Cognitive Functioning and Degree of Psychosis in

Sp1ima given many Electroconvulsive Treatrnent4.

Ily DUNALJ 1. TEMPLS&, COL F.

PRoaLaM

Goldman Gomer, and Templer 2 found

gs the `Bender-Gestalt and Lenten Visual

stesction Tat performances of male chronic

wliisophrcnic in-patients with a history of 50

more electroconvulsivc treatments ECF

were signihcandy inferior to those of control

&nu snatched for age, level of education,

5od ta However, the authors snaintainc4

that it canzwt be inferred with certainty that

£CF causes permanent brain dain*ge since it

s possible that schizophrenic patients more

lkdy to receive EC1' arc those whose psychosis

`imorescvere Ithas beensieported that patients

with the so-called functional psychiatric disH derstendtodopoorlyontestsoforganicity.

* The purposca of the present research were I* wrcpliiethefindingsofGoldmanamL; ii tocompare EYE and control patients on the

* Wecl*ler Adult Intelligence Scale WAIS; and* flu to compare the 4cgt ofpsydis ttECT

__

$

ManteL

Subjects were 14 male and 30 female schizo

phrenia in Western State Hospital, Hopkins

Vi&, Kentucky. Of these patients aa had a

bryoffrom4otoa63ECTwithamedianbc d58'. AU WE was administered

* carlies than seven years ago. `The aa control

* pitients were matched for age, sex, race, and* bet of education. Table I indicates S

Mt between-groups snatching.

All 44 patients were administered the WAIS,the Ben4er-Gestalt, and the Benton Form C,

Mzninittration A. Ten othe BCE patients and

*i8 dthe control patients were able to complete

the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inven

tory MMPI. The Pascal and State!! 3**tbd ojcorurig for deviations on the Bender-

RUFF Gi ARMST&ONG

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aairol ,rm@s

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bcntoa error score

Banon no.aWAIS vcrbsl IQ..WAZS pcronnaaccIQWA1S full scsI. IQ

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Gestalt was employed. Two scoring systemswere used for the Lenten: i the number ofcorrect reproductions or `number correct scores',and ii `error scores' consisting of a detAiledanalysis of specific errors in each figure deathcard `. The iuterscorer reliability coefficientsbctwcen the two scorers were 99 p `C `os forthe Bender-Gestalt error scat, `97 p c potfor the Lenten error scores, and `9 p c tot-

for the Benton nwnber correct scores.The MMPI was administered so that the

scores of BCE and control patients could becompared both on the Schizophrenia Sc Scaleand on a special Sc-C Scale developed byWatson to differentiate organics fromschizophrenia. `The unweighted long fossthe SoO Scale was employed.

Additional procedures for comparing thedegree of psychosis of BCE and control pasiesitsentailcd the blind rating otwo experienced

clinical psychologists. These psychologists were

requested to sort the sets of answers on theVerbal section of the WAIS into the 22 mon

psychotic and the aa least psychotic. .`I t

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i:cT group

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psychologists were given the following instruc

`Ptacc the sets of WMS answers into two

categories, with those of the aa mat psychoticpatients in one category and those of the 22 leastpsychotic patients in the other. Consider loaenas ofassociatioa peculiar ideation, idinsyncratic resposisa, and in general the abnormalities than can

be sulaumed under "schizophrenic thinking". Try toconsider extent of thought disorder rather than

guimber of correct answers or level of intelligencedisplayed. In like fashion place the Bender-Gestaltrtproductions into two categories of the a mat

psychotic and the an Least psychotic.'

As indicated in Table I, the mean error score

on the Bender-Gestalt was 5a4 for the LCF

group and 6'8a for the control group 1 =

3'ao, p < `ot. The mean Lemon error score

was 1848 for the LCF group and 5482 for the

control group 1 2 2O, p < o5, and the

mean Benton number correct score was i'ag for

the LCF group and a' s8 for the control group

la s'67,fr< `o.OnthcWA1S,theECT

and control group respective means were 68'o

479'7afbrVerbalIQí=v46,p <`ci,

6'68and7559lbrPcr1brmanCeIQS = 202,

ft<'05,afld65'73a51d76'774I&3lC

IQjs a 232,ft .c os.For the E group, the product-moment

correlation coefficient between number of ECT

ItceiVed and Bender-Gestalt error score was

`07 ns.; between number ofECT and Demon

error score, p C `so; between number of

EU!' and Ilenton number correct score, `37p< .o5* betweennumbcrofEfff and

Verbal IQ, `so u.s.; between number of BC'!'

psid Performance IQ, `sac p .c `to; between

* juguber of ECTF and Full Scale IQ,'a6 u.s..

`fle mean MMPI Sc Scale scpre was 4o.9ofor the 10 LCTF patients who completed the

MM?! and for the t8 control patients

who completed the MMPI a - *93, u.s.. In

pine instances both the LCT patients and their

* control patients completed the MMPI. The

* wean Sc Scale score for these nine LCTF patients

was s'8; the mean of the corresponding nine

control patients was 3589 1 = 5*07, n.s.. On

* 4jp MM?! Sc-k Scale upon which & higher

score indicates a greater probability oforganicityand a lesser one of schizophrenia, the so 1LCJFpatients obtained a mean score of8 `oc and ths8 control patients obtained a mean score

a'ss a 555, n.s.. For the nine cases jwhich the BC'!' patients and their controls botlcompleted the MM?!, the mean Sc-O Scalesscores were 8'aa and 4544 rcspectivcly:-2Ig,p< .05.One of the clinical psychologist raters classj.

fled sof the ECT patients' WAIS protocols andseven of the control patients' protocols into the`aa most psychotic' category x'a5.o8,pc.oa.The other clinical psychologist classified sG ECF

...` protocols and 6 control protocols into

;ja mat psychotic' category Xh1a9.oa,

ae of the clinical psychologists cLassified q* ..S patients' and 8 of the control patienwBender-Gestalt reproductions into the `aa mostpsychotic' category 3'27, C so. Theother psychologist clauifted *5 BC!!' patient?Bender-Gestalt reproductions and 7 controipatients' reproductions into the `aa niisydwdc' category z s'8ofr C `on,

CoNcwszoss AND Discussion

The Goldman.: a!. findings ofLCF patients'

inferior Benton and Bender-Gegialt perforsar

anon were replicated in the present study.

The LCT patients' performance ws also fouS

to be inferior on the WAIS. However, the BC]?patients were found to be more psychotic on all

eight indices of psyclsaes-both of the MMPI

Sc Scale score comparisons, both of the Sc-O

Scale comparisons, both sets of clinical judges

menu upon the WAIS, and both sets of clinical

judgements upon the Bender-Gestalt. The iS

ofsignificance is beyond the `o level in three dthese comparisons. Furthermore, for the to

BC'!' patients who completed the MMfl, Ut

correlation coefficient between nupiber ofWIreceived and Sc Scale score is `77 p <However, the greater degree of ps$choais ci

the BC'!' patients does not rule out organicity.It is conceivable that they could be boAorganically damaged and more psychotic. Is

order to equate both groups for degree ci

psychosis, the so EU!' patients who completS

the MMPI were matched for MM Sc SØ

I

score as ci

patents. TI

these LU!'

is 1'9pOint

ECTandct4o'90 and

mean differiapd control

p<'o5QandsioS

210 and g

number conn.s. for Va

n.s. for Pert = `p8, n,:

It is appa

performance

very similar

trollS for. F

so matched

I patients' Ben

* ficantly infer.

is not certain

upon a test oJ

not upon ta

Doaiitid I. Ten

Carol F. Rug

Gloria Armstrc

Wnssni Su

Rsc4iivdg4

*fWnt sdfrg.j .1

I-,fl:

;-4.

*`t,

C

* iL.

I

IV DONALD I. T&MPL&&, CAMOLY. &UP AND OWLIA A&MZTtONO

AaowMaosMua

* Appreciation is citendod to Cyril and Viola Franksfth&jiadgcmrau oflkc jmychodáwdWAl$swan sa$

nw

443

gence. Howcvcr, with the aa ECF patients andtheir 22 control patients, the greatat level ofsignificance was obtained with the Bender-

Gestalt. Such a finding was also reported in the

Goldman ii at study. The ECI' ents'

kpfcrior Bcndcr.GcstaJtpcr'jjcuzdoasuaest1iEcrr CaLpcsrIanP9t briiaLpae

wicit, ,ait as closely as possible with lo control

Ear jignts. The mean absolute difference between

SOT and control patients on the Sc Scale

* kl.gPu.Tbtmean5cScalc5c0tt*f0tthe

isa in gifrand control patients were almost identical,

Is ioü oio and 4o*So respectively. The respective

Scales sn d U'erence for these MMPI matched LUE

ctivcly spdWAtWlPatients1576'9andS5'9ta228,

C `05 for Bcndtr-Gatalt error score; 15'9

classi. sad 140 S - s'ol, u.s. for Benton error score;

uWand glO and aoo I - s'oo, u.s. lbr Bcnton

atothe pbetcotreCt1core77'1aud82'tt .54,

sis for Verbal IQj and 798 i a

LEt? n4forPCrüflWtccIQJand7b'1a0480's0 %t V 11 0 1 Tfl

5. BIMT, A. 1.. 5963. The Balm Vans! frhi Tug:

iils into I - `7ss, iLlq an £ 1%. Cliska! izad &eriasW AJIMW' ?4sIt is apparent t Benton W Psychological Corporation.

* pafbrwanccs of LOT and control patients are s. Gowausw, IL, Goat, F. t, and Taunts, D. I.

thaI 54 - ycry similar when degree of jaychosis is con- 1972. `Iang4aw effects of chciroconvulaivt

asiente galled for. ijpweves', even with the two group !t'' "!`,77?L.A C 5,. 1.. 1 1._ revs'

12 WaIt o mawsaas an p4ycuupauaseuy, USC 3. Pasost, G. IL, and Surrsza, t J. ta. 7

o. The patients' BendctGC5talt performance Was signi- £aér4uli Tea. Ncw York: Paul t Mother.

isienu' kantly inferior to that of the control group. It *Wti.osc C C. `7i. `An MMPI scsi. scpanM

ccganj nottainwhy such significance was obtainedbrain-damaged born scbisos*sS ` 3:.

:4t!

VT*

ciform- *

study. *

ofound * * *

beEt?

icon all

;ffl

lie Sc-O

iljudge- * Y *

Donald 1. Tcmpler1 Pk.D.1 CIisf&hoIqü4

of Carol F. asw, sa., CkfPpcho1osia,

t jOhria Aroissroo, M.A.,

Wsssn S Jiospua4 H*thsviLLs, I.aky jaaj4, USA.

C voz.Q5jflf

anicity.

It thbocic. in-of

npletcd

k&&c

ksinj 9 sep

`ta Sdriflnani Gray. Hahsl, LsisSiUi, %1wky 423

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