Coastal & Inland Tourism

7/28/2019 Coastal & Inland Tourism

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COASTAL AND INLAND WATER TOURISM


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Coastal & Inland Water Tourism

One of the most common types of tourism is coastal tourism. It is based

on a unique resource combination at the interface of land and sea offeringamenities such as water, beaches, scenic beauty, rich terrestrial and marine

biodiversity, diversified cultural and historic heritage, healthy food and,

usually,good infrastructure. It includes a diversity of activities that take place in

both coastal zones and coastal waters, which involve the development of tourism

capacities (hotels, resorts, second homes, restaurants, etc.) and support

infrastructure (ports, marinas, fishing and diving shops, and other facilities).

Besides physical conditions, the development of tourism in coastal areas is

related to socio-economic features of the receiving environment such as localcommunity interests, health and security conditions, political factors including

unpredictable crises, and traditional models of tourism.

The growth of tourism in coastal areas has reached its peak in recent decades.The

economic importance of coastal tourism is unquestionable, although there is no

analysis forecasting what would be the direct share of coastal tourism in the

tourism sector, or its likely contribution to the economy as a whole.

Main conceptual issues

The main conceptual issue of coastal tourism which needs to be solved is

the conflict between the benefits tourism provides for the economy as a whole

and for the social environment it is operating in, and its heavy impact on the

coastal physical environment in terms of urban sprawl, linear urbanisation,

pressure on sensitive areas, the production of waste and the fragmentation of

habitats, and the social environment, in terms of the loss of social and cultural

identity and values.

Usually the development of tourism activities in coastal areas is based on a

process where any planning or/and management decision is taken mainly

on the basis of financial criteria, while the environment is taken into account

only in a sense that can be described as trying to minimise effects given

the available budget. This process leads to the unsustainable development

of coastal areas which not only impacts negatively on the environment and


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society but, in the long term, is also eroding the economic benefits of tourism

since it destroys the basis of the tourism activity in coastal areas, namely the

variety of the landscape, the biodiversity and the ecosystem services - in the

sea and on land. The major challenge in this conflict remains how to develop

coastal tourism patterns that will not minimise benefits to tourists and localpopulations, and the quality of the natural resource base for tourism.

In order to minimise tourism-induced problems and secure both the

sustainability of the tourism industry and coastal resources used by other

sectors, increased attention must be paid to the integration of coastal tourism

into strategic development planning. In planning tourism development, it is of

the utmost importance to focus on the appropriate planning of tourism growth

with regard to the capacity of local systems.

Tourism in coastal areas

Coastal tourism was generally related to the therapeutic properties ofsea and sun.Sun, sea and sand have continued to provide the main ingredients for

coastal tourism until today

Coastal tourism is based on a unique resource combination at the interface

of land and sea offering amenities such as water, beaches, scenic beauty, rich

terrestrial and marine biodiversity, diversified cultural and historic heritage,

healthy food and good infrastructure. It includes a diversity of activities

that take place in both coastal zone and coastal waters, which involve the

development of tourism capacities (hotels, resorts, second homes, restaurants,

etc.) and support infrastructure (ports, marinas, fishing and diving shops, and

other facilities).

Coastal recreation activities, which have been increasing both in volume

and in number during the last decade, occupy a unique place in coastal tourism.

They take in two main types of recreational uses of coastal zones: consumptive

and non-consumptive ones. Activities such as fishing, shell fishing and shell

collection, etc. belong in the first category while activities in the second include


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swimming, diving, boating, surfing, wind-surfing, jet skiing, bird watching,

snorkelling, etc.

The main impacts and challengesAll tourism forms and activities rely on the use of environmental resources.

Even if it is considered as a soft industry, tourism has a major environmental

impact in many coastal areas, which are particularly vulnerable to pressures

associated with its growth. The relationship existing between tourism and

environment is best qualified as a relation of mutual dependence: not only

tourism is highly dependent on environmental quality but environmental quality

is also highly vulnerable to tourism development.

Global issues and coastal tourismTourism development is usually one of the most important factors of

socioeconomic and environmental change. Even though such changes could lead

to negative environmental impacts such as biodiversity loss, they do not

necessarily have to be undesirable ones since they can help maintain the

vitality of societies. In some coastal areas, tourism can be the most important

activity, generating economic benefits and therefore contributing to poverty

alleviation.

Tourism is a global activity, bringing different cultures and customs

together, and also sharing the same global changes. Changes in climate are

the most serious ones, affecting the entire globe. Tourism, being mainly a

coastal venture, is particularly vulnerable to such change. Careful planning

and decision-making in tourism development is therefore extremely importantfor preventing and mitigating the possible negative influence global climate

change may pose to the local community.


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The importance of coastal environment

Sri Lanka's coastline is about 1700 km long. Along the coast is a varietyof eco-systems, which include sandy beaches, rocky shores, lagoons,

estuaries, mangroves, salt marshes and sand dunes. In the shallowwaters of the coastline are found sea-grass beds and coral reefs.

Coral reefs and their resources are important for the fisheries industry,tourism industries and coast protection. Fisheries and tourism industries

also provide employment to many. Estuaries and lagoons support fishing

activities and they are used as anchorages for fishing boats.

There are 14 true mangroves and there are 12 associated species in SriLanka. Very beautiful coral reefs are located in places such as

Hikkaduwa, Pasikudah, Trinco and Kalpitiya.

Coastal resources like coral reefs, sand dunes and mangroves areimportant to prevent coastal erosion. Degradation of these resources

severely affect the coastal areas. Mangrove habitats are located within

the lagoons and estuaries. For example, Madutank, Puttalam lagoon etc.

We should protect coastal resources for our next generation

Lagoon Mangrove

Sandy Beach Sand Dune

Coastal and Environment Development

Coastal Environments are under very high population pressure

due to the rapid urbanization processes. More than half of todays world

population live in coastal areas(within 60km from the sea) and this number is on

rise.


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Additionally, among all different parts of the planet, coastal

areas are those which are most visited by tourists and in many coastal areas

tourism presents the most important economic activity. In the mediterannean

region for example, tourism is the first economic activity for islands like

cyprus,Malta,the Belearic Islands and sicily.

Forecast studies carried out by WTO estimate that international

tourist arrivals to the Mediterranean coast will amount to 270 millions in 2010

and to 346 millons 2020(in 2000 around 200 million foreign visitors per year).

Daglas Devananda, Minister of Traditional Industries and Small Enterprise

Development, addressing the graduate trainees absorbed to the State service at

the Coastal Environment Protection Programme held at Jaffna district secretariat

recently said that the sea weed farming project covering the entire coastal area of

Jaffna peninsula that was launched was of extreme significance towards the

protection of sea resources as well as the expansion of fishing activities in the

area.Speaking further, the Minister said that the project initially would cover 292

km of the Northern coast and was a step in the right direction taken to protect

and conserve the Northern coast which was under constant threat due to

destruction of mangrove vegetation, coral reef and other natural resources

preventing sea erosion. He also said had such a step not been taken

consequences would prove to be disastrous to fishing; the main livelihood of the

inhabitants in these areas as well as to the beauty and splendour of the vast

stretches of golden sea beaches in the North. The Minister requested the

trainees to extend their full support to the Divisional Secretaries in implementing

the coastal protection programme.


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Coastal conservation department

MissionConservation of the Coastal Zone and Management of Sustainable Coastal

Resources.

VisionSri Lanka to achieve prominency as a country with the sustainable management of

coastal resources in the Asian Region.

The combating Coastal Erosion dates back to many centuries and Coast Protection

works were handled by various departments at various times prior to 1963. The

realization of the government, that a comprehensive approach to coastal erosion

control is required, led to establishment of a Coast Protection Unit in the

Colombo Port Commission in 1963. In 1978, the Coast Protection Unit was

transferred to Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (MFAR) and was

functioned as Coast Conservation Division.

The Coast Conservation Act required having a survey of the Coastal Zone and

preparation of a Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP). The CZMP, prepared by

the CCD, was adopted by the Government and implemented as the Coastal Zone

Management Plan 1990. A Resource Management strategy for Sri Lankas coastal

region, Coastal 2000, which provided the direction for Coastal Resources

Management of Sri Lanka, was prepared in1992. The second revised CZMP was

implemented since 1997. The last revision of the CZMP was done in 2004 and is

being implemented.


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Objectives

Coastal regions are home to a large and growing population in Sri Lanka.

The high concentration of population have produced many economic benefits

from the coastal resources, in particular from fishing, tourism, and maritime

activities, while having improved transportation links, developed industrial and

urban centers, and modified physical nature in the coastal zone. Eventually the

increasing beneficiaries cause for degrading the Natural Coastal Environment.

Hence Engineering and Management of Coastal Zone is vital for the sustainability

of Coastal Resources.

Specifically Coastal Conservation Departmentsobjectives are :-

Improve the status of coastal environment Develop and manage the shoreline Improve the living standards of coastal communities Promote and facilitate economic development based upon coastal

resources

Marine Environment Protection Authority (MEPA)

An act to provide for the prevention, control and reduction of pollution in

the territorial waters of Sri Lanka or any other maritime zone, its fore-shore and

the coastal zone of Sri Lanka and for matters connected therewith or incidental

thereto.

Marine Pollution Prevention Act, No.35 of 2008


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Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DFAR)

An act to provide for the Management, Regulation, Conservation and

development of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources in Sri Lanka; to repeal the

Fisheries Ordinance (Chapter 212), the Chank Fisheries Act (Chapter 213), thePearl Fisheries Ordinance (Chapter 214) and the Whaling Ordinance (Chapter

215); and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act, No. 2 of 1996 and Act, No. 4 of 2004

(Amendment)

National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka (NAQDA)

An act to provide for the establishment of the National Aquaculture Development Authority ofSri Lanka, to develop aquatic resources and the aquaculture industry: and to make provision for

matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

National Aquaculture Development Authority of Sri Lanka Act, No.53 of 1998 and Act, No.

23 of 2006 (Amendment)

Central Environmental Authority (CEA)

The Central Environmental Authority (CEA) was established in August 1981

under the provision of the National Environmental Act No:47 of 1980. TheMinistry of Environment and Natural Resources (ME&NR) which was established

in December 2001 has the overall responsibility in the affairs of the CEA with the

objective of integrating environmental considerations in the development process

of the country. The CEA was given wider regulatory powers under the National

Environment (Amendment) Acts No:56 of 1988 and No:53 of 2000.

Vision :

A clean and green environment through service excellence

Mission :

Flagship of the nation steering towards protecting & managing the quality of

the environment by promoting public participation, enforcement, advanced

technological interventions & environmental education.


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Central Environmental Authoritys Services

The Central Environmental Authority has a well equipped Laboratory which is

capable of carrying out an extensive tests in water quality, air quality, noise

and vibrations measurements. During last two decades, our services wererestricted only for official environmental regulatory purposes. But now we

have extended our analytical testing facilities under commercial basis for those

who need water, air, noise, soil and solid waste testing facilities. As a service

oriented testing facilities provider, we offer you the competitive rates in

environmental monitoring and analysis.

Marine Fishing and Aquaculture Development

40% of Sri Lankas coastline lies in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. The

province has immense potential for fisheries and marine aquaculture. Marine

and lagoon-based fishery industry will have to be modernized and re-equipped

to enable the population to benefit from the rich and underutilized marine

resources. New aquaculture-based industries could be established to elevate

productivity and offer more livelihood options to the people of the

NorthernProvince.

In order to develop marine fisheries and coastal zone on a sustainable basis,

the fishery potential, looming threats and important conservation areas (such

as sea grass beds and coral reefs) should be surveyed and mapped. It is

imperative that exploitation of the resources is done within the limits of

sustainability with adequate emphasis on conservation and protection for

future useage.


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IN-PLANT TRAINING

In our training period we were visit some places to learnt

about their functions and main activities.

Such as :-

Coastal conservation departmentNational Institute of Fisheries and Nautical Engineering (Ocean University

Jaffna)

Net factory Boat factory Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Ice factory Sea food factory.

National Institute of Fisheries and Nautical Engineering(Ocean University Jaffna)

The Ocean University is not just another University. Our aim is to develop it as a

community-oriented University. The fishing community and people who earn

their livelihood from the sea will be the direct beneficiaries. The development of

the port sector is bound to create more job opportunities.

The university has already commenced degree programs on Navigation,

International Transport Management, Harbour Management, Coastal Zone

Management and Diploma programs on Marine Engineering Technology,

Fibreglass Technology, Computer Science, Certificate courses in Underwater

Welding Technology, out board Motor Engine Repair and Maintenance, Marine

Engine Technology, Swimming, Life Saving, Scuba Diving, and Fishing Gear

Technology. The BSc degree programs are on Fisheries and Marine Science,

Marine Engineering and Naval Architecture.


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The Ocean University - the National Institute of Fisheries and Nautical

Engineering was setup in 1999 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa the then Minister

of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources.

Main Coastal Habitats in Sri Lanka Coral Reefs Sand Dunes Lagoon sand Estuaries Sea Grass Beds Salt Marshes Mangroves Barrier Beaches, Spit sand Dunes

Coastal Problems in Sri Lanka

Coastal Erosion Habitats Degradation Costal Pollution Lack of Beach Access Coral Mining and Sand Mining Improper Constructions

Net factory

North Sea Limited

North Sea Ltd, located factory in Jaffna was established in June 2001

under Companies Act No: 17 of 1982 and re-registered new Company

Act No: 7 of 2007.

This Institution was assigned to Ministry of Traditional Industries &

Small Enterprise Development by the extra ordinary gazette notification

No.1651/20 dated 30th April 2010.


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Ice factoryClassification of ice plants

The term ice plant is used in this note to mean a complete installation for

the production and storage of ice, including the icemaker itself, that is the unit

that converts water into ice together with the associated refrigeration

machinery, harvesting and storage equipment, and the building.

Ice plants are usually classified by the type of ice they produce; hence there

are block ice plants, flake ice plants, tube, slice or plate ice plants and so on.

Ice plants may be further subdivided into those that make dry or wet ice. Dry

ice here means ice at a temperature low enough to prevent the particles

becoming moist; the term does not refer in this note to solid carbon dioxide. In

general, dry subcooled ice is made in plants that mechanically remove the ice

from the cooling surface; most flake ice plants are of this type. When the

cooling surface of an icemaker is warmed by a defrost mechanism to release

the ice, the surface of the ice is wet and, unless the ice is then subcooled

below 0C, remains wet in storage; tube ice and plate ice plants are of this

type.

Types of icemaker

Block ice Rapid block ice Flake ice Tube ice

Thank You


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Coastal & Inland Tourism

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