CODE ÉPREUVE : 972 - Service Concours de l'ENSEAconcours.ensea.fr/concours/dutbts/annales/2017/BE...
Transcript of CODE ÉPREUVE : 972 - Service Concours de l'ENSEAconcours.ensea.fr/concours/dutbts/annales/2017/BE...
BANQUE D’EPREUVES DUT-BTS -SESSION 2017-
ÉPREUVE D’ANGLAIS
Dictionnaire et appareils électroniques interdits
Réponse juste : +3 Réponse fausse : -1 Pas de réponse : 0
CODE ÉPREUVE : 972
DURÉE DE L’ÉPREUVE: 2H
ChooseONEanswerforeachquestion:1. Mygapyear?OhyesIlovedit.It_______________betweenmysecondandthirdyearatuniversity.
a. willbe
b. hasbeen
c. was
d. wouldbe
2. AchronologicalCVstartswithyourmost_______________positionandprogressesbackintime.
a. actual
b. current
c. fun
d. present
3. Decide_____________ismorerelevant.Ifyourworkexperienceismorerelevantthanyour
qualifications,thenputitfirst.
a. which
b. that
c. whatone
d. ifit
4. AfewyearsagoI_____________Iwasnotthemostorganizedpersonintheworld.
a. hadrealized
b. wasthinking
c. consider
d. realized
5. Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytorefreshalloftheinformation__________inthisfile.
a. hold
b. beinghold
c. held
d. beingheld
6. Residentialaddresscanbeconfirmed________supplyingoneofthedocumentsshownbelow.
a. by
b. about
c. with
d. for
7. Who’stheelectronicbasicscourseaimed________?
a. on
b. at
c. toward
d. to
8. Ohno,mytrainhasjust_____________________thestation!
a. goneoutof
b. comeinto
c. leavefrom
d. pulledawayfrom
9. Please______________yourshoesandbootsasyoureachthescreeningarea.
a. turnoff
b. putoff
c. puton
d. takeoff
10. Althoughthiswasourfirstevent,we____________hadmorethan300visitors.
a. already
b. just
c. still
d. often
11. Don’teventhinkofridingamotorbike_____________youhavealicence.
a. unless
b. if
c. when
d. since
12. Thatemergencymeantwehadtopayoutalargeamountonanewboiler,_________wasanunexpected
expense.
a. thatwhich
b. which
c. that
d. these
13. You’regoingtotheEngineeringworkshop,______________?a. aren’tyou
b. didn’tyou
c. haven’tyou
d. won’tyou
14. Howdoyou____________alltheworkyouhaveatbusytimes?
a. goover
b. handle
c. handover
d. mismanage
15. It’sprettyhotoutsidetodayinMorocco,soforourexcursionyou_________________suncream.
a. shouldhaveused
b. shouldbeusing
c. mayusing
d. woulduse
16. Icalledtwice,butIcouldn’tget________________.a. through
b. over
c. to
d. at
17. IwishI_______________abetterpresentation,butthereisnothingIcandoaboutitnow.a. willdo
b. wouldhavedone
c. coulddo
d. haddone
18. Thiswholeprojectdepends_________you.Sothat’sabigresponsibility.a. from
b. for
c. of
d. on
19. Pleasetakeyourseatsas_______________youcan.a. quicklyas
b. quickthat
c. quickerthat
d. quicklythat
20. Thenewmanager_____________directexperienceinprogramming,buthe’sagoodmanager.
a. lack
b. lacks
c. miss
d. misses
21. Yousaidyou_____________whetherthecartridgesfitthenewprinter.a. wouldcheck
b. willcheck
c. willhavechecked
d. won’tcheck
22. ________________ourreputationinthemarket,ourbusinessisnotdoingaswellaslastyear.
a. Despiteof
b. Although
c. Because
d. Inspiteof
23. Yes,don’tworry!Wehaveallthedocumentsweneed.Iwishyou___________fussing.
a. willstop
b. wouldstop
c. havestopped
d. stop
24. ________________areinspectionscarriedoutinthisfoodfactory?a. Howsoon
b. Howoften
c. Howmuch
d. Howmany
25. Canyousendmethatreport_______Monday?
a. by
b. in
c. at
d. over
26. ___________youexercise,thefitteryouare.a. More
b. Themore
c. Themost
d. Morethan
27. Haveyoutakenyourdrivingtestyet?______________itnextmonth.
a. No,Iwillhavetaken
b. No,Iwilltaking
c. No,I’mtaking
d. Yes,I’vetaken
28. Aswecan’trenovatethehouseourselves,wehavedecidedto_______________byareputablefirm.
a. doit
b. haveitdone
c. makeitdone
d. getit
29. Wecannotmanufacture___________componentswithinthetimeperiodyoustipulate.
a. that
b. this
c. these
d. somuch
30. Thelectureonsignalprocessingwas_______________startat8am.Howevertheprofessorarrivedlate.
a. supposed
b. dueto
c. plannedfor
d. programmed
31. ___________anyonecallwhileI’mout,pleasetakeamessage.
a. If
b. Will
c. Should
d. Shall
32. Thenewharddrivesweredeliveredlastmonth,butthey’restillsittingin________boxes.
a. they
b. them
c. themselves
d. their
33. Thequalitydepartmenthasreceivedtoomany______aboutournewspeakers.Ithinkweshouldlook
intoit.
a. complaints
b. damages
c. charges
d. plaints
34. Thisevening’s______willbeprovidedbytheRollingBanjostrio.a. entertain
b. entertained
c. entertains
d. entertainment
35. Please_____alllightsareturnedoffandthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingtheroom.
a. ensure
b. insure
c. assure
d. prepare
36. Who’sgoingtoreplaceMs.Weaver_____sheisonvacation?
a. during
b. through
c. within
d. while
37. Theyclaimtheaveragebatterylifeonthenewmodelis_______36-48hours.
a. approximate
b. approximatively
c. approximated
d. approximately
38. ________thedatabasesometimesneedstoberestored,dailybackupsaremadebytheadministrator.
a. While
b. Because
c. Indeed
d. Otherwise
39. ______heknown,hemighthavedoneitanotherway.
a. If
b. Had
c. Did
d. Unless
40. “Pleaseenteryourpersonal______number.”
a. identifying
b. identification
c. identity
d. identify
41. ThereportMr.Andrewsgavehertotypewasquitelong,buthisassistanthas_____finishedit.
a. yet
b. soon
c. already
d. still
42. Economicprogresshasbeenveryslow______therecession.
a. from
b. for
c. during
d. because
43. “Wouldyouplease_____meaboutthemeeting?
a. remember
b. remind
c. prevent
d. remark
44. ThelibrariansaidIcould______upto5booksatatime.
a. lend
b. loan
c. borrow
d. toborrow
45. Weweren’tinahurrytogettheresowetookthe_____route.
a. scenery
b. scenically
c. scenic
d. scene
46. John’snewflatisgreat!It’s________decoratedinharmoniousrelaxingcolors.
a. tasty
b. taste
c. tasteful
d. tastefully
47. FossessurMeris________area
a. aheavyindustrialized
b. aheavilyindustrial
c. aheavilyindustrialized
d. anindustriallyheavy
48. Thisnewcomputerprogrammaytakesometimetolearn,butitshould_______ourworkload
eventually.
a. lighten
b. lighter
c. light
d. lightener
49. The_______mysupervisorgivesmeisalwayshelpful.
a. advices
b. advice
c. piecesofadvice
d. advise
50. Allthecomputersinthisroom_______repairing.
a. areneeding
b. needs
c. isneeding
d. need
51. Theownerwasfuriouswhenhefoundoutthatoneofhisstaff_________theday’searnings.a. hadstolen
b. steal
c. stole
d. steals
52. Esperantohasnevergainedworldwideacceptanceasalanguage______itslackofnativespeakers.a. since
b. because
c. asaresult
d. owingto
53. JaneandIwillgettothetheaterby_____.a. ourown
b. ourselves
c. themselves
d. herself
54. Women________tobebetterthanmenatmulti-tasking.
a. are
b. arebeingsaid
c. say
d. aresaid
55. Ihadtostayafterclassbecausetheprofessorwanted________withme.
a. tospeak
b. speak
c. say
d. tosay
56. Thedoctorhadsometests_____,buttheycouldn’tfindanythingwrong.
a. tobedone
b. havedone
c. done
d. do
57. Ifyoudon’tunderstand,Iwill___________you.a. explainit
b. explain
c. sayto
d. explainitto
58. ____youmindifI_____withoutyou
a. Do/went
b. Would/went
c. Would/wouldgo
d. Would/willgo
59. Ourfriendsinvitedmyhusbandand____tomeet_____fordinner.
a. I/them
b. I/him
c. me/them
d. me/us
60. I’vebeenwaitingforhours!Ihopeheshows____soon.a. up
b. down
c. out
d. on
61. You_______parkonadoubleyellowline.You’llgetaticketifyoudo.a. don’thaveto
b. needn’tto
c. shouldn’t
d. oughtto
62. Accordingtorecentsurveys,theirproductlineforteenagersisbothdependable_____affordable.a. nor
b. or
c. yet
d. and
63. Theirbosswon’tletthem______fromhomeeveniftheyhaveavalidexcuseforneedingto.
a. towork
b. work
c. working
d. worked
64. Constructionofthenewfactorybegan_____2015buthasbeenhaltedduetobudgetcuts.a. at
b. on
c. from
d. in
65. Activitiesabroadcontributedtooverhalfofthesalesand_______costs.a. operator
b. operation
c. operating
d. operated
66. Pleaseinformmeassoonasthepackage______.
a. arrived
b. willarrive
c. isarriving
d. arrives
67. Whenthechairmanlearnedmoreabouttheoffer,heturned______.
a. iton
b. onit
c. itup
d. itdown.
68. Pleasekeepaccuraterecords_____allyourexpenseswhileonabusinesstripastheywillhelpyoufileforreimbursement.
a. with
b. so
c. that
d. of
69. I’vejustmovedhereso_____peoplehereknowme.
a. few
b. little
c. less
d. many
70. Inlife,it’simportanttohavegoodfriends.Theycanhelpyou_____difficulttimes.
a. getthrough
b. getaround
c. getin
d. getby
71. IwouldhavepaidyoubackifI______youyesterday.a. saw
b. see
c. hadsaw
d. hadseen
72. Tobeacelebritymeans______noprivacy.
a. tohave
b. have
c. tohavehad
d. having
73. Mostofmydiscussionswithmyparents_____upwithalotofarguments.
a. conclude
b. terminate
c. last
d. end
74. Everyoneneedsa_____whentheyworkhardallday.a. pause
b. suspension
c. break
d. breach
75. Ithinkeveryonewill______thenewregulations.a. benefitfrom
b. profitfrom
c. takeadvantagefrom
d. takebenefitfrom
76. Youmustchangethefilterregularlyto______thevacuumcleanerworksproperly.
a. assure
b. ensure
c. insure
d. see
77. Despitethelengthynegotiations,thereweremanydisagreementsandthedeal_____.
a. fellthrough
b. felldown
c. wentthrough
d. wentdown
78. Allassignmentsmustbehandedin______theendofthemonth.
a. on
b. until
c. within
d. by
79. Wow!Youonlystartedworkingonthereportyesterday!Haveyoufinishedit______?
a. yet
b. since
c. already
d. soon
80. Allsampleswerechecked______forcontamination.
a. deeply
b. strictly
c. strongly
d. thoroughly
81. Thebuildersare_____goodprogresswiththenewhouse.a. getting
b. making
c. doing
d. taking
82. Sheshowedusalltheplans_____buildingthenewairport.
a. aboutb. towardsc. ford. to
83. Thereisa_________tothenumberofpeoplethatcantakethecablecartothetop.a. limitb. containerc. presenced. restraint
84. Theshop__________chargedMr.Jung’screditcardtwiceforthesamepurchase.
a. uniformlyb. potentiallyc. inadvertentlyd. currently
85. Ifacomputercancrackjokes,whatotherhumanactivitiescouldtheystartto___________?
a. duplicateb. replicatec. begind. make
86. Ourorbitalenvironmentis___________beautiful.
a. wonderfullyb. enormouslyc. breathtakinglyd. breathtaking
87. It’s_____toustokeepitthatway.
a. overb. upc. ford. necessary
88. Peoplearoundtheworldrely___satelliteinfrastructureforinformation,entertainmentandto
communicate.a. ofb. fromc. withd. on
89. ThecomplexwayArtificialIntelligencegrowsmakesithardtounderstandand_________tocontrol.
a. evenharder
b. moreharder
c. harderstill
d. botha.andc.
90. Nowadayscomputerscientists___________platformsthatcontrolwhatabillionpeopleseeeveryday.
a. build
b. arebuilding
c. havebuilt
d. willhavebuilt
91. ________ofthisprogresscomesfromamethodcalled“machinelearning”.
a. Much
b. Many
c. Lots
d. Any
92. Howdoyougetonwithpeople_____________time?
a. most
b. mostofthe
c. mostof
d. mostthe
93. Doyouthinkweshouldworkhard___________behappy?a. forto
b. for
c. inorderto
d. so
94. Asakid,I_____________overquestionslikethis.a. wouldpuzzle
b. waspuzzling
c. willhavepuzzled
d. havepuzzling
95. Forparticles,thereisanequivalence___________energyandparticlemass.
a. over
b. on
c. between
d. throughout
96. Cannewlydesignednuclearpowerplantscompete_____________withfossilfuels?
a. economical
b. economic
c. economy
d. economically
97. Wehavethepotentialtomakenuclearenergysaferandcheaper__________inthepast.
a. thanit’sbeen
b. thatitwas
c. thanitis
d. thatitwas
98. OurmostrecentmoveistheParistreatyandtheresultingclimateagreements_________bynations.
a. whichhavebeenratifying
b. thatarebeingratified
c. thatareratifying
d. whichhasbeenratified
99. Theimpactofwealth__________betternutrition
a. allowstopeopletoget
b. allowstogetpeoplea
c. hasallowedpeopletoget
d. hasallowedtopeopletoget
100. _________youcaninsertanentirehumangenomeintoacell,thenyoubegintoaskthequestion,
wouldyouwanttoenhanceanyofthatgenome?
a. Moreover
b. However
c. Once
d. Although
ReadingComprehension-Choosethebestanswerforeachblankorquestionbelow.Text1TheEconomistexplains-Whycancerhasnotbeencured
MEDICINEhasdoneagreatjobofreducingdeathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokebut(101)______with
cancer.Despiteafour-decadewaragainstthedisease,onethathascost(102)_________ofdollars,in
Americaalone1.7mpeoplearediagnosedwithit,andabout600,000dieannually.Whyhascancernotbeen
cured?
Themainreasonthatcancerhasbeensuchahardproblemtotackleisa(103)_______basicunderstanding
oftheunderlyingmolecularmechanismsthatdriveit.Thefirstmedicinestotacklecancer,chemotherapies,
(104)______duringthesecondworldwarwhenitwasdiscoveredthatpeopleexposedtonitrogenmustard,
achemicalsimilartomustardgas,had(105)______reducedwhite-blood-cellcounts.Researchers
investigatedwhetherthesecompoundscouldbeusedtohaltthegrowthof(106)_______cells,suchas
cancercells.Thusbegananeraoftestingdifferentchemicalcompoundstoseeiftheywouldkilltumours.
Newdrugswerediscoveredthatactedoncancer,butthissortofsciencewasnotparticularlyrevealing
aboutthecauseofcancerorwhythesetreatmentsoftenonlyworkedtemporarily.
(107)_______progresshasbeenmadesince.Thankstoamuchdeeperunderstandingofcellbiologyand
genetics,thereexisttodayagrowingnumberoftargetedtherapiesthathavebeendesignedatamolecular
leveltorecogniseparticularfeaturesspecificofcancercells.Alongwithchemotherapy,surgeryand
radiotherapy,thesetreatments—usedsinglyandincombination—haveledtoaslow,but(108)______,
increaseinsurvivalrates.Childhoodcancersandbreastcancersaremuchmorecurablenowthantheyused
tobe.Butthereremainsmuchwork—andresearch—tobedone:someofthemostpromisingnewcancer
medicinesaretheproductofourdeeperunderstandingofhowcancercellsmutateandescaperemovalby
thebody.Cancerisseentodaylessasadiseaseofspecificorgans,andmoreasoneofmolecular
mechanismscausedbythemutationofspecificgenes.Theimplicationofthisshiftinthinkingisthatthebest
treatmentfor,say,colorectalcancermayturnouttobedesignedandapprovedforuseagainsttumoursin
anentirelydifferentpartofthebody,suchasthebreast.
Thereisagreatdealofpromisefromanothernewtherapy,calledimmunotherapy,which(109)____the
body’sownimmunesystemtofightcancer.Ithasbeen(110)______inducinglong-termremissionsofhard-
to-treatcancersinaboutathirdofpatientsinongoingtrials.Anactiveareaofinvestigationistopredict
whichtumoursrespondtothisandothertherapiesonoffer.Theworldhasstillnotcuredthemanycancers
thatexist.Butoverthenextfivetotenyearstheeraofpersonalisedmedicinecouldseeenormousprogress
inmakingcancersurvivable.
101.a)althoughb)evensoc)lesssod)also
102.a)manymillionb)hundredsofbillionsc)moreorlessbillionsd)ahundredofbillion
103.a)lackofb)missing c)lackingof d)missingof
104.a)cameupb)havecomeupc)havecomeabout d)cameabout
105.a)importantlyb)significantc)mainlyd)significantly
106.a)dividedrapidlyb)rapidlydividedc)rapidlydividingd)dividingrapidly
107.a)Alotb)Manyc)Muchd)Muchof
108.a)regularlyb)steadyc)steadilyd)regularity
109.a)checksb)runsc)harnessesd)leashes
110.a)succeedinb)successfulinc)succeedtod)successfulto
Text2Physicistshavefoundametalthatconductselectricitybutnotheat(ScienceAlert28Jan2017)
Researchershaveidentifiedametalthatconductselectricitywithoutconductingheat-anincrediblyuseful
propertythatdefiesourcurrentunderstandingofhowconductorswork.Themetalcontradictsthe
Wiedemann-FranzLaw,whichbasicallystatesthatgoodconductorsofelectricitywillalsobeproportionally
goodconductorsofheat,whichiswhythingslikemotorsandappliancesgetsohotwhenyouusethem
regularly.
ButateamintheUShasshownthatthisisn'tthecaseformetallicvanadiumdioxide(VO2)-amaterialthat's
alreadywellknownforitsstrangeabilitytoswitchfromasee-throughinsulatortoaconductivemetalatthe
temperatureof67degreesCelsius(152degreesFahrenheit)."Thiswasatotallyunexpectedfinding,"said
leadresearcherJunqiaoWu,fromBerkeleyLab’sMaterialsSciencesDivision.
"Itshowsadrasticbreakdownofatextbooklaw…..Thisdiscoveryisoffundamentalimportancefor
understandingthebasicelectronicbehaviourofnovelconductors."Notonlydoesthisunexpectedpropertychangewhatweknowaboutconductors,itcouldalsobeincrediblyuseful-themetalcouldonedaybeused
toconvertwastedheatfromenginesandappliancesbackintoelectricity,orevencreatebetterwindow
coveringsthatkeepbuildingscool.
Researchersalreadyknowofahandfulofothermaterialsthatconductelectricitybetterthanheat,butthey
onlydisplaythosepropertiesattemperatureshundredsofdegreesbelowzero,whichmakesthemhighly
impracticalforanyreal-worldapplications.Vanadiumdioxide,ontheotherhand,isusuallyonlyaconductor
atwarmtemperatureswellaboveroomtemperature,whichmeansithastheabilitytobealotmore
practical.
Touncoverthisbizarrenewproperty,theteamlookedatthewaythatelectronsmovewithinvanadium
dioxide'scrystallattice,aswellashowmuchheatwasbeinggenerated.Surprisingly,theyfoundthatthe
thermalconductivitythatcouldbeattributedtotheelectronsinthematerialwas10timessmallerthanthat
amountpredictedbytheWiedemann-FranzLaw.Thereasonforthisappearstobethesynchronisedway
thattheelectronsmovethroughthematerial.
….Interestingly,whentheresearchersmixedthevanadiumdioxidewithothermaterials,theycould'tune'theamountofbothelectricityandheatthatitcouldconduct-whichcouldbeincrediblyusefulforfuture
applications.Forexample,whentheresearchersaddedthemetaltungstentovanadiumdioxide,they
loweredthetemperatureatwhichthematerialbecamemetallic,andalsomadeitabetterheatconductor.
Thatmeansthatvanadiumdioxidecouldhelpdissipateheatfromasystem,byonlyconductingheatwhenit
hitsacertaintemperature.Beforethatitwouldbeaninsulator.Vanadiumdioxidealsohastheuniqueability
ofbeingtransparenttoaround30degreesCelsius,butthenreflectsinfraredlightabove60degreesCelsius
whileremainingtransparenttovisiblelight.
Sothatmeansitcouldevenbeusedasawindowcoatingthatreducesthetemperaturewithouttheneedfor
airconditioning."Thismaterialcouldbeusedtohelpstabilisetemperature,"saidoneoftheresearchers,
FanYang.
"Bytuningitsthermalconductivity,thematerialcanefficientlyandautomaticallydissipateheatinthehot
summerbecauseitwillhavehighthermalconductivity,butpreventheatlossinthecoldwinterbecauseof
itslowthermalconductivityatlowertemperatures."
Alotmoreresearchneedstobedoneonthispuzzlingmaterialbeforeit'scommercialisedfurther,butit's
prettyexcitingthatwenowknowthesebizarrepropertiesexistinamaterialatroomtemperature.
111.TheWiedemann-FranzLawexplains:
a)whatgoodconductorsofelectricityare b)howconductorswork
c)whymixersgethotwhenyouusethemalot d)howtoavoidoverheating
112.Vanadiumdioxideistransparent:
a)allthetime b)atlowtemperatures c)athightemperatures d)never
113.Theword“appliances”inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto:
a)applications b)engines
c)devices d)tools
114.Theword“novel”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto:
a)bizarre b)book-like c)different d)impractical
115.Theword“handful”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto:
a)alot b)toomuchtohandle c)fiveorsix d)afew
116.Theword“tune”inparagraph6isclosestinmeaningto:
a)adjust b)increase c)lower d)measure
117.Accordingtoparagraph5,electronsmovethroughthematerial:
a)randomly b)harmoniously c)haphazardly d)integratedly
118.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossibleuseforthematerial?
a)understandinghowsomeconductorswork b)keepingfoodwarm
c)keepingroomscoolinsummerd)preventingheatlossinwinter
119.Accordingtothearticle,
a)thematerialisverypractical. b)thematerialwillcostalot.
c)thematerialiscool. d)thematerialisreadytobeputonthemarket.
120.Theword“puzzling”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:
a)baffling b)explicable
c)fathomabled)interesting
Text3Whycardesignersstickwithclay:November2016adaptedfromanarticlefromtheBBCwebsitewrittenby
ByDavidKGibson.
HarleyEarl,legendaryvehiclestylistforGeneralMotorsfrom1927throughtheendofthe1950s,
revolutionizedthedesignofmass-producedautomobilesbythinkingofthecarasaworkofart—or,at
least,fashion—ratherthanapurelyutilitarianproduct.Oneofhismainweaponsinthatrevolutionwas
clay.Asculptedmodelhelpedhisclients(first,moviestarsandmillionaires,andlaterGMexecutives)
getafeelforaproposeddesigninawaythatsketchesanddiagramssimplycouldn’tcommunicate.
Butthatwasalongtimeago,andmodernautomotivedesignersnowhaveattheirdisposalcomputers,
specializeddesignsoftware,giantmonitors,large-scale3Dprinting,computerizedmillingprocesses,and
fancyvirtualrealitysetups.Yet,theautomotivedesigngodscontinuetotakehandsfulofclay,andbreathe
intothemthebreathoflife.
“Whyclay?”laughsJoeDehner,HeadofRamTruckandMoparDesignforFiatChrysler,“Iaskedthesame
questionwhenIgothere28yearsago,yetherewearedoingthesamething.Iexplainitasusinganerasable
pencilversuspermanentink,andclayletsyougobackandmakechanges.”
LloydVandenBrink,modellingmanageratFordTruckStudioinDearborn,Michigan,isabigbeliever,aswell.
“Clayhastwocharacteristicsthatmakeitgoodforuse.It’seasytochange—youjustaddit,ortakeitaway.
Itallowsyoutobecreativeandcomeupwithsomethingquickly.3Dprinting,ontheotherhand,isjustthat
—printing.”
“Secondly,it’sagreatcollaborativetool,”hecontinues.“Everyonecangetaroundit,brainstormingthree-
dimensionally.”
Thefirstthingtoknowaboutthismarvelousmediumisthatitisn’tactuallyclay.“Clayisdifferentwaxes
withsomefillerinit,”saysVandenBrink.“Thatusedtobesulfur,andmorerecentlysmallglassbeads,but
it’smostlywaxes.Honestly,it’shardtoknowexactlywhat’sinit,becausetheformulasareproprietary.”
Therearehalfadozencompaniesthatmakeplasticineclaysuitableforfull-scaledesignmodelling(afewcar
companiesmaketheirownblends),andtheydelivertheirproducttodesignshopsonflatbedtrucksbythe
pallet-load.Inatypicalyear,Fordgoesthroughabout100tonsofthestuff,formedintohard,extruded
cylindersabout3inchesindiameter.Whenadesignerisreadytobuild,alumpofitisheatedtoabout66°C
(150°F),andapplied.
Onethingthat’softenoverlookedaboutclaymodelsisthattheyaren’tsimplyoutput;claycanbeaninput
medium,aswell.TheperfectfendercurveorB-pillartransitionmaytakeshapewithafewflicksofthewrist
inclay,whiletryingtogetthatsamelevelofartistrythroughcomputerandstylusmighttakehours.And
onceit’sinclay,awholecarcanbescannedintoaCADprograminanhourandahalf.Youwon’tdothat
withastylus,oramouse,orafancy3Dheadset.
Ikeephearing,‘virtualrealityiscomingin,andisgoingtotakeawaythewholething.’Butweneedto
understandthatit’snotaneither-or,it’sahybridofallthedifferenttoolsweneedtogetwhereweneedto
go.
121.Thearticleisabout:
a) Thehistoryoftheautomotiveindustry
b) Thecontinueduseofaspecificmaterial
c) Howvirtualrealityhasrevolutionizedtheautomotiveindustry
d) Thedevelopmentofthehybridcar
122.FromthearticlewelearnthatHarleyEarlwas:
a) Acarownerb)Amoviestarc)AGMexecutived)Acardesigner
123.Accordingtothearticle,whichstatementisNOTimplied?
a) HarleyEarlintroducedtheideaofusingclaymodels
b) Heconsideredthecartobeapurelyutilitarianproductc) Hethoughtofthecarasaworkofartorfashion
d) Heneverusedsketchesanddrawings
124.Intheparagraphbeginning“Butthatwasalongtimeago…”
a) Welearnthattheautomotiveindustrynolongerusesclay
b) Clayisonlyusedbysomedesigners
c) Designersprefermodernequipment
d) Designersusemodernequipmentbutalsouseclay
125.Inthesameparagraph,theword“fancy”means:
a) sophisticatedb)specializedc)fantasyd)user-friendly
126.Accordingtothearticle,JoeDehner:
a) WorksforGMb)Usesinkinthedesignprocess
c)Sayshehasbeenusingclayformanyyearsd)NolongerworksforFiatChrysler
127.Accordingtothearticle,LloydVandenBrink:
a) Saysyoucanworkfastwithclayb)Usesamixtureof3Dprintingandclay
c)Onlyuses3Dprintingc)Saysitdoesnotworkasacollaborativetool
128.Theclayusedintheautomotiveindustry,accordingtotheauthor:
a) ispureandnotacompositematerialb)isamixtureofwaxesandfillers
c)isalwaysmadebytheautomotivefirmwhichusesitd)isheatedtoroomtemperaturebeforeuse
129.Theword“medium”intheparagraphbeginning“Onethingthat’softenoverlooked..”means:
a) middle-sizedb)averagec)aninterveningsubstanced)away
130.Asaconclusion,thearticlesays:
a) Clayistheonlymaterialwhichsuitstheautomotiveindustry’sdesigners
b) Althoughwehavesophisticatedmeansatourdisposal,claystillplaysanimportantpartinthedesign
process
c) Todesignhybridcars,designerspreferclay
d) VirtualrealitywilleventuallytakeoverandclaywillnotlongerbeneededText4Earth-LikeandNearby(LeeBillings-TheScientificAmericanAugust2016)
Itwasjustover20yearsagothatastronomers(131)______thefirstplanetsorbitingstarsotherthanour
sun.All(132)______newworldsweregas-shroudedgiantslikeJupiterorSaturnandutterlyinhospitableto
lifeasweknowit.Butforyearseachdiscoverywasdutifullyreportedasfront-pagenews,whilescientists
andthepublic(133)_____dreamedofadaywhenwewouldfindahabitableworld.AnEarth-likeplacewith
plentifulsurfacewater,neitherfrozennorvaporizedbutintheliquidstate(134)______essentialtolife.
Backthenthesafebetwastoguessthatthediscoveryofsuchaplanetwouldonlycomeaftermany
decades,andthatwhenapromisingnewworld’smistyshoresmaterializedontheothersideofour
telescopes,it(135)________toofarawayandfainttostudyinanydetail.
Evidentlythesafebetwaswrong.OnWednesdayastronomersmadethekindofannouncementthatcan
onlyoccuronceinhumanhistory:thediscoveryofthenearestpotentiallyhabitableworldbeyondoursolar
system.Thisworldmayberockylikeoursandwhirlsinatemperateorbitaroundthesun’scloseststellar
neighbor,thereddwarfstarProximaCentaurijustoverfourlight-yearsaway.Theirfindings(136)_________
inastudyinNature.
Althoughtechnicallystillconsidereda“candidate”planetawaitingverification,mostastronomersconsulted
forthisstorybelievetheworldtobethere.Scarcelymorethantheplanet’sorbitalperiodandapproximate
massareknown,butthatisenoughtosendshiversdownspines.ProximaCentaurishineswithonlyabouta
thousandthofoursun’sluminosity,meaning(137)______life-friendlyplanetswouldhavetohuddleclose.
Thenewfoundworld,christened“Proximab”byscientists,residesinan11.2-dayorbitwherewater—and
thusthekindoflifeweunderstand—couldconceivablyexist.Anditislikelytobelittlemorethanonethird
(138)_______Earth,suggestingitoffersasolidsurfaceonwhichseasandoceanscouldpool.Inafeatof
discoverythatcouldreshapethehistoryofscienceandhumandreamsofinterstellarfutures,ourspecies
hasuncoveredapotentiallyhabitableplanetrightnextdoor.
“Succeedinginthesearchforthenearestterrestrialplanet(139)______thesolarsystemhasbeenan
experienceofalifetime,andhasdrawnonthededicationandpassionofanumberofinternational
researchers,”saysthestudy’sleadauthorGuillemAnglada-Escude,anastronomeratQueenMaryUniversity
ofLondonwhospearheadedtheobservations.“Wehopethesefindingsinspirefuturegenerationstolook
beyondthestars.Thesearch(140)______lifeonProximabcomesnext.”
131.a)foundb)havefoundc)willfindd)find
132.a)thisb)thatc)themd)these
133.a)mustb)alikec)againd)had
134.a)suchb)soc)tood)very
135.a)wouldprovedb)provec)provedd)wouldprove
136.a)reportb)reportingc)arereportedd)arereporting
137.a)ab)anyc)somed)afew
138.a)moreheavythatb)heaviestthanc)heavierthatd)heavierthan
139.a)beyondb)overc)upd)under
140.a)ofb)forc)ond)at