Coffin landsat8 data in social values for ecosytem services

Alisa W. Coffin, Ph.D.

Land Systems Research Consultants

Drezden Kinnaird

Colorado Mesa University

9/24/2014 Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES

intro

methods

results

discussion

questions


Motivation of research & problem statement

Gulf of Mexico Oil spill

Need for ES knowledge

Landsat 8: new “coastal band”

Study area

Research questions


2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill

call to action in USGS

support agencies and researchers working in Gulf of Mexico

USGS (Rocky Mt. Area) contacted colleagues Florida Sea Grant & UF

Offered research collaboration which was welcomed


Coastal Zone Complex interactions between land and

ocean processes

“Unique domain of gradient dependent ecosystems” (Crossland et al. 2005)

The most developed and populated areas globally

USA: In 2010, 69% of urban land <150 mi. from a coast

Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP) = Ecosystem-based approach to planning and

management

Contemporary measurement of ecosystem services is incomplete Predominantly economic/ecological and

static

Lacks spatial quantification of social values 9/24/2014

Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES

Launched on Feb 11, 2013

Near-polar sun-synchronous 705 km circular orbit

16 day repeat cycle

30 m resolution

Continues the Landsat mission (1972 to present) of earth observation

Expect improved water quality monitoring in coastal regions due to new shorter wavelength blue band

How do different coastal users value ecosystem services in the study area?

Which environmental characteristics inform models of spatial patterns of social values in this coastal zone?

__________________________________________

Information about bathymetry is critical for understanding coastal processes. But, near shore bathymetry is difficult/expensive to obtain and is highly dynamic, resulting in out of date datasets.

Can Landsat 8, band 1, the “coastal band”, help fill in the gaps where detailed coastal data is missing?

How does the inclusion of Landsat 8 B1, compare to other coastal datasets?


Project plan

Survey

Social values

SolVES modelling tool

Adapting SolVES to a coastal system

Maxent

Models

Model evaluation using AUC


Phase 1: e-Delphi

Phase 2: Geospatial Online Survey

Phase 3: SolVES Modeling


Step 1: Value Allocation

“spend” $1000 over the 16 social values

Step 2: Value Mapping

Locate allocated values on a map of Greater

Sarasota Bay

Step 3: Resource Preference

Determine preferences for marine/coastal resource uses (e.g. Gulf of Mexico)


VALUE_ID VALUE_NAME VALUE_DESCRIPTION 1 Aesthetic Enjoyable scenery, sights, sounds, smells, etc. 2 Recreation Place for favorite/enjoyable outdoor recreation activities. 3 Cultural Place for passing down wisdom, knowledge, and traditions.

4 Spiritual Places of sacred, religious, unique, deep, and/or profound experience where reverence/respect for nature is felt.

5 Life Sustaining Provision of macro-environmental processes (i.e. climate regulation, hydrologic cycle, etc.) that support life, human and non-human.

6 Learning Place of educational value through scientific exploration, observation, discovery, and experimentation.

7 Biodiversity Provision of a variety and abundance of fish, wildlife, and plant life.

8 Wilderness Place of minimal human impact and/or intrusion into natural environment.

9 Subsistence Provision of basic human needs, emphasis on reliable, regular food/protein source from seafood.

10 Historic Place of natural and human history that matter to individuals, communities, societies, and nations.

11 Identity Places that engender a sense of place, community, and belonging; represent a distinctive “culture of the sea”.

12 Future Allowance for future generation to know and experience healthy, productive, and sustainable coastal ecosystems.

13 Therapuetic Place that enhances feelings of well-being (e.g. “an escape”, “stress relief”, “comfort and calm”).

14 Economic Provision of fishery (commercial/recreational), minerals, and tourism industry that support livelihoods.

15 Intrinsic Right to exist regardless of presence; value based on existence (being rather than place).

16 Access Places of common property free from access restrictions or exclusive ownership/control.

SolVES 2.1 tool with ArcGIS 10.x

Value Mapping Model

Derives a 10-point “Value Index” from value allocations and mapped points collected as part of a social survey.

Maxent

Models relationships between mapped Value Index and underlying environmental variables.

Generates social value maps for specified stakeholder groups.


Terrestrial base layers Coastal base layers

Elevation (DEM) 1. DEM (T-DEM) 2. Bathymetry (BATHYM)

Distance to roads Distance to roads + navigation channels (D2TRANS)

Distance to water 4. Distance to shore (D2S)

Land cover 5. Landsat-8, Band 1 (LS-B1) Land cover Benthic habitat

Landform Landform/coastal form

Slope Slope

Other Distance to features (e.g. coral reefs ,D2REEF)


Maxent: application used with species presence data to create probability surfaces of species distribution

Uses presence only data

Logistic modelling

Outputs include Maps

Statistics


ENVIRONMENTAL LAYER

MODEL ID

T-DEM BATHYM LS-B1 D2S

1 X

2 X

3 X

4 X

5 (C-DEM)

X X

6 X X

7 X X

8 X X

9 X X

10 X X

11 X X X

12 X X X

13 X X X

14 X X X

15 X X X X


Evaluation of models based on the area under the ROC curve: AUC

AUC = 1 perfect fit (no false positives)

AUC = .5 null model random selection w/ uniform distribution

AUC = .8 generally considered a good fit

For more info on Maxent, AUC, etc. Phillips et al. 2006


Landsat 8 – band 1

Survey results Values

Uses

AUC values

Graphs

Maps


Geospatial Online Survey

(Cole, 2012)

500 responses logged into online survey

285 completed surveys (n=285)

Male 48%, Female 50%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

18-19 20-24 25-34 35-49 50-64 65 &over

Age Categories

Age Comparison

Survey Counties Florida National

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Educational Attainment

Survey National 9/24/2014 Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES

45 uses High degree of consensus on non-

consumptive uses Only 20 had more than 20% both

favoring and opposing 7 were highly contentious (these uses

were both opposed and supported by more than 25% of respondents): Agriculture Offshore aquaculture Land based aquaculture Commercial fishing Transportation infrastructure Private dock development Desalinization

16 social values 3 consistently ranked most popular:

Recreation Aesthetic Biodiversity



MODEL MODEL MODEL MODEL MODEL 1 2 3 4 5

USE PREFERENCE

SOCIAL VALUE T-DEM BATHYM LS-B1 D2S

C-DEM (BATHYM + T-DEM)

Agriculture Favor Aesthetic 0.776 0.8372 0.7787 0.8809 0.8901 Recreation 0.783 0.8001 0.7567 0.838 0.8757 Biodiversity 0.5662 0.8518 0.743 0.8702 0.9141

Oppose Aesthetic 0.684 0.6532 0.5457 0.7121 0.7317 Recreation 0.6778 0.8501 0.8851 0.8644 0.9135

Biodiversity 0.6088 0.8377 0.8062 0.8501 0.8917 Aquaculture_Offshore Favor Aesthetic 0.7031 0.8663 0.7553 0.8895 0.9359

Recreation 0.696 0.7932 0.7619 0.8471 0.8698 Biodiversity 0.5682 0.8525 0.8691 0.8886 0.9269


Biodiversity 0.667 0.8506 0.7216 0.8973 0.9007 Aquaculture_Landbased Favor Aesthetic 0.6935 0.8155 0.8207 0.8502 0.8772

Recreation 0.675 0.7921 0.7302 0.8378 0.8091 Biodiversity 0.5708 0.9064 0.7701 0.9518 0.946


Biodiversity 0.5813 0.811 0.677 0.8843 0.9044


0

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T-DEM BATHYM LS-B1 D2S Full (C-DEM, LS-B1 + D2S)

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LS-B1 T-DEM + LS-B1 BATHYM + LS-B1 LS-B1 + D2S C-DEM + LS-B1 BATHYM + LS-B1 +D2S

T-DEM + LS-B1 +D2S

Full (C-DEM, LS-B1+ D2S)

3 6 8 10 11 12 13 15

Test

AU

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Model

Environmental data layers

Spatial distribution of values


Distance to shore and bathymetry, on their own, provide best models.

Many uses and environmental characteristics are correlated with distance to shore, so this is also a critical piece of information for modeling coastal systems.

Terrestrial elevation models, while not useless, provide less information than the Landsat, Band 1 data.

Inclusion of a coastal DEM (combined terrestrial elevation and bathymetric data) provides for better fitting models.

Landsat 8 – Band 1 does not contribute a lot of unique information across a broad terrestrial to deep aquatic spectrum, BUT in provides important information for near shore environments that is not captured by distance to shore or in bathymetric data.


Bathymetry

Landsat 8 – Band 1


Ben Sherrouse, U.S. Geological Survey

Bob Swett, Florida Sea Grant

Zachary Cole, University of North Carolina

Gigi Richard, Colorado Mesa University


Coffin landsat8 data in social values for ecosytem services

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