COAL CONCEPTS PROFICIENCY TESTING GENERAL ......E-MAIL: [email protected] l...
Transcript of COAL CONCEPTS PROFICIENCY TESTING GENERAL ......E-MAIL: [email protected] l...
Page 1 of 22
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COAL CONCEPTS PROFICIENCY TESTING
GENERAL ANALYSIS SAMPLE
REPORT – ONE HUNDRED
Revision 00
Final report
DATE ISSUED: 29 FEBRUARY 2020
PARTICIPANT
SCHEME COORDINATOR: K MUNSAMY
SIGNATURE: _____________________
CHECKED BY: R BABOOLAL (SCHEME MANAGER)
Disclaimer: Opinions and interpretations expressed herein are outside the scope of SANAS accreditation *Moisture in the analysis sample is not included in the SANAS schedule of accreditation as robust statistics cannot be applied.
Chlorine, Fluorine, Quick ash, ASTM ash and ASTM Volatiles is not included in the scope of accreditation.
THINKING QUALITY, QUALITY THINKING
REGISTRATION NUMBER: 2006/149731/23 (RMB INDUSTRIAL STATIONERS cc t/a)
81 CERAMIC CURVE, ALTON, RICHARDS BAY 3900 l TEL: +27(0)35 751 2446 l CEL: +27(0)83 6500151 l FAX: 0862605793
E-MAIL: [email protected] l [email protected]
LABORATORY CODE:
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. One hundred and ten samples were sent to participants with 100 timeous result submissions
2. The total number of outliers found were as follows (dry base):
• ISO Ash x 1
• Quick ash x 2
• ISO Volatile matter x 11
• Calorific value x 3
• Total sulphur x 1
• Phosphorous x 2
• Nitrogen x 1
3. Chlorine, Fluorine, ASTM Ash & ASTM Volatile Matter participants were insufficient to warrant robust statistical calculations.
4. Trending for your laboratory is as follows:
Page 3 of 22
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ITEM
PAGE NUMBER
Letter to participant
4
List of participants
5
Type of sample used
6
Preparation of sample
6
Homogeneity check
6
Stability check
7
ISO Ash data
8
ISO Ash z-score trend
9
Quick Ash data 10
Quick Ash trend 11
ISO Volatile matter data
12
ISO Volatile matter z-score trend
13
Calorific value data
14
Calorific value z-score trend
15
Total sulphur data
16
Total sulphur z-score trend
17
Phosphorous data and Z-Score trend
18
Carbon data / Hydrogen data / Nitrogen data
19
AFT data and z-scores
20
ASTM Ash and ASTM Volatile matter, Chlorine & Fluorine 20
Conclusion
21
Terms & Conditions 22
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Dear Participant
RE: PROFICIENCY TESTING RESULTS FOR THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 2020 Thank you for your participation in the Coal Concepts proficiency testing scheme.
Your laboratory code is
All results are totally confidential. Any results in Bold, Italics and Underlined are outliers. Where applicable, the most
extreme outliers have been eliminated from calculations using the Grubbs estimate for outliers. Robust statistics has
been applied where possible. Analysis results have been reported on air dry and dry base. The dry base results have
been used to calculate the z-scores.
Please take note of the following:
1. Z-scores between -1 and +1 is deemed acceptable
2. Z-scores between -2 and -3 should serve as a warning that the analysis result could get worse
3. Z-scores between +2 and +3 should also serve as a warning that analysis results could get worse.
4. Z- scores lower than -3 and exceeding +3 should warrant an investigation
5. Compare your result to the robust average which will be the assigned value. The measurement of uncertainty (UoM)
of the results is also stated.
6. All calculations can be made available upon request
The Coal Concepts scheme adheres to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17043:2010 – Conformity assessment – General
requirements for proficiency testing.
Statistical analysis has been carried out using ISO/IEC 13528:2015-Statistical methods for use in proficiency testing by
interlaboratory comparisons
Please find results attached together with Z-score trends.
Best Regards
R Baboolal
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER
Arcelor Mittal - Vanderbijl Park Arcelor Mittal - Newcastle
Anglo SOC - Goedehoop Colliery South Plant Anglo SOC - Goedehoop Colliery North Plant
Anglo SOC - Kleinkopje Colliery Anglo SOC - Greenside Colliery
Afrisam - Dudfield Alfred H Knight -Richards Bay Laboratory
Afrisam - Ulco AquaSpecto
Botswana Power Corporation - Morupule B Power Station Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Middelburg
Bureau Veritas – Moatize, Vale Bureau Veritas - Nacala
Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Tendele Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Beira
Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Alton Bureau Veritas Testing & Inspection SA - Pretoria
Bureau Veritas Inspectorate Laboratories - Belfast Cotecna South Africa - Nasonti
Cotecna South Africa - Lurco Cotecna South Africa - Phola
Cotecna South Africa – Tselentis Cotecna South Africa - Kangala
Cotecna South Africa - Middelburg Cotecna Ubumbene(Pty)Ltd - Umlabu
- Umlabu Cotecna South Africa - Mimosa Cotecna South Africa - VDD
Cotecna South Africa - Droogvallei Cotecna South Africa - AMR
Delmas Coal Eyethu Coal Mooifontein
Eyethu Coal Wilge Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Matimba Power Station
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Kendal Power station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Duvha Power Station
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Lethabo Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Komati Power Station
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Tutuka Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Grootvlei Power Station
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - ERID Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Kriel Power Station
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Hendrina Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Majuba Power Station
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Arnot Power Station Exxaro Resources - Grootegeluk Mine
Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd - Matla Power Station Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd – Medupi Power Station
Exxaro Resources - Matla Mine G&W Base & Industrial Minerals
Glencore Wonderkop Glencore -Rustenburg Smelter
Glencore Boshoek Smelter Glencore -Lydenburg Smelter
Glencore Lion Smelter Hwange Colliery – Zimbabwe
HighVeld Laboratories Idwala Lime
Intertek Mozambique Kangra Coal (Pty) Ltd
Jindal Mining SA Pty Ltd – Kiepersol Colliery Mpumamanzi Group CC
Khwezela Colliery - Landau Mafube Colliery Mine PTY (Ltd)
Lafarge Industries SA (Pty) Ltd - Lichtenburg Mitra SK South Africa (PTY) Ltd
Morupule Coal Mine - Botswana Noko Analytical Services CC - Welgemeend
Msobo Coal PTY Ltd Noko Analytical Services CC - Twistdraai
M L Coal PTY Ltd Quality Ensure Eastside Laboratory
Noko Analytical Services CC - Hakahno Ronewa Lab Middelburg
Noko Analytical Services CC - Witbank Ronewa Lab Ubuntu
Richards Bay Minerals Seriti - New Vaal Colliery
RSA Labs Siza Coal Services - Vlakfontein
Seriti - Kriel Colliery Siza Coal Services - Kinross
Siza Coal Services - Wescoal Siza Coal Services - NCC
Siza Coal Services - Botswana Siza Coal Services - Mooiplaats
Siza Coal Services - Middelburg Siza Coal Services - Sasolburg
Siza Coal Services - Carolina South 32 – Khutala Colliery
Siza Coal Services - Wildfontein Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC - West Coal Processing
Siza Coal Services - Umlalazi Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC – Mzimkhulu
Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC - Vaalbult SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Richards bay
Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Secunda
Sibonisiwe Coal Laboratory Services CC – Elandsfontein SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Springlake
SABS Commercial SOC Ltd CSIR UIS Analytical Services
SABS Commercial SOC Ltd Uitkomst Umzamo Analytical Services - Witbank
SPTE Lab - Middelburg Umzamo Analytical Services - Sudor
Tata Steel – Wales Lab, Europe Zululand Anthracite Colliery
Umzamo Analytical Services - Overlooked Colliery
Umzamo Analytical Services - Doornrug
Vitrovian Analytical Services DELMAS
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1. TYPE OF SAMPLE USED
The coal used in this proficiency testing round was bituminous coal
2. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
Approximately 1000kg’s of sample with an approximate topsize of 50mm was sourced. This was crushed to -
4mm using a jaw crusher. The -4mm material was reduced to -212um using a cross beat pulveriser. The 212
material was sieved using a 212um screen. Any +212um material was pulverised and sieved until all material
passed through the 212 um sieve.
All the -212um material was then mixed in a mixing drum for 4 hours.
3. HOMOGENEITY CHECK
There were 110 participants in this round, 10 portions of sample were randomly extracted. These were
packaged in their final form i.e. in 200ml sample bottles. The bottles were labelled 1 to 10. The results were as
follows:
SAMPLE NO. TEST PORTION 1 TEST
PORTION 2 sample av (Xt) range (Wt) range sqd
1 28.40 28.34 28.37 0.06 0.0036
2 28.41 28.32 28.37 0.09 0.0081
3 28.40 28.17 28.29 0.23 0.0529
4 28.36 28.27 28.32 0.09 0.0081
5 28.25 28.45 28.35 0.20 0.0400
6 28.40 28.31 28.36 0.09 0.0081
7 28.28 28.21 28.25 0.07 0.0049
8 28.35 28.29 28.32 0.06 0.0036
9 28.22 28.25 28.24 0.03 0.0009
10 28.26 28.30 28.28 0.04 0.0016
GENERAL AVERAGE 28.31 STANDARD DEVIATION 0.049 WITHIN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0.081
BETWEEN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0.030
The between sample standard deviation must be ≤ 0.3 x ơ
(ơ = std deviation for the proficiency assessment)
Ơ = 2% of the mean was used, which is the repeatability for ISO ash (Ash % > 10%)
Hence 0.3 x 0.566 = 0.170
Since 0.030 < 0.170, the samples are homogenous
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4. STABILITY CHECK Samples were retained for sales as reference material. Ten of them were randomly chosen for stability testing.
In order for the proficiency testing samples to be declared stable the general average from the homogeneity
check and that of the stability check the difference in the general average should not differ by more than 0.3 X
precision.
This test has been carried out about a month after the samples were received by the participating laboratories
SAMPLE NO. TEST PORTION 1 TEST
PORTION 2 sample av (Xt) range (Wt) range sqd
1 28.19 28.27 28.23 0.08 0.0064
2 28.24 28.34 28.29 0.10 0.0100
3 28.28 28.38 28.33 0.10 0.0100
4 28.39 28.31 28.35 0.08 0.0064
5 28.27 28.25 28.26 0.02 0.0004
6 28.25 28.35 28.30 0.10 0.0100
7 28.23 28.26 28.25 0.03 0.0009
8 28.30 28.30 28.30 0.00 0.0000
9 28.34 28.29 28.32 0.05 0.0025
10 28.33 28.26 28.30 0.07 0.0049
GENERAL AVERAGE 28.29 STANDARD DEVIATION 0.037 WITHIN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0.051
BETWEEN SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION 0.010
(Ơ = 0.566 was used)
For this report 0.3 x 0.566 = 0.170
Absolute value of (28.29– 28.31) = 0.030
Since 0.030 < 0.170 the proficiency testing samples were stable
Page 8 of 22
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ISO ASH (%)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%) Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 28.50 29.71 1.16
6a 4.08 28.23 29.43 0.15
7a 3.53 28.32 29.36 -0.12
9a 4.47 28.06 29.37 -0.06
10a 3.70 28.40 29.49 0.37
12a 4.80 28.10 29.52 0.46
13a 4.10 27.90 29.09 -1.07
15a 3.97 28.18 29.34 -0.16
18a 3.56 28.39 29.44 0.18
21a 3.58 28.40 29.45 0.24
23a 3.78 28.39 29.51 0.42
24a 4.01 28.37 29.56 0.60
28a 3.43 28.70 29.72 1.20
30a 3.82 28.07 29.18 -0.74
32a 3.40 28.60 29.61 0.79
33a 4.00 28.40 29.58 0.71
35a 4.70 28.50 29.91 1.87
36a 4.10 28.20 29.41 0.06
37a 4.35 28.10 29.38 -0.04
38a 3.71 27.58 28.64 -2.70
42a 4.25 28.27 29.52 0.49
43a 3.90 28.30 29.45 0.22
49a 4.60 28.23 29.59 0.73
58a 3.90 28.20 29.34 -0.16
59a 3.65 28.67 29.76 1.33
60a 4.23 28.19 29.44 0.17
61a 4.10 28.30 29.51 0.44
66a 3.90 28.30 29.45 0.22
71a 3.80 28.00 29.11 -1.02
72a 4.40 28.32 29.62 0.85
74a 3.60 28.28 29.34 -0.19
76a 3.43 28.27 29.27 -0.41
78a 2.69 27.73 28.50 -3.23
79a 4.35 28.30 29.59 0.72
80a 3.30 28.50 29.47 0.30
82a 3.30 27.81 28.76 -2.28
83a 3.30 28.60 29.58 0.68
88a 4.38 28.20 29.49 0.37
91a 3.70 27.70 28.76 -2.26
92a 4.49 28.42 29.76 1.33
95a 3.75 28.00 29.09 -1.08
96a 3.99 28.52 29.71 1.15
97a 3.90 28.39 29.54 0.56
99a 4.30 28.20 29.47 0.28
100a 3.89 28.34 29.49 0.36
101a 4.12 28.32 29.54 0.54
105a 3.80 28.30 29.42 0.11
106a 4.26 27.95 29.19 -0.71
110a 3.78 28.55 29.67 1.03
112a 3.70 28.40 29.49 0.37
117a 4.18 28.55 29.80 1.47
124a 4.28 28.22 29.48 0.34
135a 2.96 28.45 29.32 -0.26
143a 3.34 28.22 29.20 -0.70
145a 4.49 28.20 29.53 0.50
151a 3.96 28.64 29.82 1.57
161a 3.90 28.10 29.24 -0.54
162a 3.98 28.20 29.37 -0.07
166a 4.33 27.85 29.11 -1.01
167a 3.90 28.40 29.55 0.59
169a 4.06 28.50 29.71 1.15
170a 3.90 28.20 29.34 -0.16
171a 2.93 26.55 27.35 -7.38
173a 3.71 27.60 28.66 -2.63
177a 3.51 28.40 29.43 0.16
179a 3.90 28.30 29.45 0.22
180a 3.33 28.33 29.31 -0.30
184a 4.60 27.98 29.33 -0.22
190a 3.70 28.00 29.08 -1.13
191a 3.80 28.00 29.11 -1.02
192a 3.50 28.00 29.02 -1.35
195a 3.96 27.94 29.09 -1.07
197a 3.75 28.10 29.19 -0.70
198a 3.20 28.55 29.49 0.38
200a 4.02 28.35 29.54 0.54
Number of results - 75 75 75 -
OUTLIERS - - 1 1 -
AVERAGE - 3.90 28.24 29.39 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.24 0.28 -
MEDIAN 28.29 29.45
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 28.25 29.39 -
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0.27 0.29 -
UoM 0.04 0.04
Page 9 of 22
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
Z-SC
OR
E
LABORATORY ID
ISO ASH Z-SCORE TREND
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COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : QUICK ASH (%)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%)
Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
8a 3.70 28.40 29.49 0.65
21a 3.58 27.93 28.97 -1.32
22a 3.18 27.41 28.31 -3.80
23a 3.78 28.07 29.17 -0.55
24a 4.01 28.19 29.37 0.19
35a 4.70 27.90 29.28 -0.16
36a 4.10 28.40 29.61 1.12
37a 4.35 28.18 29.46 0.54
39a 3.73 28.20 29.29 -0.10
41a 3.90 28.10 29.24 -0.29
49a 4.60 28.14 29.50 0.67
50a 3.85 27.86 28.98 -1.29
59a 3.65 28.12 29.19 -0.50
73a 4.08 27.91 29.10 -0.83
74a 3.60 27.88 28.92 -1.50
77a 4.10 28.10 29.30 -0.06
84a 5.09 28.41 29.93 2.32
92a 4.49 28.24 29.57 0.94
94a 4.13 28.01 29.22 -0.38
98a 2.83 27.07 27.86 -5.51
100a 3.89 28.40 29.55 0.87
101a 4.12 28.40 29.62 1.14
102a 3.30 27.90 28.85 -1.76
105a 3.80 28.30 29.42 0.38
130a 3.10 28.20 29.10 -0.82
133a 3.93 28.30 29.46 0.53
140a 2.09 27.98 28.58 -2.80
143a 3.34 28.13 29.10 -0.82
145a 4.49 28.00 29.32 0.0
147a 3.80 28.26 29.38 0.22
153a 3.81 28.00 29.11 -0.79
160a 3.81 28.30 29.42 0.39
161a 3.90 28.20 29.34 0.10
162a 3.98 28.19 29.36 0.15
163a 3.90 28.50 29.66 1.28
164a 3.81 28.50 29.63 1.17
169a 4.06 28.30 29.50 0.68
176a 3.90 28.40 29.55 0.88
178a 4.15 28.05 29.26 -0.2
179a 3.90 28.30 29.45 0.5
181a 3.30 28.50 29.47 0.58
182a 3.70 28.40 29.49 0.65
183a 2.90 28.70 29.56 0.90
184a 4.60 28.00 29.35 0.12
185a 3.98 28.27 29.44 0.47
187a 3.70 27.93 29.00 -1.19
188a 3.65 28.10 29.16 -0.58
189a 2.13 28.10 28.71 -2.29
190a 3.70 28.10 29.18 -0.52
191a 3.80 27.90 29.00 -1.19
192a 3.50 28.40 29.43 0.42
198a 3.20 28.46 29.40 0.31
199a 4.01 28.60 29.79 1.80
Number of results - 53 53 53 -
OUTLIERS - - 2 2 -
AVERAGE - 3.78 28.20 29.32 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.21 0.27 -
MEDIAN 28.19 29.36
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 28.19 29.32 -
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0.23 0.27 -
UoM 0.04 0.05
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-3.00
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-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
Z-SC
OR
E
LABORATORY ID
QUICK ASH Z-SCORE TREND
Page 12 of 22 COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ISO VOLATILE MATTER (%)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 17.34 18.08 -0.86
6a 4.08 17.10 17.83 -1.51
7a 3.53 15.28 15.84 -6.71
8a 3.70 17.00 17.65 -1.96
9a 4.47 17.58 18.40 -0.02
10a 3.70 17.80 18.48 0.20
12a 4.80 21.70 22.79 11.46
13a 4.10 17.80 18.56 0.41
15a 3.97 17.32 18.04 -0.97
18a 3.86 18.00 18.72 0.83
21a 3.58 17.23 17.87 -1.40
22a 3.18 18.24 18.84 1.13
23a 3.78 17.92 18.62 0.57
24a 4.01 17.58 18.31 -0.24
28a 3.43 17.60 18.23 -0.47
30a 3.82 17.75 18.45 0.13
32a 3.40 18.30 18.94 1.41
33a 4.00 17.60 18.33 -0.19
35a 4.70 16.87 17.70 -1.84
36a 4.10 17.20 17.94 -1.23
37a 4.35 17.60 18.40 -0.01
38a 3.71 17.82 18.51 0.26
39a 3.73 18.18 18.88 1.24
41a 3.90 18.10 18.83 1.12
42a 4.25 17.74 18.53 0.32
43a 3.90 20.90 21.75 8.73
49a 4.60 17.60 18.45 0.11
50a 3.85 24.32 25.29 17.98
58a 3.90 18.10 18.83 1.12
59a 3.65 17.82 18.50 0.23
60a 4.23 17.35 18.12 -0.76
61a 4.10 17.70 18.46 0.13
66a 3.90 18.00 18.73 0.85
71a 3.80 18.40 19.13 1.88
72a 4.40 16.02 16.76 -4.30
73a 4.08 13.76 14.35 -10.60
74a 3.60 18.07 18.74 0.89
76a 3.43 17.47 18.09 -0.82
77a 4.10 18.20 18.98 1.49
78a 2.69 18.20 18.70 0.78
79a 4.35 17.29 18.08 -0.86
80a 3.30 18.00 18.61 0.54
82a 3.30 17.75 18.36 -0.13
83a 3.30 18.20 18.82 1.08
88a 4.38 17.68 18.49 0.22
91a 3.70 18.10 18.80 1.02
92a 4.49 16.79 17.57 -2.17
94a 4.13 14.63 15.26 -8.21
95a 3.75 17.45 18.13 -0.72
96a 3.99 17.73 18.47 0.16
97a 3.90 17.56 18.27 -0.35
98a 2.83 20.06 20.64 5.84
99a 4.30 17.50 18.29 -0.31
100a 3.89 17.44 18.15 -0.68
101a 4.12 17.29 18.03 -0.97
102a 3.30 17.60 18.20 -0.54
105a 3.80 17.60 18.30 -0.29
106a 4.26 17.74 18.53 0.32
110a 3.78 17.66 18.35 -0.14
112a 3.70 17.80 18.48 0.20
117a 4.18 17.40 18.16 -0.64
124a 4.28 16.94 17.70 -1.85
130a 3.10 18.00 18.58 0.44
133a 3.93 17.75 18.48 0.18
135a 2.96 18.19 18.74 0.89
140a 2.09 19.77 20.19 4.66
143a 3.34 17.69 18.30 -0.27
145a 4.49 17.70 18.53 0.33
147a 3.80 17.50 18.19 -0.56
151a 3.96 17.65 18.38 -0.07
161a 3.90 17.40 18.11 -0.78
162a 3.98 26.15 27.23 23.05
166a 4.33 17.53 18.32 -0.21
167a 3.90 17.90 18.63 0.58
169a 4.06 17.40 18.14 -0.70
170a 3.90 17.60 18.31 -0.24
173a 3.71 18.06 18.76 0.91
179a 3.90 16.80 17.48 -2.41
180a 3.33 17.70 18.31 -0.25
181a 3.30 18.90 19.54 2.97
182a 3.70 17.40 18.07 -0.88
183a 2.90 18.20 18.74 0.88 1
184a 4.60 17.80 18.66 0.66
187a 3.70 18.70 19.42 2.64
188a 3.65 17.50 18.16 -0.63
189a 2.13 19.66 20.09 4.39
190a 3.70 17.40 18.07 -0.88
191a 3.80 17.20 17.88 -1.37
192a 3.50 17.60 18.24 -0.44
195a 3.96 18.07 18.82 1.07
197a 3.75 17.40 18.08 -0.86
198a 3.20 18.00 18.60 0.49
199a 4.01 18.00 18.75 0.90
200a 4.02 17.99 18.74 0.88
NUMBER OF RESULTS - 94 94 94 -
OUTLIERS - - 11 11 -
AVERAGE - 3.81 17.70 18.41 -
STD DEVIATION - 0.40 0.38 -
MEDIAN 17.69 18.40
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 17.70 18.41 -
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0.42 0.42 -
UoM - - 0.06 0.06
Page 13 of 22
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
73a
94a
7a 72a
179a
92a
8a 124a
35a
6a 21a
191a
36a
101a
15a
182a
190a
1a 79a
197a
76a
161a
60a
95a
169a
100a
117a
188a
147a
102a
28a
192a
97a
99a
105a
143a
180a
170a
24a
166a
33a
110a
82a
151a
9a 37a
49a
30a
61a
96a
133a
10a
112a
88a
59a
38a
42a
106a
145a
13a
130a
198a
80a
23a
167a
184a
78a
18a
66a
200a
183a
74a
135a
199a
173a
91a
195a
83a
41a
58a
22a
39a
32a
77a
71a
187a
181a
189a
140a
98a
43a
12a
50a
162aZ-SC
OR
E
LABORATORY ID
VOLATILE MATTER Z-SCORE TREND
Page 14 of 22 COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : CALORIFIC VALUE (MJ/kg)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (MJ/kg) DRY BASE (MJ/kg) Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 21.60 22.52 -0.11
6a 4.08 21.89 22.82 1.33
8a 3.70 21.80 22.64 0.46
9a 4.47 21.23 22.22 -1.50
10a 3.70 21.71 22.54 0.0
12a 4.80 21.53 22.62 0.36
15a 3.97 21.70 22.60 0.27
18a 3.86 21.60 22.47 -0.35
21a 3.58 21.66 22.46 -0.36
23a 3.78 21.83 22.69 0.70
24a 4.01 21.34 22.23 -1.46
28a 3.43 22.02 22.80 1.24
30a 3.82 21.81 22.68 0.64
32a 3.40 21.77 22.54 0.0
33a 4.00 21.89 22.80 1.24
35a 4.70 21.40 22.46 -0.40
36a 4.10 21.60 22.52 -0.08
37a 4.35 21.69 22.68 0.64
38a 3.71 23.82 24.74 10.39
39a 3.73 21.61 22.45 -0.44
42a 4.25 22.16 23.14 2.85
43a 3.90 21.80 22.68 0.68
49a 4.60 21.28 22.31 -1.11
50a 3.85 21.17 22.02 -2.47
58a 3.90 21.70 22.58 0.19
60a 4.23 21.61 22.56 0.1
61a 4.10 21.59 22.51 -0.13
66a 3.90 21.47 22.34 -0.94
71a 3.80 21.66 22.52 -0.12
72a 4.40 19.61 20.51 -9.59
73a 4.08 21.84 22.77 1.08
74a 3.60 21.47 22.27 -1.27
76a 3.43 21.86 22.64 0.45
77a 4.10 21.72 22.65 0.51
79a 4.35 21.04 22.00 -2.57
80a 3.30 21.73 22.47 -0.33
82a 3.30 22.12 22.87 1.58
83a 3.30 21.90 22.65 0.51
84a 5.09 21.51 22.66 0.58
88a 4.38 21.58 22.57 0.13
92a 4.49 21.37 22.37 -0.78
94a 4.13 21.44 22.36 -0.84
95a 3.75 21.73 22.58 0.17
98a 2.83 21.91 22.55 0.04
99a 4.30 21.40 22.36 -0.85
100a 3.89 21.65 22.53 -0.07
101a 4.12 21.56 22.49 -0.26
102a 3.30 22.03 22.78 1.14
105a 3.80 21.83 22.69 0.72
106a 4.26 21.54 22.50 -0.20
110a 3.78 21.70 22.55 0.06
112a 3.70 21.65 22.48 -0.28
117a 4.18 21.68 22.63 0.40
124a 4.28 21.60 22.57 0.12
130a 3.10 21.78 22.48 -0.30
133a 3.93 21.98 22.88 1.60
135a 2.96 21.75 22.41 -0.60
140a 2.09 21.67 22.13 -1.93
143a 3.34 21.84 22.59 0.26
145a 4.49 21.81 22.84 1.40
147a 3.80 21.80 22.66 0.57
151a 3.96 21.60 22.49 -0.24
153a 3.81 21.40 22.25 -1.38
160a 3.81 21.51 22.36 -0.84
161a 3.90 21.59 22.47 -0.35
162a 3.98 22.66 23.60 5.01
163a 3.90 21.63 22.51 -0.15
164a 3.81 21.89 22.76 1.02
167a 3.90 21.95 22.84 1.42
169a 4.06 21.51 22.42 -0.57
170a 3.90 21.60 22.48 -0.30
171a 2.93 21.90 22.56 0.10
172a 3.81 21.30 22.14 -1.88
176a 3.90 21.63 22.51 -0.15
177a 3.51 21.56 22.34 -0.93
179a 3.90 21.85 22.74 0.93
180a 3.33 21.76 22.51 -0.15
181a 3.30 21.75 22.49 -0.23
182a 3.70 21.96 22.80 1.25
183a 2.90 21.72 22.37 -0.81
184a 4.60 21.56 22.60 0.28
187a 3.70 22.03 22.88 1.59
188a 3.65 22.18 23.02 2.27
189a 2.13 21.70 22.17 -1.74
190a 3.70 21.73 22.56 0.12
191a 3.80 21.71 22.57 0.13
192a 3.50 21.76 22.55 0.04
195a 3.96 21.45 22.33 -0.97
197a 3.75 21.64 22.48 -0.27
198a 3.20 21.34 22.05 -2.34
199a 4.01 21.77 22.68 0.66
200a 4.02 21.88 22.80 1.21
NUMBER OF RESULTS - 92 92 92 -
OUTLIERS - - 3 3 -
AVERAGE - 3.83 21.68 22.54 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.22 0.21 -
MEDIAN 21.70 22.54
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 21.68 22.54 -
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0.23 0.23 -
UoM - - 0.03 0.03 -
Page 15 of 22
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
72a
79a
50a
198a
140a
172a
189a
9a 24a
153a
74a
49a
195a
66a
177a
99a
160a
94a
183a
92a
135a
169a
39a
35a
21a
161a
18a
80a
170a
130a
112a
197a
101a
151a
181a
106a
163a
176a
180a
61a
71a
1a 36a
100a
32a
10a
98a
192a
110a
171a
60a
190a
124a
191a
88a
95a
58a
143a
15a
184a
12a
117a
76a
8a 83a
77a
147a
84a
30a
37a
199a
43a
23a
105a
179a
164a
73a
102a
200a
33a
28a
182a
6a 145a
167a
82a
187a
133a
188a
42a
162a
38aZ-
SCO
RE
LABORATORY ID
CALORIFIC VALUE Z-SCORE TREND
Page 16 of 22
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : TOTAL SULPHUR (%)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 1.62 1.69 0.23
6a 4.08 1.26 1.31 -2.93
7a 3.53 0.80 0.83 -6.96
10a 3.70 1.54 1.60 -0.53
12a 4.80 1.53 1.61 -0.46
13a 4.10 1.73 1.80 1.20
18a 3.86 1.72 1.79 1.07
21a 3.58 1.72 1.78 1.03
23a 3.78 1.64 1.70 0.36
24a 4.01 1.54 1.60 -0.48
28a 3.43 1.51 1.56 -0.82
30a 3.82 1.64 1.71 0.36
32a 3.40 1.63 1.69 0.22
35a 4.70 1.51 1.58 -0.65
36a 4.10 1.47 1.53 -1.08
37a 4.35 1.46 1.53 -1.14
38a 3.71 1.49 1.55 -0.96
39a 3.73 1.49 1.55 -0.96
42a 4.25 1.68 1.75 0.78
43a 3.90 1.62 1.69 0.20
49a 4.60 1.59 1.67 0.04
50a 3.85 1.73 1.80 1.16
58a 3.90 1.60 1.66 0.0
60a 4.23 1.62 1.69 0.25
61a 4.10 1.62 1.69 0.23
71a 3.80 1.55 1.61 -0.42
72a 4.40 1.50 1.57 -0.78
74a 3.60 1.75 1.82 1.29
76a 3.43 1.62 1.68 0.13
78a 2.69 1.64 1.69 0.20
79a 4.35 1.64 1.71 0.44
80a 3.30 1.59 1.64 -0.15
83a 3.30 1.58 1.63 -0.23
88a 4.38 1.56 1.63 -0.25
95a 3.75 1.64 1.70 0.35
97a 3.90 1.54 1.60 -0.50
99a 4.30 1.64 1.71 0.44
101a 4.12 1.36 1.42 -2.04
106a 4.26 1.72 1.80 1.13
110a 3.78 1.63 1.69 0.27
112a 3.70 1.56 1.62 -0.35
130a 3.10 1.51 1.56 -0.87
133a 3.93 1.50 1.56 -0.84
135a 2.96 1.61 1.66 -0.02
140a 2.09 1.70 1.74 0.63
143a 3.34 1.54 1.59 -0.58
145a 4.49 1.88 1.97 2.58
151a 3.96 1.81 1.88 1.87
161a 3.90 1.62 1.69 0.20
162a 3.98 1.78 1.85 1.61
167a 3.90 1.56 1.62 -0.32
169a 4.06 1.57 1.64 -0.21
172a 3.81 1.67 1.74 0.63
173a 3.71 1.67 1.73 0.61
177a 3.51 1.49 1.54 -0.99
179a 3.90 1.48 1.54 -1.02
180a 3.33 1.53 1.58 -0.66
181a 3.30 1.41 1.46 -1.71
183a 2.90 1.63 1.68 0.14
184a 4.60 1.60 1.68 0.13
188a 3.65 1.37 1.42 -2.02
189a 2.13 1.69 1.73 0.55
190a 3.70 1.79 1.86 1.66
191a 3.80 1.81 1.88 1.85
192a 3.50 1.76 1.82 1.36
198a 3.20 1.69 1.75 0.71
199a 4.01 1.46 1.52 -1.18
200a 4.02 1.51 1.57 -0.74
NUMBER OF RESULTS 68 68 68 -
OUTLIERS - - 1 1 -
AVERAGE - 3.78 1.60 1.66
MEDIAN - 1.61 1.68
STD DEVIATION - - 0.11 0.12
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 1.60 1.66 -
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0.12 0.12 -
UoM - - 0.02 0.02
Page 17 of 22
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
7a 6a 101a
188a
181a
199a
37a
36a
179a
177a
38a
39a
130a
133a
28a
72a
200a
180a
35a
143a
10a
97a
24a
12a
71a
112a
167a
88a
83a
169a
80a
135a
58a
49a
184a
76a
183a
78a
43a
161a
32a
1a 61a
60a
110a
95a
23a
30a
99a
79a
189a
173a
172a
140a
198a
42a
21a
18a
106a
50a
13a
74a
192a
162a
190a
191a
151a
145aZ-
SCO
RE
LABORATORY ID
TOTAL SULPHUR Z-SCORE TREND
Page 18 of 22
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : PHOSPHOROUS IN COAL (%)
LAB ID
MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE
Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 0.041 0.043 -0.36
7a 3.53 0.047 0.049 1.00
9a 4.47 0.044 0.046 0.38
12a 4.80 0.043 0.045 0.18
13a 4.10 0.041 0.043 -0.36
18a 3.86 0.048 0.050 1.24
21a 3.58 0.044 0.046 0.29
23a 3.78 0.036 0.037 -1.55
24a 4.01 0.053 0.055 2.42
38a 3.71 0.083 0.086 9.21
74a 3.60 0.046 0.048 0.75
78a 2.69 0.044 0.045 0.19
91a 3.70 0.018 0.019 -5.72
112a 3.70 0.040 0.042 -0.63
114a 3.81 0.042 0.044 0.00
169a 4.06 0.040 0.042 -0.59
172a 3.81 0.041 0.043 -0.39
173a 3.71 0.036 0.037 -1.55
177a 3.51 0.039 0.040 -0.88
Number of results - 19 19 19 -
OUTLIERS - - 2 2 -
AVERAGE - 3.82 0.043 0.044 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.004 0.004 -
MEDIAN - 0.042 0.044
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 0.042 0.044
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0.004 0.004
UoM - - 0.001 0.001
-3.00
-2.00
-1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
91a 173a 23a 177a 112a 169a 172a 1a 13a 114a 12a 78a 21a 9a 74a 7a 18a 24a 38a
Z-SC
OR
ES
LAB ID
PHOSPHOROUS IN COAL Z-SCORES
Page 19 of 22
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : TOTAL CARBON (%)
LAB ID
MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE
Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 55.84 58.21 -0.47
9a 4.47 56.27 58.90 -0.10
12a 4.80 58.36 61.30 1.16
18a 3.86 55.09 57.30 -0.94
21a 3.58 56.25 58.34 -0.40
42a 4.25 55.54 58.01 -0.57
49a 4.60 56.25 58.96 -0.07
88a 4.38 55.76 58.31 -0.41
99a 4.30 55.20 57.68 -0.74
145a 4.49 59.40 62.19 1.62
173a 3.71 60.44 62.77 1.93
177a 3.51 55.20 57.21 -0.99
Number of results - 12 12 12 -
OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -
AVERAGE - 4.17 56.63 59.10 -
MEDIAN - - 56.05 58.33 -
STD DEVIATION - - 1.77 1.91 -
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 56.41 58.92
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 2.06 2.36
UoM - - 0.74 0.85
REPRODUCIBILITY
UPPER LIMIT - - - 60.10 -
LOWER LIMIT - - - 58.10 -
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : HYDROGEN (%)
LAB ID
MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE
Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 2.85 2.97 -0.22
9a** 4.47 3.25 3.40 1.15
12a 4.80 2.82 2.96 -0.25
18a 3.86 2.70 2.81 -0.74
21a 3.58 2.86 2.97 -0.2
36a** 4.10 2.38 2.48 -1.77
42a 4.25 2.78 2.90 -0.44
88a 4.38 2.86 2.99 -0.16
99a** 4.30 3.25 3.40 1.13
177a** 3.51 3.40 3.52 1.53
Number of results 10 10 10
OUTLIERS - - 0 0 -
AVERAGE - 4.13 2.92 3.04 -
MEDIAN - 2.86 2.97 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.30 0.32 -
ROBUST AVERAGE - - 2.92 3.05
ROBUST STD DEVIATION - - 0.35 0.37
UoM - - 0.14 0.15
REPRODUCIBILITY
UPPER LIMIT - - 3.29 -
LOWER LIMIT - - - 2.79 -
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : NITROGEN(%)
LAB ID
MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE
Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 1.43 1.49 0.24
9a 4.47 0.88 0.92 -6.29
18a 3.86 1.48 1.54 0.80
42a 4.25 1.49 1.56 0.99
88a 4.38 1.42 1.49 0.17
99a 4.30 1.37 1.43 -0.44
177a 3.51 1.27 1.32 -1.76
Number of results 7 7 7 -
OUTLIERS - - 1 1 -
AVERAGE - 4.12 1.41 1.47 -
MEDIAN - 1.43 1.49 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.08 0.09 -
REPRODUCIBILITY
UPPER LIMIT - - - 1.62 -
LOWER LIMIT - - - 1.32 -
Page 20 of 22
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ASH FUSION TEMPERATURES (oC)
LAB ID DEFORMATION SOFTENING HEMISPHERE FLOW
1a 1252 1275 1298 1352
9a 1390 1405 1425 1445
10a 1290 1320 1350 1380
18a 1270 1280 1300 1340
21a 1335 1370 1410 1480
23a 1252 1287 1355 1458
28a 1370 1390 1410 1490
38a 1500 1500 1500 1500
49a 1250 1300 1350 1400
42a 1250 1270 1295 1320
60a 1302 1343 1388 1460
80a 1250 1280 1310 1350
95a 1370 1390 1420 1490
151a 1220 1280 1340 1500
Number of results 14 14 14 14
Outliers 0 0 0 0
AVERAGE 1307 1335 1368 1426
MEDIAN 1280 1310 1353 1452
STDEV 77 68 60 66
REPRODUCIBILITY
UPPER LIMIT 1387 1395 1428 1500
LOWER LIMIT 1227 1275 1308 1346
Z-SCORES
LAB ID DEFORMATION SOFTENING HEMISPHERE FLOW
1a -0.71 -0.88 -1.16 -1.12
9a 1.07 1.03 0.95 0.29
10a -0.22 -0.22 -0.30 -0.69
18a -0.48 -0.81 -1.13 -1.30
21a 0.36 0.51 0.70 0.81
23a -0.71 -0.71 -0.21 0.48
28a 0.81 0.81 0.70 0.96
38a 2.49 2.43 2.19 1.11
49a -0.74 -0.51 -0.30 -0.39
42a -0.74 -0.96 -1.21 -1.60
60a -0.07 0.12 0.33 0.51
80a -0.74 -0.81 -0.96 -1.15
95a 0.81 0.81 0.86 0.96
151a -1.13 -0.81 -0.46 1.11
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : CHLORINE (ppm)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
12a 4.80 47 49 -
177a 3.51 45 47 -
Number of results - 2 2 2 -
OUTLIERS - - - - -
AVERAGE - 4.16 46 48 -
STD DEVIATION - - 1 2 -
MEDIAN - - 46 48 -
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : FLUORINE (ppm)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY DRY BASE Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
12a 4.80 143 150 -
177a 3.51 72 74 -
Number of results - 2 2 2 -
OUTLIERS - - - - -
AVERAGE - 4.16 107 112 -
STD DEVIATION - - 50 54 -
MEDIAN - - 107 112 -
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ASTM ASH (%)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%) Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 28.57 29.78 -
172a 3.81 28.34 29.46 -
Number of results - 2 2 2 -
OUTLIERS - - -
AVERAGE - 3.94 28.46 29.62 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.16 0.23 -
MEDIAN - - 28.46 29.62 -
COAL CONCEPTS - PROFICIENCY TESTING -FEBRUARY 2020
ANALYTICAL PARAMETER : ASTM VOLS (%)
LAB ID MOISTURE IN ANALYSIS SAMPLE (%) AIR DRY (%) DRY BASE (%) Z-SCORE (DRY BASE)
1a 4.07 18.12 18.89 -
172a 3.81 18.40 19.13 -
Number of results - 2 2 2 -
OUTLIERS - - - - -
AVERAGE - 3.94 18.26 19.01 -
STD DEVIATION - - 0.20 0.17 -
MEDIAN - - 18.26 19.01 -
Page 21 of 22
CONCLUSION
1. The overall ISO Ash determination trend is positively biased. The average, robust average and median were similar. One outlier was detected.
2. The overall ISO volatile determination trend was evenly distributed. Eleven outliers were detected. The
outliers seemed to be due to a combination of analytical and calculation errors.
3. Calorific value graph indicated an even z-score trend. Three outliers were detected. These seemed to be due
to analytical errors.
4. The z-score trend for sulphur was evenly distributed. The median, robust average and mean were similar.
One outlier was detected by Grubbs estimate.
5. Two outliers were detected on phosphorous analysis. The median, robust average and mean compared well
with each other indicating that the extreme values did not affect the centralized values.
6. Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen analysis was generally well done, with one outlier on Nitrogen
7. AFT: There were no outliers and generally well done
8. Assessment criterion for homogeneity check (From ISO 13528, page 45)
8.1 Comparison of the between sample standard deviation with the standard deviation for proficiency testing Standard deviation for ISO ash =0.28 Check value = 0.28 x 0.3 = 0.084
Between sample standard deviation = 0.030 The between standard deviation is less than the check value for the criterion assessment for
homogeneity, therefore the proficiency test samples were homogeneous.
Page 22 of 22
COAL CONCEPTS: Terms and Conditions
Return of results: Laboratories participate in proficiency testing programs on the understanding that they will be sharing their results and information anonymously with other laboratories performing the same analysis. No return of results compromises the spirit of the programs, and reports will not be sent to laboratories unless they return results. Payment in full is required from all laboratories enrolling whether they return results or not. Errors in Participant Proficiency Testing Results: Proficiency testing reports should reflect the level of accuracy that a regular testing client would receive. If a participant finds an error in their proficiency testing results, they may notify us in writing and change their submission PRIOR to the due date for return. Changes after this time will not be accepted. Coal Concepts’ reports results as submitted by participants. On occasion, it seems as though participants have mixed up the samples or not processed the samples according to the instructions. Coal Concepts cannot make assumptions of this nature and change results 'to suit'. We also cannot compromise the integrity of the programs by suggesting to some participants that they should review their results prior to the due date. (This is unfair to other participants) It is the responsibility of the participants to check all aspects of the program, including sample identification, preparation, testing instructions, calculations and reporting of the results prior to results submission. If samples are not in good condition on arrival to the participant laboratory, Coal Concepts must be notified in writing IMMEDIATELY, as often samples can be replaced in good time. Claims about samples received in bad condition will not be accepted after the report has been issued. Late Enrolments and Late Results: Late enrolment requests cannot always be accommodated, as sample manufacture must be scheduled well in advance to the shipping date of the program to allow all necessary quality assurance activities to be carried out. Shipping of PT materials and evaluating test results from PTPs out of cycle with the mainstream programs is considerably time consuming and therefore costly. In order not to disadvantage participants able to comply with time frames, Coal Concepts may charge a late fee in the following circumstances: Requests that Coal concepts staff enters results on behalf of participants Requests to record results after the due date Requests for PTP participation that is out of cycle with the scheduled dates Shipping fees and Customs clearance: Costs incurred for shipping samples and clearance of same through customs are the responsibility of the participating laboratory unless otherwise indicated Non-payment of fees: Coal Concepts retains the right to withhold reports and/or test materials and services when invoices are outstanding. Confidentiality of results: All data and information received by Coal Concepts from its clients are considered confidential unless the client has given express permission to pass on information. Definitions: The dictionary definitions of “collusion” and “falsification” are as follows. · Collusion: A secret agreement or cooperation for a fraudulent or deceitful purpose. · Falsification: Deliberately changing something to be false. In proficiency testing terms, collusion is comparing data (and perhaps changing data) to fit in with a believed “correct” result. This is contrary to the spirit of proficiency testing programs, which are issued with the intention of providing an objective comparison of a laboratory’s performance with others. Coal Concepts tries to minimise the occurrence of collusion by being aware that laboratories should be objective when they report their results, and should therefore not know the intended results at the time they are reporting to us. Answers are not provided to clients until results have been submitted. To prevent collusion and falsification our advice to clients is: DON’T confer with others about PT samples or results. DO accept the fact that everyone makes errors. DON’T average the results or opinions of every person in the laboratory before selecting the answer to be submitted. Instead, use one of the answers AS SUBMITTED to you and take advantage of the Coal Concepts internal QA services and submit all answers generated by the technicians. DO have confidence in your own results. Proficiency Testing (PT) is a compulsory part of laboratory accreditation, but it is also an important tool for giving you confidence in your results. “Enhancing” your PT results with assistance from another participant cannot increase confidence in your laboratory’s performance. Coal concepts’ testing staff are not told what the expected results are, nor what we are expecting. We subject ALL results to analysis, even if they are different. The staff have the right to check that the results we enter on their behalf are correctly transcribed. Clients are always welcome to contact Coal Concepts to seek advice or information about collusion or falsification of data. Policy for Participant Appeal of PT Performance Assessment: If participants disagree with their performance assessment in a proficiency report, they should inform Coal Concepts in writing. The response will include Coal Concepts interpretation of the outcome of the reassessment and an explanation of that outcome. (For example, explanation of a calculation, or the rationale for the outcome of the evaluation.) If a mistake has been made by Coal Concepts, it will be dealt with via Coal Concepts’ non-conformance system. Liability In no event shall a party's liability to the other party for direct damages exceed an amount equal to the value of the amount for the PT Programme, under that specific month End of report