COLD WAR 1COLD WAR 1

1945-19621945-1962

What is the United What is the United Nations?Nations?

• An international An international organization to keep organization to keep peace in the worldpeace in the world

What were two results of the What were two results of the American occupation of Japan American occupation of Japan

after World War II?after World War II?

• Japan became a democracy.Japan became a democracy.

• Japan became an ally (friend) Japan became an ally (friend) of the United States.of the United States.

What was the Cold What was the Cold War?War?

• The war of words between The war of words between the United States and the the United States and the Soviet Union between 1945 Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991and 1991

What is communism?What is communism?

• An economic system in which An economic system in which allall propertyproperty and and meansmeans ofof productionproduction are owned by are owned by society as a whole (i.e., by the society as a whole (i.e., by the government in the name of government in the name of the people)the people)

What is socialism?What is socialism?• An economic system in which An economic system in which

the government owns and the government owns and controls the means of controls the means of production, like power plants, production, like power plants, transportation, and transportation, and communicationcommunication

What were the fundamental What were the fundamental values of the values of the

American-led western nations American-led western nations during the Cold War?during the Cold War?

• DemocracyDemocracy

• Individual freedomIndividual freedom

• Free market economic system Free market economic system based on private property based on private property and profitand profit

What were the fundamental What were the fundamental values of the Soviet Union and values of the Soviet Union and its allies during the Cold War?its allies during the Cold War?

• Totalitarian government or Totalitarian government or dictatorshipdictatorship

• CommunismCommunism

• Communist or socialist Communist or socialist economic systemeconomic system

Where did the threat of a Where did the threat of a communist takeover cause communist takeover cause

President Truman to announce President Truman to announce the Truman Doctrine?the Truman Doctrine?

• GreeceGreece

• TurkeyTurkey

What was the Truman What was the Truman Doctrine?Doctrine?

• United States would “support United States would “support free peoples who [were] resisting free peoples who [were] resisting attempted subjugation [control] attempted subjugation [control] by armed minorities or by by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”outside pressures.”

What President was What President was responsible for the responsible for the

Marshall Plan?Marshall Plan?

•Harry TrumanHarry Truman

What was the Marshall What was the Marshall Plan?Plan?

• U.S. economic aid U.S. economic aid program to European program to European nations after World nations after World War IIWar II

What was the dual purpose What was the dual purpose of the Marshall Plan?of the Marshall Plan?

• Rebuild European economiesRebuild European economies

• Stop the spread of Stop the spread of communismcommunism

What was containment?What was containment?

• The American policy to The American policy to limit communism to those limit communism to those areas where it already areas where it already existedexisted

What was the non-What was the non-communist part of Germany communist part of Germany

during the Cold War?during the Cold War?

• West GermanyWest Germany

What was the communist What was the communist part of Germany during the part of Germany during the

Cold War?Cold War?

• East GermanyEast Germany

Who was Alger Hiss?Who was Alger Hiss?

• A U.S. State Department A U.S. State Department official charged with giving official charged with giving secret documents to the Sovietssecret documents to the Soviets

• Convicted of perjuryConvicted of perjury

Who were Julius and Ethel Who were Julius and Ethel Rosenberg?Rosenberg?

• A couple who gained A couple who gained information about the U.S. information about the U.S. atomic projectatomic project

• They were convicted of They were convicted of espionage and executedespionage and executed

What is espionage?What is espionage?

SpyingSpying

What federal agency What federal agency coordinates the spy activities of coordinates the spy activities of the United States government?the United States government?

• Central Intelligence Central Intelligence Agency or CIAAgency or CIA

What was NATO?What was NATO?

• A defensive military alliance A defensive military alliance of U.S. and Western of U.S. and Western European countriesEuropean countries

• An attack on one would be An attack on one would be considered an attack on allconsidered an attack on all

Who was the Communist Who was the Communist Chinese leader?Chinese leader?

• Mao ZedongMao Zedong

Who was the anti-Who was the anti-communist Chinese leader?communist Chinese leader?

• Chiang Kai-shekChiang Kai-shek

What is Taiwan?What is Taiwan?

• Anti-communist nation Anti-communist nation founded on the island of founded on the island of Formosa when Chiang Formosa when Chiang fled Chinafled China

Who was Senator Joseph Who was Senator Joseph McCarthy?McCarthy?

• A Republican senator who A Republican senator who accused many American accused many American officials of being communistsofficials of being communists

What was McCarthyism?What was McCarthyism?

• Unfairly accusing others of Unfairly accusing others of disloyalty, especially of disloyalty, especially of being pro-communist, being pro-communist, without solid evidencewithout solid evidence

How has the term How has the term McCarthyism continued to be McCarthyism continued to be

used?used?

• To refer to situations where To refer to situations where someone makes false someone makes false accusations based on rumor accusations based on rumor or guilt by associationor guilt by association

What were the Army-What were the Army-McCarthy Hearings?McCarthy Hearings?

• Televised investigations of Televised investigations of alleged communist influence alleged communist influence in the United States Armyin the United States Army

• Revealed that Senator Joseph Revealed that Senator Joseph McCarthy had made many McCarthy had made many false chargesfalse charges

Why were the Army-McCarthy Why were the Army-McCarthy Hearings important?Hearings important?

• Showed that Senator Showed that Senator Joseph McCarthy was a Joseph McCarthy was a liar and a bullyliar and a bully

• Ended Senator McCarthy’s Ended Senator McCarthy’s power and influence power and influence

What event brought an end to What event brought an end to Joseph McCarthy’s power and Joseph McCarthy’s power and

influence?influence?

• The Army-McCarthy The Army-McCarthy HearingsHearings

Which is the Which is the communist Korea?communist Korea?

•North KoreaNorth Korea

Which is non-communist Which is non-communist Korea?Korea?

• South KoreaSouth Korea

What was the Korean War?What was the Korean War?

• The 1950-1953 war caused The 1950-1953 war caused when communist North Korea when communist North Korea invaded anti-communist South invaded anti-communist South KoreaKorea

Who was president when the Who was president when the Korean War began?Korean War began?

• Harry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman

Who was president when the Who was president when the Korean War ended?Korean War ended?

• Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower

Which president was Which president was associated with massive associated with massive

retaliation?retaliation?

• Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower

What was Massive What was Massive Retaliation?Retaliation?

• President Eisenhower’s President Eisenhower’s policy that the U.S. would use policy that the U.S. would use swift, all-out military actions swift, all-out military actions against any nation that against any nation that attacked the U.S. or an allyattacked the U.S. or an ally

What was the Bay of What was the Bay of Pigs?Pigs?

• The CIA sponsored invasion The CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles to of Cuba by Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro. It overthrow Castro. It failedfailed!!

Who was president during the Who was president during the Cuban Missile Crisis?Cuban Missile Crisis?

• John F. KennedyJohn F. Kennedy

What was the Cuban Missile What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?Crisis?

• Soviets placed nuclear missiles Soviets placed nuclear missiles in Cubain Cuba

• U.S. blockaded CubaU.S. blockaded Cuba

• Soviets removed the missilesSoviets removed the missiles

Who was the Soviet leader Who was the Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile during the Cuban Missile

Crisis?Crisis?

• Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev