Coal and Energy Efficiency Policy ives

7/31/2019 Coal and Energy Efficiency Policy ives

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Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

Coal and Energy Efficiency:Policy Initiatives

Rajkiran V Bilolikar


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2

Administrative Staff College of India 2

The Power of Coal: If India Did Not Use More Coal

To meet projected demand, and replace projected incremental coal based electricity generation, India

would have to obtain more than 13 Tcf of NG, build 210 nuclear power plants or construct the equivalent of

400 Hoover Dams

1,770 1,736

1,509

1,586


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3

Administrative Staff College of India 3

The Logic of Indias Continuing Reliance on

Coal

There are no alternatives to hydrocarbons in the foreseeable futureM.Economides, Professor of Engineering, University of Houston, 2008

Clean coal technology is one of the most promising routes formitigating emissionsIndia [will] benefit IEA, 2007

Access to electricity is strongly correlated with every measurableindicator of human development -Berkeley Science Review, 2008

India has more people without adequate access to energy than anycountry in the world -National Resources Forum, 2008

Removal of poverty is the greater immediate imperative than global

warming P. Ghosh, Secretary of the Environment, India,2007


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4Administrative Staff College of India 4

The World Bank Agrees

India needs much more power in a short time frame to continue itseconomic development.

India still must rely on (coal) to meet growing demand

Gas-based power is not a viable alternative not enough naturalgas is available and the power it generates is too expensive

Wind power still has limited reliability and its higher cost makes itunsustainable for meeting large scale demand

* July,2008


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India Faces Rampant Growth


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The Context and Scale of Growth

Current

Growth

By 2030


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17.1%

0.5% 0.6%0.8%

10.2%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

14.0%

16.0%

18.0%

20.0%

Population

(1.15 Billion)

Oil NG Uranium Coal

%ofWorlds

ProvedReserves

Coal is Indias only Energy Advantage

Indias Share of the Worlds Energy Reserves

Coal is expected to be themainstay of power

generation in the years tocome Indias 11th FiveYear Plan (2007-2012)


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What Coal Conversion Will Do For India

Electricity consumption will nearly triple by 2030 to almost 2,800terawatt hours (TWh).

Liquid fuels India will have over 150 million vehicles in 20 years.

Natural Gas demand will increase 170%.

Dimethyl Ether (DME) a completely sootless fuel that can greatlyreduce dependence on wood and dung in household cooking.

Petrochemicals ammonia, formaldehyde, ethylene, propylene,

methanol production will add significant value to Indian economy.

Manufacturing Energy sources to make iron and steel as well asnon-metallic goods, including cement and soda ash.


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Coal is the Cornerstone of Energy in India

Coal:

48%Coal:

39%

2005

Other fuel: 61%

2030

Other fuel

52%

By 2030, the 1.5 billion people in India will dependmore on coal for energy than any country in the

world except for the 1.5 billion people in China.


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Access to Electricity and the Quality of Life

Survive

Childhood

Live

Longer

Drink

Cleaner Water

Eat

Better

Are Better

Educated

Under FiveDeath Rate/1000

Life Expectancy(years)

Access toImproved Sources

(%)

Under Nourished(%)

LiteracyRate (%)

People in Societies with Greater Access to Electricity:


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We are at the beginning of the road:Indias Electricity Consumption per

Capita Compared to Other Nations


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India Will Increasingly Rely Upon Coal forElectricity Generation


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COAL

Reserves : 271 Billion Tonnes

Proven category : 110 Billion Tonnes

LIGNITE

Reserves : 38.9 Billion TonnesProven category : 4.8 Billion Tonnes

78% domestic coal production is used for power generation Coal is going to be the main source of power generation in the

country for at least next 25-30 years

Source: Geological Survey of India, MOPNG

Nearly 87% of the total reserves are thermal coal

NATURAL GAS

Proven Reserves : 1.12 TCM

Coal is the only proven source of ThermalPower Generation


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Indian Coal Reserve

Proven: 8

Indicated: 6Total : 14

Proven: 5


Proven: 9


Proven: 14


Proven: 11

Indicated: 12

Total : 23

Proven: 35

Indicated: 30

Total : 65

Proven: 7Indicated: 8

Total : 15

246Total

46Inferred

110Indicated

90Proven

Billion tonnes


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Some Facts

In 2008-09 coal contributed to about 53% of the total commercialenergy supply

In MTOE terms India is the third largest consumer of coal in worldafter China

In 2009 coal consumption in India was 245.8 MTOE

India has third largest proven coal reserves totalling to 58600 MT

Countrys Reserves to production ratio is 105

False sense of security current and foreseeable technologies can

convert only small fraction of these into mineable category


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Challenges

Indian coal industry is beset with problems

Dwindling Reserves

Increasing demand supply gap

Inefficient operations

Failure to equitably allocate coal among various consumers


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Indias response to the coal sector

First Phase

Mining of coal in small pockets began in year 1774

Production coal increased to 6 million tonnes at the beginning of20th century

22.4 million tonnes in 1919

33 million tonnes in 1951 (first five year plan)

Second PhaseNationalization of coking coal mines in 1971-72

Non coking coal mines in 1973

Coking coal Mines (Emergency Provisions) Act 1971

Coking Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act 1972Coal Mines (Taking over of Management) Act 1973

Coal Mines (Nationalization) Act 1973


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Indias response to the coal sector

First comprehensive policy

Fuel Policy Committee (1970), (1975)

Concluded that the Coal should be considered the primary source ofenergy for the country and recommended the use of coal inpreference of oil products

Lack of a long term vision for coal development and linkages to thepower sector

Under the provisions of coal mines (Nationalisation) Act 1973public sector companies can mine coal

Further in 1976 and in 1993 additional provisions wereenacted to allow coal mining for captive end use for steel,

cement and power2005 Expert Committee on Road map for coal sector reforms


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Committee recommendations - Future coal mapping

conventional geological mapping

air photo interpretation

satellite imagery


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Prognosticated Resources (Regional orReconnaissance Geological survey)

22400 sq km area out of total surveyed area of 49000 sq km havecoal bearing sedimentary formationsGondwana group

Out of this total potential coal bearing area of 22400 sq km only about10200 sq km (45%) has been systematically explored throughregional / promotional drilling

Remaining 12200 sq km area still to be systematically explored Prognosticated resources of 143 billion tones have been estimated (GSI)

Additionally there are 67 billion toones of coal resources occurring inthe Tertiary Cambay basin of Gujarat lying deeper than 1200 metersEnergy

These prognosticated resources do not form part of the inventoryof Indian coal reserves


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Agenda

Wide spaced drilling is undertaken in these selected areas by GSI underregional exploration programme

Indicated reserve If the bore holes are drilled at a spacing of 1km to 2 km

Inferred Reserve If the drill spacing is even wider

In the 10200 sq km area exploded so far a total of 248 billion tones of in-place Geological Coal reserve has been estimated upto 1200 meters depth ason 1/1/2005

Bulk of these have been estimated to lie within 600 meters depth (230 billiontones

Further some 152 billion tones (61.52% of total coal reserves) are estimated toexist within 300 meters depth

These are available for open cast mining


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Depth wise Geological Coal Reserves

The reserves assessed on the basis of detailed exploratory drilling (drill spacingof less than 400 meters) are placed in the Proved Reserves Category

As a result, 93 billion tones is placed under this category upto depth of 1200

metersThese include 91.5 billion tones up to depth of 600 meters and 71 billion tonesup to a depth of 300 meters

70% of the proven reserves have been earmarked for CIL Energy

10015.54737.5%

1002483811793Total

718610.51.5600-1200

614.5-0.5140-600(Jharia)

25631739.56.5300-600

61.5152.51566.5710-300

In %In (Bt)

TotalInferred (in

Bt)

Indicated (in

Bt)

Proved (in

Bt)

Depth (m)


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Basis of Categorization

It is based on Indian Standard Procedures adopted in 1957with a minimum thickness of 0.5 m to be included in coal

inventory

ISP was modified in 1989 to exclude the reserves in coalseams with thickness less than 0.9 m from coal inventory

Leads to distortion between reserves included in the coalinventory and that estimated in the GRs


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Tentative Extractable Reserves of the National CoalInventory

52.24247.8437.80117.0892.96Total

22.21156.1533.2497.6625.25Rest

30.0391.694.5679.4267.71CIL Blocks

TotalInferredIndicatedProvedExtractableReservesGeological ReservesArea


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Expert Committee Recommendations

This open up the window of opportunity to speed up the our efforts toaccelerate the pace of regional surveys and drilling to complete thecomprehensive coal resource assessment exercise and to re-examine

the foundations of our energy security policies and programmes

A time bound plan to cover the entire country by regional mapping in15 years

Funding for this is commenced from 2006-07Program on detailed exploration and drilling

CMPDIs current capacity of drilling 3 lakh meters per annum must beraised to at least 15 lakh meters per annum

Arrangement of revolving fund of Rs 500 Crores for this purposeEnvisages an enhancement in the capacity for detailed explorationcould potentially add about 20 billion tones of coal to the proven

category annually


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New Coal Distribution Policy

Each sector / consumers would be treated on merit keeping in

view of regulatory provisions applicable there toPrice distribution will be different to different consumers

75% of the quantity as per the normative requirement of theconsumers would be through FSA

The balance 25% of through e-auctionReplacement of linkage system by FUEL Supply Agreement(FSA)

It talks about new consumers and provisions made thereof

EMD, Letter of Assurance etc

It talks about Implementation Schedule


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Some Maps

BhagiratiR.

Rajmahal

Raniganj

Karharbari

Dubrajpur

Durgapur

DamodarR.

BarakarR.

DAMODAR BASIN

KOEL BASIN

Daltonganj

TikiNidpur

Parsora

Pali

Umaria

Jabalpur

SATPU

RABAS

IN

Bijori

Narmada

R.

Godavari R.

PranhitaR.

Chintalpudi

Krishna

R.

HYDERABAD

Talchir

Bhubaneswar

Athgarh

MahanadiR.

Nagpur

Kamthi

Mangli

PRANHITAGODAVARIBASIN

Manendragarh

MAHANADIBASIN

SonR

.

GangaR.

KOLKATA

83 8878 79 8081 82

84 85 86 87

16

17

18

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25

8988878685

SONBASIN

BAY

OF

BEN

GAL

Ramagundam

Kothagudem

BANGLADESH

RAJM

AHALBASIN

8483828180797877

0 50 100 150 km

Scale

Ptilophyllum Assemblage zone (Jurassic to Lr. Cretaceous

Lepidopteris-Dicroidium Assemblage Zone (Triassic)

Glossopteris Assemblage Zone (Permian)


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Some Maps

K OLL

ID AM

R .

B AY

OF B

ENG A

L

C A U V ER Y

R

Po n n aiya r R.

V e lla r R

.

N E Y V E L I

C U D D A L O R E

M i s a l R a m a n a t h a p u r a m

R a m e s w a r a m

S i v a g a n g a

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

M A N N A R G U D I

%

T H A N J A V U R

VA IG AI R

IVER

NEY

VEL I

LIG

N ITE

FIEL

D

MAN

NARG

UDI

LIGN

ITE

FIEL

D

T A

RG

ET

A

RE

A

G E O L O G I C A L M A PO F P A R T O F T A M I L N A D U

L I G N I TE O C C U R R E N C E SOF

T A M I L N A D U

35 0 0 35 0 km

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%%

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%%

m m m m m m m m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

mmmmmmm

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

m

%

%

%

Sri n a g a r

S i m la

C h a n d i g a r h

N e w D e l h i

Jai p urL u c k n o w

P a t n a

G a n g t o k It a n a ga r

Dis p u r

K o h i m a

Im p h a l

S h i ll o n g

Ai z a w l

A g a rt a l a

K o l k a t a

B h u b a n e s w a r

C h e n n a i

P o n d i c h e rry

Tir u v a n a n ta p u r a m

B a n g a l o r e

H y d e r a b a d

M u m b a i

P a n a ji

G a n d h i n ag a rB h o p a l

6 8 7 6 8 4 9 2

36

28

20

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2

0

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R a n c h i

D e h r a d u n

R a i p u r

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78

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M A N N A R G U D I

R a m e s w a ra m

R a m a n at h a p u r a m

%

%

%

%C H E N NA I

TA

A

M

IL

N

AD

U

A l l u v i u m

T e r t i a r y s e d i m e n t s

U p p e r G o n d w a n a s &U n d i f fe r e n t i a te d C r e ta c e o u s

M e t a m o r p h ic

b a s e m e n t

T A R G E T A R E A

6 0 6 1 2 k m

K E Y M A P

L E G E N D

A r e a s : L i g n i t e o c c u r e n c e s p r o v e d


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RajMahal Coal Field

Khargram

Fatehpur

Rampurhat

Saldaha

D u m k a

Katikund

Gopikandar

Amrapara

Pakur

Barharwa

Hansd iha

Kaha lgaon

Bara

M a h a g a m a

PhulberiaSimra

Berhait

Ra jmaha l RS .

Sah ibgan jPirpaint i RS.

87 00 ' 8710 ' 87 20 ' 87 30 ' 87 40' 8750' 88 00 '

2410'

2430'

2440'

2450'

2500'

2510'

2520'

2420'

Alluvium

Lower Gondwanas

Metamorph ics

Ra jmaha l Format ion

Upper Gondwanas

L E G E N D

8700 ' 8710 ' 8720 ' 8730 ' 8740 ' 8750 ' 8800 '

2410'

2420'

2430'

2440'

2450'

2500'

2510'

2520'

10 0 10 k m

U R M A -PA H A R IT O L A

C H A U D H A R -G A R IA PA N I

SA H A R PU R -JA MA R PA N I

K U L K U L ID A N G A L -SITASAL

R A M P U R -MA L L A R PU R

B O R T A L A -MA T H U R A PU R

Ongoing blocks

Completed blocks

Pro p o sed b lo ck

G E O L O G I C A L M A P O F R A J M A H A L A N D B I R B H U M C O A L F I E L D SJ H A R K H A N D A N D W E S T B E N G A L


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Geological Map of Talcher


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Geological map of Singrauli coal field


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Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency

Energy Conservation andEnergy Efficiency


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Energy Development and Climate Change

7721 kg OEUSA

1130 kg OEBrazil

346 kg OEIndia

1680 kg OEWorld

1403 kg OEChina

Indias Energy Development and climate change challengesare multipronged

Energy Performance in terms of both quantity and equity is veryweak

Indias challenge is to bridge the access gap in modern energyservices

It leads to growing contributions of climate change


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Some questions

How the Government policies and regulatory frameworkshave evolved over a period of time for promoting energyefficiency?

What are the trends observed in energy intensities of Indianeconomy?

Do the trends in energy intensities reflect the influence ofenergy efficiency policy measures and subsequent actions?


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Indian Government estimates that the energy consumptionwill rise by 50% by 2015 compared to 2005 levels


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Primary energy consumption as a whole has grown at a

CAGR of 4.9% The consumption of coal has grown at 4.2%

Oil by 5.5%

Natural Gas by 12.8%

Hydro and Nuclear power by 8.6% & 4.4%


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The total energy related CO2 emissions have grown at a CAGR of 4.7%

to about 1328 Million Tonne in 2007-08 from about 182 Million Tonne in1965


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The energy intensities have been estimated for each of the primary

energy sources / carriers by dividing the energy consumption by theconstant 2000 national GDP


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First Phase

National Development policy was till the early 1970s focused onpuritanical ideals of economic development

Early 1970s witnessed the first initiatives towards the integration of energypolicy into national development policy

Concerns on the fossil fuel long term solution for growing energydemands

The fuel policy committee was set up in 1970Suggestion to set up Energy Board

PCRA

The Working group on Energy Policy (WGEP)

Demand Management should form the most important element of oil policyTo develop coordination among rail, road and water ways including coastalshipping for optimum us of transportation options

To set up standards of fuel efficiency for electrical and diesel pumps, lighting,cooking appliances etc

Assessment of Energy Policy regimes


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Second Phase (6th & 7th five year plan 1980 1989)

GoI Instituted the inter ministerial working group on EnergyConservation in August 1981

The first concrete proposal for reduction in energy consumption inIndia (IMWGEC 1983)

Three major sectors Industry, Transport and Agriculture

5-10% of investment required for new energy supplies and equalamount would be saved by EC

Advisory Board on Energy was set up in 1983

ABE made detailed projection on energy demand

ABE commissioned Indian Law Institute in 1987 to prepare a draftof the Energy Conservation Bill for enactment

The draft was completed in 1988The establishment of Nodal Energy Conservation Organisation

(NECO)

It was soon replaced by Energy Management Centre



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Second Phase (6th & 7th five year plan 1980 1989)

The establishment of Nodal Energy Conservation Organisation(NECO)

It was soon replaced by Energy Management Centre

The centre coordinated

Energy Auditing of consumers both in the industrial and commercialsector

Both conventional and non conventional energy managementsystems and energy conservation

Education and training

Energy generation and conservation based employment and povertyalleviation programmes



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Third Phase (1990s)

National Energy Conservation Day 14th

of DecemberNational Energy Conservation Award

Eco-Mark Voluntary eco-labeling program; MoEF managed theprogram with the support of CPCB

Voluntary programme on energy efficiency

Refrigerators

Room Air Conditioners

World Energy Efficiency Association (WEEA) was founded in1993



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Fourth Phase

(Critical to the development of energy policy in India)

The energy conservation bill was passed as an act in September2001

It facilitated the creation of new body in the name of Bureau ofEnergy Efficiency popularly known as BEE

The Main objectives of BEE were

To exert leadership, provide policy framework and direction tonational energy conservation and efficiency efforts

To coordinate energy efficiency and conservation policies andprogrammes and take them to stakeholders

To establish systems and procedures to measure, monitor and verifyenergy efficiency results at sectoral as well as macro level

To leverage multi lateral, bi-lateral and private sector support inimplementation of EC Act and EE programmes

To interpret, plan and manage EC programmes as envisaged in theEC Act



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Fourth Phase

(Critical to the development of energy policy in India)

BEE has worked to eliminate market failures arising fromquandaries such as information asymmetries

Industry specific task forces

Notifying more industries as designated consumers

Conduct of energy audit amongst notified designated consumers

Recording and publication of best practices in each sector

Development of energy consumption norms

Monitoring of compliance with mandated provision by designatedconsumers



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Fifth Phase : the way forward

Integrated Energy Policy (2006)

Barriers were analyzed

Energy Pricing

Informational asymmetries

Consuemers are not aware of the opportunities for improving

EEEffective and Comprehensive energy policy



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National Action Plan

The National Action Plan on Climate Change wasreleased by Honorable Prime Minister of India in June

2008

The Action Plan Outlines 8 Missions includingNational Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency

(NMEEE)

The Mission has outlined specific goals

Missions under NAPCC


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National Solar Mission National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency

National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

National Water Mission

National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem National Mission for a Green India

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

National Mission for Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change

Missions under NAPCC

Indian Power Supply: Current Situation and


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Indian Power Supply: Current Situation andFuture Projections

Installed Capacity in India Approx. 160,000 MW

Projected Capacity in 2030 800,000 MW

600 MW capacity addition each week

Continued deficit supply in 2007-08 (MOP)

Peak power deficit of 16.6%

Energy Deficit of 9.9%

Source: Planning Commission of India and Central Electricity Authority


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Electricity Scenario in India


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Energy Conservation

Energy Conservation is achieved when growth of energy

consumption is reduced, measured in physical terms

Energy Conservation can therefore, be the result of severalprocesses or developments, such as productivity increase ortechnological progress


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Energy Conservation

Energy conservation refers to

efforts made to reduce energy consumption in order

to preserve resources for the future and reduce environmentalpollution.

Energy conservation can be achieved through

increased efficient energy use, in conjunction with

decreased energy consumption and/or reduced consumption fromconventional energy sources.

D i f E C i


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Drivers for Energy Conservation

India is faced with the challenge of sustaining its rapid economic

growth while dealing with the global threat of climate change

Increasing gross domestic product (GDP) remains the key target

of the Indias economic development strategy; however GDP

growth is tied closely to increasing energy consumption

Unless economic growth is decoupled from increased energy

consumption, the energy shortage situation will continue

While per-capita GHG emissions of India are low, in absolute

terms Indias GHG emissions very high

Energy Security and way towards clean technologies

E Effi i M


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Energy Efficiency Measures

Legal or Regulatory Instruments

Financial Measures

Market Oriented Mechanisms

Energy Audits

Energy Conservation programmes

Demand Side Mangement

I di R t d E Effi i


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Indias Response towards Energy Efficiency

Legal and Regulatory instruments

The Energy Conservation Act 2001

Mandatory energy Efficiency target of 5% by 2012 in 11th five year plan

National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEE)

PAT (Perform, Achieve and Trade)

MTEE (Market Transformation for Energy Efficiency)

FEEED (Framework for Energy Efficient Economic Development)

DSM (Demand Side Management)



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Financial Measures

The State Energy Conservation fund (SECF) is a 70 Crore

Rupees fund launched in 2009 under the framework of the 2001

Energy Conservation Act

Energy Audit

Energy audits are mandatory for large energy consuming

industries. The bureau of Energy Efficiency is responsible forimplementation of energy efficiency programmes

Energy Efficiency Spin offs


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Energy Efficiency Spin offs

Energy Efficiency / conservation measures can reduce peak and

average demand

One unit saved avoids around 2.5 to 3 times of fresh capacity

addition

Investment in energy efficiency/ energy conservation is highly cost

effective

Can be achieved less than Rs. 1.2 Crore/MW

Avoids investment in fuel, mining and transportation etc

Energy Efficiency India Scenario


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Energy Efficiency India Scenario

Savings Potential

Supply side savings opportunity : 25000 MW

Demand side savings opportunity

Agricultural sector : 20%

Commercial sector : 20-50 %

Industrial sector : 25 %

Energy Conservation Act 2001


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Comprehensive legislation laying roadmap for improvement inenergy efficiency in the country

Mandatory energy audit for energy intensive industries

Minimum energy performance standards for industries & forequipment & appliances

Setting up of a Bureau of Energy Efficiency

Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)


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Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

Established in 2002 to provide a policy framework and direction tonational energy conservation activities, with following thrust areas:

Indian Industry Programme for Energy Conservation

Demand Side Management

Standards and Labeling Programme

Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Establishments

Energy Conservation Building Codes

Professional Certification and Accreditation

Manuals and Codes

Energy Efficiency Policy Research Programme

School Education

Delivery Mechanisms for Energy Efficiency Services

Standards and Labeling


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Standards and Labeling

Frost Free(No-Frost) refrigerator

Tubular Fluorescent Lamps

Room Air Conditioners

Direct Cool Refrigerator

Induction Motors, Pump Sets

Ceiling Fans

LPG, Electric Geysers

Colour TV

The Objectives of Program is to provide the consumer an informedchoice about the energy saving ,and thereby the cost saving potentialof the marketed household and other equipment.

The scheme was launched by the Hon'ble Minister of Power inMay,2006

The scheme is currently invoked for equipments/appliances

Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC)


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Commercial Buildings Sector in India


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Commercial Buildings Sector in India

Commercial Buildings Growth Forecast

Currently, ~ 659 million m2 (USAID ECO-III Internal Estimate Using MOSPI,CEA and Benchmarked Energy Use data)

In 2030,~ 1,900 million m2 (estimated) *

66% building stock is yet to be constructed

Year: 2010

660

million

m2

660

million

m2

* Assuming 5-6% Annual Growth

1,930

million m2

Source: USAID ECO- III Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Projected Growth Across Building Sector inI di


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India

Source: McKinsey Analysis

Growth of Electricity Consumption inCommercial Sector in India


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Commercial Sector in India

SOURCE: Central Electricity Authority (2009).



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gy g ( )

Covers new buildings and ensures minimum energy performancerequirements

Launched by Govt. of India on May 2007

Building components included

Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows)

Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor)

Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System

Solar Water Heating and Pumping

Electrical Systems (Power Factor, Transformers)

ECBC Overview


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ECBC sets minimum energy efficiency standards for design andconstruction of commercial buildings

ECBC encourages energy efficient design of new buildings andmajor renovations

Addresses local design conditions and helps improve existingconstruction practices

Emphasis on Integrated Building Design approach

First generation code ease of use and continuousimprovement

ECBC Compliance


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ENVELOPEENVELOPE

HVACHVAC

LIGHTINGLIGHTING

ELECTRICAL POWERELECTRICAL POWER

SOLAR HOT WATER &

PUMPING

SOLAR HOT WATER &

PUMPING

PrescriptivePrescriptive

Whole Building

Performance

Whole Building

Performance

Trade-off option (for

ENVELOPE only)

COMPLIANCE APPROACHES

Required for ALL

Compliance Approaches

Applicable BUILDING SYSTEMS

ECBC Development


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Broad Stakeholder participation

Building Industry, Manufacturers, Professionals, Govt.Agencies etc.

ECO-II facilitated the development of ECBC

ECBC committee of experts

An extensive data collection was carried out for construction typesand materials, glass types, insulation materials, lighting and HVACequipment

Base case simulation models were developed

The stringency analysis was done through detailed energy and lifecycle cost analysis

Relationship of ECBC With Other Programs


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Program OrganizationCompliance

RequiredBuilding Type Building With Scope Linkage to ECBC

ECBCMinistry ofPower/BEE

Voluntary Commercial

ConnectedLoad>=500kW

Contract Demand

>=600kVA

Energy Efficiency NA

LEED-IndiaCII-Green

Business CenterVoluntary

Commercial/Institutional

-Sustainable

design/greenbuilding

Refers to ECBC forenergy efficiency

credits

GRIHA MNRE VoluntaryResidential/Commercial/Institutional

-Sustainable

design/greenbuilding

Refers to ECBC forenergy efficiency

credits

EnvironmentalImpact

Assessment (EIA)

Ministry ofEnvironmentand Forests

MandatoryCommercial/Resi

dentialApplicable toLarge Projects

EnvironmentalImpact

ECBC andEnvironmentalClearance

requirements arerelated



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Government of India - creation of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)

Powers and Functions of BEE vis--vis ECBCPrescribe ECBC for efficient use of energyTake suitable steps to prescribe guidelines for ECBCLink Energy Performance Index (from the EC Act) to the ECBCPrescriptive Compliance Approach in order to facilitate theimplementation of the Code

[On Page 5, clause (j) of the EC Act, 2001 currently reads:"energy conservation building codes" means the norms and

standards of energy consumption expressed in terms of per squaremeter of the area wherein energy is used and includes the locationof the building]



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Power of State Government:

The State Govt., in consultation with BEE, may

amend ECBC to suit the regional and local climatic conditions withrespect to use of energy in the buildings

direct the owner or occupier of a building (if notified as aDesignated Consumer) to comply with the provisions of ECBC

Benchmarking: Macro Analysis BuildingPopulation


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Population

N=760

N=861

Baseline Energy Use in Commercial Buildings


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Number ofBuildings

Building TypeFloorArea(m2)

Annual EnergyConsumption

(kWh)Benchmarking Indices

OFFICE BUILDINGS kWh/m2/year kWh/m2/hour

145 One shift Buildings 16,716 20,92,364 149 0.068

55 Three shifts Buildings 31,226 88,82,824 349 0.042

88 Public Sector Buildings 15,799 18,38,331 115 0.045

224Private Sector

Buildings28,335 44,98,942 258 0.064

10 Green Buildings 8,382 15,89,508 141 -

HOSPITALS kWh/m

2

/year kWh/bed/year128

Multi-specialtyHospitals

8721 24,53,060 378 13,890

22 Government Hospitals 19,859 13,65,066 88 2,009

HOTELS kWh/m2/yearkWh/room/yea

r

89Luxury Hotels (4 and 5

Star)19,136 48,65,711 279 24,110

SHOPPING MALLS kWh/m2/year kWh/m2/hour

101 Shopping Malls 10,516 23,40,939 252 0.05642

Source: Building Energy Benchmarking study undertaken by the USAID ECO-III Project

Building Envelope Design


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ECBC Compliant Design Strategy for a Building

Heat/Moisture Losses Walls Roof Window

Minimize ConductionLosses

Use insulation withlow U-value

Use insulationwithlow U-value

Use material withlowU-factor

Minimize ConvectionLosses & MoisturePenetration

Reduce air leakage&use vapor barrier

Reduce airleakage& use vaporbarrier

Use prefabricatedwindows and sealthejoints betweenwindows and walls.

Minimize RadiationLosses

Use light coloredcoating with highreflectance

Use lightcoloredcoating withhighreflectance

Use glazing withlowSolar Heat GainCoefficient (SHGC)



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Demand Side Management or DSM is defined as a set of initiativesundertaken by the utility on the consumer side of the meter to bring about

a desired change in consumer demand and/or demand profilemaintaining, or even enhancing the service provided to the consumer interms of quality, reliability and cost of service.

DSM programmes broadly classifies as

Peak Clipping Programme

Load Shifting Programme

Strategic Conservation Programme

.



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Monetary incentives results in the most effective implementation of anypolicy

ERCs can play a critical role in promoting DSM by appropriate tariffstructure

Time of Day Tariffs

Power Factor Incentive & Penalty / Reactive Power Charges

Load Management Charges

Rebates/ incentives for energy efficiency/ fuel switching

Differential Pricing for Agricultural Sector


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Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad

Thank YouRajkiran V. Bilolikar,

Assistant Professor, Energy Area,

Administrative Staff College of India,Bella Vista, Raj Bhavan Road,

Hyderabad - 500082

T: +91 40 6653 4390F: +91 40 6653 4356

M: +91 9704087888

[email protected]

Coal and Energy Efficiency Policy ives

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