Cognitive Radio for Military Communications SPAWAR March 2012

The information presented herein is confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are

registered trademarks of xG Technology, Inc. Copyright 2012, All Rights Reserved.

www.xgtechnology.com 1

The information presented herein is strictly confidential and subject to change without notice. xG® and xMax® are


www.xgtechnology.com

xMax Cognitive Radio Networks

MARCH 2012




Why cognitive radio matters

Civilian and host nation operators are demanding additional spectrum resources for data hungry consumers

Spectrum challenges for the warfighter are multiplied by global operations and jamming (intentional & unintentional)

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) and Cognitive Radio

• Identify and access unused spectrum globally

• Advanced interference detection, mitigation and avoidance

• Connectivity and capacity – when and where needed

Existing Spectrum Allocations Existing Spectrum Allocations Exponential global spectrum management challenges

Inundated Global

Spectrum

Solution




Commercial Environment Military Environment

Massive demand for wireless applications Issue every soldier a cell phone

Limited supply of spectrum No new spectrum – relocate/share existing?

Lack of spectrum precludes new market entry

Host nation spectrum access

Expensive service plans Expensive service plans

Mobility On the move

Smartphone adoption Smartphone as force multiplier

Commercial vs. military challenges

► Shared pursuit of a cost-effective mobile voice and broadband capability using a single set of IP infrastructure

► Flexible all-IP architecture allows xMax to answer commercial and unique military requirements – “future-proof”




Unique military requirements

Commercial Environment Military Environment

Massive demand for wireless applications Issue every soldier a cell phone

Limited supply of spectrum No new spectrum – relocate/share exisiting?

Lack of spectrum precludes new market entry Host nation spectrum access

Expensive service plans Expensive service plans

Mobility On the move

Smartphone adoption Smartphone as force multiplier

Military Environment

Issue every soldier a cell phone

No new spectrum – relocate/share existing?

Host nation spectrum access

Expensive service plans

On the move

Smartphone as force multiplier

Security, encryption, LPD, LPI, LPJ

Reduced SWaP

Expeditionary/tactical networks

Real-time apps, low latency, future-proof

Rapid deploy, self organizing networks

Precedence, flow management

Apps, C3I, across the operational continuum

Additional requirements

“Commercial cellular communications has much to offer the Army but CANNOT support all phases of military operations” – CERDEC S&TCD Feb 8th, 2011




► Cognitive radio identifies spectrum that is not being fully used …

► … and dynamically tunes to those frequencies if interference is detected on channel currently in use (DSA)

► Priority is to minimize interference to other devices by ‘running away’

► Often, alternative channel choice preset (and can be predicted and hacked/jammed)

The focus on ‘running away’ from interference does a poor job of optimizing all available spectrum resources i.e., Grey/Black Spaces, not “White Spaces”

Traditional approach …




… vs. xMax approach

xG’s cognitive radio network solution dynamically optimizes spectrum utilization through opportunistic use of all available resources

► Advanced sensing and multi-spatial interference mitigation and avoidance technologies offer the ability

− both to mitigate interference, which extends “dwell time” on the current frequency …

− … and avoid interference by hopping to other ‘cleaner’ channel instantly if interference is overwhelming and performance falls below set thresholds (within 40ms)

► In addition, to maximize throughput (or range) and minimize interference, xMax dynamically adapts network architecture to real-time conditions

− power output

− modulation

− channel plan

− network protocol




xMax cognitive radio

► xMax layered cognitive approach

− spectrum sensing: interference based detection of transmitters (background scan every 20ms)

− spatial processing: MIMO technologies allow resistance to interferers. Optimize SNR using multiple antenna processing to improve link budget and data rates. Also used to track and cancel interference from multiple mobile transmitters using sophisticated multi-spatial signal processing algorithms

− spectrum sharing: able to operate in crowded shared spectrum (ISM, UNI II etc.). Detect interferers, mitigate them or avoid them by changing operating parameters or frequencies

− spectrum management: capture the best available spectrum for use at any time. Can add capacity anywhere, any time without using existing frequencies

− spectrum mobility: use spectrum dynamically (DSA). Mobile user terminals and base stations can decide to change bands where they operate

“Unlike other cognitive radio systems currently being trialed, xMax features advanced interference detection and

avoidance capabilities designed to work around both intentional and unintentional interference.” – White Paper: “ New Approaches To Optimizing Radio Spectrum” (Andrew Seybold), December 2011




Real Time Inputs

Link measurements

RF conditions

Application requirements

Location of interferers

Spectrum availability

Network conditions

Internal/external policies

Internal capabilities

Power/battery status

Dynamic Decisions

Spectrum/channel use …

Modulation rates …

Receiver algorithms …

Antenna configuration …

Interference mitigation …

Transmit power …

Network protocols …

Error correction …

xMax cognitive operation

► Decisions are made at the edge by the end user device

− asymmetry of interference

− local sensing and measurements adapts to interference across each end of the RAN

► xMax takes cognitive operation way beyond simple spectrum sensing




► xMax - the world’s first wide area cellular cognitive radio network solution

– fully mobile (highway speeds) as well as fixed applications

– high QoS, carrier-grade voice, data and video on single integrated network

– low cost: no spectrum licence fees, lower network engineering and management costs

– frequency agnostic – supports global deployment

– rapidly deployable – leverages existing Internet infrastructure; satellite backhaul

– highly scalable – coverage and capacity can be tailored to the need

– end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP) system – can be integrated into any IP service (e.g., Skype) and device (e.g., smartphone)

► System level experience in Fort Lauderdale trial network demonstrated the need for a broader network solution

– building on the foundations of Dynamic Spectrum Access

xMax features

" Put simply, xMax enables enterprises of any kind to set up a mobile communications network quickly, cheaply and efficiently – providing a licensed spectrum experience to end users operating in unlicensed spectrum. As such, the addressable market is vast.“ – Matt Walker, Research Analyst, First Columbus




ASIC

MANET

Self Organising Networks

Interference Mitigation

MIMO

Dynamic Spectrum

Access

Extent of Competitors Cognitive Radio Technology

xG’s Complete Cognitive Network Solution

xMax features

► Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is key

► BUT xG’s Cognitive Network solution xMax delivers much more than just DSA

• ASIC: Moves xMax functionality to chip level Installation by any OEM

• MANET:

Mobile mesh networks Every user makes the network stronger

• Self-Organising Networks: Automatic networking & optimization No wireless experience needed

• Interference Mitigation: xMax works where other radios can’t Higher capacity and reliability

• MIMO: Extends range and throughput Lower cost per bit & per customer

• Dynamic Spectrum Access: Finds & uses available frequencies

Optimizes spectrum resources

2014 2013 2012 2011




Urban/Suburban - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida – fully mobile 32 mile2 network

– densely populated

– interference-rich environment

– extensive testing has allowed continual system performance enhancement and development of robust system

Military - US Army - TX, NM, NJ – lab validated (CERDEC)

– garrison enterprise solution

– tactical cellular – austere desert

Rural – Lewisville, Arkansas – underserved market

– low noise, excellent range

Pilot networks

“These are major-league pioneers who have built something that works well.“ —Craig Mathias, Wireless Analyst, 2010

Ft. Lauderdale, FL

White Sands, NM

Lewisville, AR




1H11 deployment platform

►Full Tactical Deployment

– proven in the field at Fort Bliss and White Sands Missile Range

– self-contained and highly mobile

– seamless integration with SatCom backhaul

– can add capacity anywhere, any time without using existing frequencies

– resistant to jamming

• “The solution has proven to operate very reliably, even when confronted by intentional jamming” (Mike McCarthy, Director of Operations for the Mission Command Complex, Fort Bliss)

Proven in the most challenging conditions – for both fixed and tactical deployments




Game changing capabilities

Military tests of xG Technology solution could have

domestic implications

Nov 16, 2011 5:58 PM, By Donny Jackson

([email protected])

. . . .commercial-wireless executives

have been outspoken in proclaiming

a “spectrum crisis” that federal

policymakers have been working

feverishly to resolve . . ..

. . . ., the military has opted to conduct its own tests . . .And

the xMax system tested at Fort Bliss was “exceptionally

impressive,” according to Mike McCarthy, director of

operations for the Mission Command Complex at the Brigade

Modernization Command at Fort Bliss

McCarthy said the military plans to conduct further tests in the spring to “push that system as far as we can push it”

“The results of these tests should be of interest to many, not just those in the military. If the xMax system proves that it can provide

reliable communications over unlicensed spectrum, the utility of unlicensed bands and prospects for wireless communications

operating in the TV white spaces could be transformed in the near future”

http://urgentcomm.com/




xMax Wireless Network

Public

or

Private

Internet

xMSC

xMax Cognitive Radio Network (C-RAN) Core Network Public/Private Network

VoIP

CORE

POTS calling

SMS service

Wi-Fi

Network

xMSC provides

network

management,

firewall , SIP

proxies, and

SMS servers

xMod is a

mobile bridge

between WiFi

and the xMax

network

Smartphones,

laptops, tablets or

any other WiFi

enabled device can

connect to the xMod

xAPs provide

wireless voice,

data and

video.connectivity

to xMods

WiFi Network

SMS

server

xMax system

Cellular

Network




v1.1: Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) VoIP & SMS Network (2011)

VoIP

SOFTSWITCH

GIG

• xMONITOR

• xDRIVE

xMSC

PSTN

BSN250

• MACRO CELLS

• 900MHz

TX70

• PSTN

• E911

• LOW COST CALLING

• DYNAMIC SPECTRUM ACCESS

• VOICE & SMS

• Wi-Fi

Product roadmap

Current network: DSA handsets

Dynamically analyzes spectrum at the edge to avoid localized interference

v2.0: Enable Mobile Data and COTS Smart Devices on Cognitive Radio Network (Q1 2012)

GIG

VoIP

SOFTSWITCH

• xMONITOR

• xDRIVE

xMSC BSN250

ANDROID OS

xMOD

• xMAX to WIFI

BRIDGE

• END DEVICE

AGNOSTIC

RIM OS

APPLE OS WINDOWS

OS PSTN • PSTN

• E911


• MACRO CELLS

• DATA

• MIMO

Leverage COTS smart phones and apps at the edge

Broadband data and scalable VoIP on one set of infrastructure




GIG

• xMONITOR

• xDRIVE

xMSC xAP

• FULLY MOBILE

• SELF-ORGANIZING

• REDUCE SWaP + C

xMOD

• HIGHER

DATA RATE

• LONGER

RANGE

ANDROID OS

RIM OS

APPLE OS

WINDOWS

OS

• PSTN

• E911


PSTN

Capabilities

•DSA

•Cognitive MANET

•Global operation

•Enhance & extend

commercial cellular

•Reduced Cost

v2.5: Self-Organizing Net, Micro Base Station, Higher Throughput (2012)

v3.0: Fully Mobile Expeditionary Network, Additional Frequency (2013)

GIG

• xMONITOR

• xDRIVE

xMSC xAP

• MICRO ACCESS POINT

• SELF-ORGANIZING

• REDUCE SWaP + C

• 900MHz + (700MHz OPT)

xMOD

• HIGHER

DATA RATE

• LONGER

RANGE

ANDROID OS

RIM OS

APPLE OS

WINDOWS

OS

• PSTN

• E911


PSTN

Apps & Capabilities

•VoIP & Data

•DSA

•PTT, Call Groups

•QoS - Latency

•PLI

•Encryption

Product roadmap

v4.0: xMax functionality on a chip (2014)

Cognitive, Self-organizing networks Expeditionary, fully mobile IP cellular network access points

Chip solution for incorporation in end-user devices Enables full cognitive capability on COTS handsets

GIG

• xMONITOR

• xDRIVE

xMSC

xAP

• FULLY MOBILE

• SELF-ORGANIZING

• REDUCE SWaP + C

xMOD

• HIGHER

DATA RATE

• LONGER

RANGE

ANDROID OS

RIM OS

APPLE OS

WINDOWS

OS

• PSTN

• E911


PSTN

Capabilities

•DSA

•Cognitive MANET

•COTS devices

•Global operation

•Enhance & extend

commercial cellular

•Low cost




Dynamic radio adaptation

Cognitive Network

VoIP

VoIP

Video

File Transfer

• Low Bit Rate

Modulation

• 5GHz

• Low Power

• High Bit Rate Modulation

• 5GHz

• High Power

• Medium Bit Rate

Modulation

• 900MHz

• Low Power

• High Bit Rate

Modulation

• 900MHz

• Medium Power




Dynamic radio adaptation

Cognitive Network

VoIP

VoIP

Video

File Transfer

• Low Bit Rate

Modulation

• 5GHz

• Low Power

• High Bit Rate Modulation

• 900MHz

• High Power

• High Bit Rate

Modulation

• 900MHz

• High Power

• Low Bit Rate

Modulation

• 900MHz

• Low Power

Interferers




Network protocol adaptation

Cognitive Radio

Network reconfigures

to mesh operation

(cognitive network

protocol)

Damage to Network Infrastructure

Reincorporates

network

infrastructure

when available




► Self-frequency planning - the system comes up automatically and finds available frequencies; no manual frequency co-ordination required

► Self-optimizing- the system uses DSA technology to maximize throughput and reliability, delivering a licensed spectrum experience in unlicensed spectrum

► Leverages existing smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc. directly into the xMax mobile radio network to save costs and offer unmatched applications and functionality

► End-to-end IP architecture - simplifies integration with LTE, P25 and other networks via industry standard interfaces and protocols; voice can be tagged and prioritized end-to-end through network for high reliability

► Tactical and scalable deployments – rapidly deployable size and weight, proven integration with satellite and point to point backhaul radios

► Difficult to jam or hack – dynamic channel/band hopping makes jamming attacks and penetrations far more difficult than traditional radio systems

Key benefits xMax offers military




Leverage DoD/MoD Capabilities

WiFi

COTS

Smart Phone

xMod

Data Access

•Voice & Data •Push & receive video •Share pictures •Position location info (PLI) •Collaborate, whiteboard , chat •SMS, text, •PTT, call group

Soldier

Command Post

Army App “I ran an excursion where we attempted to jam it with conventional military jamming systems, and we were unable to do it, xMax was able to stay ahead of the jammers that were trying to attack it and kept the communications systems up and operational throughout the two weeks that I ran the jammers”. Mike McCarthy, Director of

Operations, Brigade Modernization

Command , Ft. Bliss, TX




Summary

► xMax represents a scalable, flexible and fully expeditionary architecture that

– supports small teams to large

– offloads cellular costs to help make “one soldier one phone” affordable

– addresses global spectrum challenges

► xG is committed to meeting military requirements

– deliver capabilities via software vs. hardware

– future-proofing

– shoulder-to-shoulder partnership – learn requirements, adapt platform, deliver solutions

Cognitive Radio for Military Communications SPAWAR March 2012

Technology

Transcript of Cognitive Radio for Military Communications SPAWAR March 2012