23rd World Gas Conference, Amsterdam 2006

CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir

Bert van der Meer, Senior Reservoir Engineer

Daan D’Hoore & Jan Hartman – GPN

Erik Kreft & Kees Geel - TNO

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir2

Overview

• Introduction• Geological Model• Test results

• Test 1• Test 2

• Vertical Flow Performance• Reservoir Simulation Model• History Match• Test 2 simulation results

• Conclusions

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir3

Introduction - setting

• Kyoto Protocol => IPCC – Subsurface storage possible reduction option

• Dutch government already active for many years => CRUST(CO2 Re-use through Underground Storage)

• Gaz de France Production Nederland B.V. (GPN) operator of the K12-B field

• The Offshore RE-injection of CO2 (ORC) by GPN is supported by the CRUST project.

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir4

Introduction – larger context

• World wide several ongoing storage projects:• Sleipner offshore/Norway Statoil • K12-B offshore/Netherlands Gaz de France• In Salah onshore/Algeria BP• Weyburn onshore/EOR/Canada EnCana• Japan onshore/test/Japan RITE• Frio onshore/test/USA DOE/Nat. Lab.• Allison onshore/ECBM/USA Burlington Res.• Snøhvit offshore/Norway Statoil• Ketzin onshore/German GFZ/EU-CO2SINK• Tarnov onshore/EOR/Poland CMI

*Incomplete list

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir5

Introduction – Key factors

• Gas field (nearly empty)• Deep (3900m SS)• High temperature (128 oC)• Low pressure (40 bar)• Low permeable (mD)• Confined space• Full test site• ~30,000 Nm3/d

• Aquifer• Shallow (800 m SS)• Temperature ~37 oC• Hydrostatic (100 bar)• High permeable (D)• Extremely large• Restricted• ~1,380,000 Nm3/d• 10 years in operation

K12-B Sleipner

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir6

Introduction – location map

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir7

Geological Model

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir8

Test Results – Test 1

• Injection test in single well compartment (CO2 gas)• History Match K12-B8 gas production performance• Well bore behavior injected CO2 gas (18 bar BHP-WHP))• Formation injectivity (1.5 bar BHP-Pres)

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir9

Test Results – Test 2

• CO2 injection in gas producing compartment• History Match past behavior• Effects of super critical CO2 injection • Degree of corrosion along the tubing• Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR) potential

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir10

Past Performance

B6 past behavior:

• Possible leaking packer

• Water from Lower Slochteren

• CO2 injection restart – water push back into formation

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir11

Vertical Flow Performance

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

1/2/05 3/3/05 2/4/05 2/5/05 2/6/05 2/7/05 1/8/05 1/9/05 1/10/05 31/10/05 1/12/05 31/12/05 30/1/06

Time [date]

Pre

ssur

e [b

ara]

B6 THPobs

B6 BHPobs

0.0

5000.0

10000.0

15000.0

20000.0

25000.0

30000.0

35000.0

0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00

delta Pressure (bhp-THP) [bar]

CO

2 In

ject

ion

Rat

e [N

m3/

d]

Q = 0 Nm3/d

Q = 28000 Nm3/d

Q = 0 Nm3/d

Q = 28000 Nm3/d

Q = 0 Nm3/d

Q = 28000 Nm3/d

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir12

History Match

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Time [date]

Bot

tom

hol

e P

ress

ure

[bar

]

B1 BHPsim

B1 BHPobs

B1 SBHPobs

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir13

Test 2 - Simulation Results

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1/2/05 2/4/05 2/6/05 1/8/05 1/10/05 1/12/05 30/1/06

Time [date]

Bot

tom

hol

e P

ress

ure

[bar

]

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Inje

cted

CO

2 pr

oduc

tion

Rat

e [N

m3/

d]

B1 BHPsim

B1 BHPobs

CO2 Prod Rate

1,3-PDMCH tracer

PMCP tracer

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir14

Test 2 - Simulation Results

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

1/2/05 3/3/05 2/4/05 2/5/05 2/6/05 2/7/05 1/8/05 1/9/05 1/10/05 31/10/05 1/12/05 31/12/05 30/1/06

Time [date]

Pre

ssur

e [b

ara]

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

CO

2 In

ject

ion

Rat

e [N

m3]

B6 BHPobs

B6 BHPsim

B6 BHPest

CO2 Inj Rate

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir15

Conclusions

• CO2 injection first time in Netherlands and unique in respect to active gas field, depth, pressure and temperature range.

• Past performance modeled and explained• Detailed modeling can be used for data QC• CO2 injection as predicted• CO2 breakthrough B1 modeled is slow and gradual• Volumetric consequences of CO2 injection undetected in 2005

test period i.e. no EGR potential yet• Further study needed and GPN committed to continue CO2

injection

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir16

Acknowledgments

• GDF Production Nederland B.V. and partners• EXPRO North Sea• DRC

• Dutch Government (CRUST, CATO)

• European Commission (FP6, CASTOR)

Amsterdam, June 2006CO2 Storage and Testing Enhanced Gas Recovery in the K12-B Reservoir17

QUESTIONS?