INTEGRATED WORK MANAGEMENT (IWM)

PURPOSE:

The purpose of Integrated Work Management (IWM) is “establish and manage the work and the involvement of relevant stakeholders according to an integrated and defined process that is tailored from the organization’s set of standard processes (defined process for the work)”.

Need of IWM

Software development is a kind of all new stream in world business and there’s very little experience in building software products.

Most software products are tailor made to fit client’s stipulations.

The image depicts triple constraints for software projects.

It is an essential part of software organization to deliver quality product, keeping the cost within client’s budget constrain and deliver the project as per scheduled (Time).

There are several factors, both internal and external, which may impact this triple constrain triangle.

Any of three factor can severely impact the other two.

Defined process for the work:

✮ Define processes needed to identify, define, combine, unify & coordinate the various processes and activities within the process groups.

✮ Defining a simple and crystal clear process helps the organization to fruition the desired result with the fullest efficiency.

The process area also addresses the coordination of activities such as:1. Development activities

(Requirements development design, verification))

2. Service activities (delivery, help desk, customer contact)

3. Acquisition activities (Agreement monitoring, solicitation)

4. Support activities (training, marketing, documentation)

Establishing the defined process at work startup by tailoring the

organization’s set of standard processes

Managing the work using the defined process

Establishing the work environment for the work based on the

organization’s work environment standards

Establishing teams that are tasked to accomplish work objectives

Using and contributing to organizational process assets

Enabling relevant stakeholders’ concerns to be identified, considered,

and, when appropriate, addressed during the work

Integrated Work Management involves the following activities:

Ensuring that relevant stakeholders…….

(1)Perform their tasks in a coordinated and timely manner to reduce the time consumption and increase the output

(2)Address their requirements, plans, objectives, problems, and risks to improve the efficiency and ensure their smugness.

(3)Fulfill their commitments and ensure they are self satisfied; and

(4)Identify, track, and resolve coordination issues to reduce the risks.

How to manage the work effort, cost, schedule, staffing, risks and other factors?

STAFFING☛ Managing People / Human resources

☛ Act as leader

☛ Liaison with stakeholders

☛ Setting up reporting hierarchy etc.

☛ Managing Projects efficiently

☛ Defining and setting up project scope

☛ Managing project management activities

☛ Monitoring progress and performance

☛ Risk analysis at every phase

☛ Take necessary step to avoid or come out of problems

☛ Act as project spokesperson

☛ Delegation of authority

RISK SCHEDULE

☛ Breaking down the project tasks into smaller, manageable form

☛ Finding out various tasks and correlate them

☛ Estimating time frame required for each task

☛ Dividing time into work-units

☛ Assigning adequate number of work-units for each task

☛ Calculating total time required for the project from start to finish

MONITOR

MANAGE

CATEGORIZE

IDENTIFICATION

TIME

☛ Once size and efforts are estimated, the time required to produce the software can be estimated.

☛ Efforts required is segregated into sub categories as per the requirement specifications and interdependency of various components of software.

☛ The tasks can be scheduled on day-to-day basis or in calendar months.

☛ The sum of time required to complete all tasks in hours or days is the total time invested to complete the project.

COST

For estimating project cost, it is required to consider,

☛ Size of software

☛ Software quality

☛ Hardware

☛ Additional software or tools, licenses etc.

☛ Skilled personnel with task-specific skills

☛ Travel involved

☛ Communication

☛ Training and support

SPECIFIC PRACTICES BY GOALS

SG 1 Use Defined Process for the Work SG 2 Coordinate and Collaborate with Relevant stakeholders

SP 1.1 Establish the defined process SP 2.1 Manage Stakeholder Involvement

SP 1.2 Use Organizational process Assets for Planning Work Activities

SP 2.2 Manage dependencies

SP 1.3 Establish the Work Environment SP 2.3 Resolve coordination issues

SP 1.4 Integrate Plans

SP 1.5 Manage the Work Using Integrated Plans

SP 1.6 Establish Teams

SP 1.7 Contribute to Organizational Process Assets

SP 1.1 Establish the Defined Process for the Work

Factors:

Stakeholder requirements

Commitments

Organizational process needs and objectives

The organization’s set of standard processes and tailoring guidelines

The operational environment

The business environment

The service delivery environment

• Establish and maintain the defined process from startup and throughout the work.

Example Work Products:

1. The defined process for the work.

1. Select a lifecycle model from the ones available in organizational process assets.

2. Select standard processes from the organization’s set of standard processes that best fit the needs of the work.

3. Tailor the organization’s set of standard processes and other organizational process assets according to tailoring guidelines to produce the defined process for the work.

4. Use other artifacts from the organization’s process asset library as appropriate.

5. Document the defined process for the work.6. Conduct peer reviews of the defined process for the work.7. Revise the defined process for the work as necessary.

SUB PRACTICES

SP 1.2 Use Organizational Process Assets for Planning Work Activities

Use organizational process assets and the measurement repository for

estimating and planning work activities

When available, use results of previous planning and execution activities

as predictors of the relative scope and risk of the effort being estimated.

Example Work Products:

1. Work estimates

2. Work plans

1. Use the tasks and work products of the defined process for the work as a basis for estimating and planning work activities.

2. Use the organization’s measurement repository in estimating the work planning parameters.

SUB PRACTICES

The estimate typically includes the following:• Appropriate historical data from this

work or similar work• Similarities and differences between the

current work and work from which historical data will be used

• Validated historical data• Reasoning, assumptions and rationale

used to select the historical data

Examples of parameters

Work product & task attributes

Application domain

Service system and it’s components

Operational or delivery environment

Experience of the people

Exa

mp

les

of

Data

EFFORT

COST

SCHEDULE

STAFFING

SIZE OF WORK PRODUCTS OR OTHER WORK PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES

RESPONSE TIME

SERVICE CAPACITY

QUALITY

SUPPLIER PERFORMANCE

SP 1.3 Establish the Work Environment

An appropriate work environment for the work comprises an infrastructure of

facilities, tools & equipment that people need to perform their jobs effectively

in support of business and service objectives.

Example Work Products:

o Equipment and tools for the work

o Installation, operation & maintenance manuals for the work environment

o User surveys and results

o Use, performance, and maintenance tools

o Support services for the work environment

SUB

PRACTICES

1. Plan, design & install a

work environment

2. Provide ongoing

maintenance & operational

support for the work

environment

3. Maintain the qualification

of components of the work

environment

4. Periodical review how well

the work environment is

meeting work activity needs

& supporting collaboration,

and take action as

appropriate

SP 1.4 INTEGRATE PLANS

Integrate the work plan and other plans that affect the work to

describe the defined process for the work.

The work plan should include plans for service system

development and service delivery as appropriate.

The development of the work plan should account for current

and projected needs, objectives, and requirements of the

organization, customer, suppliers and end users as appropriate.

Example Work Products:

• Integrated plans

SUB PRACTICES

Integrate other plans that affect the work with the work plan

Incorporating the definitions of measures & measurement activities for managing the work

Identify & analyze product and work group interface tasks

Schedule tasks in a sequence that accounts for critical development, delivery factors & work risks

Incorporate plans for performing peer reviews on work products

Incorporate the training needed to perform the defined process into the training plans

Establish objective entry and exit criteria to authorize the initiation & completion of tasks

Ensuring the work plans compatibility with plans relevant to the stakeholders

Identify how conflicts will be resolved that arise among relevant stakeholders

SP 1.5 Manage the Work Using Integrated Plans

Manage the work using the work plan, other plans that

affect the work, and the defined process for the work.

Example Work Products:

Work products created by performing the define process

for the work

Collected measures and status records or reports

Revised requirements, plans and commitments

Integrated plans

SUB PRACTICES

1. Implement the defined process using the organization’s

process asset library

2. Monitor and control the work activities and work products using the defined process for the work, work plan & other

plans that affect the work

3. Obtain & analyze selected measurements to manage the work and support organization

needs

4. Periodically review and align the service performance with

current and anticipated needs, objectives & requirements of

the org., customer & end users as appropriate

5. Address causes of selected issues that can affect work

objectives

SP 1.6 ESTABLISH TEAMS

The work is managed using teams that reflect the organizational rules and

guidelines for team structuring, formation and operation.

One of the best ways to ensure coordination and collaboration with

relevant stakeholders is to include them on the team.

Example Work Products:

Documented shared vision

List of members assigned to each team

Team charters

Periodic team status reports

SUB PRACTICESEstablish & maintain the work

group’s shared mission

Establish & maintain the team

structure

Establish & maintain each

team

Periodically evaluate the team

structure and composition

SP 1.7 Contribute to Organizational Process Assets

Contribute process related experiences to organizational process

assets

Example Work Products:

1. Proposed improvements to organizational process assets

2. Actual process and product measures collected from the work

3. Documentation (e.g., exemplary process descriptions, plans, training

modules, checklists, lessons learned)

4. Process artifacts associated with tailoring and implementing the

organization’s set of standard processes for the work.

1. Propose improvements

to the organizational

process assets

2. Store process and

product measures in the

organization's

measurement

repository

3. Submit

documentation for

possible inclusion in the

organization's process

asset library

4. Document lessons

learned from the work

for inclusion in the

organization's process

asset library

5. Provide process artifacts

associated with tailoring and

implementing the

organization’s set of

standard processes in the

support of the organization’s

process monitoring activities SUBPRACTICES

SG 2 Coordinate and Collaborate with Relevant

Stakeholders

SP 2.1 MANAGE STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT

Stakeholder involvement is managed according to the

integrated plan and defined process for the work.

Example Work Products:

• Agendas and schedules for collaborative activities

• Recommendations for resolving relevant stakeholder

issues

• Documented issues (e.g., issues with stakeholder and

services system requirements, architecture, design.

SUB PRACTICES:

1. Coordinate with relevant stakeholders who should participate in work activities.

• The relevant stakeholders should already be identified in the work plan.

2. Ensure Ensure work products that are produced to satisfy commitments meet the requirements of the recipients.

• The work products produced to satisfy commitments can be services.

3. Develop recommendations and coordinate actions to resolve misunderstandings and problems with requirements.

SP 2.2 MANAGE DEPENDENCIES

Participate with relevant stakeholders to identify,

negotiate and track critical dependencies.

Defects, issues and action items resulting from

reviews with relevant stakeholders.

Critical dependencies

Commitments to address critical dependencies

Status of critical dependencies.

SUB PRACTICES:

Conduct reviews with relevant stakeholders

Review and get agreement on commitments to address each critical dependency with those

who are responsible for providing or receiving work

product or services

Identify each critical dependency

Document critical dependencies and

commitments

Establish need dates and plan dates for each critical

dependency based on the work schedule

Track the critical dependencies and commitments and take

corrective actions as appropriate.

SP 2.1 Resolve Coordination Issues

Example of Coordination issues:

Service system requirements and design defects

Late critical dependencies and commitments

Product level problems

Unavailable critical resources or staff

Example Work Products

1. Relevant stakeholder coordination issues2. Status of relevant stakeholder coordination

issues

SUB PRACTICES:

1. Identify and document issues

4. Escalate to appropriate managers the issues not resolvable with relevant

stakeholders

2. Communicate issues to relevant stakeholders

5. Track issues to closure

3. Resolve issues with relevant stakeholders

6. Communicate with relevant stakeholders on the status and resolution of issues.