CMC Abnormal Psychology Chapter11

Copyright © 2010 Allyn & Bacon

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PowerPoint for

Abnormal Psychology

Fourteenth Edition

James N. Butcher

Susan Mineka

Jill M. Hooley

Prepared by Andy PomerantzSouthern Illinois University

Edwardsville


Chapter 11Chapter 11

Substance-Related DisordersSubstance-Related Disorders

Copyright © 2010 Allyn & Bacon 3

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Addictive behavior—behavior based on the Addictive behavior—behavior based on the pathological need for substance or activity—pathological need for substance or activity—may involve the abuse of substances such as:may involve the abuse of substances such as: NicotineNicotine AlcoholAlcohol BarbituratesBarbiturates TranquilizersTranquilizers AmphetaminesAmphetamines HeroinHeroin EcstasyEcstasy MarijuanaMarijuana

Addictive behavior—behavior based on the Addictive behavior—behavior based on the pathological need for substance or activity—pathological need for substance or activity—may involve the abuse of substances such as:may involve the abuse of substances such as: NicotineNicotine AlcoholAlcohol BarbituratesBarbiturates TranquilizersTranquilizers AmphetaminesAmphetamines HeroinHeroin EcstasyEcstasy MarijuanaMarijuana


IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

Substance abuse generally involves a Substance abuse generally involves a pathological use of a substance resulting pathological use of a substance resulting inin Potentially hazardous behaviorPotentially hazardous behavior Continued use despite a persistent social, Continued use despite a persistent social,

psychological, occupational, or health psychological, occupational, or health problemproblem

Substance dependence involves a Substance dependence involves a physiological need for increasing physiological need for increasing amounts of a substanceamounts of a substance

Substance abuse generally involves a Substance abuse generally involves a pathological use of a substance resulting pathological use of a substance resulting inin Potentially hazardous behaviorPotentially hazardous behavior Continued use despite a persistent social, Continued use despite a persistent social,

psychological, occupational, or health psychological, occupational, or health problemproblem

Substance dependence involves a Substance dependence involves a physiological need for increasing physiological need for increasing amounts of a substanceamounts of a substance

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Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Abuse and DependenceDependence

Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Abuse and DependenceDependence

Alcoholic Alcoholic ––a person with a serious drinking problem a person with a serious drinking problem whose drinking impairs his or her health, whose drinking impairs his or her health, personal relationships, and occupational personal relationships, and occupational functioningfunctioning

AlcoholismAlcoholism – –a dependence on alcohol that seriously a dependence on alcohol that seriously interferes with life adjustmentinterferes with life adjustment

Alcoholic Alcoholic ––a person with a serious drinking problem a person with a serious drinking problem whose drinking impairs his or her health, whose drinking impairs his or her health, personal relationships, and occupational personal relationships, and occupational functioningfunctioning

AlcoholismAlcoholism – –a dependence on alcohol that seriously a dependence on alcohol that seriously interferes with life adjustmentinterferes with life adjustment


The Prevalence, Comorbidity, The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol and Demographics of Alcohol

Abuse and DependenceAbuse and Dependence

The Prevalence, Comorbidity, The Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Demographics of Alcohol and Demographics of Alcohol

Abuse and DependenceAbuse and Dependence

Lifetime prevalence for alcohol abuse in the Lifetime prevalence for alcohol abuse in the U.S. is 13.4%U.S. is 13.4%

More than 37% of alcohol abusers suffer from More than 37% of alcohol abusers suffer from at least one coexisting mental disorderat least one coexisting mental disorder

Alcohol abuse cuts across all age, educational, Alcohol abuse cuts across all age, educational, occupational, and socioeconomic boundariesoccupational, and socioeconomic boundaries

Lifetime prevalence for alcohol abuse in the Lifetime prevalence for alcohol abuse in the U.S. is 13.4%U.S. is 13.4%

More than 37% of alcohol abusers suffer from More than 37% of alcohol abusers suffer from at least one coexisting mental disorderat least one coexisting mental disorder

Alcohol abuse cuts across all age, educational, Alcohol abuse cuts across all age, educational, occupational, and socioeconomic boundariesoccupational, and socioeconomic boundaries


The Clinical Picture of Alcohol The Clinical Picture of Alcohol Abuse and DependenceAbuse and Dependence


Alcohol has complex and often Alcohol has complex and often contradictory effects on the braincontradictory effects on the brain At lower levels, alcohol stimulates certain At lower levels, alcohol stimulates certain

brain cells and activates the brain’s brain cells and activates the brain’s “pleasure areas”“pleasure areas”

At higher levels, alcohol depresses brain At higher levels, alcohol depresses brain functioningfunctioning

Alcohol has complex and often Alcohol has complex and often contradictory effects on the braincontradictory effects on the brain At lower levels, alcohol stimulates certain At lower levels, alcohol stimulates certain

brain cells and activates the brain’s brain cells and activates the brain’s “pleasure areas”“pleasure areas”

At higher levels, alcohol depresses brain At higher levels, alcohol depresses brain functioningfunctioning

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Excessive drinking can be viewed as Excessive drinking can be viewed as progressing from early- to middle- to late-progressing from early- to middle- to late-stage alcohol-related disorderstage alcohol-related disorder

For individuals who drink to excess, the For individuals who drink to excess, the clinical picture is highly unfavorable and clinical picture is highly unfavorable and may include:may include: Cirrhosis of the liverCirrhosis of the liver MalnutritionMalnutrition Stomach painsStomach pains

Excessive drinking can be viewed as Excessive drinking can be viewed as progressing from early- to middle- to late-progressing from early- to middle- to late-stage alcohol-related disorderstage alcohol-related disorder

For individuals who drink to excess, the For individuals who drink to excess, the clinical picture is highly unfavorable and clinical picture is highly unfavorable and may include:may include: Cirrhosis of the liverCirrhosis of the liver MalnutritionMalnutrition Stomach painsStomach pains




Psychosocial effects of alcohol abuse Psychosocial effects of alcohol abuse and dependence include:and dependence include: Chronic fatigueChronic fatigue OversensitivityOversensitivity DepressionDepression Impaired reasoningImpaired reasoning Personality deteriorationPersonality deterioration

Several acute psychotic reactions fit the Several acute psychotic reactions fit the diagnostic classification of substance-diagnostic classification of substance-induced disordersinduced disorders

Psychosocial effects of alcohol abuse Psychosocial effects of alcohol abuse and dependence include:and dependence include: Chronic fatigueChronic fatigue OversensitivityOversensitivity DepressionDepression Impaired reasoningImpaired reasoning Personality deteriorationPersonality deterioration

Several acute psychotic reactions fit the Several acute psychotic reactions fit the diagnostic classification of substance-diagnostic classification of substance-induced disordersinduced disorders


Biological Causal Factors in the Abuse Biological Causal Factors in the Abuse of and Dependence on Alcoholof and Dependence on Alcohol


The The mesocorticolimbic dopamine mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathwaypathway is the center of psychoactive is the center of psychoactive drug activation in the braindrug activation in the brain

The The mesocorticolimbic dopamine mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathwaypathway is the center of psychoactive is the center of psychoactive drug activation in the braindrug activation in the brain

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Figure 11.1: Figure 11.1: The Mesocorticolimbic PathwayThe Mesocorticolimbic Pathway

Figure 11.1: Figure 11.1: The Mesocorticolimbic PathwayThe Mesocorticolimbic Pathway

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Genetics probably play an important role Genetics probably play an important role in developing sensitivity to the addictive in developing sensitivity to the addictive power of drugs like alcoholpower of drugs like alcohol

Learning factors appear to play an Learning factors appear to play an important role in the development of important role in the development of substance abusesubstance abuse

Genetics probably play an important role Genetics probably play an important role in developing sensitivity to the addictive in developing sensitivity to the addictive power of drugs like alcoholpower of drugs like alcohol

Learning factors appear to play an Learning factors appear to play an important role in the development of important role in the development of substance abusesubstance abuse


Psychosocial Causal Factors in Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and DependenceAlcohol Abuse and DependencePsychosocial Causal Factors in Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and DependenceAlcohol Abuse and Dependence

Potential alcohol abusers tend toPotential alcohol abusers tend to Have parents who are negative role modelsHave parents who are negative role models Be emotionally immatureBe emotionally immature Expect a great deal of the worldExpect a great deal of the world Require an inordinate amount of praise and Require an inordinate amount of praise and

appreciationappreciation React to failure with marked feelings of hurt React to failure with marked feelings of hurt

and inferiorityand inferiority Have low frustration toleranceHave low frustration tolerance Feel inadequate and unsure of their abilities Feel inadequate and unsure of their abilities

to fulfill expected male or female rolesto fulfill expected male or female roles

Potential alcohol abusers tend toPotential alcohol abusers tend to Have parents who are negative role modelsHave parents who are negative role models Be emotionally immatureBe emotionally immature Expect a great deal of the worldExpect a great deal of the world Require an inordinate amount of praise and Require an inordinate amount of praise and

appreciationappreciation React to failure with marked feelings of hurt React to failure with marked feelings of hurt

and inferiorityand inferiority Have low frustration toleranceHave low frustration tolerance Feel inadequate and unsure of their abilities Feel inadequate and unsure of their abilities

to fulfill expected male or female rolesto fulfill expected male or female roles


Psychosocial Causal Factors in Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and DependenceAlcohol Abuse and DependencePsychosocial Causal Factors in Psychosocial Causal Factors in Alcohol Abuse and DependenceAlcohol Abuse and Dependence

Alcohol abusers also tend to be unable or Alcohol abusers also tend to be unable or unwilling to tolerate tension and stressunwilling to tolerate tension and stress

Many people expect that alcohol use will Many people expect that alcohol use will lower tension and anxiety and increase lower tension and anxiety and increase sexual desire and pleasure in lifesexual desire and pleasure in life

Adults with less intimate and supportive Adults with less intimate and supportive relationships tend to show greater relationships tend to show greater drinking following sadness or hostilitydrinking following sadness or hostility

Alcohol abusers also tend to be unable or Alcohol abusers also tend to be unable or unwilling to tolerate tension and stressunwilling to tolerate tension and stress

Many people expect that alcohol use will Many people expect that alcohol use will lower tension and anxiety and increase lower tension and anxiety and increase sexual desire and pleasure in lifesexual desire and pleasure in life

Adults with less intimate and supportive Adults with less intimate and supportive relationships tend to show greater relationships tend to show greater drinking following sadness or hostilitydrinking following sadness or hostility


Sociocultural Causal FactorsSociocultural Causal FactorsSociocultural Causal FactorsSociocultural Causal Factors

The incidence of alcoholism is minimal The incidence of alcoholism is minimal among Muslims and Mormons, whose among Muslims and Mormons, whose religious views prohibit the use of alcoholreligious views prohibit the use of alcohol

The incidence of alcoholism is high The incidence of alcoholism is high among Europeans (15% in France)among Europeans (15% in France)

The incidence of alcoholism is minimal The incidence of alcoholism is minimal among Muslims and Mormons, whose among Muslims and Mormons, whose religious views prohibit the use of alcoholreligious views prohibit the use of alcohol

The incidence of alcoholism is high The incidence of alcoholism is high among Europeans (15% in France)among Europeans (15% in France)


Treatment of Alcohol-Related Treatment of Alcohol-Related DisordersDisorders


Biological approaches include:Biological approaches include: Medications to block the desire to drinkMedications to block the desire to drink

AntabuseAntabuse NaltrexoneNaltrexone

Medications to lower the side effects of Medications to lower the side effects of acute withdrawalacute withdrawal ValiumValium

Biological approaches include:Biological approaches include: Medications to block the desire to drinkMedications to block the desire to drink

AntabuseAntabuse NaltrexoneNaltrexone

Medications to lower the side effects of Medications to lower the side effects of acute withdrawalacute withdrawal ValiumValium




Psychological treatment approaches Psychological treatment approaches include:include: Group therapyGroup therapy Environmental interventionEnvironmental intervention Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapyBehavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy

Psychological treatment approaches Psychological treatment approaches include:include: Group therapyGroup therapy Environmental interventionEnvironmental intervention Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapyBehavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy

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Several approaches stress controlled Several approaches stress controlled drinking rather than abstinencedrinking rather than abstinence

Alcoholics Anonymous has reportedly Alcoholics Anonymous has reportedly met with considerable successmet with considerable success

Several approaches stress controlled Several approaches stress controlled drinking rather than abstinencedrinking rather than abstinence

Alcoholics Anonymous has reportedly Alcoholics Anonymous has reportedly met with considerable successmet with considerable success

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Success of alcoholism treatments range from Success of alcoholism treatments range from low rates for hardcore substance abusers to low rates for hardcore substance abusers to rates of 70-90% when modern treatment rates of 70-90% when modern treatment procedures are usedprocedures are used

““Project MATCH” found equal success rates Project MATCH” found equal success rates among the following treatments:among the following treatments: A 12-step programA 12-step program A CBT programA CBT program Motivational enhancement therapyMotivational enhancement therapy

Relapse prevention programs attempt to Relapse prevention programs attempt to maintain abstinence once the behavioral maintain abstinence once the behavioral excesses have been checkedexcesses have been checked

Success of alcoholism treatments range from Success of alcoholism treatments range from low rates for hardcore substance abusers to low rates for hardcore substance abusers to rates of 70-90% when modern treatment rates of 70-90% when modern treatment procedures are usedprocedures are used

““Project MATCH” found equal success rates Project MATCH” found equal success rates among the following treatments:among the following treatments: A 12-step programA 12-step program A CBT programA CBT program Motivational enhancement therapyMotivational enhancement therapy

Relapse prevention programs attempt to Relapse prevention programs attempt to maintain abstinence once the behavioral maintain abstinence once the behavioral excesses have been checkedexcesses have been checked


Aside from alcohol, the psychoactive Aside from alcohol, the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with drugs most commonly associated with abuse and dependence are:abuse and dependence are: NarcoticsNarcotics SedativesSedatives StimulantsStimulants Anti-anxiety drugsAnti-anxiety drugs Pain medicationsPain medications HallucinogensHallucinogens Caffeine and nicotineCaffeine and nicotine

Aside from alcohol, the psychoactive Aside from alcohol, the psychoactive drugs most commonly associated with drugs most commonly associated with abuse and dependence are:abuse and dependence are: NarcoticsNarcotics SedativesSedatives StimulantsStimulants Anti-anxiety drugsAnti-anxiety drugs Pain medicationsPain medications HallucinogensHallucinogens Caffeine and nicotineCaffeine and nicotine

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Drug Abuse and DependenceDrug Abuse and DependenceDrug Abuse and DependenceDrug Abuse and Dependence


Opium and Its Derivatives Opium and Its Derivatives (Narcotics)(Narcotics)


Narcotics include:Narcotics include: OpiumOpium MorphineMorphine HeroinHeroin

These drugs were originally praised for These drugs were originally praised for their medical uses, but they are their medical uses, but they are dangerously addictivedangerously addictive

Narcotics include:Narcotics include: OpiumOpium MorphineMorphine HeroinHeroin

These drugs were originally praised for These drugs were originally praised for their medical uses, but they are their medical uses, but they are dangerously addictivedangerously addictive




The immediate effects of narcotics The immediate effects of narcotics include:include: Alleviation of physical painAlleviation of physical pain Relaxation and pleasant reverieRelaxation and pleasant reverie Alleviation of anxiety and tensionAlleviation of anxiety and tension Euphoric spasmEuphoric spasm

The immediate effects of narcotics The immediate effects of narcotics include:include: Alleviation of physical painAlleviation of physical pain Relaxation and pleasant reverieRelaxation and pleasant reverie Alleviation of anxiety and tensionAlleviation of anxiety and tension Euphoric spasmEuphoric spasm




Long-term effects include:Long-term effects include: Physiological craving for the drugPhysiological craving for the drug Withdrawal symptomsWithdrawal symptoms Gradual deterioration of well-beingGradual deterioration of well-being

Long-term effects include:Long-term effects include: Physiological craving for the drugPhysiological craving for the drug Withdrawal symptomsWithdrawal symptoms Gradual deterioration of well-beingGradual deterioration of well-being




Some investigators have suspected that Some investigators have suspected that endorphins play a causal role endorphins play a causal role

A high incidence of antisocial personality A high incidence of antisocial personality has been found among heroin addictshas been found among heroin addicts

In the U.S., addiction is associated with a In the U.S., addiction is associated with a narcotics subculturenarcotics subculture

Some investigators have suspected that Some investigators have suspected that endorphins play a causal role endorphins play a causal role

A high incidence of antisocial personality A high incidence of antisocial personality has been found among heroin addictshas been found among heroin addicts

In the U.S., addiction is associated with a In the U.S., addiction is associated with a narcotics subculturenarcotics subculture

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Treatment for narcotics addiction is Treatment for narcotics addiction is initially similar to that for alcohol addictioninitially similar to that for alcohol addiction

Methadone and buprenorphine are often Methadone and buprenorphine are often used in conjunction with a rehabilitation used in conjunction with a rehabilitation programprogram

Treatment for narcotics addiction is Treatment for narcotics addiction is initially similar to that for alcohol addictioninitially similar to that for alcohol addiction

Methadone and buprenorphine are often Methadone and buprenorphine are often used in conjunction with a rehabilitation used in conjunction with a rehabilitation programprogram


Cocaine and Amphetamines Cocaine and Amphetamines (Stimulants)(Stimulants)

Cocaine and Amphetamines Cocaine and Amphetamines (Stimulants)(Stimulants)

Cocaine and amphetaminesCocaine and amphetamines Increase feelings of alertness and Increase feelings of alertness and

confidenceconfidence Decrease feelings of fatigueDecrease feelings of fatigue

Over the long-term, however, Over the long-term, however, amphetaminesamphetamines Are psychologically and physically addictiveAre psychologically and physically addictive May result in brain damage and May result in brain damage and

psychopathologypsychopathology

Cocaine and amphetaminesCocaine and amphetamines Increase feelings of alertness and Increase feelings of alertness and

confidenceconfidence Decrease feelings of fatigueDecrease feelings of fatigue

Over the long-term, however, Over the long-term, however, amphetaminesamphetamines Are psychologically and physically addictiveAre psychologically and physically addictive May result in brain damage and May result in brain damage and

psychopathologypsychopathology


MethamphetamineMethamphetamineMethamphetamineMethamphetamine

Highly addictive stimulant drug known by Highly addictive stimulant drug known by some as “poor people’s cocaine”some as “poor people’s cocaine”

Increases level of dopamine in brainIncreases level of dopamine in brain Prolonged use causes structural changes Prolonged use causes structural changes

in the brainin the brain Use has increased substantially in last 10 Use has increased substantially in last 10

yearsyears Users are resistant to treatment, and Users are resistant to treatment, and

relapse is commonrelapse is common

Highly addictive stimulant drug known by Highly addictive stimulant drug known by some as “poor people’s cocaine”some as “poor people’s cocaine”

Increases level of dopamine in brainIncreases level of dopamine in brain Prolonged use causes structural changes Prolonged use causes structural changes

in the brainin the brain Use has increased substantially in last 10 Use has increased substantially in last 10

yearsyears Users are resistant to treatment, and Users are resistant to treatment, and

relapse is commonrelapse is common


Barbiturates (Sedatives)Barbiturates (Sedatives)Barbiturates (Sedatives)Barbiturates (Sedatives)

Barbiturates were once widely used to Barbiturates were once widely used to induce sleepinduce sleep

They are dangerous drugs commonly They are dangerous drugs commonly associated withassociated with Physiological and psychological Physiological and psychological

dependencedependence Lethal overdosesLethal overdoses

Barbiturates were once widely used to Barbiturates were once widely used to induce sleepinduce sleep

They are dangerous drugs commonly They are dangerous drugs commonly associated withassociated with Physiological and psychological Physiological and psychological

dependencedependence Lethal overdosesLethal overdoses


Barbiturates (Sedatives)Barbiturates (Sedatives)Barbiturates (Sedatives)Barbiturates (Sedatives)

Those who become dependent on Those who become dependent on barbiturates tend to be middle-aged barbiturates tend to be middle-aged people who rely on them as sleeping aidspeople who rely on them as sleeping aids

Withdrawal is a key issue in treatmentWithdrawal is a key issue in treatment

Those who become dependent on Those who become dependent on barbiturates tend to be middle-aged barbiturates tend to be middle-aged people who rely on them as sleeping aidspeople who rely on them as sleeping aids

Withdrawal is a key issue in treatmentWithdrawal is a key issue in treatment


Hallucinogens: Hallucinogens: LSD and Related Drugs LSD and Related Drugs

Hallucinogens: Hallucinogens: LSD and Related Drugs LSD and Related Drugs

Hallucinogens cause an individual to see Hallucinogens cause an individual to see or hear things in different and unusual or hear things in different and unusual waysways

This category includes:This category includes: LSD LSD MescalineMescaline PsilocybinPsilocybin PCPPCP EcstasyEcstasy

Hallucinogens cause an individual to see Hallucinogens cause an individual to see or hear things in different and unusual or hear things in different and unusual waysways

This category includes:This category includes: LSD LSD MescalineMescaline PsilocybinPsilocybin PCPPCP EcstasyEcstasy


EcstasyEcstasyEcstasyEcstasy

Both a hallucinogen and a stimulantBoth a hallucinogen and a stimulant Increasingly popular as a party drug Increasingly popular as a party drug

among young adultsamong young adults Chemically similar to methamphetamineChemically similar to methamphetamine ““Rush” and well-being, but serious Rush” and well-being, but serious

adverse consequences alsoadverse consequences also

Both a hallucinogen and a stimulantBoth a hallucinogen and a stimulant Increasingly popular as a party drug Increasingly popular as a party drug

among young adultsamong young adults Chemically similar to methamphetamineChemically similar to methamphetamine ““Rush” and well-being, but serious Rush” and well-being, but serious

adverse consequences alsoadverse consequences also


MarijuanaMarijuanaMarijuanaMarijuana

Marijuana may be classified as a mild Marijuana may be classified as a mild hallucinogenhallucinogen

The effects of marijuana vary but may The effects of marijuana vary but may include:include: EuphoriaEuphoria HilarityHilarity Hyper-talkativenessHyper-talkativeness AnxietyAnxiety DepressionDepression HallucinationHallucination

Marijuana may be classified as a mild Marijuana may be classified as a mild hallucinogenhallucinogen

The effects of marijuana vary but may The effects of marijuana vary but may include:include: EuphoriaEuphoria HilarityHilarity Hyper-talkativenessHyper-talkativeness AnxietyAnxiety DepressionDepression HallucinationHallucination


MarijuanaMarijuanaMarijuanaMarijuana

Marijuana is not strongly physiologically Marijuana is not strongly physiologically addictive, but it may be psychologically addictive, but it may be psychologically addictive for some peopleaddictive for some people

Psychological treatment methods have Psychological treatment methods have been shown to be effective in reducing been shown to be effective in reducing use in dependent adultsuse in dependent adults

Marijuana is not strongly physiologically Marijuana is not strongly physiologically addictive, but it may be psychologically addictive, but it may be psychologically addictive for some peopleaddictive for some people

Psychological treatment methods have Psychological treatment methods have been shown to be effective in reducing been shown to be effective in reducing use in dependent adultsuse in dependent adults

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Stimulants: Caffeine and NicotineStimulants: Caffeine and NicotineStimulants: Caffeine and NicotineStimulants: Caffeine and Nicotine

Problematic for many reasonsProblematic for many reasons Easy to abuseEasy to abuse Readily availableReadily available Addictive propertiesAddictive properties Difficult to quitDifficult to quit Withdrawal symptoms Withdrawal symptoms Health problems and side effectsHealth problems and side effects

Problematic for many reasonsProblematic for many reasons Easy to abuseEasy to abuse Readily availableReadily available Addictive propertiesAddictive properties Difficult to quitDifficult to quit Withdrawal symptoms Withdrawal symptoms Health problems and side effectsHealth problems and side effects


Pathological GamblingPathological GamblingPathological GamblingPathological Gambling

Although pathological gambling does not Although pathological gambling does not involve a chemically addictive substance, involve a chemically addictive substance, it is similar in the following ways:it is similar in the following ways: The personality factors that tend to The personality factors that tend to

characterize addictive gamblerscharacterize addictive gamblers The difficulties attributable to compulsive The difficulties attributable to compulsive

gamblinggambling The treatment problems involvedThe treatment problems involved

Although pathological gambling does not Although pathological gambling does not involve a chemically addictive substance, involve a chemically addictive substance, it is similar in the following ways:it is similar in the following ways: The personality factors that tend to The personality factors that tend to

characterize addictive gamblerscharacterize addictive gamblers The difficulties attributable to compulsive The difficulties attributable to compulsive

gamblinggambling The treatment problems involvedThe treatment problems involved


Unresolved IssuesUnresolved IssuesUnresolved IssuesUnresolved Issues

Is the use of methadone effective in the Is the use of methadone effective in the treatment of heroin, or does it simply treatment of heroin, or does it simply exchange one addiction for another?exchange one addiction for another?

Is the use of methadone effective in the Is the use of methadone effective in the treatment of heroin, or does it simply treatment of heroin, or does it simply exchange one addiction for another?exchange one addiction for another?


End of Chapter 11End of Chapter 11

CMC Abnormal Psychology Chapter11

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