CERAMIC AND SCULPTURE WORKSHOP

• Types of clay :• Clay is a natural rock or soil material consisting of organic

matter and metal oxides.• Types :• Stoneware clay : contain feldspar , calcium , iron which lower

amount impart color to clay, fie in middle range of tempratue.• Earthenware clay : has high percentage of iron oxide, porous

when fired.• Porcelain :Also known as China clay. High firing clay white in

color.• Characteristics: Plasticity is there due to which shrinkage

and expansion takes place.• Also has malleability and porosity.

• Types of claybody:• When saw dust , ash , husk , horse dung etc are

added to clay to increase its plasticity or porosity it becomes claybody.

• Types :• Earthenware :White or red body designed to fire

at low temprature.• Stoneware : Tan grey or yellow , brown , red in

color.More plastic than porcelain.• Porcelain : Hard , non absorbent claybody which

is white and translucent.Smooth texture.

• Glaze :• Coating of vitreous substance which has been

applied to claybody through firing.• Alumina , silica , flux , water , glass is there.• Purpose : It render earthenware vessels suitable

for holding liquids , it provides hardness , sealing porosity of terracotta , .

• It is done on cups and saucer , expensive dinner sets , sanitary wares etc.Also used on stoneware and porcelain.

• Types of glaze :• Glossy , matt , crackle , opaque , transparent .

• Types of firing :• There are two types of firing :• Open kiln • Tunnel kiln• OPEN KILN : The kiln is burnt in open . Products are

kept in open on ash surrounding it cow dung cakes , husk , hollow pots are kept etc . The kiln has low temprature .It runs 5 hrs .After firing the color of product turns red.

• TUNNEL KILN : Bricks are fired in tunnel kiln . The chambers are made . Then bricks are placed in it . It runs 24 hrs . The bricks which are fired are covered by plastic . They use fevicol to transfer heat.They also pour coal from top .

• Stages before biscuiting :• Greenware : Clay is substantial to be moulded in any shape

but wet enough to not form cracks .• Clay has more plasticity.• Leatherhard : • After the product being made it starts drying and attain

stage of leather hard.• After drying of the plastic clay becomes leatherhard due to

leather like texture . Finishing of piece is done.• Bone dry : The product turns out hard like bone , surface

becomes chalky and color becomes light .• Firing : Lastly , in order to set ceramic product it is passed

through biscuit firing which is done at low temprature.

• Tiles :• Characteristics : weather resistant , light weight ,

easy to install , cheap , colors are available , various sizes are available .

• Uses : Interior , Exterior , wall cladding , flooring , etc

• Types : Porcelain tile , Quarry tile , Mosaic tile , Stone tile ,Ceramic tile , Linoleum tile , Metal tile , vinyl tile , Wood tile .

• Submitted by : MEWADA ABHISHEK (1432)

Submitted to : KRUNAL ZAVERI

JAGRUTIE DABHI