Coastal NavigationCoastal Navigation, , Mike PyzelMike Pyzel

Chapters 1 & 2 Chapters 1 & 2

LatitudeLatitude

LongitudeLongitude

Mercator ProjectionMercator Projection

Other ProjectionsOther Projections

Chart ScalesChart Scales

Compass RoseCompass Rose

Magnetic VariationMagnetic Variation

T-V-M-D-CT-V-M-D-C

►TTrue rue north refers to the north geographic pole of the earth, essentially the axis of north refers to the north geographic pole of the earth, essentially the axis of

the earth’s rotationthe earth’s rotation

►VVariationariation the difference between true north and magnetic norththe difference between true north and magnetic north

►MMagnetic agnetic north refers to the north magnetic pole which is some distance away north refers to the north magnetic pole which is some distance away

from the north geographic pole and is constantly changingfrom the north geographic pole and is constantly changing

►DDeviationeviation the error between magnetic north and compass north and refers to the error between magnetic north and compass north and refers to

the inaccuracy of a particular compass on a particular boat on a particular headingthe inaccuracy of a particular compass on a particular boat on a particular heading

►CCompassompass the direction pointed by a particular compass on a particular boat on a the direction pointed by a particular compass on a particular boat on a

particular headingparticular heading

DeviationDeviation

Determine your Compass Determine your Compass DeviationDeviation

T-V-M-D-CT-V-M-D-C

Navigation ToolsNavigation Tools

► Steering compass with deviation tableSteering compass with deviation table►Hand bearing compass and/or pelorusHand bearing compass and/or pelorus► BinocularsBinoculars► Protractor or parallel rulesProtractor or parallel rules►Depth sounder or lead lineDepth sounder or lead line► Pencil, eraser and notebookPencil, eraser and notebook►DividersDividers►Watch or clockWatch or clock► Log / KnotmeterLog / Knotmeter► Simple CalculatorSimple Calculator

Hand Bearing CompassHand Bearing Compass

PelorusPelorus

Ploting a Latitude-Longitude Ploting a Latitude-Longitude PositionPosition

► Hold the parallel rules horizontally and accurately place them along an east-west Hold the parallel rules horizontally and accurately place them along an east-west line such as the bottom scale, which is parallel to the equator. Then press down line such as the bottom scale, which is parallel to the equator. Then press down firmly on the bottom rule and slide the top rule up the page; walk the rules up until firmly on the bottom rule and slide the top rule up the page; walk the rules up until the top rule aligns with the desired latitude. Draw a horizontal line; this is a line of the top rule aligns with the desired latitude. Draw a horizontal line; this is a line of latitude. Next, hold the parallel rules vertically and place them accurately along a latitude. Next, hold the parallel rules vertically and place them accurately along a north-south line such as the left hand scale;north-south line such as the left hand scale; press down firmly on the left rule and press down firmly on the left rule and slide the right rule to the right until it reaches the desired longitude. Draw a vertical slide the right rule to the right until it reaches the desired longitude. Draw a vertical line; this is a line of longitude.line; this is a line of longitude.

► Where these two lines intersect is the position fix, which should be marked with a Where these two lines intersect is the position fix, which should be marked with a circle and dot and the time.circle and dot and the time.

Ploting a Latitude-Longitude Ploting a Latitude-Longitude Position; Alternate MethodPosition; Alternate Method

► An alternate method for drawing An alternate method for drawing these lines using the dividers to these lines using the dividers to measure the distance from a measure the distance from a vertical reference line and vertical reference line and marking a small pencil tick with marking a small pencil tick with the dividers. Then use the the dividers. Then use the parallel rules, properly aligned, parallel rules, properly aligned, to draw a vertical longitude line. to draw a vertical longitude line. A similar procedure can be used A similar procedure can be used to draw the horizontal latitude to draw the horizontal latitude

line.line.

Lines of DirectionLines of Direction

► To draw a line of To draw a line of direction at a desired direction at a desired angle, lay the Parallel angle, lay the Parallel Rules through the Rules through the center marker of the center marker of the nearestnearest compass rose compass rose and through the desired and through the desired angle on either the True angle on either the True or Magnetic compass or Magnetic compass rose. Walk the Rules to rose. Walk the Rules to where you want the line where you want the line and draw it.and draw it.

Lines of Direction; Alternate Lines of Direction; Alternate MethodMethod

Publications Publications ► Coast Pilots: Coast Pilots: Published by NOAA giving similar details as noted in Published by NOAA giving similar details as noted in

cruising guides. However, they are slanted more toward shipping rather cruising guides. However, they are slanted more toward shipping rather than coastal cruisers, so some detail is omitted. Coast Pilots are an than coastal cruisers, so some detail is omitted. Coast Pilots are an authoritative resource for information on weather, currents and hazardous authoritative resource for information on weather, currents and hazardous conditions that exist in the coastal area. Coast Pilots come in several conditions that exist in the coastal area. Coast Pilots come in several volumes covering U.S. Waters only.volumes covering U.S. Waters only.

► Light List: Light List: This USCG Publication gives details on all navigational aids in This USCG Publication gives details on all navigational aids in US. Waters. Of particular value is the description of lights, fog signals and US. Waters. Of particular value is the description of lights, fog signals and radio beacons, including their characteristics. Five volumes cover U.S. radio beacons, including their characteristics. Five volumes cover U.S. Waters. They are updated annually. (www.navcen/uscg.gov/puhs/ Waters. They are updated annually. (www.navcen/uscg.gov/puhs/ LightLists/LightLists.htm). LightLists/LightLists.htm).

► Notice to Mariners: Notice to Mariners: Booklet published weekly containing corrections Booklet published weekly containing corrections which apply to all charts and publications produced by the U.S. which apply to all charts and publications produced by the U.S. Government. This informatjon will later he included in new editions of Government. This informatjon will later he included in new editions of each. (www.chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/rnccl/ Updates/index.htm)each. (www.chartmaker.ncd.noaa.gov/rnccl/ Updates/index.htm)

► Tide and Current Tables:Tide and Current Tables: Tidal Differences and other Constants, Tidal Differences and other Constants, Current Differences and other Constants, Indes to Stations (http://www.co-Current Differences and other Constants, Indes to Stations (http://www.co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/tide_pred.html, ops.nos.noaa.gov/tide_pred.html, http://www.co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/currents04/currpred.html)http://www.co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/currents04/currpred.html)