colelli club di bologna 2018 final · 2018. 11. 13. · Giancarlo Colelli...

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EQUIPMENT INNOVATIONS IN POSTHARVEST HANDLING AND MINIMALLY PROCESSING OF FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

28th Members’ Meeting of the Club of Bologna

New technologies and services for agricultural machinery:challenges and limits

10‐11 November 2018Bologna, Italy

Giancarlo Colelli – [email protected]

28th Members’ Meeting of the Club of BolognaBologna, November 10‐11, 2018

Fresh fruit and vegetables are constituted by living tissues which carry on metabolic processes related to ripening and senescence

Quality of these products includes a combination of attributes, such

as appearance, texture and flavor, as well as nutritional and safety

aspects, that represent their added value to the final consumer

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HARVEST

GEN

OTYP

E

COLTU

RAL P

RACTIC

ES

PED

O‐CLIM

ATIC

CONDITIO

NS

TRANSP

ORTATIO

N

COOLIN

G

STORAGE

SELECTIO

N/SO

RTIN

G

TRASP

ORTATIO

N

SALE

From farm… …to market!!!


POSTHARVEST HANDLING OF THESE PRODUCTS IS AIMED TO CONDITIONING FOR FINAL MARKET: − cooling (i.e. removing the field heat) to proper temperature for each product

− grading to remove units unsuitable for the market and to classify the rest according to regulations and/or to specific agreements

− packaging in unit which provide protection, identification, and proper information to the consumers.


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“Fresh‐cut” produce is usually trimmed, peeled, washed and cut into 100% usable product that is subsequently

packaged to offer consumers high nutrition, convenience and value while still maintaining freshness

HARVEST

GEN

OTYP

E

COLTU

RAL P

RACTIC

ES

PED

O‐CLIM

ATIC

CONDITIO

NS

TRANSP

ORTATIO

N

COOLIN

G

STORAGE

SELECTIO

N/SO

RTIN

G

WASH

ING

TRIM

MING/PEELIN

G

CUTTIN

G

DRYIN

G

PACKAGING

STORAGE

TRASP

ORTATIO

N

SALE

From farm… …to fork!!!


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Preparation of fresh-cut produce does not include a killing step, or a treatment which determines a negligible final microbial count

SHELF-LIFE IS A MATTER OF DAYS


Main objectives of recent innovations in postharvest handling have been the following: − reducing the cost of operations− increasing automation and

work capacity− reducing environmental impact− increasing safety and well

being of labour force− maintain quality & safety

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Optical approaches for quality evaluation(taking info from our produce)


− The use of optical sorters based on processing and analysis of digital images has been widely applied in the fresh produce industry for more than 20 years

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− The use of optical sorters based on processing and analysis of digital images has been widely applied in the fresh produce industry for more than 20 years

− More and more attention in recent years have received research on the interaction of visible and near infrared (NIR) light with different types of commodities


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#LV R2fit R2CV RMSEC RMSECV RMSEP

Antioxidant capacity(der II + mean center)

5 0,77 0,51 31 47 47

Phenolic content(der II + mean center)

5 0,79 0,58 11 15 13

PHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN FRESH‐CUT ARTICHOKES(AMODIO ET AL, PRESENTED AT NIR2015, BRASIL)


HIGH CORRELATION BETWEEN SPECTRAL ABSORBANCE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FRESH‐CUT APPLEAS MEASURED WITH CONVENTIONAL ANALYSIS


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COMBINED SENSORS FOR FOREIGN‐BODY

REMOVAL



SALAD GREENS HARVESTER WITH VIS AND VIS‐NIR OPTICAL SORTER

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RGB digital image analysis for non-expensive alternative systems for grading quality in a faster and more objective way

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− The use of optical sorters based on processing and analysis of digital images is nowadays widely applied in the fresh produce industry

− More and more attention in recent years have received research on the interaction of visible and near infrared (NIR) light with different types of commodities

− The use of hyperspectral imaging to reveal more information on pre-harvest history of fresh produce is an interesting field of investigation for its potential application to make initial screening of critical features of incoming product

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Predicted concentration of sugar content in a cross section of fennel through hypespectral imaging

Amodio et al, 2017

Spectral information and classification algorithms were used to discriminate raw materials according to different criteria (i.e. variety, time of harvest, cultural practice, storage history)

ADDING MORE VALUE TO VALUE-ADDED PRODUCT

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−DISCRIMINATION OF PRODUCE ACCORDING TO PRODUCTION SYSTEM


−DISCRIMINATION OF PRODUCE BY HARVEST DATE

−DISCRIMINATION OF PRODUCE BY VARIETY

−DISCRIMINATION OF PRODUCE BY TIME OF STORAGE

−EARLY DETECTION OF CHILLING INJURY−EARLY DETECTION OF IMPACT DAMAGE−PREDICTION OF SHELF-LIFE WITH A

MULTIVARIATE APPROACH


AgroecologicalAGROMAN (M)

ConvenzionalizedSUBST (S)

Conventional (C)

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Cross

ValidationCV

Actual ClassN

Global

H1 H23 H4 H567 SENS SPEC

Predicted as

Class

H1 5 0 0 0 5 100 100

H23 0 10 0 3 10 100 86

H4 0 0 4 0 4 100 100

H567 0 0 0 10 13 77 100

TOTAL 32 Non error rate = 94.25

DISCRIMINATION OF FENNEL BY HARVEST DATE

Qualitative groups I HT II HT III HT IV HT V HTI HT 35 - - - -II HT - 34 - - -III HT - - 36 - -IV HT - - - 33 -V HT - - - - 34Percentage correctly classified 100% 100% 100% 100% 94%


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HANDS-OFF PROCESSINGFOR FRESH-CUT PRODUCTS

(keep humans out)

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− Fresh-cut fruit and vegetable processing may be very expensive as many of the operations are performed by humans and use of machines have been difficult due to low standardization of raw material

− The presence of humans increase the risk of contamination of the product so, whenever processing automation is possible, manual operations are progressively disappearing

− Salad processing lines have been more subject to plant automation and nowadays commercial processing lines are available where most of the operations are completely automatic

− Plant automation for fresh-cut processing of fruits have been more difficult to apply given the very high level of bruising susceptibility or the large size of the raw material and the difficulty of performing efficient operations


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MOLECULAR RESPONSES

BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES

SENSORIAL CHANGES

REDUCING MECHANICAL DAMAGES FROM CUTTING

OPERATIONS

WATER‐JET CUTTING


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INNOVATIONS IN STORAGE OF FRESH PRODUCE

(secure food for mankind)

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−The SmartFresh™ revolution−Evolution in CA storage technology−Active, Smart, Biodegradable MAP−Coatings−Natural ingredients


EVOLUTION OF CASTORAGE ON APPLES

Oxygen (kPa)

0

50

100

5 10 15

Rel

ativ

e R

esp

irat

ion

Aerobic Respiration

Overall Respiration

Anaerobic Compensation Point (ACP)

Anaerobic Respiration

Respiratory Quotient (RQ)

• Respiratory Quotient• Anaerobic Compensation Point• Metabolites of anaerobic respiration• Composition determined by nirs• Chlorophyll fluorescence

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The HarvestWatch™ system, developed by AAFC and Satlantic Inc, Halifax, NS), and distributed via Isolcell Italia S.p.A., uses fluorescence (Fα) to let storage

operators know when their fruit are stressed

computer

hub

kennelsensor

FROM PRANGE, 2013


16.11.01 16.03.02

OXYGEN

FLUORESCENCE

FLUORESCENCE RESPONSE TO LOW O2‐LEVEL

FROM ZANELLA, 2013

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A new automatic DCA control system based on online real-time RQ measurements has been recently developed that is integrated

into the control system of the CA facility

CONCLUSIONS

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THE LAST DECADE HAS REPRESENTED A TIME OF GREAT INNOVATIONS IN POSTHARVEST

− The development of optical technologies has enabled to evaluate internal quality of individual fruits and to reveal more information on pre‐harvest history of fresh produce, thus adding more service and value to consumers

− The intensive degree of automation of manufacturing processes is presently contributing to reduction of processing cost and to increase of food safety

− Novel storage innovations like DCA is contributing to extend commercial life of fresh produce, maintaining a better quality and reducing food losses

− Finally, innovation in refrigerating equipments is contributing to reduce environmental impact of fresh produce industry and increase its sustainability

Thanks for your [email protected]

https://www.facebook.com/PostharvestFoggia/


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ORGANIZING COMMITTEEMaria Luisa Amodio, Giancarlo Colelli, Antonio Derossi (Università di Foggia)Pasquale Russo (Promis Biotech s.r.l.)Rob Schouten, Pol Tijskens (Wageningen University)

Thanks for the [email protected]

https://www.facebook.com/PostharvestFoggia/

INNOVATION IN POSTHARVEST SUPPLY CHAIN OF FRESH PRODUCE

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