Cold War Conflicts Section 1 Origins of the Cold...

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________

Cold War Conflicts Section 1

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252 Guided Reading Workbook

Origins of the Cold War

FORMER ALLIES CLASH (Pages 602–604) What caused Soviet-American problems?

The United States and the Soviet Union were wartime allies. But there had been trouble between them for some time. A major reason was that they had opposing political and economic systems. In addition, the Soviets were angry that the United States had taken so long to launch

an attack against Hitler in Europe. Stalin also did not like that the United States had kept the development of the atomic bomb a secret. Americans were upset that Stalin had signed a treaty with Hitler before World War II. Still, at the end of the war, people hoped that the United Nations (UN) would help bring a time of peace. Instead, the UN became a place where the two superpowers competed and tried to influence other nations.

Terms and Names United Nations (UN) Peacekeeping body of nations

satellite nation Country dominated by the Soviet Union

containment Effort to block Soviet influence by making alliances and supporting weaker nations

iron curtain The division of Europe between free and communist countries

Cold War State of hostility between the Soviet Union and the United States but without military action

Truman Doctrine U.S. policy of sending aid to any nation trying to prevent a Communist takeover

Marshall Plan Program under which the United States gave economic aid to rebuild postwar Western Europe

Berlin Airlift Resupply of West Berlin by U.S. and British planes during Soviet blockade of 1948

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Defensive military alliance of the United States, Canada, and ten European nations

Before You Read In the last section, you saw the social and economic changes that would reshape postwar America. In this section, you will see how the Allied coalition that won the war fell apart and the United States and the Soviet Union came into conflict.

As You Read Use a chart to take notes on U.S. actions and Soviet actions that contributed to the beginning of the Cold War.

Guided Reading - Unit 7 (chapters 18-19)

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Section 1, continued



As you read this section, complete the cause-and-effect diagram with the specific U.S. actions made in response to the Soviet actions listed. Use the following terms and names in filling out the diagram: containment Truman Doctrine Berlin airlift NATO

Cause: Soviet Action

Soviets blockaded Berlin for almost a year.

Effect: U.S. Action 3.


Cause: Soviet Action

Soviet leader Joseph Stalin refused free elections in Eastern Europe and set up satellite nations.



Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________




The Cold War Heats Up

CHINA BECOMES A COMMUNIST COUNTRY (Pages 609–611) How did the Communists gain control of China?

For two decades the Chinese Communists struggled against the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek. The United States supported Chiang because he opposed communism and sent him aid. But U.S. officials knew that Chiang’s government was inefficient and corrupt. He overtaxed the Chinese people even during times of famine. He did not have the support of the people.

Mao Zedong led the Communist forces in the North. He won the support of many Chinese peasants. Mao distributed land to them and reduced rents. He had an experienced army with high morale.

President Truman refused to send American troops to help the Nationalists

fight communism. But he did send aid. Even so, in 1949, Chiang and his forces had to flee to Taiwan, an island off the coast of China. China was now Communist. Containment in China had failed!

American conservatives said that the United States had “lost” China because not enough had been done to help the Nationalists. Truman’s followers said that the Communist success was because Chiang could not win the support of the Chinese people. Conservatives claimed that the U.S. government was filled with Communist agents. American fear of communism began to burn out of control. 1. How did Communists gain control of

China?

_______________________________

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Terms and Names Chiang Kai-shek Leader of the Nationalist forces in China

Mao Zedong Leader of the Communist forces in China

Taiwan Island off the coast of China

38th parallel Imaginary line that divides Korea at 38 degrees north latitude

Korean War War begun when North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950

Before You Read In the last section, you read about postwar Europe. In this section, you will read about the postwar situation in Asia and about the Korean War.

As You Read Use a time line to take notes on the major events of the Korean War.




As you read this section, fill out the chart below by writing answers to the questions in the appropriate boxes.

Civil War in China Civil War in Korea

1. Which side did the

United States support, and why?

2. What did the United

States do to affect the outcome of the war?

3. What was the outcome

of the war?

4. How did the American

public react to that outcome, and why?

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________




The Cold War at Home

FEAR OF COMMUNIST INFLUENCE (Pages 616–618) How did Americans react to the threat of Communist influence?

Many Americans felt threatened by the rise of Communist governments in Europe and Asia. Some even felt that Communists could threaten the U.S. government from within. These fears increased when people found out about some spies selling U.S. government secrets to the Soviets.

Republicans accused the Truman administration of being “soft on communism.” In response to this pressure, Truman set up a Loyalty Review Board. The Board investigated over 3 million people. About 200 were fired. Many

people felt that these investigations were unconstitutional. The accused were not allowed to see the evidence against them or to face their accusers.

In 1947, Congress set up the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). Its purpose was to look for Communists both inside and outside government. HUAC concentrated on the movie industry because of suspected Communist influences in Hollywood. Many people were brought before HUAC. Some agreed that there had been Communist infiltration of the movie industry. They informed on others to save themselves.

Ten people called before HUAC refused to testify. They said the hearings

Terms and Names HUAC House Committee on Un-American Activities

Hollywood Ten People called before HUAC who did not cooperate

blacklist List of people in the Hollywood film industry who were refused jobs because they did not cooperate with HUAC

Alger Hiss Former State Department official Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Activists in the American Communist Party who were

executed as spies

Joseph McCarthy Republican Senator who claimed Communists were taking over the federal government

McCarthyism Term used to refer to tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without producing evidence

Before You Read In the last section, you read about the Cold War abroad. In this section, you will read about the effects of the Cold War at home.

As You Read Use a web diagram to take notes on the ways that anticommunist fear gripped the United States.




As you read this section, fill out the charts below by writing answers to the questions in the appropriate boxes.

a. What were they accused of?

b. How were they affected by the accusations?

c. Do the accusations seem to have been fair? Explain.

1. The Hollywood Ten

2. Alger Hiss

3. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

McCarthyism

4. What seems to have motivated it?

5. Why did it succeed at first? 6. Why did it fall out of favor?

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________




Two Nations Live on the Edge

BRINKMANSHIP RULES U.S. POLICY (Pages 622–623) What was the arms race?

The Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949. American leaders wanted to develop a more powerful weapon. In 1952, the United States exploded the first hydrogen bomb, or H-bomb.

But the Soviets tested their own H-bomb in 1953. Dwight D. Eisenhower

was president. His secretary of state, John Foster Dulles, was very anti-Communist. He said America must not compromise. The United States must be prepared to use all of its nuclear weapons against any aggressor. This willingness to go to the edge, or brink, of war was called brinkmanship.

The United States began making more nuclear weapons. So did the Soviet Union. This was called the arms race. Many

Terms and Names H-bomb Hydrogen bomb Dwight D. Eisenhower President of the United States John Foster Dulles Secretary of state brinkmanship Willingness to go to the edge, or brink, of war CIA Intelligence-gathering, or spy, agency of the United States government Warsaw Pact Military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite nations Eisenhower Doctrine Policy of the United States that it would defend the Middle East

against attack by any Communist country Nikita Khruschev Soviet leader Francis Gary Powers Pilot of an American U-2 spy plane U-2 incident Downing of a U.S. spy plane and the capture of its pilot by the Soviet

Union in 1960

Before You Read In the last section, you saw how the fear of communism affected life in the United States. In this section, you will see how Cold War tensions increased as both the United States and the Soviet Union tried to spread their influence around the world.

As You Read Use a chart to take notes on the involvement of the United States in Cold War trouble spots around the world.




As you read this section, write your answers to the question in the appropriate boxes.

How did the United States react, and why?

1. The Soviet Union exploded

its first atomic bomb in 1949.

2. In 1951, the Iranian prime

minister placed the oil industry in Iran under the Iranian government’s control.

3. The Guatemalan head of

government gave American-owned land in Guatemala to peasants.

4. In 1956, Britain, France,

and Israel invaded Egypt and occupied the Suez Canal.

5. Soviet tanks invaded

Hungary and fired on protesters in 1956.

6. In 1957, the Soviet Union

launched Sputnik.

7. In 1960, the Soviet Union

brought down an American U-2 piloted by Francis Gary Powers.

CHAPTER 18: COLD WAR CONFLICTS PAGE 1 of 5

SECTION 1: ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR_____________________________________________BLUE HEADING: Former Allies Clash _______________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The United Nations _____________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: United Nations (UN) ______________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Truman Becomes President ______________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Potsdam Conference ________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: Tension Mounts __________________________________________________________RED HEADING: Bargining at Potsdam ___________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Soviets Tighten Their Grip on Eastern Europe_______________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Satellite Nations _________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: United States Establishes a Policy of Containment___________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Containment ____________________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Iron Curtain _____________________________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: Cold War in Europe________________________________________________________BOLD WORD: Cold War _______________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Truman Doctorine___________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Truman Doctorine________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Marshall Plan ______________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Marshall Plan ___________________________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: Superpowers Struggle over Germany ________________________________________RED HEADING: The Berlin Airlift ________________________________________________________________________


BOLD WORD: Berlin Airlift _____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The NATO Alliance______________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) ___________________________________________________________

SECTION 2: THE COLD WAR HEATS UP _____________________________________________BLUE HEADING: China Becomes a Communist Country _______________________________________

BOLD WORD: Chiang Kai-shek _________________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Mao Zedong ____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Renewed Civil War______________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Taiwan _________________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: America Reacts to Communist Takeover ___________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: The Korean War __________________________________________________________BOLD WORD: 38th Parallel _____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: North Korea Attacks South Korea _________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Korean War _____________________________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: The United States Fights in Korea ___________________________________________RED HEADING: MacArthur’s Counterattack_______________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Chinese Fight Back _________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: MacArthur Recommends Attacking China __________________________________________________

RED HEADING: MacArthur Versus Truman _______________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Settling For Stalemate___________________________________________________________________

SECTION 3: THE COLD WAR AT HOME ______________________________________________


BLUE HEADING: Fear of Communist Influence _______________________________________________RED HEADING: Loyalty Review Board ___________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The House Un-American Activities Board___________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: House Un-American Activities Board (HUAC)_________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Hollywood Ten __________________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Blacklist________________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The McCarran Act ______________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: Spy Cases Stun the Nation _________________________________________________RED HEADING: Alger Hiss _____________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Alger Hiss ______________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Rosenbergs________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg _______________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: McCarthy Launches His “Witch Hunt” ________________________________________BOLD WORD: Joseph McCarthy ________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: McCarthy’s Tactics _____________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: McCarthyism ____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: McCarthy’s Downfall ____________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Other Anti-Communist Measures__________________________________________________________

SECTION 4: TWO NATIONS LIVE ON THE EDGE ________________________________________BLUE HEADING: Brinksmanship Rules U.S. Policy ____________________________________________

RED HEADING: Race for the H-Bomb ____________________________________________________________________


BOLD WORD: H-Bomb ________________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Policy of Brinksmanship _____________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Dwight D. Eisenhower ____________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: John Foster Dulles _______________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Brinksmanship __________________________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: The Cold War Spreads Around the World _____________________________________BOLD WORD: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)___________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Covert Actions in the Middle East And Africa________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Warsaw Pact _______________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Warsaw Pact ____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: A Summit in Geneva ____________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Suez War __________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Eisenhower Doctorine _______________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Eisenhower Doctorine ____________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Hungarian Uprising _________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: The Cold War Takes to the Skies ____________________________________________BOLD WORD: Nikita Khrushchev _______________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Space Race ________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: A U-2 Is Shot Down _____________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Francis Gary Powers _____________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Renewed Confrontation _________________________________________________________________


BOLD WORD: U-2 Incident _____________________________________________________________________________________

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________

The Postwar Boom Section 1



Postwar America

READJUSTMENT AND RECOVERY (Pages 634–636) How did the end of World War II affect America?

After World War II, millions of returning veterans used the GI Bill of Rights to get an education and to buy homes. At first, there was a terrible housing shortage. Then developers such as William Levitt built thousands of inexpensive homes in the suburbs, small residential communities near the cities. Many veterans and their families moved in.

The United States changed from a wartime to a peacetime economy. After the war, many defense workers were laid off. Returning veterans added to unemployment. When wartime price controls ended, prices shot up. Congress eventually put back economic controls on wages, prices, and rents.

The economy began to improve on its own. There was a huge pent-up demand for consumer goods. People had been too poor to buy these goods during the Depression. Many items had not been available during the war. Now Americans bought cars and appliances and houses. The Cold War increased defense spending and employment. 1. What were three effects of the end of

World War II on American society?

_______________________________

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MEETING ECONOMIC CHALLENGES; SOCIAL UNREST PERSISTS (Pages 636–639) What were postwar problems?

President Harry S. Truman faced a number of problems immediately after the war. One was labor unrest. In 1946, a

Terms and Names Gl Bill of Rights Law that provided financial and educational benefits for World War II

veterans

suburb Residential town or community near a city

Harry S. Truman President after World War II Dixiecrat Southern Democrat who left the party

Fair Deal President Truman’s economic and social program

Before You Read In the last section, you read about the developments in the Cold War at home and abroad. In this section, you will read about the economic boom in the United States after World War II.

As You Read Use a time line to take notes on the key events in postwar America.




As you read this section, describe the solutions offered to deal with postwar problems.

1. Problem: Millions of veterans thrown out of work as they return to civilian life

Solution offered by the Truman administration and Congress

2. Problem: Severe housing shortage

Solution offered by developers such as William Levitt

Solutions offered by Congress under the Truman and Eisenhower administrations

3. Problem: Runaway inflation

Solution offered by the Truman administration and Congress

4. Problem: Labor strikes that threaten to cripple the nation

Solution offered by the Truman administration

5. Problem: Discrimination and racial violence

Solutions offered during the Truman administration

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________




Popular Culture

NEW ERA OF MASS MEDIA (Pages 652–655) What influence did TV have?

Mass media—the means of communication that reach large audiences—include radio, television, newspapers, and magazines. Television became the most important means of communication in the 1950s. It both showed and influenced popular culture of the time.

The number of homes with television jumped. It went from 9 percent of all homes in 1950 to 90 percent in 1960. At first, the number of television stations was limited by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The FCC is the government agency that regulates the communications industry. Soon, however,

TV stations spread across the country. Many shows became widely popular all over the nation.

The 1950s were the “golden age of television.” Comedy shows starring Milton Berle and Lucille Ball were popular. Edward R. Murrow introduced on-the-scene reporting and interviews. There were also westerns, sports events, and original dramas. At first, all shows were broadcast live.

Advertisers took advantage of this new medium, especially of its children’s shows. Young fans wanted to buy everything that was advertised on their favorite shows. TV magazines and TV dinners— frozen meals to heat and eat—became popular.

Terms and Names mass media Means of communication that reach large audiences

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Government agency that regulates the communications industry

beat movement Writers who made fun of the conformity and materialism of mainstream American society

rock ’n’ roll Form of popular music, characterized by heavy rhythms and simple melodies, that developed from rhythm and blues in the 1950s

jazz A style of music characterized by improvisation

Before You Read In the last section, you read about the American dream in the 1950s. In this section, you will read that popular culture in the 1950s reflected white, middle-class America, and a subculture challenged that conformity.

As You Read Use a chart to take notes on the popular culture idols of the 1950s and their contributions.




As you read this section, take notes to answer questions about innovations and trends in 1950s popular culture.

1. Television

a. What are some of the most popular shows produced?

b. What kinds of subjects did television tend to present?

c. What kinds of subjects did it tend to avoid?

2. Radio

a. How did radio change to compete with television?

b. What role did it play in popularizing African-American culture?

3. Film

How did movies change to compete with television?

4. The beat

movement

a. Who were the most famous beat writers?

b. What were the movement’s chief characteristics?

5. Rock ’n’ roll

a. Who helped to popularize rock ’n’ roll?

b. What were rock’s chief characteristics?

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________




The Other America

THE URBAN POOR (Pages 660–661) What was the plight of the inner cities?

Prosperity reached many Americans in the 1950s. But it did not reach all Americans. In 1962, one out of every four Americans was poor. Many of these poor people were members of minority groups.

In the 1950s, millions of middle-class white people left the cities for the suburbs. This was called “white flight.” Meanwhile, many poor African Americans moved from the rural South to Northern cities. Businesses—and jobs—followed whites out of the cities. Cities also lost the taxes these people and businesses had paid. City governments could no longer afford to keep up the quality of schools, public transportation, or other services. The urban poor suffered as their neighborhoods decayed.

Many suburban, middle-class Americans could not believe that a

country as rich as the United States had such poverty in its cities. However, Michael Harrington’s 1962 book, The Other America: Poverty in the United States, made many Americans aware of the problem.

One way the government tried to solve the problem of the inner cities was called urban renewal. Minorities could not afford the new homes that had been built in the suburbs during the 1950s. Also, minorities were not welcome in the white suburbs. As a result, inner-city neighborhoods became very overcrowded.

Urban renewal was designed to tear down decaying neighborhoods and build low-cost housing. However, sometimes highways and shopping centers were built instead. The people who had lived in the old slums ended up moving to other slums—rather than into better housing.

Terms and Names urban renewal Plan to tear down decaying neighborhoods and build low-cost housing

bracero Farm workers entering the United States from Mexico

termination policy Federal government decision to end federal responsibility for Native American tribes

Before You Read In the last section, you read about mainstream American society in the 1950s. In this section, you will read about Americans who were not part of the American mainstream.

As You Read Use a diagram to take notes on the problems faced by African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans in the 1950s.




As you read about problems faced by the “other” America of the 1950s, note some causes of each problem, solutions that were offered, and some effects of those solutions. (Notice that two answers have been provided for you.)

Problem: Decaying Cities

1. Causes: Solution Offered: Urban renewal

2. Effects of solution:

Problem: Discrimination Against Mexican Americans

Causes: Prejudice against Hispanics; hard feelings toward braceros who stayed to work in the U.S. after World War II; illegal aliens escaping poor conditions in Mexico

3. Solutions offered:

Problem: Economic Hardship for Native Americans

4. Causes: 5. Solutions offered: 6. Effects of solutions:

Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________




The American Dream in the Fifties

THE ORGANIZATION AND THE ORGANIZATION MAN (Pages 641–643) What changes took place in the American workplace in the 1950s?

The economy grew rapidly in the 1950s. By 1956, more Americans were white-collar workers in offices than were in blue-collar factory jobs. White-collar workers were paid better. They usually worked in service industries, such as sales and communications.

Businesses also expanded. They formed conglomerates, or major corporations that own smaller companies in unrelated industries. Other businesses

expanded by franchising. A franchise is a company that offers similar products or services in many locations, such as fast-food restaurants.

These large companies offered well-paying, secure jobs to certain kinds of workers. These workers were conformists, or team players. They were “company people” who would fit in and not rock the boat. Businesses rewarded loyalty rather than creativity. They promoted a sameness, or standardization, of people as well as products. Books such as The Organization Man and The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit criticized this conformity.

Terms and Names conglomerate Major corporation that owns smaller companies in unrelated industries

franchise Company that offers similar products or services in many locations

baby boom Soaring birthrate from 1946 to 1964

Dr. Jonas Salk Developer of a vaccine to prevent polio

consumerism Excessive concern with buying material goods

planned obsolescence Purposely making products to become outdated or wear out quickly

Before You Read In the last section, you read about the postwar boom in the United States. In this section, you will read how many Americans achieved their dreams of material comfort and prosperity, but some found the cost of conformity too high.

As You Read Use a chart to take notes on specific goals that characterized the American Dream for suburbanites of the 1950s.




As you read this section, write notes about how Americans were affected by various trends of the 1950s.

Trends Effects

1. Business expansion:

conglomerates and franchises

2. Suburban expansion: flight

from the cities

3. Population growth:

the baby boom

4. Dramatic increase in

leisure time

5. Dramatic increase in the

use of the automobile

6. The rise of consumerism

CHAPTER 19: THE POSTWAR BOOM PAGE 1 of 4

SECTION 1: POSTWAR AMERICA___________________________________________________BLUE HEADING: Readjustment and Recovery ________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Impact Of the GI Bill _________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: GI Bill Of Rights _________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Housing Crisis _________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Suburbs ________________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Redefining the Family ___________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Economic Readjustment _________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Remarkable Recovery ___________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: Meeting Economic Challenges ______________________________________________RED HEADING: Presidents Truman’s Inheritance __________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Harry S. Truman _________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Truman Faces Strikes ___________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: “Had Enough?” ________________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: Social Unrest Persists _____________________________________________________RED HEADING: Truman Supports Civil Rights ____________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The 1948 Election_______________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Dixiecrats ______________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Stunning Upset ________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Fair Deal __________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Fair Deal _______________________________________________________________________________________


BLUE HEADING: Republicans Take the Middle Road___________________________________________RED HEADING: I Like Ike!______________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Walking the Middle of the Road ___________________________________________________________

SECTION 2: THE AMERICAN DREAM IN THE FIFTIES _____________________________________BLUE HEADING: The Organization and the Organization Man ___________________________________

RED HEADING: Conglomerates_________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Conglomerates __________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Franchises ____________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Franchises______________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Social Conformity ______________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: The Suburban Lifestyle ____________________________________________________RED HEADING: The Baby Boom ________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Baby Boom _____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Advances in Medicine and Child Care______________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Dr. Jonas Salk___________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Women’s Roles ________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Leisure in the Fifties ____________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: The Automobile Culture ____________________________________________________RED HEADING: Automania ____________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Interstate Highway System ___________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Mobility Takes Its Toll ___________________________________________________________________


BLUE HEADING: Consumerism Unbound ____________________________________________________BOLD WORD: Consumerism ___________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: New Products__________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Planned Obsolescence __________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Planned Obsolescence ___________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Buy Now, Pay Later _____________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Advertising Age ____________________________________________________________________

SECTION 3: POPULAR CULTURE ___________________________________________________BLUE HEADING: New Era of Mass Media ____________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Mass Media _____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Rise of Television___________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Federal Communications Comission (FCC) __________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Stereotypes and Gunslingers_____________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Radio and Movies ______________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: A Subculture Emerges _____________________________________________________RED HEADING: The Beat Movement _____________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Beat Movement __________________________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: African Americans and Rock ‘n’ Roll _________________________________________BOLD WORD: Rock ‘n’ Roll ____________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Rock ‘n’ Roll ___________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Racial Gap_________________________________________________________________________


BOLD WORD: Jazz ___________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION 4: THE OTHER AMERICA _________________________________________________BLUE HEADING: The Urban Poor___________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: White Flight ___________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Inner Cities ________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Urban Renewal_________________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Urban Renewal __________________________________________________________________________________

BLUE HEADING: Poverty Leads to Activism__________________________________________________RED HEADING: Mexicans Seek Employment______________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Braceros _______________________________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Longoria Incident ___________________________________________________________________

RED HEADING: Native Americans Continue Their Struggle__________________________________________________

RED HEADING: The Termination Policy __________________________________________________________________

BOLD WORD: Termination Policy _______________________________________________________________________________

Cold War Conflicts Section 1 Origins of the Cold...

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