Coercive/Moral Control Reforms

• Coercive dynamic of Progressivism• Juvenile courts

– Illinois 1st – 1899– 1920 – all major cities

• Narcotics– 1900 – estimated 250,000 Americans addicted to either

morphine, cocaine, or opium– Morphine/Heroin – pain killer– Cocaine – hay fever, cure-all, sinus problems– Opium – gastrointestinal symptoms, ease infant crying

– Drugs associated with certain groups (like Alcohol)• Cocaine – Blacks in South• Opium – Chinese on West Coast

– Philippines– Shanghai – 1909– The Hague – 1911, 1912– Harrison Narcotics Control Act (Francis Burton Harrison) – 1914

• "in the course of his professional practice only" • Prohibition

– Prohibition Party - 1869– WCTU - 1873 – Frances Willard

• 1881 – Kansas outlaws alcoholic beverages– Southern states, counties follow

• ASL - 1895• 1916 – 21 states banned saloons• 1916 Election – issue ignored• 18th Amendment – ratified 1919

– Anti-Prostitution• Prostitution common in 18th century U.S. – Boston, N.Y.• 19th century – permeates American towns and cities• reasons

– low wages for women– no skill required– landlords more willing to rent to prostitutes

• Anti-Prostitution– immoral– spread of venereal diseases– No statutory definition of Prostitution until early 1900s

• vice-commissions• “white slavery”

• 1909 – Iowa first state to legalize the closing of buildings in which sex was being sold

• U.S. Congress – 1903 – importation of immigrant prostitutes made illegal, 1907 – deportation of immigrant prost. legalized

• 1910 – The Mann Act (Rep. James Mann of Chicago)– Illegal to transport women across states lines for “immoral

purposes”

– "any other immoral purpose" – by 1918 – about 2000 convictions

• WWI – Commission on Training Camp Activities