Code of Practice for Means of Access

8/3/2019 Code of Practice for Means of Access

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/code-of-practice-for-means-of-access 1/45



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JD_@SD_E

Jkr` }ijù{ kf i opknekfc k} eù`rbkfè o{ i fpbo`r dj jimudr} df` dj shkmh k} uh`

bìf} dj imm`}} ud ku ud `fion` jkr`jkchukfc w`r}dff`n ud `jj`mu r`}mp` ife jkchu jkr`&

_`ypkr`b`fu} jdr bìf} dj imm`}} ud opknekfc} ir` nike edsf kf r`cpniukdf} 59I. 59O. 59M

ife 59E dj uh` Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf} (O(W+_+&

O(W+_ 59E eìn} skuh uh` bìf} dj imm`}} jdr `b`rc`fm{ z`hkmn`} ud i opknekfc&

Ku r`ypkr`} `z`r{ opknekfc ud o` wrdzkeè skuh if `b`rc`fm{ z`hkmpnir imm`}} shkmh k} }d

e`}kcfè ife mdf}urpmuè i} ud innds }ij` ife pfdo}urpmuè imm`}} dj i z`hkmn` dj uh` Jkr`

]`rzkm`} E`wirub`fu ud uh` opknekfc ife ud wrdzke` jdr uh` }ij` dw`riukdf dj }pmh i z`hkmn`.

kf uh` `z`fu dj i jkr` dr duh`r `b`rc`fm{& O(W+_ 59E(?+ wrdzke`} uhiu uh` e`}kcf ife

mdf}urpmukdf dj if `b`rc`fm{ z`hkmpnir imm`}} }hinn o` kf immdreifm` skuh }pmh r`ypkr`b`fu}

i} bi{ o` }w`mkjkè o{ uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ jrdb ukb` ud ukb` hizkfc r`cire ud uh`

kfu`feè p}` dj uh` opknekfc& Wiru ZK dj uhk} Mde` dj Wrimukm` }w`mkjk`} }pmh r`ypkr`b`fu}&

O(W+_ 59I. 59O ife 59M eìn skuh uh` bìf} dj imm`}} ud kf}ke` dj uh` opknekfc&

Uh`{ wrdzke` uhiu `z`r{ opknekfc }hinn o` wrdzkeè skuh if ie`ypiu` fpbo`r dj imm`}}

}uikrmi}`}. jkr`bif‛} nkju} ife$dr jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{} hizkfc r`cire ud uh`

kfu`feè p}` dj uh` opknekfc. ku} h`kchu ife }kq`& Uh`}` }uikrmi}`}. nkju} dr }uikrsi{} }hinn o`

}d e`}kcfè ife mdf}urpmuè dr kf}uinnè i} ud innds jkr`b`f }ij` ife pfdo}urpmuè imm`}} ud

zirkdp} jnddr} dj uh` opknekfc kf uh` `z`fu dj i jkr`& Wiru KK ud Z dj uhk} Mde` dj Wrimukm`

wrdzke` cpkeifm` df mdbwnkifm` skuh uh`}` r`ypkr`b`fu}&

Uhk} Mde` k} k}}pè o{ uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ ife sknn o` r`zk`sè r`cpnirn{&

Uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ s`nmdb`} }pcc`}ukdf} jdr kbwrdzkfc uh` Mde`&



5

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Wiricriwh Wic`

Wiru K ” C@F@_IN W_DZK]KDF]

9& P}` dj uh` Mde` 9

?& Doa`mukz`} 9

=& Inu`rfiukz` Iwwrdimh ud Jkr` ]ijù{ 9

5& Kfu`rwrùiukdf} =

Wiru KK ” W_DZK]KDF] DJ IMM@]] ]UIK_MI]@. JK_@BIF‛]

NKJU] IFE JK_@JKCHUKFC IFE _@]MP@ ]UIK_SI[]

0& Fpbo`r dj Imm`}} ]uikrmi}`}. Jkr`bif‛} Nkju} ife Jkr`jkchukfc ife

_`}mp` ]uikrsi{} _`ypkrè

0

Wiru KKK ” IMM@]] ]UIK_MI]@

:& @}miw` ]uikrmi}` i} Imm`}} ]uikrmi}` 0

3& Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ i} @}miw` ]uikrmi}` 0

Wiru KZ ” JK_@BIF‛] NKJU

8& E`}kcfiukdf dj Jkr`bif‛} Nkju :

;& Imm`}} ud i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju iu Crdpfe N`z`n :

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0

97& Jnddr} ]`rzè o{ i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju 3

99& Nkjus`nn dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju 8

9?& Nkju Mir dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju 8

9=& Ndoo{ ud i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju 8

95& Eddr} dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju ;

90& Mdfurdn ife Dw`riukdf dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju ;

Wiru Z ” JK_@JKCHUKFC IFE _@]MP@ ]UIK_SI[

9:& Imm`}} ud i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ iu Crdpfe N`z`n 97

93& Jnddr} ]`rzè o{ i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ 99

98& Imm`}} ud i Jnddr jrdb i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ 9?

9;& Wrdu`mukdf dj i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ 95

?7& Mdf}urpmukdf dj Imm`}} ]uikrmi}` kf i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp`

]uikrsi{

90

?9& Z`fukniukdf dj Imm`}} ]uikrmi}` kf i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ 90

??& Jkr`bif‛} Nkju} kf i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ 9:

?=& B`mhifkmin Z`fukniukdf dj i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ 9:

Wiru ZK ” W_DZK]KDF DJ @B@_C@FM[ Z@HKMPNI_ IMM@]]

?5& @b`rc`fm{ Z`hkmpnir Imm`}} ud Zkrckf ]ku`} 9:

?0& @b`rc`fm{ Z`hkmpnir Imm`}} ud _è`z`ndwb`fu ]ku`} 98

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?:& @b`rc`fm{ Z`hkmpnir Imm`}} ]kcf} 9;

?3& @x`bwukdf ife Bdekjkmiukdf ?7

?8& @fhifmè Jkr` ]ijù{ Bì}pr`} ?9

Iff`x I ?=

Uion` 9 ?0"?:

Ekicrib} 9 ud 9? ?3"=;

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Wiru K " C@F@_IN W_DZK]KDF]

9& P}` dj uh` Mde`

9&9 Ipuhdrk}è w`r}df}. r`ck}u`rè }urpmuprin `fckf``r} ife duh`r w`r}df} r`}wdf}kon` jdr uh` e`}kcf dj opknekfc} bi{ jkfe uhk} Mde` p}`jpn kf `}uionk}hkfc uh` r`ypkr`b`fu} dj

uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ jdr ie`ypiu` imm`}} ud opknekfc} jdr uh` wprwd}` dj r`}mp` ife

jkr`jkchukfc&

9&? Ieh`r`fm` ud uh` wrdzk}kdf} mdfuikfè kf uhk} Mde` bi{ o` uil`f ud bìf mdbwnkifm`

skuh uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{‛} r`ypkr`b`fu}& E`wirupr` jrdb uh`}` wrdzk}kdf} sknn

f`m`}}kuiu` if inu`rfiukz` iwwrdimh ud o` iedwuè ife wrdzè ud uh` }iuk}jimukdf dj uh`

Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ i} ud mdbwnkifm` skuh hk} r`ypkr`b`fu}&

?& Doa`mukz`}

?&9 Uhk} Mde` }``l} ud imhk`z` uh` doa`mukz` dj i}}k}ukfc kf jkr`jkchukfc ife kf }izkfc nkj`

dj w`dwn` kf opknekfc} o{ `f}prkfc ie`ypiu` imm`}} jdr jkr`jkchukfc w`r}dff`n kf uh`

`z`fu dj jkr` ife duh`r `b`rc`fmk`}&

?&? Duh`r jkr`"}ijù{ doa`mukz`}. jdr `xibwn`. wr`z`fukfc uh` dpuorìl dj jkr`. nkbkukfc uh`

}wrìe dj jkr`. ioiukfc jkr` hiqire}. jkr` }pwwr`}}kdf. wr`z`fukdf dj nd}} dj wrdw`ru{.

wrdzkekfc bìf} dj `}miw`. ife `f}prkfc jkr` r`}k}ukfc mdf}urpmukdf ife }urpmuprin

kfu`crku{ dj opknekfc} ir` fdu eìnu skuh kf uhk} Mde`&

=& Inu`rfiukz` Iwwrdimh ud Jkr` ]ijù{

=&9 Uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ r`mdcfkq`} uhiu jkr` }ijù{ bi{ o` iwwrdimhè kf i fpbo`r dj

si{} uh` o`}u dj shkmh k} fdu f`m`}}irkn{ wr`}mrkwukz`& Uhk} k} wirukmpnirn{ w`rukf`fu

ud opknekfc} dj }w`mkin hiqire} shkmh. o`mip}` dj uh`kr }kq`. h`kchu. p}`. e`}kcf.

mdf}urpmukdf dr ndmiukdf. bi{ f`m`}}kuiu` }w`mkin mdf}ke`riukdf dj uh` jkr`"}ijù{

doa`mukz`} ife uh` }uifeire} ud o` }ù&

=&? Uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ i}}`}}`} uh` imm`wuioknku{ dj if{ inu`rfiukz` dr

mdbwn`b`fuir{ iwwrdimh ud jkr` }ijù{ kf i opknekfc o{ r`j`r`fm` ud }pmh mrku`rki i}

uh` bìf} dj `}miw`. uh` bìf} dj imm`}}. uh` jkr` }`rzkm`} kf}uinniukdf}. uh` jkr`r`}k}ukfc mdf}urpmukdf. uh` }kq`. uh` h`kchu. uh` p}`. uh` ndmiukdf. ife uh` bific`b`fu



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dj uh` opknekfc& I} if inu`rfiukz` ud r`n{kfc df uh` wr`}mrkwukz` wrdzk}kdf} dj uh`

Opknekfc} Drekfifm`. uh` _`cpniukdf} bie` uh`r`pfe`r ife mde`} dj wrimukm`}. uh`

Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ imm`wu} i jkr`"}ijù{ `fckf``rkfc iwwrdimh uhiu uil`} kfud immdpfu

uh`}` mrku`rki ife iu uh` }ib` ukb`. iwwnk`} }mk`fukjkm ife `fckf``rkfc wrkfmkwn`} ud uh` wrdu`mukdf dj w`dwn` ife wrdw`ru{ jrdb jkr`& Uhk} iwwrdimh bi{ o` uh` dfn{ zkion`

si{ ud imhk`z` i }iuk}jimudr{ }uifeire dj jkr` }ijù{ kf }db` nirc` ife mdbwn`x

opknekfc}&

=&= Jimudr} uhiu }hdpne o` uil`f kfud immdpfu kfmnpe` 1

" uh` ifukmkwiuè rk}l dj i jkr` dmmprrkfc kf i opknekfc<

" uh` ifukmkwiuè jkr` }`z`rku{<

" uh` ioknku{ dj i }urpmupr` ud r`}k}u uh` }wrìe dj jkr` ife }bdl`< ife

" uh` mdf}`yp`fukin eifc`r ud w`dwn` kf ife irdpfe uh` opknekfc&

=&5 I ske` zirkù{ dj bì}pr`} mdpne o` mdf}ke`rè ife iedwuè ud i crìu`r dr n`}}`r

`xu`fu. i} iwwrdwrkiu` kf uh` mkrmpb}uifm`}& Uh`}` kfmnpe` 1

" uh` ie`ypim{ dj bìf} ud wr`z`fu jkr`<

" ìrn{ jkr` sirfkfc o{ if ipudbiukm eù`mukdf ife sirfkfc }{}u`b<

" uh` }uifeire dj bìf} dj `}miw`<

" wrdzk}kdf dj }bdl` mdfurdn<

" mdfurdn dj uh` riu` dj crdsuh dj i jkr`<

" uh` ie`ypim{ dj uh` }urpmupr` ud r`}k}u uh` `jj`mu} dj i jkr`<

" uh` e`cr`` dj jkr` mdfuikfb`fu<

" jkr` }`wiriukdf oùs``f opknekfc} dr wiru} dj opknekfc}<

" uh` }uifeire dj imukz` bì}pr`} jdr jkr` `xukfcpk}hb`fu dr mdfurdn<



=

" jimknkuk`} ud i}}k}u uh` jkr` }`rzkm`<

" uh` `jj`mukz`f`}} dj wrdw`ru{ bific`b`fu ud bkfkbk}` uh` crdsuh ife }wrìe dj

jkr`<

" uh` iziknioknku{ dj w`r}dff`n urikfè kf jkr` }ijù{ ife jkr` rdpukf`}< ife

" uh` iziknioknku{ dj if{ mdfukfpkfc mdfurdn uhiu mdpne `f}pr` mdfukfpè bikfu`fifm`

dj }pmh }{}u`b}&

=&0 Ku k} wd}}kon` ud p}` ypifukuiukz` u`mhfkyp`} ud `zinpiu` rk}l ife hiqire& ]db`

jimudr} kf uh` bì}pr`} nk}uè iodz` mif o` ckz`f fpb`rkmin zinp`} kf }db`

mkrmpb}uifm`}& Uh` i}}pbwukdf} bie` sh`f ypifukuiukz` bùhde} ir` p}è f`è

mir`jpn i}}`}}b`fu&

5& Kfu`rwrùiukdf}

5&9 Kf uhk} Mde`. pfn`}} duh`rsk}` }uiuè. sdre} ife `xwr`}}kdf hiz` uh` bìfkfc

iuurkopuè ud uh`b o{ uh` Opknekfc} Drekfifm`. uh` Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf}.

uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Jkr` _`}k}ukfc Mdf}urpmukdf ife uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr

Bìf} dj @}miw`&

5&? Jdr ì}` dj r`j`r`fm`. uh` r`n`zifu e`jkfkukdf} ir` r`wrdepmè o`nds 1

„imm`}} }uikrmi}`‒ bìf} i }uikrmi}` }d e`}kcfè ife mdf}urpmuè i} ud innds jkr`b`f

}ij` ife pfdo}urpmuè imm`}} ud inn jnddr} dj i opknekfc kf uh` `z`fu dj i jkr`<

„oi}`b`fu‒ bìf} if{ }udr`{ dj i opknekfc o`nds uh` crdpfe }udr`{ ife jrdb shkmh

if{ `xku rdpu` r`ypkrè o{ dr pfe`r uh` Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf} k} kf ifpwsire ekr`mukdf<

„mpokmin `xu`fu‒ bìf} uh` }wim` mdfuikfè skuhkf uh` `xu`rfin }prjim`} dj uh` sinn}

ife rddj dj i opknekfc ife uh` pww`r }prjim` dj uh` jnddr dj ku} nds`}u }udr`{.

`xmnpekfc if{ }wim` skuhkf if{ `fmnd}pr` df uh` rddj p}è `xmnp}kz`n{ jdr

immdbbdeiukfc i siu`r uifl dr nkju cìr dr if{ duh`r }`rzkm`}. ife. kj if{ }ke` dj uh`

opknekfc k} fdu `fmnd}è o{ i sinn. uhiu }ke` }hinn o` e``bè ud o` `fmnd}è o{ i sinn

`xu`fekfc edsfsire} jrdb uh` dpu`r èc` dj uh` rddj<



5

„`n`b`fu dj mdf}urpmukdf‒ bìf} 1

(i+ if{ jnddr. oìb. mdnpbf dr hifc`r<

(o+ if{ ndie"oìrkfc sinn dr ndie"oìrkfc b`bo`r duh`r uhif i b`bo`r jdrbkfc uh`

rddj dr wiru dj uh` rddj<

„`b`rc`fm{ z`hkmpnir imm`}}‒. kf r`niukdf ud i opknekfc. bìf} i z`hkmpnir imm`}}

p}è dr ud o` p}è jdr imm`}} dj i z`hkmn` dj uh` Jkr` ]`rzkm`} E`wirub`fu ud uh`

opknekfc kf uh` `z`fu dj i jkr` dr duh`r `b`rc`fm{<

„jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{‒ bìf} i }uikrsi{ immdbbdeiukfc if imm`}}

}uikrmi}` ife i jkr`bif‛} nkju<

„jkr`bif‛} nkju‒ bìf} i nkju e`}kcfè ife kf}uinnè ud o` p}è o{ jkr`b`f kf uh` `z`fu

dj i jkr`<

„J_W‒ bìf} uh` w`rkde jdr shkmh if{ `n`b`fu dj mdf}urpmukdf. sinn. jkxè nkchu.

eddr. jkr` }hpuu`r dr duh`r opknekfc mdbwdf`fu} k} miwion` dj r`}k}ukfc uh` imukdf dj

jkr` sh`f u`}uè kf immdreifm` skuh O] 53: 1 Wiru} ?7 ud ?5 1 9;83 dr i} }w`mkjkè kf

uh` }mhèpn` ud uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Jkr` _`}k}ukfc Mdf}urpmukdf<

„crdpfe }udr`{‒ bìf} uh` }udr`{ kf shkmh k} }kupiuè if `furifm` jrdb i }ur`ù ud i

opknekfc ife. sh`r` i opknekfc jrdfu} dr iopu} df bdr` uhif df` }ur`ù ife ep` ud

ekjj`r`fm` kf }ur`ù n`z`n} uh`r` ir` ? dr bdr` `furifm`} }`rzkfc ekjj`r`fu }ur`ù} ife

}kupiuè kf ekjj`r`fu }udr`{}. bìf} ìmh }pmh }udr`{<

„r`jpc` jnddr‒ bìf} i wrdu`muè jnddr uhiu }`rz`} i} i r`jpc` jdr uh` dmmpwifu} dj uh`

opknekfc ud i}}`bon` kf mi}` dj i jkr`<

„r`ypkrè }uikrmi}`‒ bìf} if imm`}} }uikrmi}`. shùh`r kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp`

}uikrsi{ dr fdu. dr i }uikrmi}` r`ypkrè jdr bìf} dj `}miw` kf mi}` dj i jkr`&



:

Wiru KZ ” JK_@BIF‛] NKJU

8& E`}kcfiukdf dj Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

8&9 Sh`r` bdr` uhif df` nkju k} kf}uinnè kf i opknekfc r`ypkrè ud hiz` i jkr`bif‛} nkju.

uh` nkju shkmh k} ud o` uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju }hdpne o` uhiu e`}kcfiuè o{ uh` Ekr`mudr dj

Jkr` ]`rzkm`}&

8&? I nkju bikfn{ kfu`feè jdr uh` urif}wdru dj cdde} kf i opknekfc. kf shkmh if kfep}urkin

pfe`ruilkfc k} o`kfc. dr k} kfu`feè ud o` mirrkè df dr shkmh k} p}è. dr k} kfu`feè ud

o` p}è jdr opnl }udric` dr i} i sir`hdp}` }hdpne fdu o` e`}kcfiuè i} i jkr`bif‛}

nkju&

;& Imm`}} ud i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju iu Crdpfe N`z`n

;&9 Imm`}} ud i jkr`bif‛} nkju („jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu‒+ }hdpne o` iziknion` iu crdpfe

n`z`n kf uh` w`rkbù`r dj uh` opknekfc `kuh`r ekr`mun{ jrdb i }ur`ù shkmh k} imm`}}kon`

o{ jkr` }`rzkm` iwwnkifm`} dr uhdpch if dw`f irì hizkfc i bkfkbpb ekb`f}kdf dj

9&0b ife hizkfc imm`}} jr`` jrdb if{ w`rbif`fu do}urpmukdf ud }pmh i }ur`ù& ]pmh

imm`}} }hdpne fdu o` mnd}è skuh eddr} dr ciu`} pfn`}} uh`{ ir` miwion` dj o`kfc

rìekn{ dw`fè jrdb uh` kf}ke` skuhdpu uh` p}` dj i l`{&

;&? I jkr`bif‛} nkju bi{ o` }ù oiml jrdb uh` jkr` }̀ rzkm` i}}`}} wdkfu iu crdpfe n`z`n kf

uh` w`rkbù`r dj uh` opknekfc wrdzkeè uhiu uh` hdrkqdfuin ek}uifm` jrdb uh` jkr`

}`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu ud uh` eddr} dj uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju k} fdu bdr` uhif 98b& Kf mi}`}

sh`r` uh` wh{}kmin mhirimu`rk}ukm} ife mdf}urikfu} dj i }ku` r`fe`r ku e`}krion`. uh`

Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ bi{ innds i ndfc`r hdrkqdfuin ek}uifm` wrdzkeè uhiu jkr` }ijù{

}uifeire} ir` fdu iez`r}`n{ ijj`muè&

;&= Uh` wi}}ic` jrdb uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu ud uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju }hdpne1

(i+ hiz` i mnìr skeuh dj fdu n`}} uhif 9077 bb ife i mnìr h`kchu dj fdu n`}} uhif

?777 bb<

(o+ o` }`wiriuè jrdb uh` r`bikfe`r dj uh` crdpfe }udr`{ o{ sinn} hizkfc if J_W

fdu n`}} uhif uhiu r`ypkrè jdr uh` `n`b`fu} dj mdf}urpmukdf kf uh` crdpfe

}udr`{& If{ dw`fkfc kf uh`}` sinn} jdr mdbbpfkmiukdf skuh uh` crdpfe}udr`{ }hdpne o` uhrdpch i wrdu`muè ndoo{ skuh sinn} hizkfc if J_W dj fdu



3

n`}} uhif uhiu dj uh` sinn dj uh` wi}}ic` ife eddr} hizkfc if J_W dj fdu n`}}

uhif hinj uhiu dj uh` sinn ife mdbwn{kfc skuh uh` }ib` r`ypkr`b`fu} jdr jkr`

r`}k}ukfc eddr} }w`mkjkè kf uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Jkr` _`}k}ukfc

Mdf}urpmukdf&

;&5 I fdukm` kf uh` jdnndskfc jdrb kfekmiukfc uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu }hdpne o`

ek}wni{è iu i mdf}wkmpdp} wd}kukdf dpu}ke` uh` opknekfc fìr uh` wdkfu1

Uh` h`kchu dj uh` nùu`r} df uh` fdukm` }hdpne o` fdu n`}} uhif ?7 bb& ]pmh fdukm`

}hdpne o` `kuh`r knnpbkfiuè o{ usd }`wiriu` }{}u`b} dj `n`murkm nkchu dr i u{w` dj

}ijù{ }kcf shkmh k} }`nj"`f`rckqè kf r`}w`mu dj npbkfd}ku{ ife shkmh r`ypkr`} fd

`xu`rfin }dprm` dj wds`r&

97& Jnddr} ]`rzè o{ i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

97&9 Jkr`bif‛} nkju} }hdpne o` wrdzkeè ud `fion` jkr`b`f ud rìmh if{ jnddr uhiu bi{ o`

df jkr` kf uh` opknekfc skuhdpu hizkfc ud uriz`r}` bdr` uhif usd jnddr} ife }hdpne o`

irrifcè kf }pmh i si{ uhiu1

(i+ kf uh` mi}` dj i }kfcn` jkr`bif‛} nkju. ku }`rz`} iu nì}u uh` inu`rfiu` jnddr}<

(o+ kf uh` mi}` dj bpnukwn` jkr`bif‛} nkju} skuhkf i mdbbdf nkju }hiju. uh` nkju} bi{

}`rz` ekjj`r`fu qdf`} dj uh` opknekfc wrdzkeè uhiu uh` qdf`} ud o` }`rzè ir`mnìrn{ kfekmiuè<

(m+ kf inn mi}`}. }poa`mu ud wiri& 97&9(e+. uh` wiuu`rf dj }`rzkm` }hdpne o` pfkjdrb

ife r`cpnir. k&`& i nkju }`rz`} `kuh`r uh` dee jnddr}. `z`f jnddr} dr inn jnddr}< ife

(e+ sh`r` r`jpc` jnddr} ir` wrdzkeè. `z`r{ }pmh r`jpc` jnddr }hdpne o` }`rzè o{

iu nì}u df` jkr`bif‛} nkju& Uh` nkju eddr} dw`fkfc dfud uh` r`jpc` jnddr}

}hdpne o` ndmlè eprkfc fdrbin dw`riukdf opu uh` ndmlkfc e`zkm` }hdpne oìpudbiukminn{ r`nì}è df imupiukdf dj uh` jkr`bif‛} }skumh&

Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

消阿千陂橔



8

97&? Sh`r` uh` wiuu`rf dj }`rzkm` iedwuè jdr i jkr`bif‛} nkju k} }pmh uhiu uh` udw jnddr k} ud

o` }`rzè. uh` udw jnddr }hdpne o` }`rzè pfn`}} uh` nkju bimhkf` rddb hi} ud o`

ndmiuè iu uh` udw jnddr ep` ud }uiupudr{ h`kchu r`}urkmukdf}&

97&= Uh` nds`}u nifekfc dj i jkr`bif‛} nkju }`rzkfc uh` }udr`{} iodz` crdpfe n`z`n dr uh`

udwbd}u nifekfc dj i jkr`bif‛} nkju }`rzkfc uh` oi}`b`fu. i} uh` mi}` bi{ o`. }hdpne

o` }kupiuè iu uh` n`z`n dj uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu r`j`rrè ud kf wiricriwh ;& Kj

uhk} k} fdu wd}}kon` ep` ud }ku` mdf}urikfu} dr duh`r }w`mkin rì}df} imm`wuion` ud uh`

Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{. }pmh nifekfc bi{ o` }kupiuè fdu bdr` uhif df` jnddr iodz` dr

o`nds uh` n`z`n dj uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu&

97&5 Fd wiru dj uh` jnddr }`rzè o{ i jkr`bif‛} nkju }hdpne o` bdr` uhif :7 b jrdb uh`

eddr dj uh` nkju ndoo{ bì}prè indfc imupin wi}}ic`}& Kj uh` kfu`rfin ni{dpu k} fdu

lfdsf iu uh` e`}kcf }uic` dr k} fdu }hdsf df wnif. i ekr`mu nkf` bì}pr`b`fu dj 57 b

bi{ o` p}è jdr e`}kcf wprwd}`}. wrdzkeè uhiu uh` ni{dpu dj uh` jnddr sh`f dmmpwkè

}iuk}jk`} uh` :7 b r`ypkr`b`fu&

99& Nkjus`nn dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

99&9 ]`wiriu` nkjus`nn }hdpne o` wrdzkeè jdr ìmh jkr`bif‛} nkju ife pw ud uhr`` jkr`bif‛}

nkju} bi{ }hir` uh` }ib` nkjus`nn&

99&? I fdukm` }hdpne o` ek}wni{è dpu}ke` uh` nkjus`nn kfekmiukfc uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju o{ uh`

sdre} ‘JK_@BIF‛] NKJU‛ ife „(消阿千陂橔+‒ kf @fcnk}h ife Mhkf`}` ife uh`

jnddr} }`rzè& Uh` h`kchu dj uh` nùu`r} ife mhirimu`r} df uh` fdukm` }hdpne o` fdu

n`}} uhif 90 bb&

9?& Nkju Mir dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

Uh` mir dj i jkr`bif‛} nkju }hdpne hiz` i bkfkbpb kfu`rfin ekb`f}kdf dj 9&9 b. i fù

kfu`rfin jnddr irì dj fdu n`}} uhif 9&=0 b? ife i riuè ndie dj fdu n`}} uhif :87 lc&

9=& Ndoo{ ud i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

9=&9 @imh wdkfu dj ek}mhirc` jrdb i jkr`bif‛} nkju ud uh` jnddr }`rzè. `xm`wu iu uh` jkr`

}`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu r`j`rrè ud kf wiricriwh ;. }hdpne o` uhrdpch i ndoo{ hizkfc ijnddr irì dj fdu n`}} uhif ?&?0 b? ife i bkfkbpb ekb`f}kdf dj 9&0 b& Uh` ndoo{



;

}hdpne o` }`wiriuè jrdb uh` jnddr }`rzè o{ sinn} hizkfc if J_W dj fdu n`}} uhif

uhiu r`ypkrè jdr uh` `n`b`fu} dj mdf}urpmukdf kf uhiu jnddr. }poa`mu ud i bixkbpb dj ?

hdpr}. ife eddr} hizkfc if J_W dj fdu n`}} uhif hinj uhiu dj uh` sinn ife mdbwn{kfc

skuh uh` }ib` r`ypkr`b`fu} jdr jkr` r`}k}ukfc eddr} }w`mkjkè kf uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm`jdr Jkr` _`}k}ukfc Mdf}urpmukdf&

9=&? Dw`fkfc} jdr nkchukfc ife$dr z`fukniukdf bi{ o` bie` kf if `xu`rfin sinn `fmnd}kfc

uh` ndoo{ wrdzkeè uhiu uh` }ib` r`ypkr`b`fu} i} }w`mkjkè kf uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr

Jkr` _`}k}ukfc Mdf}urpmukdf jdr dw`fkfc} kf uh` `xu`rfin sinn dj i ndoo{ ud i r`ypkrè

}uikrmi}` ir` mdbwnkè skuh&

9=&= Sh`r` dfn{ df` dr }db` dj uh` nkju} kf i oifl dj nkju} ir` jkr`bif‛} nkju}. uh`{ bi{

}hir` i mdbbdf nkju ndoo{. wrdzkeè uhiu }pmh ndoo{ k} wrdzkeè df `z`r{ jnddr }`rzè

o{ if{ dj uh`}` nkju}&

9=&5 @z`r{ ndoo{ ud i jkr`bif‛} nkju }hdpne hiz` imm`}}. skuhdpu if{ do}urpmukdf ife

ndmlion` eddr. ud if `xku rdpu`&

95& Eddr} dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

Uh` eddr dw`fkfc dj i jkr`bif‛} nkju }hdpne fdu o` n`}} uhif 877 bb ske` ife ?777

bb hkch& Uh` eddr} }hdpne o` jkuuè skuh wds`r dw`riuè ipudbiukm }`nj"mnd}kfc

e`zkm`&

90& Mdfurdn ife Dw`riukdf dj i Jkr`bif‛} Nkju

I jkr`bif‛} nkju }hdpne o` e`}kcfè ife kf}uinnè kf immdreifm` skuh uh` }w`mkin

mdfurdn. dw`riukdfin. `n`murkmin ife b`mhifkmin r`ypkr`b`fu} jdr jkr`bif‛} nkju}

}w`mkjkè kf uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` df uh` E`}kcf ife Mdf}urpmukdf dj Nkju} ife@}miniudr} wponk}hè o{ uh` Ekr`mudr dj @n`murkmin ife B`mhifkmin ]`rzkm`}&



97

Wiru Z ” JK_@JKCHUKFC IFE _@]MP@ ]UIK_SI[

9:& Imm`}} ud i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{ iu Crdpfe N`z`n

9:&9 Imm`}} ud i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ („jkr` }̀ rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu‒+ }hdpne o`

iziknion` iu crdpfe n`z`n kf uh` w`rkbù`r dj uh` opknekfc `kuh`r ekr`mun{ jrdb i }ur`ù

shkmh k} imm`}}kon` o{ jkr` }`rzkm` iwwnkifm`} dr uhrdpch if dw`f irì hizkfc i

bkfkbpb ekb`f}kdf dj 9&0 b ife hizkfc imm`}} jr`` jrdb if{ w`rbif`fu do}urpmukdf

ud }pmh i }ur`ù& ]pmh imm`}} }hdpne fdu o` mnd}è skuh eddr} dr ciu`} pfn`}} uh`{

ir` miwion` dj o`kfc rìekn{ dw`fè skuhdpu uh` p}` dj i l`{&

9:&? I jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ bi{ o` }ù oiml jrdb uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu

iu crdpfe n`z`n kf uh` w`rkbù`r dj uh` opknekfc wrdzkeè uhiu uh` hdrkqdfuin ek}uifm`

oùs``f uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu ife uh` eddr} dj uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju dr uh` jkr}u

}u`w dj uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}` kf uh` }uikrsi{ k} fdu bdr` uhif 98 b& Kf mi}`} sh`r` uh`

wh{}kmin mhirimu`rk}ukm} ife mdf}urikfu} dj uh` }ku` r`fe`r ku e`}krion`. uh` Opknekfc

Ipuhdrku{ bi{ innds i ndfc`r hdrkqdfuin ek}uifm` wrdzkeè uhiu jkr` }ijù{ }uifeire}

ir` fdu iez`r}̀ n{ ijj`muè& Kf if{ mi}`. oduh uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju ife uh` imm`}}

}uikrmi}` kf uh` }uikrsi{ }hdpne o` imm`}}kon` jrdb uh` }ib` }ur`ù&

9:&= I jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ ife uh` wi}}ic` jrdb uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu

ud uh` }uikrsi{ }hdpne o` }`wiriuè jrdb uh` r`bikfe`r dj uh` crdpfe }udr`{

(kfmnpekfc i ndoo{ dr hinn ud mircd nkju}+ o{ sinn} hizkfc if J_W dj fdu n`}} uhif uhiu

r`ypkrè jdr uh` w`rkbù`r `fmnd}kfc sinn} dj uh` }uikrsi{& If{ dw`fkfc kf uh`}`

sinn} jdr mdbbpfkmiukdf skuh uh` crdpfe }udr`{ }hdpne o` uhrdpch i wrdu`muè ndoo{

skuh sinn} hizkfc if J_W dj fdu n`}} uhif uhiu r`ypkrè jdr uh` w`rkbù`r `fmnd}kfc

sinn} dj uh` }uikrsi{ ife eddr} hizkfc if J_W dj fdu n`}} uhif hinj uhiu dj uh` sinn

ife mdbwn{kfc skuh uh` }ib` r`ypkr`b`fu} jdr jkr` r`}k}ukfc eddr} }w`mkjkè kf uh`

Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Jkr` _`}k}ukfc Mdf}urpmukdf&

9:&5 Uh` wi}}ic` jrdb uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu ud uh` jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{

}hdpne hiz` i mnìr skeuh dj fdu n`}} uhif 9077 bb ife i mnìr h`kchu dj fdu n`}} uhif

?777 bb&

9:&0 I fdukm` kf uh` jdnndskfc jdrb kfekmiukfc uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu }hdpne o`

ek}wni{è iu i mdf}wkmpdp} wd}kukdf dpu}ke` uh` opknekfc fìr uh` wdkfu&



99

Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{

教揵樝梤

Uh` h`kchu dj uh` nùu`r} df uh` fdukm` }hdpne o` fdu n`}} uhif ?7 bb& ]pmh fdukm`

}hdpne o` `kuh`r knnpbkfiuè o{ usd }`wiriu` }{}u`b} dj `n`murkm nkchu dr i u{w` dj

}ijù{ }kcf shkmh k} }`nj"`f`rckqè kf r`}w`mu dj npbkfd}ku{ ife shkmh r`ypkr`} fd

`xu`rfin }dprm` dj wds`r&

93& Jnddr} ]`rzè o{ i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{

93&9 Oduh uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}` ife uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju kf jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{

}hdpne }`rz` `z`r{ jnddr. kfmnpekfc i r`jpc` jnddr. ife `z`r{ wiru dj uh` opknekfc&

Sh`f uh` rddj dj uh` opknekfc k} }`rzè o{ duh`r }uikrmi}`}. uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}` kf uh`

jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpne in}d }`rz` uh` rddj& Jdr uh` izdkeifm` dj

edpou. uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju k} fdu r`ypkrè ud }`rz` uh` rddj opu ku }hdpne }`rz` uh` udw

jnddr pfn`}} uh` nkju bimhkf` rddb hi} ud o` ndmiuè iu uh` udw jnddr ep` ud h`kchu

r`}urkmukdf&

93&? Sh`r` i opknekfc k} r`ypkrè ud hiz` i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{. irì} jdr

ifmknnir{ p}`} }pmh i} mir wirlkfc ife ndiekfc ife pfndiekfc kf uh` opknekfc. shùh`r

dmmpw{kfc uh` shdn` jnddr dr wiru dj i jnddr. }hinn in}d o` }`rzè o{ uh` jkr`jkchukfc

ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{&

93&= Uh` nds`}u nifekfc dj uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }`rzkfc

uh` }udr`{} iodz` crdpfe n`z`n dr uh` udwbd}u nifekfc dj uhiu }`rzkfc uh` oi}`b`fu. i}

uh` mi}` bi{ o`. }hdpne o` }kupiuè iu uh` n`z`n dj uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu

r`j`rrè ud kf wiricriwh 9:& Kj uhk} k} fdu wd}}kon` ep` ud }ku` mdf}urikfu dr duh`r

}w`mkin rì}df} imm`wuion` ud uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{. }pmh nifekfc bi{ o` }kupiuè

fdu bdr` uhif df` jnddr iodz` dr o`nds uh` n`z`n dj uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu&

93&5 @z`r{ imm`}} }uikrmi}` kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }`rzkfc uh` pww`r jnddr}

}hdpne fdu mdfukfp` ekr`mun{ ud }`rz` uh` oi}`b`fu jnddr}&

93&0 @z`r{ imm`}} }uikrmi}` kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ wi}}kfc uhrdpch i r`jpc`

jnddr }hdpne ek}mdfukfp` iu }pmh n`z`n }d uhiu uh` imm`}} rdpu` k} ekz`ruè ud wi}} dz`r



9=

(kz+ bi{ o` wrdzkeè skuh skfeds} shkmh }hdpne o` }ke` hpfc. dw`f

dpusire i bkfkbpb dj =7d. o` dw`fion` jrdb kf}ke` skuhdpu uh` p}` dj

i l`{ ife o` jkuuè skuh }kbwn` n`z`r hifen`} dr rduir{ erkz`} ud }kbwn`riml dr cìr dw`riuè e`zkm`}< ife

(e+ kf }udr`{} o`nds crdpfe n`z`n. o` wrdzkeè skuh fiuprin z`fukniukdf o{ "

(k+ pfdo}urpmuè }bdl` dpunù} hizkfc i mrd}}"}`mukdfin irì dj fdu n`}}

uhif 9 b? jdr ìmh ndoo{ ife z`fukniukfc kfud uh` dpu}ke` ikr iodz`

crdpfe n`z`n& Ndook`} iu oi}`b`fu n`z`n} }hdpne o` kfekzkepinn{

z`fukniuè o{ }`wiriu` }bdl` dpunù} wrdzkeè iu uh` m`knkfc dj uh`

ndoo{& ]pmh }bdl` dpunù} bi{ o` mdz`rè iu dr iodz` crdpfe n`z`n

skuh orìlion` mdz`r} ife }hdpne o` ndmiuè iu nì}u 0 b mnìr dj uh`

jkfin wdkfu dj ek}mhirc` dj if `xku rdpu` dr i jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu&

Uhk} ek}uifm` bi{ o` rèpmè ud fdu n`}} uhif ?&0 b kj. ife dfn{ kj. if{

}bdl` jrdb }pmh }bdl` dpunù} k} ekr`muè isi{ jrdb ife k} fdu nkl`n{

ud ijj`mu. o{ fiuprin mdfz`mukdf. if{ `xku rdpu` dr jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}}

wdkfu& Uh` }bdl` dpunù }hiju} }hdpne hiz` if J_W dr o` `fmnd}è o{

mdf}urpmukdf hizkfc if J_W fdu n`}} uhif uhiu dj uh` w`rkbù`r sinn} dj

uh` jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{& If pf`fmnd}è }bdl` dpunù }hiju

}hdpne o` miwion` dj r`}k}ukfc immke`fuin b`mhifkmin eibic` ife

}hdpne }iuk}j{ uh` hire ode{ kbwimu u`}u kf immdreifm` skuh O] 0::;<

dr

(kk+ dw`fkfc} mdbwn{kfc skuh wiricriwh 98&9(m+(k+. (kk+ ife (kz+ ife

z`fukniukfc kfud if dw`f s`nn hizkfc if irì dj fdu n`}} uhif 9 b? w`r 9

b h`kchu dj uh` sinn `fmnd}kfc uh` dw`f s`nn ife hizkfc i bkfkbpb

ekb`f}kdf dj 9&0 b<

wrdzkeè uhiu fiuprin z`fukniukdf ud uh` ndoo{ k} fdu r`ypkrè kj uh` imm`}}

}uikrmi}` ud shkmh uh` ndoo{ nìe} k} i }uikrmi}` shkmh k} dw`f df = }ke`} jdr i

h`kchu dj fdu n`}} uhif ;77 bb oùs``f uh` udw dj uh` oinp}urie` dr wiriwù

ife uh` pfe`r}ke` dj uh` jnkchu dj }uikr kbbèkiu`n{ iodz`. ife shkmh k} dw`f

ud i zdke hizkfc if irì dj fdu n`}} uhif 97 b? ife i bkfkbpb ekb`f}kdf dj 9

b ife o`kfc pfdo}urpmuè iodz` ud wrdzke` ie`ypiu` z`fukniukdf&



95

98&? @z`r{ jkr`bif‛} nkju kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpne dw`f kfud uh` ndoo{

wrdzkeè kf immdreifm` skuh wiricriwh 98&9&

98&= Uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}` ife uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpnemdbbpfkmiu` skuh ìmh duh`r iu `z`r{ jnddr }`rzè o{ uh` }uikrsi{&

9;& Wrdu`mukdf dj i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{

9;&9 @z`r{ jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpne o` `fmnd}è o{ sinn} ife uh`}` sinn}.

uh` nifekfc}. jnkchu}. oinp}urie`} ife wirukukdf sinn} kf uh` }uikrsi{ }hdpne o`

mdf}urpmuè shdnn{ dj fdf"mdbop}ukon` biu`rkin}& Fd jkfk}hkfc. kfmnpekfc sinn ife

m`knkfc nkfkfc ife jnddr jkfk}hkfc. kf uh` }uikrsi{ }hdpne o` mdbop}ukon`&

9;&? Uh` w`rkbù`r `fmnd}kfc sinn} uhiu }`wiriu` uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}`. uh` jkr`bif‛} nkju ife

uh` ndoo{ kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ jrdb uh` jnddr }`rzè o{ uh` }uikrsi{.

udcùh`r skuh if{ }pwwdrukfc }urpmupr` ife jnddr }nio} jdrbkfc uh` `fmnd}pr`} dj uh`

}uikrsi{. }hdpne hiz` if J_W uskm` uhiu r`ypkrè jdr uh` `n`b`fu} dj mdf}urpmukdf kf

uhiu jnddr. }poa`mu ud i bixkbpb dj 5 hdpr}&

9;&= Skuhkf uh` w`rkbù`r sinn} dj i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{. sinn} dr wirukukdf}

shkmh }`wiriu` uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}` ife uh` ndoo{ jrdb ìmh duh`r }hdpne hiz` if

J_W dj fdu n`}} uhif 9 hdpr&

9;&5 Uh` eddr} dj uh` ndoo{ ud i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpne "

(i+ hiz` if J_W dj fdu n`}} uhif 9 hdpr<

(o+ mdbwn{ skuh uh` }ib` r`ypkr`b`fu} jdr jkr` r`}k}ukfc eddr} }w`mkjkè kf uh`

Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Jkr` _`}k}ukfc Mdf}urpmukdf< ife

(m+ fdu o` jkuuè skuh if{ odnu}. ndml} dr duh`r ji}u`fkfc} `xm`wu uhiu. kj jdr

}`mprku{ rì}df}. uh` eddr oùs``f uh` ndoo{ ife uh` jnddr }`rzè bi{ o`

jkuuè skuh i ndml shkmh k} dw`fion` jrdb uh` jnddr }ke` skuhdpu uh` p}` dj i

l`{&

9;&0 Dw`fkfc} jdrbè kf uh` `xu`rfin sinn} dj i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ jdr uh`

wprwd}`} dj uhk} Mde` }hdpne in}d mdbwn{ skuh uh` r`n`zifu wrdzk}kdf} kf uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Jkr` _`}k}ukfc Mdf}urpmukdf ife kf fd mi}` }hdpne }pmh dw`fkfc} o`



90

jdrbè skuhkf 507 bb bì}prè hdrkqdfuinn{ jrdb if{ dw`fkfc kf uh` `xu`rfin sinn}

dj uh` }ib` opknekfc&

?7& Mdf}urpmukdf dj Imm`}} ]uikrmi}` kf i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{

@z`r{ imm`}} }uikrmi}` kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpne "

(i+ hiz` i mnìr skeuh dj fdu n`}} uhif 9707 bb ife i mnìr h`kchu dj fdu n`}} uhif

?777 bb<

(o+ o` irrifcè kf }urikchu jnkchu} skuhdpu skfe`r} ife ìmh jnkchu }hdpne mdf}k}u

dj fdu bdr` uhif 9: rk}`r} fdr n`}} uhif ? rk}`r}& Urìe} }hdpne o` fdu n`}} uhif

??0 bb ske`. bì}prè mnìr dj fd}kfc}. ife rk}`r} }hdpne o` fdu bdr` uhif

930 bb hkch<

(m+ o` wrdzkeè skuh nifekfc} iu uh` udw ife oduudb dj ìmh jnkchu skuh i

bkfkbpb ekb`f}kdf dj fdu n`}} uhif uh` skeuh dj uh` jnkchu ife fd eddr

}hdpne iu if{ wiru dj ku} }skfc rèpm` uh` `jj`mukz` skeuh dr `jj`mukz` riekp} dj

}pmh nifekfc}< ife

(e+ o` wrdzkeè skuh hiferikn} df ìmh }ke` dj uh` }uikrmi}` iu i h`kchu dj fdu n`}}

uhif 807 bb ife fdu bdr` uhif 9977 bb iodz` uh` }u`w} dr nifekfc}& Uh`

hiferikn} }hdpne fdu wrda`mu }d i} ud rèpm` uh` mnìr skeuh dj uh` }uikrmi}` o{

bdr` uhif ;7 bb jdr ìmh hiferikn ife }hdpne o` mdfukfpdp} uhrdpchdpu ìmh

jnkchu dj uh` }uikrmi}` opu f`è fdu o` mirrkè rdpfe i nifekfc dr hinj nifekfc&

?9& Z`fukniukdf dj Imm`}} ]uikrmi}` kf i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{

@z`r{ imm`}} }uikrmi}` kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpne o` wrdzkeè skuhfiuprin z`fukniukdf "

(i+ iu ìmh }udr`{ iodz` uh` crdpfe }udr`{. o{ dw`fkfc} kf uh` `xu`rfin `fmnd}pr`

sinn hizkfc i uduin irì dj fdu n`}} uhif 90 w`r m`fu dj uh` kfu`rfin irì df wnif

dj uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}`& ]pmh dw`fkfc} bi{ o` wrdzkeè skuh skfeds} shkmh

}hdpne o` }ke` hpfc. dw`f dpusire i bkfkbpb dj =7±. o` dw`fion` jrdb

kf}ke` skuhdpu uh` p}` dj i l`{ ife o` jkuuè skuh }kbwn` n`z`r hifen`} dr

rduir{ erkz`} ud }kbwn` riml dr cìr dw`riuè e`zkm`}< ife



9:

(o+ iu ku} hkch`}u wdkfu. o{ i z`fu miwion` dj o`kfc dw`fè bifpinn{ dr

ipudbiukminn{ o{ i r`bdu` mdfurdn }skumh ife hizkfc if irì dj fdu n`}} uhif 0

w`r m`fu dj uh` kfu`rfin irì df wnif dj uh` imm`}} }uikrmi}`& Uh` r`bdu` mdfurdn

}skumh }hdpne o` }kupiuè kf i mdf}wkmpdp} wd}kukdf iu uh` jkr` }`rzkm` imm`}} wdkfu dj uh` }uikrsi{ iu crdpfe n`z`n&

??& Jkr`bif‛} Nkju} kf i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{

??&9 Pw ud uhr`` jkr`bif‛} nkju}. opu fd duh`r nkju}. bi{ o` kf}uinnè ife bi{ }hir` uh` }ib`

nkjus`nn kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{& I nkju bikfn{ kfu`feè jdr uh` urif}wdru

dj cdde} }hdpne fdu o` e`}kcfiuè i} i jkr`bif‛} nkju&

??&? @z`r{ jkr`bif‛} nkju kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ }hdpne mdbwn{ skuh uh`

r`ypkr`b`fu} }w`mkjkè kf wiricriwh} 99&?. 9?. 95 ife 90 dj uhk} Mde`&

?=& B`mhifkmin Z`fukniukdf dj i Jkr`jkchukfc ife _`}mp` ]uikrsi{

If{ fiuprin z`fukniukdf ud i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ ife ku} ndoo{ r`ypkrè kf

uhk} Mde` bi{ o` dbkuuè sh`r` i b`mhifkmin }{}u`b ud mdfurdn uh` kfcr`}} dj }bdl`

kfud uh` }uikrsi{ dr ndoo{. }pmh i} wr`}}prk}iukdf. k} wrdzkeè ud uh` }iuk}jimukdf dj uh`

Ekr`mudr dj Jkr` ]`rzkm`}&

Wiru ZK " W_DZK]KDF DJ @B@_C@FM[ Z@HKMPNI_ IMM@]]

?5& @b`rc`fm{ Z`hkmpnir Imm`}} ud Zkrckf ]ku`}

?5&9 Jdr uh` wprwd}` dj Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf 59E. uhk} wiricriwh }w`mkjk`} uh`

e`}kcf ife mdf}urpmukdf r`ypkr`b`fu} dj `b`rc`fm{ z`hkmpnir imm`}} (@ZI+ }`rzkfc opknekfc} `r`muè dr ud o` `r`muè df zkrckf }ku`}& I „zkrckf }ku`‒ bìf} i }ku` sh`r`

uh`r` k} fd u`bwdrir{ dr w`rbif`fu opknekfc. kfmnpekfc i opknekfc `x`bwuè jrdb uh`

Opknekfc} Drekfifm` pfe`r uh` Opknekfc} Drekfifm` (Iwwnkmiukdf ud uh` F`s

U`rrkudrk`}+ Drekfifm`. kf `xk}u`fm` o`jdr`& Jdr uh` izdkeifm` dj edpou. uh`

r`ypkr`b`fu} kf uhk} wiricriwh }hdpne in}d iwwn{ ud inn }po}`yp`fu rè`z`ndwb`fu} df

zkrckf }ku`}&

?5&? @z`r{ @ZI ud shkmh uhk} wiricriwh iwwnk`} }hdpne o` e`}kcfè ife mdf}urpmuè kfimmdreifm` skuh uh` jdnndskfc r`ypkr`b`fu}. pfn`}} duh`rsk}` }w`mkjkè kf uhk}



93

wiricriwh 1

(i+ Uh` skeuh dj if @ZI kf uh` jdrb dj i mirrkic`si{ }hdpne o` fdu n`}} uhif 3&=b&

If @ZI uhiu k} fdu kf uh` jdrb dj i mirrkic`si{ }hdpne o` hire"wizè. fdu n`}}uhif : b ske` ife s`nn e`birmiuè df }ku`&

(o+ Kj uh`r` k} if{ dz`rhìe }urpmupr` dz`r if{ wiru dj uh` @ZI. i mnìr hìerddb dj

fdu n`}} uhif 5&0 b }hdpne o` bikfuikfè&

(m+ Uh` criek`fu dj uh` @ZI }hdpne fdu o` }u``w`r uhif 9 kf 97& Jdr }pmh wdrukdf

dj uh` @ZI uhiu k} fdu }`rzkfc if{ biadr jimie` dj if{ opknekfc. uh` criek`fu

bi{ o` kfmrì}è ud fdu }u``w`r uhif 9 kf :& Sh`r`z`r uh`r` k} i mhifc` kf

criek`fu. uh` @ZI }hdpne o` e`}kcfè ife mdf}urpmuè kf immdreifm` skuh uh`

r`ypkr`b`fu} knnp}uriuè kf Ekicrib 0 }d i} fdu ud mip}` if{ do}urpmukdf ud uh`

jkr` iwwnkifm`}&

(e+ Uh` @ZI }hdpne innds }ij` ife pfdo}urpmuè imm`}} ife }ij` dw`riukdf dj i jkr`

iwwnkifm` hizkfc uh` jdnndskfc }w`mkjkmiukdf} 1

Crd}} s`kchu =7.777 lc

Uprfkfc mkrmn` ?: b

N`fcuh 9? b

Uprfkfc }wim` jdr jkr` iwwnkifm`} }hdpne o` wrdzkeè iu inn eìe"`fe @ZI&

(`+ Uh` @ZI }hdpne }`rz` iu nì}u df` biadr jimie` dj uh` opknekfc& Jdr uhk}

wprwd}`. i biadr jimie` dj i opknekfc k} uh` jimie` hizkfc fdu n`}} uhif

df`"jdpruh dj uh` uduin n`fcuh dj inn uh` w`rkbù`r sinn} dj uh` opknekfc& Kf mi}`

uh` biadr jimie` k} n`}} uhif df`"jdpruh dj uh` uduin n`fcuh dj inn uh` w`rkbù`r sinn} dj uh` opknekfc. uh` @ZI }hdpne }`rz` uhk} biadr jimie` ife. kf ieekukdf.

duh`r jimie`} dj uh` opknekfc }pmh uhiu uh` iccr`ciu` n`fcuh dj uh` jimie`}

}`rzè k} fdu n`}} uhif df`"jdpruh dj uh` uduin n`fcuh dj inn uh` w`rkbù`r sinn} dj

uh` opknekfc& I wiru dj uh` opknekfc jimie` k} e``bè ud o` }`rzè o{ uh` @ZI

kj uh` hdrkqdfuin ek}uifm` oùs``f uh` @ZI ife }pmh wiru dj uh` jimie` ed`} fdu

`xm`è 97b& Uhk} r`ypkr`b`fu df hdrkqdfuin ek}uifm` jrdb uh` @ZI }hinn fdu

iwwn{ ud uh` n`z`n dj uh` opknekfc jimie` bdr` uhif :7 b hkch bì}prkfc jrdb

uh` n`z`n dj uh` @ZI }`rzkfc uh` jimie`& Uh` wiru dj uh` @ZI }`rzkfc i opknekfcjimie` }hdpne fdu o` mdz`rè&



98

?5&= ]poa`mu ud wiricriwh ?5&? iodz`. `z`r{ @ZI }hdpne mdbwn{ skuh uh` jdnndskfc

r`ypkr`b`fu} immdrekfc ud uh` p}ic` dr dmmpwifm{ dj uh` opknekfc ku }`rz`} 1

(i+ Jdr if kfep}urkin opknekfc. @ZI }hdpne o` wrdzkeè ud }`rz` usd dwwd}ku`

jimie`} uhiu ir` r`bdu` jrdb ìmh duh`r ife ìmh hizkfc i n`fcuh dj fdu n`}}

uhif df`"jdpruh dj uh` uduin n`fcuh dj inn uh` w`rkbù`r sinn} dj uh` opknekfc& Kj

imm`}} ud uh` }ku` jrdb bdr` uhif df` }ur`ù k} iziknion`. uh` @ZI }`rzkfc uh`

usd jimie`} }hdpne cikf imm`}} jrdb ekjj`r`fu }ur`ù}& Uh` @ZI }hdpne o` kf

uh` jdrb dj i usd"si{ mirrkic`si{ ife uh` skeuh dj uh` mirrkic`si{ }hdpne o`

fdu n`}} uhif 9=&0 b kj uh`r` k} fd m`furin ekzke`r& Kj uh`r` k} i m`furin ekzke`r.

uh` skeuh dj ìmh mirrkic`si{ }hdpne fdu o` n`}} uhif 3&= b& Kj if{ }pmh @ZI

k} dpu}ke` uh` }ku`. i r`}`rz` irì dj fdu n`}} uhif : b ske` bì}prè jrdb uh`

opknekfc odpfeir{ indfc}ke` uhiu @ZI }hdpne o` wrdzkeè i} if ieekukdfin

@ZI (}`` knnp}uriukdf kf Ekicrib :+&

(o+ Jdr i mkf`bi dr uhìur`. uh` @ZI }hdpne mdbwn{ skuh uh` r`ypkr`b`fu} dj

uhdrdpchjir`} }ukwpniuè kf wiricriwh ?? kf Wiru KKK dj uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr

uh` Wrdzk}kdf dj Bìf} dj @}miw` kf Mi}` dj Jkr`& Uhk} wiricriwh k} `xurimuè

iu Iff`x I jdr r`j`r`fm`&

(m+ Jdr i opknekfc skuh bkxè p}ic`} dr dmmpwifmk`}. uh` @ZI }hdpne b`ù uh`

bd}u }urkfc`fu r`ypkr`b`fu} jdr if{ wirukmpnir u{w` dj p}ic` dr dmmpwifm{

}w`mkjkè kf uhk} wiricriwh&

?5&5 Jdr if @ZI shkmh k} fdu fdrbinn{ p}è i} imm`}} jdr duh`r z`hkmn`} ud uh` opknekfc.

if `b`rc`fm{ mri}h ciu` mdfjdrbkfc ud dr `ypkzin`fu ud uh` Hkchsi{} E`wirub`fu

}uifeire} i} knnp}uriuè kf Ekicrib 3 }hdpne o` wrdzkeè w`rw`fekmpnir ud uh` m`fur`

nkf` dj uh` @ZI& I mnìr }wim` }hdpne o` wrdzkeè kf jrdfu dj uh` mri}h ciu` kfimmdreifm` skuh uh` knnp}uriukdf kf Ekicrib 8&

?0& @ZI ud _è`z`ndwb`fu ]ku`}

?0&9 Jdr uh` wprwd}` dj Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf 59E. uhk} wiricriwh }w`mkjk`} uh`

e`}kcf ife mdf}urpmukdf r`ypkr`b`fu} dj @ZI }`rzkfc opknekfc} `r`muè dr ud o`

`r`muè df rè`z`ndwb`fu }ku`}. k&`& fdu zkrckf }ku`}&



9;

?0&? @z`r{ @ZI ud shkmh uhk} wiricriwh iwwnk`} }hdpne o` e`}kcfè ife mdf}urpmuè kf

immdreifm` skuh uh` r`ypkr`b`fu} wr`}mrkoè kf wiricriwh ?5&?(o+. (m+ ife (e+& If

@ZI uhiu k} fdu kf uh` jdrb dj i mirrkic`si{ }hdpne o` hire"wizè ife s`nn

e`birmiuè df }ku`&

?0&= ]poa`mu ud wiricriwh ?0&? iodz`. `z`r{ @ZI }hdpne mdbwn{ skuh uh` jdnndskfc

r`ypkr`b`fu} immdrekfc ud uh` p}ic` dr dmmpwifm{ dj uh` opknekfc ku }`rz`} 1

(i+ Jdr if kfep}urkin opknekfc. uh` @ZI }hdpne }`rz` iu nì}u df` biadr jimie` dj

uh` opknekfc kf immdreifm` skuh wiricriwh ?5&?(`+& ]pmh @ZI }hdpne hiz` i

bkfkbpb skeuh dj 3&= b&

(o+ Jdr i mkf`bi dr uhìur`. uh` @ZI }hdpne mdbwn{ skuh uh` r`ypkr`b`fu} dj

uhdrdpchjir`} }ukwpniuè kf wiricriwh ?? kf Wiru KKK dj uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr

uh` Wrdzk}kdf dj Bìf} dj @}miw` kf Mi}` dj Jkr`& Uhk} wiricriwh k} `xurimuè

iu Iff`x I jdr r`j`r`fm`&

(m+ Jdr i opknekfc dj if{ duh`r u{w`} dj p}ic` dr dmmpwifm{. uh` @ZI }hdpne }`rz`

iu nì}u df` biadr jimie` dj uh` opknekfc kf immdreifm` skuh wiricriwh ?5&?(`+&

]pmh @ZI }hdpne hiz` i bkfkbpb skeuh dj : b&

(e+ Jdr i opknekfc skuh bkxè p}ic`} dr dmmpwifmk`}. uh` @ZI }hdpne b`ù uh`

bd}u }urkfc`fu r`ypkr`b`fu} jdr if{ wirukmpnir u{w` dj p}ic` dr dmmpwifm{

}w`mkjkè kf uhk} wiricriwh&

?0&5 @b`rc`fm{ mri}h ciu`} }hdpne o` wrdzkeè ud uh` @ZI kf immdreifm` skuh wiricriwh

?5&5&

?:& @ZI ]kcf}

?:&9 Jdr uh` wprwd}` dj Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf 59E. uhk} wiricriwh }w`mkjk`} uh`

r`ypkr`b`fu} dj }kcfic` jdr @ZI ud kfekmiu` uh` `xu`fu dj uh` e`}kcfiuè @ZI skuhkf

i }ku`&

?:&? Jdr if @ZI kf uh` jdrb dj i mirrkic`si{ 1

(i+ I }kcf }hdskfc uh` ni{dpu dj uh` @ZI }hdpne o` `r`muè iu uh` `furifm` dj uh`

@ZI (}`` }ibwn` iu Ekicrib ;+<



?7

(o+ @ZI kfekmiukdf }kcf} }hdpne o` `r`muè iu if kfu`rzin dj fdu bdr` uhif 977 b

indfc uh` @ZI (}`` }ibwn` iu Ekicrib 97+< ife

(m+ /Fd Wirlkfc/ }kcf} mdfjdrbkfc ud }uifeire} }ukwpniuè kf uh` _die Urijjkm(Wirlkfc df Wrkziu` _die}+ _`cpniukdf} ife uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Wrkziu`

_die} k}}pè o{ uh` Urif}wdru E`wirub`fu }hdpne o` `r`muè iu if kfu`rzin dj

fdu bdr` uhif 07 b indfc uh` @ZI `xm`wu sh`r` e`}kcfiuè mirwirl} ir`

birlè (}`` }ibwn` iu Ekicrib 99+&

?:&= Jdr if @ZI shkmh k} fdu kf uh` jdrb dj i mirrkic`si{ 1

(i+ I }kcf }hdskfc uh` ni{dpu dj uh` @ZI }hdpne o` `r`muè iu uh` `furifm` dj uh`

@ZI (}`` }ibwn` iu Ekicrib ;+< ife

(o+ @ZI kfekmiukdf }kcf} }hdpne o` wrdzkeè kf immdreifm` skuh wiricriwh ?:&?(o+

iodz`& Inu`rfiukz`n{. `b`rc`fm{ rdpu` }kcf} }hdpne o` jkxè ud l`ro}udf`}.

wnifu`r}. dr duh`r }kbknir doa`mu} i} iwwrdwrkiu` iu if kfu`rzin dj fdu bdr` uhif

977 b ud birl uh` @ZI& ]pmh }kcf} mdpne o` wikfuè dr `fcrizè ife }hdpne

o` bie` dj eprion` biu`rkin} }pmh i} bùin (}`` }ibwn` iu Ekicrib 9?+&

?3& @x`bwukdf ife Bdekjkmiukdf

?3&9 I opknekfc bi{ o` `x`bwuè jrdb if{ dr inn dj uh` e`}kcf ife mdf}urpmukdf

r`ypkr`b`fu} dj @ZI }ukwpniuè kf wiricriwh} ?5. ?0. ife ?: pfe`r Opknekfc

(Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf 59E(=+ kf uh` jdnndskfc mi}`} 1

(i+ sh`f uh` wprwd}` jdr shkmh uh` opknekfc k} ud o` p}è mdf}ukupu`} i nds jkr` rk}l<

dr

(o+ sh`f uh` }ku` k} }kupiuè kf if irì uh` udwdcriwhkmin jìupr`} dj shkmh bil` uh`

wrdzk}kdf dj if @ZI dr uh` mdbwnkifm` skuh r`ypkr`b`fu} kf wiricriwh} ?5. ?0

ife ?: iodz` kbwrimukmion`&

?3&? Sh`f uh` mkrmpb}uifm`} kf wiricriwh ?3&9 irk}` uhiu if @ZI sknn fdu o` wrdzkeè dr

sh`f uh` @ZI wrdzkeè miffdu b`ù uh` }uifeire} i} }ukwpniuè kf uhk} wiru dj uh`

mde`. if iwwnkmiukdf jdr `x`bwukdf jrdb Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf 59E(9+ dr (?+

}hdpne o` }pobkuuè ife. kj r`ypkrè o{ uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{. ap}ukjkè o{ ijkr`"}ijù{ r`wdru& Uh` r`wdru }hdpne i}}`}} uh` wrdoioknku{ dj dmmprr`fm` ife uh`



?9

nkl`n{ mdf}`yp`fm` dj i jkr` kfmke`fu& Jimudr} }pmh i} jkr` ndie. }wrìe dj jkr` ife

e`f}ku{ dj wdwpniukdf kf ekjj`r`fu wiru} dj uh` opknekfc. uh` o`hizkdr dj uh` dmmpwifu}

kf mi}` dj wifkm ife uh` kbwimu dj udwdcriwhkmin mdf}urikfu} (kf mi}` dj wiricriwh

?3&9(o+ dfn{+ ud uh` kfcr`}} ife `cr`}} ud ife jrdb uh` opknekfc }hdpne o` ifin{qè&Uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ kf mdf}pnuiukdf skuh uh` Ekr`mudr dj Jkr` ]`rzkm`} sknn

mdf}ke`r }pmh if iwwnkmiukdf df ku} kfekzkepin b`rku}&

?3&= @xibwn`} dj opknekfc} uhiu bi{ o` mdf}ke`rè i} hizkfc nds jkr` rk}l pfe`r

wiricriwh ?3&9(i+ kfmnpe` i bkmrdsiz` urif}bkuu`r }uiukdf. i oìmh hdp}`. }ìsinn dr

i w{ndf }pwwdrukfc mion`}& Jimudr} b`fukdfè kf wiricriwh ?3&? iodz` }hdpne o`

ifin{qè ud eù`rbkf` shùh`r i opknekfc k} dj nds jkr` rk}l&

?3&5 @xibwn`} dj }ku`} uhiu bi{ o` mdf}ke`rè i} hizkfc udwdcriwhkmin mdf}urikfu} pfe`r

wiricriwh ?3&9(o+ kfmnpe` i }ku` iopuukfc i }u`wwè }ur`ù dr iopuukfc i rdie dr }ur`ù

uhiu k} fdu pw ud uh` }uifeire} }w`mkjkè kf uhk} wiru dj uh` mde` ife uh` dsf`r dj uh`

}ku` hi} fd mdfurdn dz`r }pmh rdie dr }ur`ù& Jdr }ku`} ndmiukfc kf r`bdu` irì} dr kf

dpun{kfc k}nife} sh`r` jkr` iwwnkifm`} dj }binn`r }kq` mif o` e`wnd{è. uh` imm`}}

r`ypkr`b`fu} sknn o` }w`mkjkè o{ uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ kf mdf}pnuiukdf skuh uh`

Ekr`mudr dj Jkr` ]`rzkm`} df i mi}`"o{"mi}` oi}k}&

?8& @fhifmè Jkr` ]ijù{ Bì}pr`}

?8&9 Pfe`r _`cpniukdf 59E(5+ dj uh` Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf}. uh` Opknekfc

Ipuhdrku{ bi{ r`ypkr` uh` wrdzk}kdf dj `fhifmè jkr` }ijù{ bì}pr`} ud mdbw`f}iu`

jdr uh` fdf"wrdzk}kdf dr e`jkmk`fm{ dj @ZI sh`f `x`bwukdf k} crifuè i} }ukwpniuè

kf wiricriwh ?3& Uh` `fhifmè jkr` }ijù{ bì}pr`} }d r`ypkrè bi{ kfmnpe`

`fhifmè wrdzk}kdf} dj bìf} dj `}miw`. bìf} dj imm`}}. jkr` r`}k}ukfc mdf}urpmukdf.

jkr` }`rzkm` kf}uinniukdf} dr i mdbokfiukdf dj uh`}` bì}pr`}&

?8&? Oi}è df uh` mdf}ke`riukdf dj wrdu`mukdf dj bìf} dj `}miw` ife ie`ypim{ dj siu`r

}pwwn{ jdr jkr` }pwwr`}}kdf. ieekukdfin jkr` }`rzkm` kf}uinniukdf} kf wpr}pifm` dj uh`

Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr Bkfkbpb Jkr` ]`rzkm` Kf}uinniukdf} ife @ypkwb`fu k}}pè o{ uh`

Ekr`mudr dj Jkr` ]`rzkm`} bi{ o` r`ypkrè i} `fhifmè jkr` }ijù{ bì}pr`} jdr uh`

opknekfc kf mi}` dj fdf"wrdzk}kdf dr e`jkmk`fm{ dj @ZI& Uh` jdnndskfc u{wkmin

`fhifm`b`fu} df jkr` }ijù{ bì}pr`} bi{ o` zirkè immdrekfc ud }w`mkin

mkrmpb}uifm`} dj ìmh mi}` 1

(i+ ]wrkfln`r }{}u`b dj nkchu hiqire crdpw pfe`r uh` Nd}} Wr`z`fukdf Mdpfmkn _pn`



??

}hdpne o` wrdzkeè ud wrdu`mu inn mdbbdf irì} dj edb`}ukm opknekfc} kfmnpekfc

nkju ndook`}. }uikrmi}`}. mdbbdf mdrrkedr} ife inn `xku rdpu`} nìekfc ud crdpfe

n`z`n& If kfe`w`fe`fu }wrkfln`r uifl dj iwwrdwrkiu` miwimku{ }hdpne o`

wrdzkeè& Jdr mdbwd}ku` (edb`}ukm ife mdbb`rmkin+ opknekfc}. }wrkfln`r }{}u`b dj iwwrdwrkiu` hiqire crdpw }hdpne o` wrdzkeè ud wrdu`mu uh` `fukr`

mdbb`rmkin wdrukdf (krr`}w`mukz` dj uh` jnddr irì+ ife inn mdbbdf irì} dj uh`

edb`}ukm wdrukdf& ]wrkfln`r hìe} }hdpne o` dj uh` iwwrdzè ji}u r`}wdf}` u{w`&

(o+ Wr`}}prk}iukdf dj }uikrmi}` dr fiuprin z`fukfc dj }uikrmi}` }hdpne o` wrdzkeè kf

immdreifm` skuh uh` }uifeire} ife }w`mkjkmiukdf} i} nike edsf kf uh` Mde` dj

Wrimukm` jdr Bkfkbpb Jkr` ]`rzkm` Kf}uinniukdf} ife @ypkwb`fu&

(m+ I ekr`mu nkf` ud uh` Jkr` ]`rzkm`} Mdbbpfkmiukdf M`fur` dj uh` Jkr` ]`rzkm`}

E`wirub`fu }hdpne o` wrdzkeè ife mdff`muè ud uh` }wrkfln`r inirb }{}u`b

ife bifpin jkr` inirb }{}u`b& E`}wku` uh` wrdzk}kdf dj }pmh ekr`mu nkf`. uh`

miwimku{ dj uh` }wrkfln`r siu`r uifl. skuh oduh `fe} jè siu`r }pwwn{. k} fdu

inndsè ud o` rèpmè ud ?$=&

(e+ @fhifmè }kq` dj siu`r uifl$kfjnds riu` jdr }wrkfln`r dr jkr` h{erifu$hd}` r``n

}{}u`b uifl&

(`+ If{ mdbokfiukdf dj uh` iodz` ku`b}&



?=

Iff`x I

Jdr uh` wprwd}` dj wiricriwh} ?5&=(o+ ife ?0&=(o+ dj uhk} mde`. `z`r{ @ZI ud i mkf`bi dr

uhìur` }hdpne mdbwn{ skuh uh` r`ypkr`b`fu} df uhdrdpchjir`} jdr wnim`} dj wponkm`fu`ruikfb`fu kf wiricriwh ?? dj uh` Mde` dj Wrimukm` jdr uh` Wrdzk}kdf dj Bìf} dj @}miw`

kf Mi}` dj Jkr`& Uh` wiricriwh k} `xurimuè o`nds jdr r`j`r`fm` 1

??& ]ku`

??&9 Uh` }ku` dj i wnim` dj wponkm `fu`ruikfb`fu }hdpne iopu pwdf ife hiz` jrdfuic`} ud ?

dr bdr` uhdrdpchjir`}&

??&? Uh` jrdfuic`} dj i opknekfc hizkfc i wnim` dj wponkm `fu`ruikfb`fu }hdpne. }poa`mu ud

wiricriwh ??&3. jdrb iu nì}u df`"hinj dj uh` uduin odpfeirk`} dj uh` }ku` df shkmh uh`

opknekfc k} }kupiuè. `xmnpekfc r`m`}}`} ife wrda`mukdf} shkmh ed fdu wràpekmkinn{

ijj`mu `xku rdpu`}. ife }hdpne w`rbku dj uh` wrdzk}kdf dj `xku rdpu`} kf immdreifm` skuh

uhk} Mde` jrdb ìmh uk`r dr jnddr ekr`mu ud ? dr bdr` uhdrdpchjir`}&

??&= Uh` uhdrdpchjir`} r`j`rrè ud kf wiricriwh ??&? }hdpne o` dj }pmh skeuh} i} sknn

`fion` w`r}df} shd ir` ud o` immdbbdeiuè kf uh` wnim` dj wponkm `fu`ruikfb`fu ud

ek}w`r}` riwken{ kf uh` `z`fu dj jkr` dr wifkm ife i} sknn ijjdre rì}dfion` jimknkuk`} jdr

uh` iwwrdimh dj jkr` iwwnkifm`}&

??&5 Kf uh` mi}` dj i wnim` dj wponkm `fu`ruikfb`fu shkmh k} miwion` dj immdbbdeiukfc

bdr` uhif 077 opu fdu bdr` uhif ?.777 w`r}df} df` dj uh` uhdrdpchjir`} r`j`rrè ud

kf wiricriwh ??&? }hdpne o` iu nì}u 9? b ske`&


bdr` uhif ?.777 opu fdu bdr` uhif =.777 w`r}df} df` dj uh` uhdrdpchjir`} r`j`rrè udkf wiricriwh ??&? }hdpne o` iu nì}u 9? b ske` ife uh` duh`r df` }hdpne o` iu nì}u ;

b ske` kj i mirrkic`si{ dr : b ske` kj i jddusi{&

??&: Kf uh` mi}` dj i wnim` dj wponkm `fu`ruikfb`fu shkmh k} miwion` dj immdbbdeiukfc

bdr` uhif =.777 opu fdu bdr` uhif 0.777 w`r}df} df` dj uh` uhdrdpchjir`} r`j`rrè ud

kf wiricriwh ??&? }hdpne o` iu nì}u 90 b ske` ife uh` duh`r }hdpne o` iu nì}u ; b

ske`&




?5

bdr` uhif 0.777 w`r}df} }pmh jpruh`r jrdfuic` ud uh` uhdrdpchjir`} r`j`rrè ud kf

wiricriwh ??&? }hdpne o` wrdzkeè i} uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ bi{ r`ypkr`&

??&8 Kf uh` mi}` dj i wnim` dj wponkm `fu`ruikfb`fu shkmh k} miwion` dj immdbbdeiukfc fdubdr` uhif 077 w`r}df}. uh` Opknekfc Ipuhdrku{ }hdpne eù`rbkf` uh` fpbo`r ife

skeuh dj uhdrdpchjir`} r`ypkrè ud o` wrdzkeè i} imm`}} ud uh` wnim`} dj wponkm

`fu`ruikfb`fu&



?:

(e+ `xm`èkfc ? }udr`{} ife

`xm`èkfc =7b iodz` bìf

n`z`n dj nds`}u }ur`ù.

krr`}w`mukz` dj mpokmin ̀ xu`fu

usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr """

(i+ `xm`èkfc 9 }udr`{ opu fdu`xm`èkfc ? }udr`{}

usd dr bdr` (i}bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

""" """(:+ Wnim`} dj wponkm `fu`ruikfb`fu.

hdu`n} dr hd}wkuin}

(o+ `xm`èkfc ? }udr`{}.

krr`}w`mukz` dj h`kchu iodz`

bìf n`z`n dj nds`}u }ur`ù ife

mpokmin ̀ xu`fu

usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr """

(i+ `xm`èkfc ? }udr`{} opu fdu


n`z`n dj nds`}u }ur`ù ife fdu

`xm`èkfc 3777b= kf mpokmin`xu`fu kfmnpekfc oi}`b`fu}

usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr

"""

(o+ `xm`èkfc 9 }udr`{ opu fdu


n`z`n dj nds`}u }ur`ù ife

`xm`èkfc 3777b= kf mpokmin

`xu`fu kfmnpekfc oi}`b`fu}

usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr

df` skuhkf :7b dj

if{ wiru dj jnddr

(m+ `xm`èkfc 9 }udr`{ ife


n`z`n dj nds`}u }ur`ù opu fdu



usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr

df` skuhkf :7b dj

if{ wiru dj jnddr

(3+ Kfep}urkin pfe`ruilkfc}. opnl

}udric` dr sir`hdp}`}

(e+ `xm`èkfc 9 }udr`{. =7b

iodz` bìf n`z`n dj nds`}u

}ur`ù ife 3777b= kf mpokmin


usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr

df` skuhkf :7b dj

if{ wiru dj jnddr

(i+ `xm`èkfc ? }udr`{} ife


`xu`fu

usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr

df` skuhkf :7b dj

if{ wiru dj jnddr

(8+ Inn oi}`b`fu}

(o+ `xm`èkfc i e`wuh dj ;b jrdb

uh` jnddr n`z`n dj uh` crdpfe

}udr`{ iodz` uh` oi}`b`fu ud uh`jnddr n`z`n dj uh` nds`}u }udr`{ kf

uh` oi}`b`fu ife `xm`èkfc

3777b= kf mpokmin `xu`fu

usd dr bdr` (i}

bif{ i} `}miw`

}uikrmi}`}+

df` skuhkf

:7b dj if{

wiru dj jnddr

df` skuhkf :7b dj

if{ wiru dj jnddr

Fdu`

If imm`}} }uikrmi}` kf i jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ sknn o` mdpfuè i} df` imm`}}

}uikrmi}` jdr uh` wprwd}` dj Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf 59I ife i jkr`bif‛} nkju kf i

jkr`jkchukfc ife r`}mp` }uikrsi{ sknn o` mdpfuè i} df` jkr`bif‛} nkju jdr uh` wprwd}` dj

Opknekfc (Wniffkfc+ _`cpniukdf 59O&



?3

9



?8



?;



=7



=?

Ekicrib 0 _`ypkr`b`fu df mhifc` kf criek`fu dj @ZI (wiricriwh ?5&?(m++

Fdu`}1

9& Jdr if{ mhifc` kf criek`fu dj @ZI. uh` impu` ifcn` ι oùs``f uh` usd ieadkfkfc

wnif`} }hinn fdu o` crìu`r uhif : e`cr``}&

?& Kf uh` mi}` dj i mhifc` kf criek`fu dj @ZI sh`r` uh` impu` ifcn` oùs``f uh` usd wnif`} k} nirc`r uhif : e`cr``}. uh`r` }hdpne o` wrdzkeè if kfu`rbèkiu` wnif` dj i

bkfkbpb n`fcuh dj 97b }pmh uhiu uh` r`ypkr`b`fu kf fdu` 9 iodz` k} mdbwnkè skuh. k&`&

inn uh` impu` ifcn`} ι oùs``f uh` ieadkfkfc wnif`} }hinn fdu o` crìu`r uhif :

e`cr``}&

=& Kj uh` kfu r̀bèkiu` wnif` k} i o`fe. uh` wnif` }hdpne o` dj i bkfkbpb n`fcuh dj 9?b

bì}prè indfc uh` m`fu`rnkf` dj uh` wnif`&

Kfu`rbèkiu` wnif` dj

bkfkbpb n`fcuh dj 97b

ι

ι

ι

ι

Kfu`rbèkiu` wnif` dj

bkfkbpb n`fcuh dj 97b

Uh` impu` ifcn` oùs``f

uh`}` ? wnif`} k} crìu`r

uhif : e`cr``}

ι

Mif o` n`}} uhif 97b

ι≪ :7

ι≪ :7

Ndfckupekfin ]`mukdf ?

Ndfckupekfin ]`mukdf 9

ι

Wnif dj kfu`rbèkiu` wnif`

Kj uh` kfu`rbèkiu` wnif` k}

i o`fe. uh` wnif` }hdpne o`

dj i bkfkbpb n`fcuh dj

9?b bì}prè indfc uh`

m`fu`rnkf` dj uh` wnif`&



==

Ekicrib : _`ypkr`b`fu} dj @ZI jdr kfep}urkin opknekfc} kf zkrckf

}ku`} (Wiricriwh ?5&=(i++

@ZI (I+ (bkfkbpb 9=&0b ske` jdr usd nif` usd"si{ urijjkm+

Kfep}urkin opknekfc skuh

usd jimie`} df dwwd}ku`}ke`}. ìmh hizkfc i

n`fcuh fdu n`}} uhif

df`"jdpruh dj uh` uduin

n`fcuh dj inn uh` w`rkbù`r

sinn} dj uh` opknekfc.

}`rzè o{ usd @ZI

Bkfkbpb 3&=b ske` jdr df`"si{ urijjkm

Bkfkbpb3&=b ske` jdr df`"si{ urijjkm

M`furin ekzke`r @ZI (O+

:b

_`}`rz` fdu n`}} uhif

:b ske` bì}prè

jrdb uh` opknekfc

odpfeir{ i} if

ieekukdfin @ZI kj

uh` @ZI (O+ k}dpu}ke` uh` }ku`

]ku` odpfeir{

Fdu`1 @ZI(I+ ife @ZI(O+ }hdpne o` usd }`wiriu` @ZI} kj imm`}} ud uh` }ku`

jrdb bdr` uhif df` }ur`ù k} iziknion`&



=5

Ekicrib 3



=0

Ekicrib 8 Wrdzk}kdf dj mn`ir }wim` jdr `b`rc`fm{ mri}h ciu` (Wiricriwh

?5&5+

9?&7b

8&9b

9=&7b

@b`rc`fm{

mri}h ciu`

Jkr` Iwwnkifm`

?7&7b



=:



=3



=8



=;

Code of Practice for Means of Access

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