Coherent Diffractive X-Ray Microscopy Using the Phase Focus
Transcript of Coherent Diffractive X-Ray Microscopy Using the Phase Focus
Phase Focus Limited0 Part of the group of companies
Coherent Diffractive X-Ray MicroscopyUsing the Phase Focus Virtual Lens®
Ian Pykett, CEO
Phase Focus Limited1 Part of the group of companies
Phase Focus
• Phase Focus – a 2006 spin-out from the University of Sheffield
• Co-founders: Ian Pykett (CEO) and Prof. John Rodenburg (CSO),
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
• Commercialising a coherent diffractive imaging technology
developed by Prof. Rodenburg
• Raised £1.3 million in equity and grant funding to date
• Associated academic research continuing under a £4.3 million
Basic Technology Programme – “Ultimate Microscopy” – led by
Prof. Rodenburg at Sheffield and involving 6 other UK Universities
Phase Focus Limited2 Part of the group of companies
The Phase Focus Virtual Lens®
• A method for coherent diffractive imaging (“lensless” imaging)
that transfers the task of image formation from physical
components (lens) to a software algorithm
• A platform technology – applicable in principle to the entire
electromagnetic spectrum
• Initial commercial focus: optical, electron and X-ray microscopy
“… a very clever approach … a practical method of lensless imaging”
J. Murray Gibson, Assoc. Director, ANL
January 26 2007
Phase Focus Limited3 Part of the group of companies
The Phase Focus Virtual Lens®
With no degradation of the image by imperfect X-ray optics
… lensless imaging has the potential to achieve diffraction-
limited resolution in three dimensions … For non-symmetrical
objects, coherent diffractive imaging opens broad new
horizons for structure determination and visualization that
were unthinkable only ten years ago … Lensless microscopy
can open broad new horizons for high-resolution 3-D imaging
of single macromolecules.
With no degradation of the image by imperfect X-ray optics
… lensless imaging has the potential to achieve diffraction-
limited resolution in three dimensions … For non-symmetrical
objects, coherent diffractive imaging opens broad new
horizons for structure determination and visualization that
were unthinkable only ten years ago … Lensless microscopy
can open broad new horizons for high-resolution 3-D imaging
of single macromolecules.
W. Eberhardt, F. Himpsel (Chairs). Report of the Workshop on Solving Science and Energy Grand Challenges
with Next-Generation Photon Sources, U.S. Department of Energy, May 2009
Phase Focus Limited4 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Benefits
• “Lensless” – no high quality focussing devices (lenses; zone
plates) required
• Imaging of arbitrarily large fields of view within extended
specimens
• Imaging of quasi- and non-crystalline specimens
• Post-acquisition multi-focal-plane reconstructions though the
specimen thickness
• Routine acquisition of quantitative phase data
• Resolution limited in principle only by wavelength
• Readily interfaced with existing instrumentation
Phase Focus Limited5 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Method
Diffraction Patterns
1. Moving illumination
Phase Focus Limited6 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Method
Diffraction Patterns
1. Moving illumination
Phase Focus Limited7 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Method
2. Processing: The Virtual Lens
a.k.a. Ptychographic Iterative Engine
Diffraction Patterns
Phase Focus Limited8 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Method
From any (or every) focal plane within the specimen:
A. Amplitude image (traditional “brightfield” image) …
… how much the specimen
absorbs (or reflects) the light
B. Phase image…
… how much the specimen
changes the phase of the
light
2. Processing: The Virtual Lens
a.k.a. Ptychographic Iterative Engine
Phase Focus Limited9 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Method
Amplitude Phase
Phase Focus Limited10 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Method
Phase
25.4 mm
Phase Focus Limited11 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Optical Applications
Eggs: lily anther
Fly’s wing
• Stain-free live cell imaging
• Multi-phase systems
• Transmission; reflection
• Thickness; refractive index
• MetrologyBrightness =
absorption.
Colour =
quantitative
phase
Phase Focus Limited12 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: First X-Ray Results
• Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute
J. M. Rodenburg, A. C. Hurst, A. G. Cullis, B. R. Dobson, F. Pfieffer,
O. Bunk, C. David, K. Jefimovs, I. Johnson. Hard-X-Ray Lensless Imaging
of Extended Objects. Phys. Rev. Lttrs. 98:034801-1 – 034801-4 (2007)
10
µµµµm
SEM of Zone Plate
Phase Focus Limited13 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: First X-Ray Results
• Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute
10
µµµµm10 µµµµm
SEM of Zone Plate Virtual Lens Image of Zone Plate
J. M. Rodenburg, A. C. Hurst, A. G. Cullis, B. R. Dobson, F. Pfieffer,
O. Bunk, C. David, K. Jefimovs, I. Johnson. Hard-X-Ray Lensless Imaging
of Extended Objects. Phys. Rev. Lttrs. 98:034801-1 – 034801-4 (2007)
Phase Focus Limited14 Part of the group of companies
Swiss Light Source
P. Thibault, M. Dierolf, A. Menzel, O. Bunk, C. David, F. Pfeiffer. High-Resolution Scanning X-ray
Diffraction Microscopy. Science 321: 379-382, 2008
Amplitude Phase
• Subsequent work
Phase Focus Limited15 Part of the group of companies
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne
• Work towards coherent diffraction imaging of collagen-rich
biological soft tissues
F. B. de la Cuesta, M. P. E. Wenger, R. J. Bean, L. Bozec, M. A. Horton, I. K. Robinson. Coherent X-ray diffraction from
collagenous soft tissues. PNAS 106: 15297–15301, 2009.
First meridional reflection
from rat tail tendon
Phase Focus Limited16 Part of the group of companies
Diamond Light Source
• Prof. Rodenburg invited to serve on Working Group for
I13 – X-Ray Imaging and Coherence Beamline
– Due to be complete by 2012
First turf cut for Diamond's X-ray imaging and coherence
beamline: 26 June 2009
Phase Focus Limited17 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Invitation to Collaborators
• Phase Focus welcomes collaborators
– Strategic business partners
– Vendors to synchrotron facilities
– Commercial users of synchrotron facilities
– Scientific researchers
– Applications definition
– Applications research
Phase Focus Limited18 Part of the group of companies
Virtual Lens: Further Information
• J. M. Rodenburg, H. M. L. Faulkner. A phase retrieval algorithm for shifting
illumination. App. Phys. Lttrs. 85: 4795-4797, 2004
• J. M. Rodenburg, A. C. Hurst, A. G. Cullis. Transmission microscopy without
lenses for objects of unlimited size. Ultramicroscopy 107: 227-231, 2007
• J. M. Rodenburg, A. C. Hurst, A. G. Cullis, B. R. Dobson, F. Pfieffer, O. Bunk, C.
David, K. Jefimovs, I. Johnson. Hard-X-Ray Lensless Imaging of Extended
Objects. Phys. Rev. Lttrs. 98:034801-1 – 034801-4 (2007)
• J. M. Rodenburg. Ptychography and related diffractive imaging methods.
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics (Ed. P. W. Hawkes) 150: 87-184,
2008
• A. M. Maiden, J. M. Rodenburg. An improved ptychographical phase
retrieval algorithm for diffractive imaging. Ultramicroscopy, Volume 109: 1256-
1262, 2009
• www.phasefocus.com
Phase Focus Limited19 Part of the group of companies
Acknowledgements
• Phase Focus, Ltd.
– John Rodenburg
(CSO)
– Andrew Hurst
– Andrew Maiden
– Vassilios Albanis
– Martin Humphry
– Joanne Sharp
– Francis Sweeney
– Nick Sleep
• Swiss Light Source
– Franz Pfeiffer, et al
• University of Sheffield
Ultimate Microscopy Basic
Technology Programme
– John Rodenburg (PI)
– Andrew Maiden
– Francis Sweeney
– Liu Cheng
– Tega Edo
– Katherine Atkinson
– Thomas Walther
– Tony Cullis
– Ian Robinson, et al (UCL)
Phase Focus Limited20 Part of the group of companies
Redefining microscopyand imaging