupling MTF: coordinate transformation from local (body fixed) to
inertial (global) frame
1l 2l 12
12 v
llv
11
22 F
llF 1v
2v
x
y
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Pilot Study: DE Model
Mainly supervisory control Uses DE-first patterns
Controller
-lfLeft: IRSensor-lfRight: IRSensor-vLeft: SpeedServo-vRight: SpeedServo-mode: AbstractMode
+Step: () ==>()
AbstractMode
+Step: () ==>()
Idle
-lfLeft: IRSensor-lfRight: IRSensor-vLeft: SpeedServo-vRight: SpeedServo
+Step: () ==>()
TwoSensor
+Step: () ==>()
IRSensor
+Read: () ==> int
-value: int
SpeedServo
+Write: real ==> ()
-value: real
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Pilot Study: Video with no Fault
This video may be viewed at:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24FuiGPEKVI
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Pilot Study: Fault Modelling (1)
If component behaviour known, model those faults, if not.. Guidewords used to inspire thinking on faults HAZOP used within CT SHARD used for CT-DE interface Early / late : timing of a message or update Commission / omission : was a service provided Subtle / coarse : can a deviation from ideal behaviour be detected or
not
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Pilot Study: Fault Modelling (2)
Line follow sensor initial model behaviour is ideal Add realistic and faulty behaviour
• Ambient light levels affect readings (black level)• Realistic sensor noise • Total failure
White
Black
Line
Ideal Ambient light Noise Total failure
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Pilot Study: Fault Tolerance
Light levels: calibration mode Sensor failure: one-sensor mode Noise: filtering
Controller
-lfLeft: IRSensor-lfRight: IRSensor-vLeft: SpeedServo-vRight: SpeedServo-mode: AbstractMode
+Step: () ==>()
AbstractMode
+Step: () ==>()
Idle
-lfLeft: IRSensor-lfRight: IRSensor-vLeft: SpeedServo-vRight: SpeedServo
+Step: () ==>()
OneSensor
+Step: () ==>()
TwoSensor
+Step: () ==>()
Calibrate
+Step: () ==>()
IRSensor
+Read: () ==> int
-value: int
SpeedServo
+Write: real ==> ()
-value: real
Filter
+Read: () ==> int
-sens: IRSensor-values: seq of int
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Pilot Study: Video with a Sensor Fault
This video may be viewed at:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jh94bL8BfyU
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Modelling Story
Co-model
Square path
Line following
Faults andFault tolerance
Diff. Encoder semanticsDiff. Robot performance
Newcastle Twente
Sensor problem, tooling related, quickly solved locally
Direction of rotation reversed, different control semantics
Comments
No problems during this step
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Concluding Remarks Have shown
• Concepts of the DESTECS approach• Walk through of the pilot model• Inclusion of faults and fault tolerance
Ongoing work:• Model construction methods • Model consistency• Patterns for faults and fault tolerance• Simulation scenario command language • Design of experiments and analysis
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Collaborative Modelling and Co-Simulationwith DESTECS: A Pilot Study
Carl Gamble and Ken PierceCentre for Software Reliability
Newcastle University
3rd IEEE Track on Collaborative Modeling & Simulation - CoMetS'12Toulouse, 27th June 2012
Yunyun Ni and Jan BroeninkEEMCS
University Twente