Cold War Keith Magnuson & Jonathan Becker Teaching American History.
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Cold War Keith Magnuson & Jonathan Becker Teaching American History.
Cold WarCold War
Keith Magnuson & Jonathan Keith Magnuson & Jonathan BeckerBecker
Teaching American HistoryTeaching American History
World War IIWorld War II End of the war, End of the war,
Soviets in Germany Soviets in Germany from the East, US in from the East, US in from West.from West. Soviets lost 30 Soviets lost 30
million during warmillion during war Angry US didn’t Angry US didn’t
enter European enter European theater soonertheater sooner
Divided Germany and Berlin in half, each Divided Germany and Berlin in half, each under Soviet or US influence under Soviet or US influence Soviets want barrier against future invasionSoviets want barrier against future invasion French want protection barrier alsoFrench want protection barrier also
Divided Germany and Berlin Divided Germany and Berlin
Notice the location of BerlinNotice the location of Berlin
Mushroom CloudMushroom Cloud
US exploded 2 atomic US exploded 2 atomic bombsbombs 2 Japanese cities 2 Japanese cities
Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki
Soviets exploded one test Soviets exploded one test bomb in 1949bomb in 1949
Relations between Soviet Relations between Soviet and US turn coldand US turn cold
Paranoid about each Paranoid about each otherother
Hiroshima Bomb
Soviet First Test Bomb (Joe I)
Destruction with an Atomic BombDestruction with an Atomic Bomb
Iron curtainIron curtain Communist regimes start Communist regimes start
in several eastern in several eastern European countriesEuropean countries
Added to the buffer zone Added to the buffer zone against Germanyagainst Germany ““Misunderstanding” of Misunderstanding” of
Soviet intentionsSoviet intentions
Winston Churchill gives a Winston Churchill gives a speech calling the speech calling the countries under Soviet countries under Soviet control under a “Iron control under a “Iron Curtain”Curtain”
Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift
Soviet block off road into Soviet block off road into BerlinBerlin
US influenced area of US influenced area of Berlin couldn’t get Berlin couldn’t get suppliessupplies
US starts airlifting US starts airlifting (dropping from planes) (dropping from planes) supplies to people of supplies to people of West BerlinWest Berlin
Soviets frustrated by airlift Soviets frustrated by airlift and lift blockadeand lift blockade
Containment & DominoesContainment & Dominoes President Truman gives President Truman gives
speech speech Uses Kennan’sUses Kennan’s concept of concept of
ContainmentContainment Idea is to contain Communism Idea is to contain Communism
to where it exists but not to try to where it exists but not to try and “roll it back”and “roll it back”
Starts with Turkey and GreeceStarts with Turkey and Greece Known as Known as Truman Truman
DoctrineDoctrine Eisenhower gives a speech on Eisenhower gives a speech on
Domino TheoryDomino Theory. . If one country falls to If one country falls to
communism, other communism, other countries will fall countries will fall
Truman
Eisenhower
President Eisenhower Articulates the "Domino President Eisenhower Articulates the "Domino Theory"Theory" News ConferenceNews Conference 7 April 19547 April 1954
Q. Robert Richards, Copley Press: Mr. President, would you mind commenting on the strategic importance of Q. Robert Richards, Copley Press: Mr. President, would you mind commenting on the strategic importance of Indochina to the free world? I think there has been, across the country, some lack of understanding on just Indochina to the free world? I think there has been, across the country, some lack of understanding on just what it means to us. what it means to us.
2 -THE PRESIDENT. You have, of course, both the specific and the general when you talk about such things. 2 -THE PRESIDENT. You have, of course, both the specific and the general when you talk about such things. 3 -First of all, you have the specific value of a locality in its production of materials that the world needs. [383] 3 -First of all, you have the specific value of a locality in its production of materials that the world needs. [383] 4 -Then you have the possibility that many human beings pass under a dictatorship that is inimical to the free 4 -Then you have the possibility that many human beings pass under a dictatorship that is inimical to the free
world. world. 5 - Finally, you have broader considerations that might follow what you would call the "falling domino" principle. 5 - Finally, you have broader considerations that might follow what you would call the "falling domino" principle.
You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is You have a row of dominoes set up, you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a disintegration that would the certainty that it will go over very quickly. So you could have a beginning of a disintegration that would have the most profound influences. have the most profound influences.
6 -Now, with respect to the first one, two of the items from this particular area that the world uses are tin and 6 -Now, with respect to the first one, two of the items from this particular area that the world uses are tin and tungsten. They are very important. There are others, of course, the rubber plantations and so on. tungsten. They are very important. There are others, of course, the rubber plantations and so on.
7 -Then with respect to more people passing under this domination, Asia, after all, has already lost some 450 7 -Then with respect to more people passing under this domination, Asia, after all, has already lost some 450 million of its peoples to the Communist dictatorship, and we simply can't afford greater losses. million of its peoples to the Communist dictatorship, and we simply can't afford greater losses.
8 -But when we come to the possible sequence of events, the loss of Indochina, of Burma, of Thailand, of the 8 -But when we come to the possible sequence of events, the loss of Indochina, of Burma, of Thailand, of the Peninsula, and Indonesia following, now you begin to talk about areas that not only multiply the Peninsula, and Indonesia following, now you begin to talk about areas that not only multiply the disadvantages that you would suffer through loss of materials, sources of materials, but now you are disadvantages that you would suffer through loss of materials, sources of materials, but now you are talking really about millions and millions and millions of people. talking really about millions and millions and millions of people.
9 -Finally, the geographical position achieved thereby does many things. It turns the so-called island defensive 9 -Finally, the geographical position achieved thereby does many things. It turns the so-called island defensive chain of Japan, Formosa, of the Philippines and to the southward; it moves in to threaten Australia and chain of Japan, Formosa, of the Philippines and to the southward; it moves in to threaten Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand.
10 -It takes away, in its economic aspects, that region that Japan must have as a trading area or Japan, in turn, 10 -It takes away, in its economic aspects, that region that Japan must have as a trading area or Japan, in turn, will have only one place in the world to go--that is, toward the Communist areas in order to live. will have only one place in the world to go--that is, toward the Communist areas in order to live.
11 -So, the possible consequences of the loss are just incalculable to the free world. 11 -So, the possible consequences of the loss are just incalculable to the free world.
Cold at HomeCold at Home Red ScareRed Scare
Paranoia starts within the USParanoia starts within the US People trying to find People trying to find
Communists within the USCommunists within the US Labor groups especially Labor groups especially
suspect suspect HUAC (House UnAmerican HUAC (House UnAmerican
Activities Committee)Activities Committee) House of Representatives House of Representatives
hearing on questioning people hearing on questioning people about Communist tiesabout Communist ties
Hollywood 10 Hollywood 10 10 individuals in Hollywood 10 individuals in Hollywood
were suspected of Communist were suspected of Communist ties ties
Put on a blacklist (couldn’t get Put on a blacklist (couldn’t get a job)a job)
Cold at Home part 2Cold at Home part 2 Eugene McCarthy , Eugene McCarthy ,
Senator from Wisconsin, Senator from Wisconsin, trying to expose trying to expose communists in govt. and communists in govt. and other placesother places
Edward R. Murrow a Edward R. Murrow a news reporter, challenges news reporter, challenges McCarthy and his list of McCarthy and his list of communists communists
Murrow eventually Murrow eventually exposes McCarthy for a exposes McCarthy for a fraudfraud
McCarthy is eventually McCarthy is eventually seen as a disgrace.seen as a disgrace.
Enemy among usEnemy among us Ethel and Julius Ethel and Julius
Rosenburg caught in Rosenburg caught in spying ringspying ring
Executed for TreasonExecuted for Treason Had 2 little childrenHad 2 little children
Some dispute whether Some dispute whether guiltyguilty
Since proven definitely Since proven definitely guiltyguilty
Helped fuel the paranoia Helped fuel the paranoia of McCarthyism era of McCarthyism era
NATO & Warsaw PactNATO & Warsaw Pact Countries in Western Countries in Western
Europe join in a pact with Europe join in a pact with US US
Agree to protect and defend Agree to protect and defend each other each other Mostly used to stop the spread Mostly used to stop the spread
of communismof communism Called North Atlantic Treaty Called North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)Organization (NATO) USSR and Eastern Europe USSR and Eastern Europe
do the samedo the same Known as the Warsaw PactKnown as the Warsaw Pact Increased the threat of Increased the threat of
mutual assured destructionmutual assured destruction
Space RaceSpace Race Sputnik-Soviet are able to put Sputnik-Soviet are able to put
first object into space (1957)first object into space (1957) US nervous about Soviets US nervous about Soviets
getting the edgegetting the edge Later Soviets put a dog and Later Soviets put a dog and
monkey into space as monkey into space as experimentexperiment
But US able to land man on But US able to land man on MoonMoon Seen as a winner of space raceSeen as a winner of space race
Sputnik
Sky PilotSky Pilot
U2 planes built by US U2 planes built by US to spy on Soviets to spy on Soviets from high altitudefrom high altitude
Francis Gary Powers Francis Gary Powers is shot down in U2 is shot down in U2 plane over Soviet plane over Soviet Union in May1960Union in May1960
Ruins Eisenhower’s Ruins Eisenhower’s dream of Cold War dream of Cold War thaw at the Paris thaw at the Paris SummitSummit
Havana Daydreamin’Havana Daydreamin’ JFK inherits a plan for a JFK inherits a plan for a
CIA invasion of CubaCIA invasion of Cuba Castro and communist Castro and communist
regime took over in 1959regime took over in 1959 Invasion plan involves Invasion plan involves
ex-Cubans exilesex-Cubans exiles
JFK decides not do it at JFK decides not do it at last minutelast minute
Exiles go ahead with Exiles go ahead with plan with no US supportplan with no US support
Exiles defeated easily Exiles defeated easily
Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis US places missiles in Turkey US places missiles in Turkey
facing USSRfacing USSR US spy plane spots missile US spy plane spots missile
silos in Cubasilos in Cuba Soviet deny until shown Soviet deny until shown
photos at UNphotos at UN US sends ships to block US sends ships to block
delivery of missiles from delivery of missiles from USSRUSSR
Tense 13 days until USSR Tense 13 days until USSR ships turn aroundships turn around
Very close to war between US Very close to war between US and USSRand USSR
Communism in AsiaCommunism in Asia Vietnam and Korea divided into Vietnam and Korea divided into
North and South, communist North and South, communist north and US supported South north and US supported South (not necessary democratic)(not necessary democratic)
US commits troops to keep US commits troops to keep communism out of South of both communism out of South of both countrycountry
In Korea, US and UN force able In Korea, US and UN force able to stop take over to stop take over
In Vietnam US (had no UN In Vietnam US (had no UN support) had to finally pull out support) had to finally pull out and lost whole county to and lost whole county to communism communism
Nixon orders some ChineseNixon orders some Chinese In order to escape In order to escape
Watergate Nixon Watergate Nixon decides to visit Chinadecides to visit China
China became China became communist in 1949communist in 1949 Cold relations between Cold relations between
USSR and ChinaUSSR and China
Opens relations with Opens relations with China after 23 years China after 23 years and furthers softening and furthers softening stance with communist stance with communist countriescountries
19801980 Through 70’s US takes detente Through 70’s US takes detente
policy towards USSRpolicy towards USSR Easing relations between the Easing relations between the
two countriestwo countries US beats USSR in semi-final US beats USSR in semi-final
of hockey during ’80 Olympicsof hockey during ’80 Olympics UnderdogsUnderdogs Matter of prideMatter of pride See movie “Miracle”See movie “Miracle”
USSR gets involved in USSR gets involved in AfghanistanAfghanistan Locals trying to push out Locals trying to push out
Soviet supported regimeSoviet supported regime Became the USSR’s Vietnam, Became the USSR’s Vietnam,
no way to beat localsno way to beat locals
Evil EmpireEvil Empire
Ronald Reagan becomes president in 1981Ronald Reagan becomes president in 1981 Renews “fight” against USSR and communismRenews “fight” against USSR and communism Deemed the USSR a “Evil Empire”Deemed the USSR a “Evil Empire” Nuclear holocaust worries begin againNuclear holocaust worries begin again Supports insurgent groups fighting communist Supports insurgent groups fighting communist
regimes all over the worldregimes all over the world Especially in Latin AmericaEspecially in Latin America Defies Congress- becomes scandal, Iran Contra Defies Congress- becomes scandal, Iran Contra
Scandal- sell weapons to Iran and give proceeds to Scandal- sell weapons to Iran and give proceeds to anti-communist rebels in Nicaragua anti-communist rebels in Nicaragua
Tear Down This WallTear Down This Wall
End of 80’s, Reagan End of 80’s, Reagan gives speechgives speech
Talks about unification Talks about unification of Germanyof Germany
Challenges Challenges Gorbachev( new Gorbachev( new Soviet premier) to “tear Soviet premier) to “tear down this wall”down this wall” Referring to Berlin Wall. Referring to Berlin Wall.
Fall of the Iron CurtainFall of the Iron Curtain Berlin Wall torn down by Berlin Wall torn down by
people of Berlinpeople of Berlin Tired of the separationTired of the separation Economic recessionEconomic recession Leads to a unification of Leads to a unification of
GermanyGermany Most communist regimes in Most communist regimes in
Eastern Europe fallEastern Europe fall USSR eventually gives up on USSR eventually gives up on
communismcommunism This marks the end of This marks the end of
communism and the Cold Warcommunism and the Cold War