CNC

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Term Paper On the topic : CNC PROGRAMMING SubmittedTo: Mr.Vishant Kumar Submitted By: RAJA BOIPAI Section:-M4001 Roll Number:-A67

Transcript of CNC

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Term Paper

On the topic :

CNC PROGRAMMING

SubmittedTo: Mr.Vishant Kumar

Submitted By:

RAJA BOIPAI

Section:-M4001

Roll Number:-A67

Reg.No:-11011019

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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

History of Computer Numerical Control Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) can be considering as a direct outcome of the development in the field of numerical control (N/C) of machine tools. No one would expect that Massachusetts Institute of Technology,USA who has demonstration the first N/C milling machine in 1952. The new technology had finally made a revolutioin in the manufacturing industries. In 1955 US introduce N/C system based on hardware, but system were built with separate elements and the reliability of these machine was bad. Later in 1970's N/C machine were built around LSI chips and MSI chips, during 1965 N/C manufacturing industries step forward constructed systems with mini-computer, which was named as Computer Numerical Control(CNC). The present day systems are designed around microprocessors to meet the requirements of high productivity, flexibility and high reliability to produce components with high quantity and quality at minimum manufacturing cost.

CNC Systems1. Hardware: CNC hardware includes the microprocessors that effect control system functions and peripheral devices for data communication, machine tool, transducers, actuators, etc.2. Software:CNC Software includes the programs that are executed by the system microprocessors this make machine to function and coordinate.

International CNC Machine Tool Manufacturers Japan, Italy, U.K, West Germany, Spain, U.S.A, Korea, Taiwan, India, etc

CNC Machine Tool Manufacturers in India

The first CNC Machine tool was developed in India as early as in 1975. CNC Machine tools become popular only during 1980 - 1985. Indian Machine Tool manufacturers' Technical collabration from countries like Japan, West Germany, U.K and U.S.A. There are now 35 manufacturers engaged in the production of CNC Machines.

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CNC CONTROL SYSTEM

There are large number of CNC Control systems are available. They are FANUC, SIEMENS, L - PRO, SINUMERIC-HINUMERIC, BOSCH etc.,But commonly FANUC control systems are mostly used in CNC machines in the world. FANUC O.T Series - For CNC Turning centre (CNC Lathes)FANUC O.M Series - For CNC Machining centre (CNC Milling)

Types of CNC Machine1. Machining Centre a) Horizontal Spindle Machine b) Vertical Spindle Machine c) Universal2. Turning Centre a) Vertical Spindle Machine b) Horizontal Spindle Machine 3. Drilling and Milling Machine4.Grinding Machine a) Surface Grinding b) Cylindrical Grinding c) Tool and Cutter Grinders d) Profile Grinders5. Electrical Discharge Machine(EDM) a) Ram type b) Orbital EDM c) Wire EDM6. Punching Nibbling and Forming Machine7. Gear Hobbing8. Boring Machine9. Welding Machine10. Co-ordinate Measuring Machine etc.,

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Advantages over conventional machines 1. Complicated part shape is machined easily in CNC machines. (Like aircraft parts)2. Design changes are frequent in CNC Machines.3. Close tolerance to be maintained in CNC machines.4. Number of operation to be done further in CNC machines.5. Expense materials where error in processing would be costly are machines in CNC Machines.6. Parts need substantial inspection is machined in CNC machines.7. High quality and accuracy. Automatically positioning the slides of the machine tool through servo motors fitted with electronic amplifier and measuring the position of the slides by precision optical/Electronic - feed back devices which can ensure slide positioning to micrometer accuracy.8. Increasing the metal removal rate. Which is realized by increased spindle speeds, feeds and built - in power and rigidity of the machine tool structure.9. Reducing the time. By number of tools available on the machines and the use of an Automatic tool changer (ATC) which waits for the tool required for the next operation.10. MInimizing the down time of the machine by improving the reliability of the control system.11. Minimizing the time requiered for changing over parts to the machined through the use of Multiple work tables (pallets) and automatic pallet changers12. Semi skilled operators are sufficient.13. At a time a single operator operates more than one machine.

Disadvantages * Cost of machine is high* Not suitable for small batch production* Maintenance cost is high

Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) completely computer integrated factories with very little direct human supervision which begining to dominate the manufacturing scene today are some of the developments in factory automation related to CNC

CNC LATHE MACHINES

CNC Lathe machines are the major machine tools used for the production of rotating parts.They are available with multiple tooling,flexible automation equipment and rotary tooling.The operations such as milling,drilling,tapping and other operations can be performed with the same set up.

Types of CNC Lathe Machines

1.Horizontal CNC Lathe machines.2.Vertical CNC Lathe machines.

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Classification of CNC Horizontal lathe machines

1.Chucking machines2.Shaft machines3.Universal machines

1.Chucking machinesChucking machines have usually have shorter beds and a single saddle with a single

drum type turret which accomodates both I.D and O.D. tools.

2.Shaft machinesShaft machines are usually for between centre works.they have hydraulic (or) pneumatic

tail stock for the work piece.

3.Universal machinesUniversal machines are suitable for both chucking and for bar work,4 (or) 5 axis

machines.Some machines have rotating tools in the turrets to facilitate off-axis machining such as drilling,milling,reaming,tapping,boring etc.these machines have in addition to the conventional X and Z axis.CNC control of the spindle rotation i.e. C-axis.Such machines are known as CNC turning centres.

Vertical CNC Lathe machinesVertical CNC lathe machines are widely used for machining heavy components.

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF CNC LATHE MACHINES

Head stock:Incorporated spindle in the head stock is rotated with a spindle motor.Gripped work piece with the chuck is also rotated with to be machined.Tail stock: It is used to support the work piece.the tail stock centre is usually mounted on precision bearing to obtain good running accuracy and enough stiffness.The tailstock design can either be hydraulic or electro mechanical.

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Turret: Tools are fixed to the turret.Lathes are fitted with 8,12 or 16 stationary turrets.the indexing can be done through hydraulic or electric operation.The cost of a turret post is high.Both O.D. and I.D tools are fitted on the turret.Also tools are mounted on the cross slide.Cross slide: Movement of 'X' axis.Longitudinal slide: Movement of 'Z' axis.Chip conveyor: It is used to remove the scraps(chips)

Data input Keys

Date Keys : Include all Address characters A to Z and numbers 0 to 9Reset : It is used to reset program in edit mode.Alter : It is used for alter a word.

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Insert : It is used for insert a word.Delete : It is used for delete a word (or) a whole program.EOB : End of Block - It is used at the end of each block in the program.CAN : Cancel - It is used for cancel a word.Input : It is used for input a word.Output start : It is used to get the output from inputted word.Menu offset : This menu is used for Wear offset,geometrical offset and Work shift purpose.PRGR(Program) : It is used for displaying the program in control panel screen.POS(Position) : It is used for display the tool position,number of work pieces machined,cycle time and run time.DGNOS : It is used for Machine parameter settings.(Diagnostic Parameter)Operator Alarm: It is used for search the alarm message.Auxiliary graph: It is used for displaying the graph for the tool movement in automatic operation.Index : It is used to rotate the tool manually.

Emergency stop:When push this key the machine is 'off' suddenly.Then release the Emergency stop push

button for further operations of machine.

Feed override control switch:It is used for the feed rate.Normally for automatic continuous operation,this switch will

be set to 100%

Spindle override control switch:It is used for control the spindle speed rate.Normally for automatic continuous

operation,this switch will be set to 100%

Rapid override control switch:It is used for control the rapid traverse rate of the machine.Normally for automatic

continuous operation this switch will be set to 100%

Operation Mode Select Switches

Edit Mode : To edit programs stored in CNC memory.Auto Mode : It is used to operate machine with a program already inputted in memory.MDI Mode : Manual Data Input is used for positioning (or) M.S.T function commands.Tape Mode : It is used to operate the machine through external devices such as a paper type,a floppy drive unit (or) D.N.C operation.Jog Mode : It is used to feed axes manually.Handle Mode : It is used for handle operations by enabling the hand wheel on the control panel.Zero Return : It is used for manual reference point return.

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Function selected switchesSingle block: It is used to execute a program block by block.Dry run: it is used to activate JOG feed rate instead of a programmed feed rate.Block skip: It is used to turn on/off the block skip key, used for selective operation Regarding blocks having a slash code ‘/’.Optional stop: It is used to stop the program execution at a block containing M01, when Optional stop key is ON, on the control panel.

Machine lock: when this key is ON, in automatic operation, the program is run, the spindle is rotating and the tool is also indexing. But the tools do not move.(No feed movement of tool)Cycle start: when we press this key in auto mode the machine run automatically as per already inputted program.Feed hold: when we press this key in automatic operation, the tool feed is locked.(Tool not moves).Press cycle start switch for further movement of tool.Note: The panel above is for milling machine, lathe is also similar too. But some additional keys can be added and removed.

AXES CONTROL AND DIRECTION IN CNC LATHE MACHINES:ALPHABET CHARQAACTER USE TO CONTROL THE FUNCTIONS OF A MACHINE TOOL IS CALLED ADDRESS:

ADDRESS FUNCTION &MEANINGO Program NumberN Sequence NumberG Preparatory Function

Selection of traveling mode(Linear, Circular,etc.)

X,Z Primary Axis Travel CommandU,W Secondary Axis Travel Command R Arc RadiusI,K Arc Center Travel CommandR Arc RadiusI,K Arc Center CoordinateF Specifyng FederateS Specifying Spindle Rotation SpeedT Specifying Tool NumberM Miscellaneous Function

ON/Off Control for machine functionP(or)X Specifying Dwell TimeP Specifying Sub-Program NumberL Specifying Number of repeats in Sub-Program(or)

in canned cycle

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P,Q,R Parameter for Canned Cycle

PROGRAM NUMBER

Program Number is use for Identifying the program. It must be always on the top of the program. It is denoted by the Address ‘O’

O _ _ _ _ four Digit Numbers Followed by address ‘O’

Example: O0001 to O09999(Any Number Can be used frokm 00001 to 9999) but total number of program can be stored is limited depends upon FANUC Series.

SEQUENCE NUMBER

Sequence Number is using for Identify the program Sequence, this is added to top block for easy access. It is denoted by the address ‘N”

N_ _ _ _ Four Digit Numbers Followed by Address ‘N’

Example : N0001 to N9999 (Any Number can be used from 00001 to 9999)

O0012;

N1 ______ ;

N2 ______ ;

N3 ______ ;

N4 ______ ; N5 ______ ;

N6 ______ ;

N7 M30;

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PROGRAMMING TERMSADDRESS

The alphabetical characters are called address.G01 X50.0 Z10.0 F0.1;

DATA

Numerical Characters are called Data( it also include sign and the decimal point)G00 X50.0 Z-5.0 F0.1;

WORD

Word includes Address and Data(it also include sign and the decimal point)G00 X60.0 Z5.0;

BLOCK OR LINE

The block is composed of the number of words.G01 X70.50 Z-2.0 F0.15;

If a block is said to be meaningful, their must be some type of operation to be performed.G00; is not a meaningful block because G)0 is only selection of traveling mode( linear, circular)M08; is a meaningful block because M08 is a code used to on the coolant.

; - EOB means End of the Block which must be always used at the end of the each block.

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PROGRAMMING

What is a program?

A Program is required to operate NC machine tools. Programming is the creation of a series of command statements. All Operations of the machine including “spindle rotation”, “Tool movement” can be controlled by a program.

What is the ISO Language?

The ISO Language is a standardized (ISO – International Standardization Organization) programming language used to control computerized machine tools. The technology is called CNC. The ISO language is a way of describing the movements required by the tool to create the desired work piece. The ISO language is to translate a drawing into movements.

Outline of Programming

A Conventional machine tool is operated by the operator. With CNC machine tools, the operating commands are given in the form of NC data. Programming is the process of coding machining conditions such as cutting dimensions, processing orders, cutter movements or axes feed rate all under fixed regulation which refers to the work piece drawing to instruct NC machine tool. The following shows a typical job flow for NC machine tools

Manual Programming

Manual programming is direct programming method of manual planning and manual calculations by programmers.

Automatic Programming

For complicated work pieces, such as three dimensional shapes, programming by manual procedure may be too difficult and an automatic programming system aided by computer is required. In this case, the NC data is automatically generated, without any manual calculation, by inputting work piece drawings in to computer.

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PART PROGRAM

A set of commands given to the NC for machine motion is called a program. A program is composed of number of Blocks. Part program is use to specify the machining process for the cutting tools.

Example O1203;N1;G28 U0.0 W0.0;G50 S1200 T0300;_______________;_______________;_______________;M01;

N2;G28 U0.0 W0.0;G50 S1200 T0200;_______________;_______________;_______________;_______________;M01;M30;

DECIMAL POINT INPUT

Decimal point is used to input the units like Distance, Time, and Angle.X25.0 is use for input the distance value. X25.0 equal to 25mm or 25 inch.G04 X1.0 is used for input the dwell time value. X0.1 is equal to one second.A45 is used for input the angle value.A90 is equal to 45˙.

The following are the same meaning, in the case of decimal point.X20.X20.0X20.00X20.000

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If the Decimal point is eliminated. The system read in microns.

X 50 =0.05mmX500 =0.5mmX5000=5.0mm

Decimal point can be inputted for the following addresses.X,Z,U,A,B,C,I,J,K,R,Q,F.

NOTE:

1 Micron = 0.001mm.

G-CODES (Preparatory Function) As per FANUC-O.T SeriesG-Code includes an address 'G' and numerical letter

G-code is the common name for the most commonly used numerical control (NC) programming language, which has many implementations.This general sense of the term, referring to the language overall (using the mass sense of "code"), is imprecise, because it comes metonymically from the literal sense of the term, referring to one letter address among many in the language (G address, for preparatory commands) and to the specific codes (count sense) that can be formed with it (for example, G00, G01, G28). In fact, every letter of the English alphabet is used somewhere in the language, although some letters' use is less common.

Nevertheless, the general sense of the term is indelibly established as the common name of the language.

The first implementation of numerical control was developed at the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory in the early 1950s. In the decades since, many implementations have been developed by many (commercial and noncommercial) organizations. G-code has often been used in these implementations. The main standardized version used in the United States was settled by the Electronic Industries Alliance in the early 1960s.[citation needed] A final revision was approved in February 1980 as RS274D. In Europe, the standard DIN 66025 / ISO 6983 is often used instead.Extensions and variations have been added independently by control manufacturers and machine tool manufacturers, and operators of a specific controller must be aware of differences of each manufacturer's product.

One standardized version of G-code, known as BCL, is used only on very few machines.Some CNC machine manufacturers attempted to overcome compatibility difficulties by standardizing on machine tool controllers built by Fanuc. This semistandardization can be compared to other instances of market dominance, such as with IBM, Intel, or Microsoft. Pros and cons exist, and a wide variety of alternatives are available.Some CNC machines use "conversational" programming,which is a wizard-like programming mode that either hides G-code or completely bypasses the use of G-code. Some popular examples are Southwestern Industries' ProtoTRAK, Mazak's Mazatrol, Hurco's Ultimax and Mori Seiki's CAPS

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conversational software.G-code began as a limited type of language that lacked constructs such as loops,

conditional operators, and programmer-declared variables with natural-word-including names (or the expressions in which to use them).

It was thus unable to encode logic; it was essentially just a way to "connect the dots" where many of the dots' locations were figured out longhand by the programmer. The latest implementations of G-code include such constructs, creating a language somewhat closer to a high-level programming language. The more a programmer can tell the machine what end result is desired, and leave the intermediate calculations to the machine,the more s/he uses the machine's computational power to full advantage.

NURBS also uses codes consisting of the letter G plus a number (e.g., G0, G1, G2, G3) in systems that are used to design flowing surfaces (3D contours). The NURBS has its origins from the ship building industry and is described by using a knot and a weight as for bending steamed wooden planks and beams.

Code Application

G00 positioning (rapid traverse) (M,T)G01 linear interpolation (feed) (M,T)G02 circular Interpolation CW (M,T)G03 circular Interpolation CCW (M,T)G04 dwell, a programmed time delay (M,T)G05 unassignedG06 parabolic interpretation (M,T)G07 cylindrical diameter values (T)G08 programmed acceleration (M,T)G09 exact stop check (M,T)G13 computing line and circle intersect (M,T)G17 XY plane selection (M,T)G18 ZX plane selection (M,T)G19 YZ plane selection (M,T)G20 input in inchG21 input in mmG22-G23 machine axis off limit area (M,T)G24 single-pass rough facing cycle (T)G28 return to reference point (M,T)G29 return from reference point (M,T)G30 return to alternate home position (M,T)G33 thread cutting, constant lead (T)G34 thread cutting, increasing lead (T)G35 thread cutting, decreasing lead (T)G36 automatic accel. and deccel. (M,T)G37 used for tool gaging (M,T)G38 measure dia. and center of hole (M)G40 cutter compensation cancel (M)G41 cutter compensation left (M)G42 cutter compensation right (M)

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G43 cutter offset, inside corner (M,T)G44 cutter offset, outside corner (M,T)G45 tool offset decreaseG46 tool offset double increaseG47 tool offset double decreaseG48 scaling offG49 tool length compensation cancelG50 tool offset increaseG52 offset axis w/ respect to 0 point (M,T)G53 motion in machine coordinates (M,T)G54 work coordinate system 1 selectG55 work coordinate system 2 selectG56 work coordinate system 3 selectG57 work coordinate system 4 selectG58 work coordinate system 5 selectG59 work coordinate system 6 selectG60 single direction positioningG61 exact stop check mode (M,T)G62 reduce feed rate on inside corner (M,T)G64 cutting mode (M,T)G65 custom parametric macro (M,T)G66 custom macro for motion blocks (M,T)G67 stops custom macro (M,T)G68 coordinate syslaim rotation ON (M)G69 coordinate syslaim rotation OFF (M)G70 inch programming (M,T)G71 metric programming (M,T)G72 circular interpolation CW (M)G72 finished cut along z-axis (T)G73 peck drilling cycle (T)G74 counter tapping cycle (M)G74 rough facing cycle (T)G74 cancel circular interpolation (M,T)G75 circular interpolation (M,T)G76 fine boringG80 canned cycle cancelG81 drilling cycle, no dwell (M,T)G82 drilling cycle, dwell (M,T)G83 deep hole, peck drilling cycle (M,T)G84 right hand tapping cycle (M,T)G85 boring, no dwell, feed out (M,T)G86 boring, spindle stop, rapid out (M,T)G87 boring, manual retraction (M,T)G88 boring, spindle stop, manual ret. (M,T)G89 boring, dwell and feed out (M,T)G90 absolute dimension input (M,T)

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G91 incremental dimension input (M,T)G92 set absolute zero point (M,T)G93 inverse time feed rate (M,T)G94 per minute feed (M,T)G95 per revolution feed (M,T)G96 constant surface speed control (T)G97 stop constant surface speed control (T)G98 return to initial point in canned cycleG99 return to R point in canned cycle

M- CODES (Miscellaneous Function)M-code includes anaddress 'M' and Numerical letter. M-Code is also known as Machine

code. It is related to auxillary or switching information such as Spindle on/off, coolant on/off and other machine functions. It is not related to movement of the machine.

M00M01 Program Stop

Optional StopM02 End of Program - StopM03M04M05 Spindle On CW

Spindle On CCWSpindle Stop

M06 Tool ChangeM07M08M09 Coolant On - Mist

Coolant On - FloodCoolant Off

M13M14M15 Spindle On CW - With Coolant

Spindle On CCW - With CoolantSpindle Stop - With Coolant

M19M20 Spindle Orientation On

Spindle Orientation OffM21M22M23M24 Table Rotate CW / Tool Magazine Right

Table Rotate CCW / Tool Magazine Left

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C-Axis Enable / Tool Magazine UpC-Axis Disable / Tool Magazine Down

M25M26 Tailstock Engaged / Tool Clamp

Tailstock Retracted / Tool UnclampM27M28 Clutch Neutral On

Clutch Neutral OffM30 End of Program - Stop and RewindM98M99 Call Subprogram

End Subprogram

Letter addressesSome letter addresses are used only in milling or only in turning; most are used in both.

Bold below are the letters seen most frequently throughout a program.Variable Description A Absolute or incremental position of A axis (rotational axis around X axis) B Absolute or incremental position of B axis (rotational axis around Y axis) C Absolute or incremental position of C axis (rotational axis around Z axis) D Defines diameter or radial offset used for cutter compensation E Precision feedrate for threading on lathesF Defines feed rate G Address for preparatory commands H Defines tool length offset I Defines arc size in X axis for G02 or G03 arc commands. J Defines arc size in Y axis for G02 or G03 arc commands. K Defines arc size in Z axis for G02 or G03 arc commands. L Fixed cycle loop count;

Specification of what register to edit using G10 M Miscellaneous function Action code, auxiliary command; descriptions vary. N Line (block) number in program;

System parameter number to be changed using G10O Program nameP Serves as parameter address for various G and M codesQ Peck increment in canned cyclesR Defines size of arc radius or defines retract height in canned cyclesS Defines speed, either spindle speed or surface speed depending on modeT Tool selectionU Incremental axis parallel to X axis (typically only lathe group A controls)V Incremental axis parallel to Y axisW Incremental axis parallel to Z axis (typically only lathe group A controls)X Absolute or incremental position of X axis. Also defines dwell time on some

machines (instead of "P" or "U"). Y Absolute or incremental position of Y axisZ Absolute or incremental position of Z axis

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Supported G&M code examples

1.ExampleG0 X-1.780 Y-1.025 Z0.1

DescriptionMoves the tool to location (-1.78,-1.025,0.1) at the move speed specified in Setup|CNC defaults. The Z axis will be moved first.

2.ExampleG1 X0.939X0.948 Y0.333

DescriptionMoves the tool along the X axis to location (0.939) at the feed speed specified in Setup|CNC defaults. Then moves the tool to location (0.948, 0.333).

3.ExampleG1 X0.948 Y0.333 F2.5

DescriptionMoves the tool to location (0.948,0.333) at speed 2.5. Any subsequent G1 commands or coordinates will continue to use speed of 2.5 until you set it to some other value or you cancel the F command. To cancel the F command, use F0. This will reset the feed speed to the value in the Setup|CNC Defaults form. If you specify a speed higher than the MaxSpeed value specified in the Setup|Motor Parameters form, the MaxSpeed value will be used instead.

4.ExampleG2 X-1.535 Y0.469 I0.500 J0.000

DescriptionMove in a clockwise arc from the current position to location (-1.535, 0.469) using a center point located 0.5 units in the X direction from the current position.

5.ExampleG3 X-1.535 Y0.469 I-0.500 J0.000

DescriptionMove in a counter-clockwise arc from the current position to location (-1.535, 0.469) using a center point located 0.5 units in the negative X direction from the current position.

6.ExampleG4 P2000

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DescriptionPause the tool for 2 seconds (2000 milliseconds) before continuing.

7.ExampleG27

DescriptionRapid return home. Move directly to location (0, 0, 0) at the move speed specified in Setup|GNC Defaults.

8.ExampleG28 X0.5 Y-.2 Z.1

DescriptionRapid return home via point. Move directly to location (0.5, -0.2, 0.1) at the default move speed, then move directly home to location (0, 0, 0).

9.ExampleG50 X0.5 Y-.2 Z.1

DescriptionRedefine the tools current location to be (0.5, -0.2, 0.1).

10.ExampleG81D .125M1X-0.470 Y0.597 Z-0.030 L0.01G80

DescriptionStart Drill cycle with G81. D parameter specifies drill bit radius (not diameter) of 0.125.

Pause program with M1 command giving you time to load a drill bit. Manually adjust the tool depth so that the tip of the new drill bit is at the same depth as the one removed. When you are ready, click the Continue button. The tool moves up to Zsafe defined in Setup|GNC Defaults form. Then it moves to location (-0.47, 0.597) at the default move speed. Then it moves down to 0.01 at the default move speed. Then it moves down to the Z depth of –0.030 at the default feed speed. If you leave out the L coordinate, it will travel at the feed speed from Zsafe to the Z depth. Subseqent X,Y coordinates will drill new holes at the new coordinates. The tool will lift up before moving to the next hole. Finally, drill cycle is cancelled with G80.

11.ExampleG83D .125M1X-0.470 Y0.597 Z-1 L0.01 Q.3

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G80

DescriptionStart Peck Drill cycle with G83. D parameter specifies drill bit radius (not diameter) of

0.125. Pause program with M1 command giving you time to load a drill bit. Manually adjust the tool depth so that the tip of the new drill bit is at the same depth as the one removed. When you are ready, click the Continue button. 1) The tool moves up to Zsafe defined in Setup|GNC Defaults form. 2) Moves to location (-0.47, 0.597) at the default move speed.3) Moves down to 0.01 at the move speed. If L parameter not defined, it will use Zsafe.4) Moves down another 0.3 units at the default feed speed If Q parameter not defined, it will use 2 times the drill bit diameter.5) Moves back up to 0.01 at move speed. 6) Moves down to within one radius of previous depth at move speed7) Moves down another 0.3 units at feed speed8) Repeats steps 5-7 until Z depth of –1.0 has been reached9) Moves up to 0.01 at move speed10) Subseqent X,Y coordinates will peck drill new holes at the new coordinates. The tool will lift up to Zsafe before moving to the next hole. 11) Finally, drill cycle is cancelled with G80.

12.ExampleG98

DescriptionMove Z axis to depth set in L code at the default move speed defined in Setup|GNC defaults form.

13.ExampleG99

DescriptionMove Z axis to depth set in R code at the default move speed defined in Setup|GNC defaults form.

14.ExampleM0

DescriptionStop program

15.ExampleM30

DescriptionReset program back to the top and start running again from there

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TOOL FUNCTION :-

Address T:

A four digit number address T specifies the tool number and tool offset number.

Format:

T (Tool Number) (Offset Number)

Example: T 01 01

Tool NumberThe leftmost two digits specify the number of tool.

Offset NumberThe rightmost two digits specify the number of tool offset.

Types of offsets:There are two types of offsets:1. Wear offset.2. Geometrical offset.

1. Wear offset:The tool is moved adding the wear offset amount to part program.

Input the offset amount to the same number as the number on offset screen (Wear).

2. Tool Geometry Offset:The distance from top of the tool fixed on turret at machine zero point to the work

piece zero point is input as tool geometry offset with this the CNC recognises the position of work piece zero point. Input the offset amount to the same number as the number on offsetscreen (Geometry).

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Procedure for setting Work co-ordinate system.

Step 1. Make sure that the component is securely clamped.Step 2. Now bring one of the tool near the face of the job.Step 3. i. Select MDI mode.

ii. Press PROGRAM button.Step 4. Enter S500.Step 5. Select handle/job mode and Select the appropriate feed.Step 6. Route the spindle in CW or CCW depending on the type of the tool.Step 7. Light facing out be taken up to the center.step 8. After the finishing cut, move the tool back in x only. Do not disturb Z-axis.step 9. Now switch off the spindle.step 10. Press MENU offset PB. The wear geometrical and work shift are displayed on CRT.step 11. Now, press GEOM soft key and position the cursor using cursor movement buttons to be required offset number corresponding to the tool used.step 12. Press M key and press Z. Enter zero(M20).step 13. Now rotate the spindle in appropriate direction and machine on OD.step 14. Do not move X.step 15. Take Z away from the job.step 16. Stop the spindle.step 17. Press MENU OFFSET PB.step 18. Press GEOM soft key.step 19. Position the cursor to the required tool offset number.step 20. Press M...X...step 21. Input the OD dimension measure. The X offset for the said tool is set.step 22. Repeat the procedure for all the tools.step 23. After taking offsets, select MDI and issue S0.